Fertilizer for promoting growth of coptis chinensis and improving soil as well as preparation method and application of fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer for promoting growth of coptis chinensis and improving soil as well as a preparation method and application of the fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is prepared by weighing and uniformly mixing a cow dung organic fertilizer and under-forest soil according to a ratio of 1: 1, then adding charcoal accounting for 3% of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer and ammonium bicarbonate accounting for 5% of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer, compounding and then standing for half a month, or when the biochar and the ammonium bicarbonate are added, 200 mL of the beneficial bacterium agent is added into every 300 kg of the cow dung organic fertilizer, and then the mixture is uniformly stirred and placed for more than half a month. After the organic compound fertilizer is applied to soil, the plant height and rhizome weight of coptis chinensis plants can be remarkably improved, the soil structure is improved, the soil bulk density is reduced, the porosity is improved, and the soil pH value and the soil nutrient content are effectively improved. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and application method, and has a wide application prospect in promoting growth of coptis chinensis, increasing the yield of coptis chinensis and improving soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and crop planting, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a fertilizer for promoting the growth of coptis chinensis and improving soil properties. Background Art

[0002] Coptis chinensis (Coptis chinensis Franch) is one of the 63 Chinese medicinal herbs prioritized for development in my country. It possesses medicinal properties for clearing heat and dampness, purging fire, and detoxifying. In recent years, in line with national ecological requirements and the intensification of animal husbandry, Coptis chinensis cultivation has shifted from deforested land to continuous cultivation on cultivated land, with farmers increasingly using chemical fertilizers instead of traditional manure. Research shows that in Shizhu County, Chongqing, the primary production area of ​​Coptis chinensis in my country, over 90% of farmers apply phosphate fertilizers and ammonium carbonate, and one-sixth of farmers use more than 500 kg of chemical fertilizers per mu (approximately 500 kg) per mu (approximately 160 kg) of fertilizer annually. Excessive fertilizer use not only impairs the growth and development of Coptis chinensis rhizomes and the accumulation of biomass, but also causes unabsorbed fertilizer to accumulate in the soil, altering the composition of rhizosphere metabolites and microbial communities, leading to soil-borne diseases and a significant decline in Coptis chinensis yield and quality. This impacts the economic benefits of farmers and poses a threat to the sustainable development of the Coptis chinensis cultivation industry.

[0003] Existing research results have shown that organic fertilizers have beneficial effects on the growth, development, yield, and quality of medicinal plants. Biochar is alkaline, loose, and porous. In agriculture, it is primarily used to improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility. It also has a positive effect on the growth, development, and quality of medicinal plants. For example, microbial inoculants and biochar can significantly increase the emergence rate of Pinellia ternata and the dry weight of Panax notoginseng roots. Biochar has also been used to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping in medicinal plants. In the cultivation of ginseng and Lanzhou lily, the application of biochar can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and optimize the structural composition of soil microorganisms, thereby effectively alleviating the problem of continuous cropping. Therefore, the application of biochar can improve soil health and reduce soil compaction and soil-borne diseases caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Currently, there is little research on the application of organic fertilizers with microbial inoculants and biochar for medicinal plants, especially in the cultivation of Coptis chinensis, where the effectiveness is still unclear.

[0004] Based on the above phenomenon, the present invention provides a method for preparing and applying an organic fertilizer with a simple production process, easy-to-obtain raw materials, and the ability to improve the growth properties of Coptis chinensis, reduce soil acidity, and promote soil nutrient accumulation in a short period of time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer prepared by the following method:

[0006] 1) Weigh and mix the cow dung organic fertilizer and forest soil in a ratio of 1:1;

[0007] 2) adding biochar and ammonium carbonate and stirring evenly, wherein the amount of the biochar added is 3% of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer, and the amount of the ammonium carbonate added is 5% of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer;

[0008] 3) Leave it for half a month or more.

[0009] Furthermore, in step 2), a beneficial bacteria agent is added, and the beneficial bacteria agent is added at a ratio of 200 mL per 300 kg of cow dung organic fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, the beneficial bacteria agent is Metarhizium anisopliae 421, and the number of effective live bacteria is ≥ 200 million / gram.

[0011] The second object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above fertilizer in promoting the growth of Coptis chinensis.

[0012] Furthermore, the Coptis chinensis is the Coptis chinensis one year after transplantation and / or the Coptis chinensis of the same year of transplantation.

[0013] Furthermore, the promoting the growth of Coptis chinensis includes promoting the plant height and / or rhizome weight of Coptis chinensis.

[0014] A third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above fertilizer in improving soil properties.

[0015] Furthermore, improving soil properties includes promoting soil porosity and / or promoting an increase in pH value and / or organic matter content and / or alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content and / or available potassium content.

[0016] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for applying fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 300 kg / mu of cow dung organic fertilizer, 300 kg / mu of forest soil, 9 kg / mu of biochar, and 15 kg / mu of ammonium carbonate; it can be used by broadcasting.

[0017] The fifth object of the present invention is to provide another method for applying fertilizers, wherein the application amount of the fertilizers is 300 kg / mu of cow dung organic fertilizer, 300 kg / mu of forest soil, 200 mL / mu of beneficial bacteria, 9 kg / mu of biochar, and 15 kg / mu of ammonium carbonate; the fertilizers can be used by broadcasting.

[0018] The fertilizer for promoting the growth of Coptis chinensis and improving the soil of the present invention is prepared by weighing and uniformly mixing cow dung organic fertilizer and forest soil in a ratio of 1:1, then adding 3% biochar of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer and 5% ammonium carbonate of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer, stirring evenly after compounding and leaving for more than half a month; or when adding biochar and ammonium carbonate, a beneficial bacteria agent is also added in a ratio of 200 mL per 300 kg of cow dung organic fertilizer, and then stirring evenly and leaving for more than half a month. After the organic compound fertilizer of the present invention is applied to the soil, it can significantly increase the plant height and rhizome weight of the Coptis chinensis plant, improve the soil structure, reduce the soil bulk density, increase the porosity, and effectively increase the soil pH value and soil nutrient content. The fertilizer preparation process and application method of the present invention are simple, and have broad application prospects in promoting the growth of Coptis chinensis, increasing the yield of Coptis chinensis and improving the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The effects of the organic compound fertilizers of the present invention on the porosity of the soil of annual coptis chinensis are shown;

[0020] Figure 2 The effects of the compounded organic fertilizers of the present invention on the pH of the soil of annual Coptis chinensis;

[0021] Figure 3 The effects of the compounded organic fertilizers of the present invention on the soil porosity of the transplanted Coptis chinensis in the same year;

[0022] Figure 4 The present invention shows the effects of various compounded organic fertilizers on soil pH in the year of transplanting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, which are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments or examples, and any modifications and variations made without violating the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The experimental materials or reagents used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. The quantitative experiments in the following examples were repeated, and the results were averaged.

[0024] Example 1: Field trial 1

[0025] 1.1 Sources

[0026] Cow dung organic fertilizer: produced by Chongqing Fengzeyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., nitrogen content ≥1.3g / kg, phosphorus content ≥9g / kg, potassium content ≥19.7g / kg, organic matter content ≥30%.

[0027] Biochar: prepared from corn straw, purchased from Henan Jinbang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., with a carbon content of 78%, a quick-acting potassium content of 30 g / kg, and a particle size of 200 mesh.

[0028] Beneficial bacterial agent: Metarhizium 421, a product produced by Chongqing Fengzeyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., is a liquid bacterial agent with an effective live bacterial count of ≥ 200 million / gram. It is a compound of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium muscardine, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and amylase.

[0029] Phosphate fertilizer and ammonium bicarbonate: superphosphate (water-soluble phosphorus content ≥7%, available phosphorus content ≥12%) and ammonium bicarbonate (nitrogen content ≥17.1%) produced by Hubei Sanning Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0030] Understory soil: The collection point was located outside the artificial Coptis chinensis shed in Changping Village, Fengmu Town, Shizhu County (30°10′—30°19′N, 108°25′—108°35′E), where the soil was yellow.

[0031] 1.2 Methods

[0032] The research was carried out in an artificial planting greenhouse of Coptis chinensis in Changping Village, Fengmu Town, Shizhu County. The area has a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an average altitude of 1,400m and an average annual temperature of around 11°C (30°10′—30°19′N, 108°25′—108°35′E).

[0033] This experiment was conducted from May 2023 to August 2024. The test crops were seedlings of Coptis chinensis sown in March 2021 and transplanted in March 2022, that is, the test crops were grown for one year after transplanting. Five treatment groups were set up, one of which was the control group, and the other four treatment groups were treated with fertilizer conditioners in different compound ways, with three replicates for each treatment. Each plot was 6 m 2 500 Coptis chinensis plants were planted in each plot. The control group CK was treated with conventional chemical fertilizers: phosphate fertilizer (70kg / mu) + ammonium carbonate (15kg / mu) + forest soil (85kg / mu). The treatment groups with four different organic fertilizer conditioners were: T1, cow dung organic fertilizer (300kg / mu) + forest soil (300kg / mu) + ammonium carbonate (15kg / mu); T2, cow dung organic fertilizer (300kg / mu) + forest soil (300kg / mu) + beneficial bacteria agent (200mL / mu) + ammonium urea (15kg / mu); TS1, cow dung organic fertilizer (300kg / mu) + forest soil (300kg / mu) + biochar (9kg / mu) + ammonium urea (15kg / mu); TS2, cow dung organic fertilizer (300kg / mu) + forest soil (300kg / mu) + beneficial bacteria (200mL / mu) + biochar (9kg / mu) + ammonium urea (15kg / mu).

[0034] Preparation steps of organic fertilizer formula for each treatment: (1) T1, T2: Select an open and flat area and remove surface debris; weigh and mix cow dung organic fertilizer and forest soil in a ratio of 1:1, add 5% of the weight of cow dung organic fertilizer to ammonium carbonate, stir evenly (for T2 treatment, add beneficial bacteria agent at a numerical ratio of 200mL of beneficial bacteria agent for every 300kg of cow dung organic fertilizer, mix thoroughly), and place it for half a month or more before use. (2) TS1, TS2: Same as the above steps, mix organic fertilizer and forest soil in a ratio of 1:1, then add 3% of the weight of cow dung organic fertilizer to biochar and 5% of ammonium carbonate, stir evenly (for TS2 treatment, add beneficial bacteria agent in the same proportion, mix thoroughly), and place it for half a month or more before use. (3) CK: Mix the total weight of phosphate fertilizer and ammonium carbonate (the weight ratio of phosphate fertilizer and ammonium carbonate is 14:3) with the weight of forest soil in a ratio of 1:1, and place it for half a month or more before use.

[0035] In May 2023, 10 random points were selected in the Coptis chinensis field, and 5-15 cm soil samples were collected. The mixed samples were sent to the laboratory for testing the initial basic physical and chemical properties of the soil in the test field. Fertilization was carried out in June and November 2023 and April 2024, and samples were collected in August 2024 to measure the corresponding indicators. Five Coptis chinensis plants were randomly selected in each plot, the whole plant was dug out, brought back to the laboratory, washed and air-dried, and their plant height and rhizome weight were measured. A ring knife was used to take 0-20 cm of original soil to measure the soil bulk density and porosity. Soil samples were collected using the five-point method, naturally air-dried, and then ground and sieved for measuring the basic nutrient status of the soil.

[0036] Determination method: Soil bulk density was calculated using the ring knife method, soil porosity (%) = 1-soil bulk density / soil density; soil pH was determined using the potentiometric method (soil:water = 1:5); soil organic matter content was determined using the potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method; soil alkaline nitrogen content was determined using the alkaline diffusion method; soil alkaline nitrogen content was determined using the ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometer method.

[0037] 1.3 Results

[0038] 1.3.1 Effects on plant height and rhizome weight of Coptis chinensis

[0039] Plant height provides a direct indicator of a plant's current growth status. The effects of different organic compound fertilizers on plant height and rhizome weight are shown in Table 1. Compared with the control (CK), plant height and rhizome weight increased with all organic fertilizer conditioners except T2. Plant height reached a maximum of 49.67 cm under treatment TS2, a 33.5% increase compared to the CK, and a 20.5% increase under treatment TS1. Rhizome weight reached a maximum of 12.52 g under treatment TS2, an 83.6% increase compared to the CK. Yield prediction based on rhizome weight also showed significant yield increases under TS2.

[0040] Table 1 Effects on plant height and rhizome weight of Coptis chinensis

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] 1.3.2 Effects on the porosity of Coptis chinensis soil

[0044] Soil porosity under each organic compound fertilizer treatment is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, all organic fertilizer treatments increased soil porosity compared with CK, with the maximum value in TS2 treatment, which increased by 7.6% compared with CK, followed by TS1 treatment, which increased by 4.8%.

[0045] 1.3.3 Effects on pH of Coptis chinensis soil

[0046] Soil pH values ​​under each organic compound fertilizer treatment are as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, all organic fertilizer treatments increased soil pH value compared with CK, among which the maximum value was obtained under TS2 treatment, which increased by 2.8% compared with CK, followed by TS1 treatment, which increased by 2.3%, which can create a more suitable acidic and alkaline growth environment for Coptis chinensis.

[0047] 1.3.4 Effects on soil nutrient content of Coptis chinensis

[0048] Table 2 shows the effects of different organic fertilizer combinations on soil organic matter, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium. All treatments increased soil organic matter content compared to the CK, with the TS2 treatment achieving the highest increase, at 20.7% compared to the CK, followed by the TS1 treatment, which increased by 20.3%. Furthermore, the biochar addition treatment significantly increased soil organic matter content compared to the other organic fertilizer combinations. The TS1 and TS2 treatments significantly increased soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 11.7% and 17.1%, respectively, compared to the CK. The TS2 treatment also showed a superior effect compared to the other organic fertilizer treatments. The TS2 treatment significantly increased available potassium by 55.3% compared to the CK, while the other treatments increased available potassium by 30.5%, 35.5%, and 50.0%, respectively. The TS2 treatment was the most effective of all organic fertilizer treatments in increasing soil nutrients.

[0049] Table 2 Effects of Coptis chinensis on soil nutrient content

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Example 2: Field trial 2

[0053] 2.1 Methods

[0054] The research was carried out in an artificial planting greenhouse of Coptis chinensis in Changping Village, Fengmu Town, Shizhu County. The area has a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an average altitude of 1,400m and an average annual temperature of around 11°C (30°10′—30°19′N, 108°25′—108°35′E).

[0055] This experiment was conducted from May 2023 to August 2024. The test crops were Coptis chinensis seedlings sown in March 2021 and transplanted in March 2023, that is, the test crops were Coptis chinensis transplanted in the same year.

[0056] The experimental design, fertilizer preparation, and sampling and determination methods were the same as in Example 1.

[0057] 2.2 Results

[0058] 2.2.1 Effects on plant height and rhizome weight of Coptis chinensis

[0059] Table 3 shows the effects of different organic compound fertilizers on plant height and rhizome weight. Due to the smaller plant size, plant height increased by 10.0% under the TS1 treatment and significantly increased by 24.8% under the TS2 treatment compared to the CK treatment, achieving better results than the single organic fertilizer application. Analysis of rhizome weight, the main economic component of Coptis chinensis, revealed that, with the exception of the T2 treatment, all other organic fertilizer treatments increased weight compared to the CK treatment. TS1 and TS2 were the most effective, increasing their weight by 43.2% and 52.0%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. Similarly, yield prediction based on rhizome weight also showed significant increases under TS1 and TS2.

[0060] Table 3 Effects on plant height and rhizome weight of Coptis chinensis

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] 2.2.2 Effects on the porosity of Coptis chinensis soil

[0064] Soil porosity under each organic fertilizer treatment is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the soil porosity of all treatment groups increased compared with CK, among which the maximum was obtained under TS2 treatment, which increased significantly by 27.6% compared with CK, followed by TS1 treatment.

[0065] 2.2.3 Effects on pH of Coptis chinensis soil

[0066] Soil pH values ​​under each organic compound fertilizer treatment are as follows Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the soil pH value reached the maximum under TS1 and TS2 treatments, which was 3.0% higher than that of CK, and was more suitable for the growth of Coptis chinensis.

[0067] 2.2.4 Effects on soil nutrient content of Coptis chinensis

[0068] Table 4 shows the effects of different organic compound fertilizers on soil nutrient content. All treatments increased soil organic matter content compared to the CK, with the TS2 treatment achieving the maximum, increasing by 24.7% compared to the CK, followed by the TS1 treatment, which increased by 18.2%. The TS2 treatment significantly increased soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, increasing by 47.1% compared to the CK. All treatments increased soil available potassium content, reaching the maximum under TS2, which significantly increased by 66.0% compared to the CK.

[0069] Table 4 Effects of Coptis chinensis on soil nutrient content

[0070]

[0071] In summary, different organic fertilizer conditioners have different effects on the growth of Coptis chinensis, with some promoting and some inhibiting. However, the conditioner composed of cow dung organic fertilizer, forest soil, biochar and ammonium carbonate, and the conditioner composed of cow dung organic fertilizer, forest soil, biochar, ammonium carbonate and beneficial bacteria can significantly promote the height and root weight of Coptis chinensis and increase its yield. The conditioner with beneficial bacteria is particularly effective. It also has a soil improvement effect.

[0072] The conventional techniques and schemes not described in detail in the above embodiments are well known in the art and will not be described in detail here. The above embodiments and / or experimental examples describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple variations of the technical scheme of the present invention can be made, and these simple variations all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilizer, characterized in that Prepared by the following method: 1) Weigh and mix the cow dung organic fertilizer and forest soil in a ratio of 1:1; 2) adding biochar and ammonium carbonate and stirring evenly, wherein the amount of the biochar added is 3% of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer, and the amount of the ammonium carbonate added is 5% of the weight of the cow dung organic fertilizer; 3) Leave it for half a month or more.

2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that Beneficial bacteria are also added in step 2), and the beneficial bacteria are added at a ratio of 200 mL per 300 kg of cow dung organic fertilizer.

3. The fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that The beneficial bacteria agent is Metarhizium anisopliae 421, and the effective live bacteria count is ≥ 200 million / gram.

4. Use of the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in promoting the growth of Coptis chinensis.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The Coptis chinensis is the Coptis chinensis that is transplanted one year after transplantation and / or the same year as transplantation.

6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The promoting the growth of Coptis chinensis includes promoting the plant height and / or rhizome weight of Coptis chinensis.

7. Use of the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in improving soil properties.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that The improving soil properties includes promoting the improvement of soil porosity and / or pH value and / or organic matter content and / or alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content and / or available potassium content.

9. The method for applying fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the fertilizer is 300kg / mu of cow dung organic fertilizer, 300kg / mu of forest soil, 9kg / mu of biochar, and 15kg / mu of ammonium carbonate.

10. The method for applying fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer contains 300 kg / mu of cow dung organic fertilizer, 300 kg / mu of forest soil, 200 mL / mu of beneficial bacteria, 9 kg / mu of biochar, and 15 kg / mu of ammonium carbonate.

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