Method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a method for detecting the stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. According to the method provided by the invention, the substrate selected and melted by laser is divided into a plurality of grid areas, the same forming component is formed on each area, and the stability condition of equipment can be judged when different areas on the substrate are formed by comparing the forming size and the forming quality of the forming component; the method is easy to operate, errors of the selective laser melting substrate at different positions can be accurately and rapidly detected in a nondestructive mode, the blank that regional differences caused by a wind field, a scraper track and a laser track cannot be comprehensively detected is filled up, the regional error analysis speed in the selective laser melting process field can be remarkably increased, and the detection accuracy is improved. And high price and part damage of the existing detection method are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing and relates to a method for detecting the stability of laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment. Background Art

[0002] Selective laser melting (SLM) is a type of additive manufacturing technology. Based on the concept of discrete / accumulating processes, it uses a high-energy laser beam to melt metal / non-metal powders layer by layer, which then solidifies into a solid object after cooling. This technology first requires constructing a workpiece model in 3D CAD software. Depending on the SLM machine, the model is then imported into specialized processing software for assigning process parameters, labeling, slicing, and other operations. The resulting job file is then imported into the SLM machine. The SLM machine consists of a laser system, powder handling system, monitoring system, atmosphere control system, cooling, and post-processing units. The powder handling system spreads powder to a specific thickness onto the workpiece substrate, while the laser system performs laser scanning. This process is repeated to form the workpiece. The unique SLM forming process offers advantages such as high precision, the ability to manufacture complex structures, and a high degree of design freedom. For specific part manufacturing applications, it has surpassed other forming methods such as casting and forging, providing a key approach for forming complex aerospace structures.

[0003] However, due to the inherent design limitations of SLM equipment, process conditions (such as the shielding gas flow field, laser scanning path, and powder laying trajectory) vary between different areas during the machining process, leading to uneven build quality. For example, parts at the edge of the substrate may experience more pronounced surface oxidation or spheroidization due to shielding gas turbulence or uneven powder distribution. Areas far from the center of the laser spot (such as the edges of large substrates) may experience unstable melt pools due to light intensity attenuation, resulting in irregular surface topography. However, the lack of rapid detection methods for which specific substrate locations have the greatest or least significant impacts affects the quality of the final part.

[0004] Compared to traditional manufacturing, selective laser melting (SLM) requires greater precision and produces smaller defects. Consequently, conventional testing methods struggle to perform rapid, non-destructive testing. Therefore, establishing a rapid, non-destructive testing method for errors caused by SLM in different print zones is crucial for analyzing actual build quality during the printing process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a method for detecting the stability of laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment to solve the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to quickly and non-destructively detect the forming errors under different substrate positions of laser selective melting, and to provide guidance for error control and part placement optimization in the actual additive manufacturing process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for detecting the stability of laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment comprises the following steps: S1, dividing the laser selective melting substrate into multiple grid areas; S2, preparing a formed component in each grid area by selective laser melting, wherein the projection of the formed component on the substrate is completely within the grid area; the formed components in the multiple grid areas have the same size and shape, and the formed components are formed components with holes or formed components with slits; S3, inspect the size, shape and surface powder content of all formed components; S4, based on the test results, judge the stability of the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment when performing additive manufacturing in each grid area.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is: Preferably, in S1, the multiple grid areas are of regular shape, and the multiple grid areas have the same size and shape.

[0008] Preferably, the grid area is a rectangle, and the dividing lines of the rectangle are parallel to the side lines of the substrate.

[0009] Preferably, in S2, the forming component with holes is a hollow cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, in S2, the forming component with the gap is a cuboid.

[0011] Preferably, in S3, the specific process of the detection is: S31, ultrasonically cleaning and vacuum drying the formed component; S32, measuring the dimensions of the dried formed component; S33, observing the morphology of the surface of the hole end or the crack end of the formed component.

[0012] Preferably, in S32, the size of the holes or gaps in each formed component is detected by a plug gauge.

[0013] Preferably, in S33, the surface morphology is observed by a microscope, SEM or TEM.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the size judgment standard of the formed component is: When the diameter of a hole in a formed component with a hole in any grid area differs from the target diameter by ≥5%, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment avoids printing in the any grid area; When the difference between the gap width of a formed component with a gap in any grid area and the target gap energy width is ≥5%, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment avoids printing in the any grid area.

[0015] Preferably, the forming component is made of metal.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a rapid nondestructive detection method for errors caused by different printing areas of equipment during the laser selective melting process. The method provided by the present invention divides the laser-selected melted substrate into multiple grid areas, forms the same formed component in each area, and by comparing the formed dimensions and forming quality of the formed component, it is possible to determine the stability of the equipment when forming different areas on the substrate. The method of the present invention is simple to operate and can accurately and rapidly nondestructively detect errors at different positions of the laser selective melting substrate, filling the gap in the inability to fully detect regional differences caused by wind fields, scraper trajectories, and laser trajectories. It can significantly improve the speed of analyzing regional errors in the laser selective melting process field and avoid the high price and component damage of existing detection methods. The method has a wide range of applications and strong promotion potential. It can be quickly implemented in actual production and promote the further development of laser selective melting technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the BLT-S200 substrate, grid division and numbering.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a contour map of the hollow tube inner diameter error detection results in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is an example of the top morphology of the hollow tube in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a contour map of the hollow tube inner diameter error detection results in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is an example of the top morphology of the hollow tube in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a contour map of the hollow tube inner diameter error detection results in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is an example of the top morphology of the hollow tube in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a contour map of the hollow tube inner diameter error detection results in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is an example of the top morphology of the hollow tube in Example 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] A first aspect of the present invention discloses a method for detecting the stability of laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment, comprising the following steps: S1, laser selective melting substrate is divided into multiple grid areas; S2, preparing a formed component in each grid area by selective laser melting, wherein the projection of the formed component on the substrate is completely within the grid area; the formed components in the multiple grid areas have the same size and shape, and the formed components are formed components with holes or formed components with slits; S3, inspect the size, shape and surface powder content of all formed components; S4, based on the size deviation of the actual part under production and the designed part as the final result, judge the stability of the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment when performing additive manufacturing in each grid area.

[0028] Comparing the deviation between the molded component and the target dimensions in different grid areas, smaller deviations indicate better build quality, indicating that the laser selective melting equipment achieves higher build accuracy in the grid area represented by the part. Based on the size and precision requirements of the printed part, the corresponding area can be selected, ensuring that accuracy is met in most grid areas. On the other hand, when process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, spot size, layer thickness, overlap ratio, and scanning strategy) are not ideal, the melt pool may be unstable. For example, the molten metal cannot fully wet the underlying layer or spread, shrinking into spheres. Large amounts of unmelted powder are trapped between and around these spheres. Alternatively, insufficient or uneven energy input can lead to incomplete melting of the powder, resulting in a weak bond with the substrate and prone to surface adhesion. All of these conditions can cause powder to stick to the molded part surface. Therefore, the final surface topography (such as the amount of powder sticking to the surface) can largely reflect the quality of the build, indirectly confirming the above test results. This method can intuitively and quickly determine the build stability of the additive manufacturing equipment in a specific grid area based on dimensional deviation and powder sticking.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, in S1, the laser is selected in S1, and the plurality of grid regions are of regular shape, and the plurality of grid regions are of the same size and shape, thereby dividing the substrate into uniform grid regions, thereby eliminating positional variable interference. It should be understood that the specific density of the grid division process and the specific size of the grid can be adjusted according to the actual accuracy of the part to be printed. The denser the grid division on a substrate, the more accurate the determination of device stability when printing at a specific location on the substrate.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the grid area dividing lines are parallel to the edges of the substrate. Considering that most substrates are rectangular, dividing the substrate along the edges facilitates size control. The different areas of the substrate are divided using multiple evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines.

[0031] In a specific example, the laser selective melting substrate is divided into n×n areas using (n-1) vertical and horizontal lines.

[0032] It should be understood that in S2, the projection of the formed component on the substrate is completely within the grid area, which ensures the integrity of each formed component and facilitates subsequent observation of size and quality.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, in S2, the forming member with a hole is a hollow cylinder, specifically a vertical hollow cylinder, and the axis of the hole is perpendicular to the substrate; In some embodiments of the present invention, in S2, the shaped component with the slit is a cuboid. Specifically, the cuboid has a parallel slit in the middle, with the slit facing vertically upward.

[0034] Printing a formed component with holes or gaps and using the characteristic size of the component as a judgment basis. Holes and gaps are very representative of the difficulties in the actual additive manufacturing production process. During the forming process, it is neither impossible to form and difficult to detect, nor too simple to result in the same results in different areas of the substrate. Therefore, in some embodiments, the size judgment standard of the formed component is: If the difference between the diameter of the hole in the formed component with the hole in any mesh area and the target diameter is ≥5%, the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment avoids printing in the any mesh area; When the difference between the gap width of a formed component with a gap in any grid area and the target gap energy width is ≥5%, for example, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment avoids printing in the arbitrary grid area; if the difference is too large, it is difficult to meet the forming accuracy requirements.

[0035] For example, in a specific example, a hollow tube with inner and outer diameters is printed, the height of the tube is 5-15 mm, the inner diameter is 0.5 mm-5 mm, and the outer diameter is not limited.

[0036] For example, in a specific example, a cuboid with a gap width of 0.5 mm to 5 mm is printed.

[0037] The ends of the holes or the ends of the gaps in the hollow tube are on the upper surface, which is convenient for subsequent quality observation and testing.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, in S3, the specific process of the detection is: S31, ultrasonically cleaning and vacuum drying the formed component; S32, measuring the dimensions of the dried formed component; S33, observing the morphology of the surface of the hole end or the crack end of the formed component.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, in S32 , the size of the holes or gaps in each formed component is detected by a plug gauge.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, in S32, the plug gauge is a cylindrical plug gauge or a sheet plug gauge; In some embodiments of the present invention, in S33, the morphology of the surface and the surface layer is observed by microscope, SEM or TEM.

[0041] To address the forming quality issues caused by regional differences in the shielding gas flow field, laser scanning path, and powder laying trajectory during selective laser melting, the present invention proposes a substrate grid division scheme for the first time. By using a plug gauge to detect the inner diameter of the hollow tube or the size of the gap in each grid area, rapid non-destructive detection of regional quality differences can be achieved.

[0042] The present invention is further described below by way of examples.

[0043] Example 1 In this embodiment, the equipment used for rapid non-destructive detection of errors caused by different printing areas of laser selective melting forming equipment is BLT-S200, which includes the following steps: (1) BLT-S200 is manufactured by Xi'an Polylite Additive Technology Co., Ltd. The printable area of ​​the substrate is 105×105mm. The substrate is evenly divided into 25 small areas of 21×21mm by four horizontal and vertical lines with an interval of 21mm and numbered, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0044] (2) A hollow tube model was established with the following parameters: tube length L = 10 mm, inner tube diameter D = 1 mm, and outer tube diameter 5 mm. The parts were arranged in the center of 25 small areas. 316L vacuum-dried powder was used and additive manufacturing was performed using a BLT-S200 with standardized operations.

[0045] (3) Number the 25 hollow tubes accordingly. Clean and dry the hollow tubes using ultrasonic cleaning equipment and vacuum drying equipment; (4) Using a 0.50-2.00 mm standard round plug gauge, measure the inner diameter of each hollow tube in ascending order; (5) Record the measurement results and use them as evaluation indicators. The test results of the actual inner diameter d are shown in Table 1. The inner diameter error is obtained by subtracting the actual inner diameter value from the design inner diameter value. The error result is plotted as a contour map, as shown in Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 As can be seen, the inner diameter error of the hollow tube model formed in the center-left area of ​​the substrate is small, indicating good forming quality, while the error of the hollow tube model formed in the surrounding area is large. Therefore, when using this printing device for actual production, it is recommended to place the parts in the center of the substrate as much as possible.

[0046] (6) Use a microscope to observe and record the openings of each hollow tube, such as Figure 3 The figure shows the nozzle morphology of area "1". It can be seen that some metal particles are present in both the inner and outer contours of the hollow tube. The amount of metal powder can reflect the quality of the forming process.

[0047] Table 1 Measurement results of the inner diameter of the hollow tube at 25 locations in Example 1 (unit: mm)

[0048] Example 2 In this embodiment, the equipment used for rapid non-destructive detection of errors caused by different printing areas of laser selective melting forming equipment is BLT-S200, which includes the following steps: (1) BLT-S200 is manufactured by Xi'an Polylite Additive Technology Co., Ltd. The printable area of ​​the substrate is 105×105mm. The substrate is evenly divided into 25 small areas of 21×21mm by four horizontal and vertical lines with an interval of 21mm and numbered, such as Figure 1 As shown; (2) A hollow tube model was created with the following parameters: tube length D = 10 mm, inner diameter L = 1.1 mm, and outer diameter 4.5 mm. Parts were placed in the center of 25 small areas. Additive manufacturing was performed using a BLT-S200 using 316L vacuum-dried powder and standardized procedures. (3) Number the 25 hollow tubes accordingly. Clean and dry the hollow tubes using ultrasonic cleaning equipment and vacuum drying equipment; (4) Using a 0.50-2.00 mm standard round plug gauge, measure the inner diameter of each hollow tube in ascending order; (5) Record the measurement results and use them as evaluation indicators. The test results of the actual inner diameter d are shown in Table 2. The inner diameter error is obtained by subtracting the actual inner diameter value from the design inner diameter value. The error result is plotted as a contour map, as shown in Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 It can be intuitively seen that the inner diameter error of the hollow tube model in the center-left area of ​​the substrate is smaller and the forming quality is better, while the hollow tube model formed in the surrounding area has a larger error. Therefore, when using this printing device for actual production, it is recommended to place the parts in the center of the substrate as much as possible.

[0049] (6) Use a microscope to observe and record the openings of each hollow tube, such as Figure 5 The figure shows the nozzle morphology of area "1". It can be seen that some metal particles are present in both the inner and outer contours of the hollow tube. The amount of metal powder can reflect the quality of the forming process.

[0050] Table 2 Measurement results of the inner diameter of the hollow tube at 25 locations in Example 2 (unit: mm)

[0051] Example 3 In this embodiment, the equipment used for rapid non-destructive detection of errors caused by different printing areas of laser selective melting forming equipment is BLT-S200, which includes the following steps: (1) BLT-S200 is manufactured by Xi'an Polylite Additive Technology Co., Ltd. The printable area of ​​the substrate is 105×105mm. The substrate is evenly divided into 25 small areas of 21×21mm by four horizontal and vertical lines with an interval of 21mm and numbered, such as Figure 1 As shown; (2) A hollow tube model was created with the following parameters: tube length L = 10 mm, tube inner diameter D = 1.2 mm, and tube outer diameter 5 mm. Parts were arranged in the center of 25 small areas. 316L vacuum-dried powder was used for additive manufacturing using a BLT-S200 with standardized procedures. (3) Number the 25 hollow tubes accordingly. Clean and dry the hollow tubes using ultrasonic cleaning equipment and vacuum drying equipment; (4) Using a 0.50-2.00 mm standard round plug gauge, measure the inner diameter of each hollow tube in ascending order; (5) Record the measurement results and use them as evaluation indicators. The test results of the actual inner diameter d are shown in Table 3. The inner diameter error is obtained by subtracting the actual inner diameter value from the design inner diameter value. The error result is plotted as a contour map, as shown in Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 It can be intuitively seen that the inner diameter error of the hollow tube model in the center-left area of ​​the substrate is smaller and the forming quality is better, while the hollow tube model formed in the surrounding area has a larger error. Therefore, when using this printing device for actual production, it is recommended to place the parts in the center of the substrate as much as possible.

[0052] (6) Use a microscope to observe and record the openings of each hollow tube, such as Figure 7 The figure shows the nozzle morphology of area "1". It can be seen that some metal particles are present on both the inner and outer contours of the hollow tube.

[0053] Table 3 Measurement results of the inner diameter of the hollow tube at 25 locations in Example 3 (unit: mm)

[0054] Example 4 In this embodiment, the equipment used for rapid non-destructive detection of errors caused by different printing areas of laser selective melting forming equipment is BLT-S200, which includes the following steps: (1) BLT-S200 is manufactured by Xi'an Polylite Additive Technology Co., Ltd. The printable area of ​​the substrate is 105×105mm. The substrate is evenly divided into 25 small areas of 21×21mm by four horizontal and vertical lines with an interval of 21mm and numbered, such as Figure 1 As shown; (2) A hollow tube model was created with the following parameters: tube length L = 10 mm, tube inner diameter D = 1.3 mm, and tube outer diameter 6.5 mm. Parts were placed in the center of 25 small areas. Additive manufacturing was performed using 316L vacuum-dried powder using a BLT-S200 machine with standardized procedures. (3) Number the 25 hollow tubes accordingly. Clean and dry the hollow tubes using ultrasonic cleaning equipment and vacuum drying equipment; (4) Using a 0.50-2.00 mm standard round plug gauge, measure the inner diameter of each hollow tube in ascending order; (5) Record the measurement results and use them as evaluation indicators. The test results of the actual inner diameter d are shown in Table 4. The inner diameter error is obtained by subtracting the actual inner diameter value from the design inner diameter value. The error result is plotted as a contour map, as shown in Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8It can be intuitively seen that the inner diameter error of the hollow tube model in the center-left area of ​​the substrate is smaller and the forming quality is better, while the hollow tube model formed in the surrounding area has a larger error. Therefore, when using this printing device for actual production, it is recommended to place the parts in the center of the substrate as much as possible.

[0055] (6) Use a microscope to observe and record the openings of each hollow tube, such as Figure 9 The figure shows the nozzle morphology of area "1". It can be seen that some metal particles are present on both the inner and outer contours of the hollow tube.

[0056] Table 4 Measurement results of the inner diameter of the hollow tube at 25 locations in Example 4 (unit: mm)

[0057] Implementation results show that the present invention achieves similar results when testing equipment stability using hollow tubes with different parameters, demonstrating the present invention's stability and practicality, and that changes in hollow tube parameters do not lead to different equipment stability results. Based on the concept of grid division, the present invention combines plug gauge nondestructive testing technology with laser selective melting equipment stability testing, achieving rapid nondestructive testing of laser selective melting equipment stability. This invention significantly accelerates the testing of laser selective melting equipment stability by various companies and research centers, providing an effective implementation and evaluation plan.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. In the description of the present invention, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through another feature between them.

[0059] In the description of the present invention, “on”, “above” and “above” a first feature of a second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0061] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0062] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the stability of laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, dividing the laser selective melting substrate into multiple grid areas; S2, preparing a formed component in each grid area by selective laser melting, wherein the projection of the formed component on the substrate is completely within the grid area; the formed components in the multiple grid areas have the same size and shape, and the formed components are formed components with holes or formed components with slits; S3, inspect the size, shape and surface powder content of all formed components; S4, based on the test results, judge the stability and consistency of the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment when performing additive manufacturing in each grid area.

2. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the multiple grid areas are of regular shape, and the multiple grid areas have the same size and shape.

3. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid area is a rectangle, and the dividing lines of the rectangle are parallel to the side lines of the substrate.

4. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the forming component with holes is a hollow cylinder.

5. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the formed component with the gap is a cuboid.

6. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the specific process of the detection is: S31, ultrasonically cleaning and vacuum drying the formed component; S32, measuring the dimensions of the dried formed component; S33, observing the morphology of the surface of the hole end or the crack end of the formed component.

7. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S32, the size of the holes or gaps in each formed component is detected by a plug gauge.

8. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S33, the surface morphology is observed using an optical microscope, SEM, or TEM.

9. The method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the size judgment standard of the formed component is: When the difference between the diameter of the hole in the formed component with a hole in any grid area and the target diameter is greater than the design requirement value by ≥5%, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment avoids printing in the any grid area; When the difference between the gap width of a formed component with a gap in any grid area and the target gap energy width is greater than the design requirement value ≥5%, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment avoids printing in the any grid area.

10. A method for detecting stability of selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The forming component is made of metal.

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