Hole-reducing efficient rock-breaking blasting time sequence method and system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a hole-reducing efficient rock-breaking blasting time sequence method and system. The method is applied to the technical field of blasting and comprises the steps that a high-energy hole is charged and detonated, a stress field is initialized, and a free face is formed; detonating the main wedge-shaped slotting hole to form a directional crack, and expanding the formed initial free face to form a primary expanded free face; second-stage wedge-shaped slotting holes and caving holes are formed, millisecond detonation is carried out, a second-stage expansion free face is formed, and a caved rock mass is formed; the third-stage slotting holes are charged with explosives, auxiliary hole distribution design is cooperatively carried out, a third-stage expansion free face is formed, and rock mass separation is achieved; and charging the peripheral holes and the floor holes and carrying out collaborative detonation. In this way, the combined blasting mode of the wedge-shaped slotting holes and the high-energy holes is adopted, the positions, where the slotting holes are distributed, of the tunnel face are optimized into the seed cooling holes of the wedge-shaped slotting holes and the high-energy holes, the blasting time sequence of the blast holes is optimized, and the blasting efficiency and energy utilization are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of blasting technology, and in particular to a method and system for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking. Background Art

[0002] During the drilling and blasting process of underground chambers, the main function of slot blasting is to form additional free surfaces and reduce the difficulty of subsequent blasting. Therefore, good slot blasting effect is the key to achieving efficient drilling and blasting of underground chambers.

[0003] In the production practice of deep tunnels, in order to overcome the huge clamping effect of high ground stress on rock blasting, slot holes are often blasted with small spacing and large charge based on experience, resulting in low blasting efficiency. At the same time, the conventional detonation sequence (slot hole → auxiliary hole → peripheral hole) is difficult to form an effective free surface, resulting in uneven rock fragmentation, which seriously affects the blasting effect.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a method and system for reducing the hole and efficiently breaking the rock by blasting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method and system for blasting sequence with high efficiency and reduced hole size for rock breaking, which solves the technical problems of insufficient rock breaking efficiency and uneven rock fragmentation in the prior art by setting the blasting sequence and optimizing the charge structure.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency in rock breaking is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0007] High-density charging is used to charge and detonate the high-energy hole to initialize the stress field and form an air-facing surface;

[0008] Detonating the main wedge-shaped cutout holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and expanding the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface;

[0009] Based on the main wedge-shaped cut hole and the first-level extended free surface, secondary wedge-shaped cut holes and caving holes are arranged, and differential detonation is performed to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass;

[0010] The three-stage slot holes are charged with low-detonation-velocity explosives and air intervals, and auxiliary hole layout design is carried out in coordination. Delayed detonation is used for detonation to form a three-stage extended air surface and achieve rock separation.

[0011] Uncoupled charging and ultra-deep charging are used to charge the peripheral holes and floor holes and perform coordinated detonation, accurately shaping the contours of the collapsed rock and controlling the depth of the surrounding rock damage.

[0012] According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, a further implementation is provided, wherein the process of charging and detonating the high-energy hole using a high-density charging method, initializing the stress field and forming the free surface is as follows:

[0013] Obtain high-energy hole design parameters and geological data, calculate the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, and complete the high-energy hole layout;

[0014] Based on the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, the spatiotemporal evolution of stress wave propagation and crack growth after high-energy hole detonation is quantified, a dynamic stress field is constructed, the crack growth rate is calculated, and the hole surface area is calculated based on the crack growth rate.

[0015] According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, a further implementation is provided, wherein the process of obtaining the high-energy hole design parameters and geological data and calculating the high-energy hole stress field design parameters is as follows:

[0016] According to the actual geological conditions, the ground stress, high-energy hole cross-sectional area and hole depth parameters are obtained, and the high-energy hole charge is calculated based on the energy balance principle;

[0017] The radius of the high-energy hole single-hole crushing zone is calculated based on the high-energy hole charge, and the high-energy hole spacing is determined;

[0018] The single high-energy hole stress peak is determined, and the high-energy hole superimposed stress peak is determined based on the radius of the single hole crushing zone.

[0019] According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, there is further provided an implementation, wherein the main wedge-shaped cutout holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole are detonated to form directional cracks, and the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole is expanded through the directional cracks to form a first-level expanded free surface.

[0020] The main slot hole position arrangement and wedge angle optimization are performed based on the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, and the charging parameters are dynamically corrected to complete the charging;

[0021] The main cut hole detonation time is calculated based on the crack propagation speed of the high-energy hole, and the main cut hole is detonated to form a directional crack;

[0022] The area of ​​the free surface is expanded by the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface.

[0023] According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, an implementation is further provided, wherein the main cut hole position arrangement and wedge angle optimization are performed based on the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, and the charging parameters are dynamically corrected, and the charging process is completed as follows:

[0024] Determine the main slot hole spacing based on the radius of the high-energy hole crushing zone, and arrange the main slot holes symmetrically outside the high-energy hole based on the spacing;

[0025] The optimal wedge angle is determined based on the rock mechanical properties and the ground stress state, and the main cut hole is optimized.

[0026] The charge amount of the main slot hole is calculated based on the free surface area generated by the high-energy hole and the volume parameters of the slot hole. Based on the charge amount, the main slot hole is charged with axial uncoupled charge.

[0027] According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, an implementation is further provided, wherein the process of laying out secondary wedge-shaped cut holes and caving holes based on the main cut hole, and performing differential detonation to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass is as follows:

[0028] The secondary wedge-shaped cut hole spacing is calculated based on the main cut hole spacing, and the secondary hole charging amount is calculated based on the secondary wedge-shaped cut hole spacing, the main cut hole charging amount, the free surface and the extended free surface, thereby completing the secondary wedge-shaped hole layout;

[0029] The charge amount of the caving holes is calculated based on the charge amount of the main cut hole, and the spacing of the caving holes is calculated by the spacing of the secondary wedge-shaped cut holes to complete the layout of the caving holes;

[0030] The synchronous micro-difference detonation method is used to sequentially detonate the secondary wedge-shaped slot holes and the collapse holes, and the primary expanded free surface is further expanded to obtain the secondary expanded free surface, and the collapsed rock is obtained, and the rock collapse speed is calculated.

[0031] The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation, wherein the process of charging the three-stage cutout holes with low-detonation-velocity explosives and air-spaced holes, designing auxiliary holes in coordination, and detonating them with a delayed detonation method to form a three-stage extended free surface and achieve rock separation is as follows:

[0032] The charge amount of the third-stage slot hole is calculated based on the charge amount of the main slot hole, the first-stage extended free area and the second-stage extended free area;

[0033] Obtaining the depth of the third-stage slot hole and calculating the air gap, and completing the third-stage slot hole charging based on the air gap and the third-stage slot hole charging amount;

[0034] The auxiliary hole spacing is calculated based on the caving hole spacing, and the auxiliary hole charge is calculated to complete the auxiliary hole layout;

[0035] When the collapse hole is detonated, the three-stage slot holes are detonated simultaneously, and the auxiliary holes are rock detonated to form a three-stage extended free surface, and the free surface area is calculated.

[0036] According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, an implementation is further provided, wherein the air gap is specifically:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, L air is the air gap, L t is the total depth of the three-level slot hole, σ in-situ is the ground stress, σ t is the tensile strength of rock.

[0039] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a hole-reducing and efficient rock-breaking blasting sequence system, comprising: a high-energy hole blasting module, a primary wedge-shaped slot hole blasting module, a secondary wedge-shaped slot hole and cave-in hole blasting module, a tertiary slot hole and auxiliary hole blasting module, and a peripheral hole and floor hole blasting module;

[0040] The high-energy hole initiation module is used to charge and initiate the high-energy hole using a high-density charging method, initialize the stress field and form an air-facing surface;

[0041] The main wedge-shaped slot hole blasting module is used to detonate the main wedge-shaped slot holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and expand the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface;

[0042] The secondary wedge-shaped cut hole and caving hole blasting module is used to lay out the secondary wedge-shaped cut holes and caving holes based on the main cut hole and the extended free surface, and perform differential detonation to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass;

[0043] The three-stage slot hole and auxiliary hole blasting module is used to charge the three-stage slot holes with low detonation velocity explosives and air intervals, coordinate the auxiliary hole layout design, and use the delayed detonation method for detonation to form a three-stage extended air surface and achieve rock separation;

[0044] The peripheral hole and floor hole blasting module is used to charge the peripheral holes and floor holes and perform coordinated detonation using uncoupled charging and ultra-deep charging methods, accurately shape the contours of collapsed rocks, and control the depth of surrounding rock damage.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0046] The present invention proposes a combined blasting method of "wedge-shaped slot holes + high-energy holes", optimizes the positions of slot holes arranged on the tunnel face into two types of holes, namely "wedge-shaped slot holes + high-energy holes", optimizes the blasting sequence of blast holes, and fully utilizes the advantage of the first blasting blast hole providing an open surface for the subsequent blasting blast hole, thereby improving blasting efficiency and energy utilization.

[0047] It should be understood that the contents described in the Summary of the Invention section are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The above and other features, advantages and aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are provided for a better understanding of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, among which:

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a hole-reducing and efficient rock-breaking blasting timing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0052] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency in rock breaking, including the following steps:

[0054] S101. Use high-density charging to charge the high-energy hole and detonate it to initialize the stress field and form an air-facing surface.

[0055] In view of the clamping effect of deep high-in-situ stress rock masses, this embodiment proposes a blasting sequence optimization method based on the "dynamic stress field superposition-crack coordinated expansion" theory.

[0056] In this embodiment, the high-energy hole is the starting point of the blasting sequence. Its core function is to quickly overcome the clamping effect of high ground stress in deep tunnels through high-intensity stress waves, forming an initial crack network and a through-free surface within the rock mass, providing a stress release boundary for subsequent wedge-shaped slot holes. Compared with traditional slot holes, high-energy holes use high-density charges and compact spacing, significantly improving energy utilization through the stress wave superposition effect. Its innovation is reflected in the following two aspects: dynamic stress field modeling: quantifying the spatiotemporal evolution of stress wave propagation and crack expansion after high-energy hole detonation; free surface formation mechanism: breaking through the ground stress constraints through stress wave reflection and superposition, forming a free surface that can be utilized by subsequent blasting.

[0057] Specifically, in this example, the charge amount is calculated based on the energy balance principle, specifically:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, Q h is the charge of high energy hole, σ in-situ is the ground stress, A h is the cross-sectional area of ​​the high-energy pore, L h is the hole depth, E h is the specific energy of explosive, η h It is the effective energy utilization rate under high ground stress environment.

[0060] In this embodiment, the high-energy hole spacing is then optimized based on the charge amount. The high-energy hole spacing must meet the stress wave superposition condition, namely:

[0061] S h =4R h (2)

[0062] Among them, S h is the high energy hole spacing, R h is the radius of the single hole crushing zone, and the specific calculation method is:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, σ c is the uniaxial compressive strength of rock.

[0065] Finally, since the stress waves of adjacent high-energy holes are superimposed in the rock mass during the blasting process, the superimposed stress peak needs to meet the following conditions:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, σ sum is the superimposed stress peak, σ h is the peak stress of a single hole, and d is the distance of stress wave action between adjacent high-energy holes.

[0068] During the blasting process, this embodiment constructs a blasting dynamic process including a stress propagation stage and a crack expansion stage according to the actual blasting situation, and finally forms a blasting free surface.

[0069] First, in the stress propagation stage, after the high-energy air detonation, the detonation wave begins to propagate, generating an initial crushing zone on the hole wall. As the gravitational wave begins to propagate outward, it attenuates, and the attenuation law is:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, σ(r) is the stress wave, α is the rock absorption coefficient, and r is the distance from the center of the high-energy hole to any point in the rock mass, which is used to characterize the spatial attenuation law of the stress wave when it propagates outward.

[0072] After the blast, due to the action of the stress wave, tensile stress is generated through reflection, which in turn triggers the mirror crack growth. The crack growth rate is calculated as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, V c is the crack growth rate, E is the rock elastic modulus, ρ r is the rock density.

[0075] After the cracks gradually expand, the cracks between adjacent high-energy holes will converge to form an air-facing surface, specifically:

[0076] A free =nl c L h (7)

[0077] Among them, A free is the free surface area, n is the number of single hole cracks, l c is the penetration length, specifically:

[0078] l c =V c Δt(8)

[0079] S102, detonating the main wedge-shaped cutout holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and expanding the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface.

[0080] The detonation of the main wedge-shaped slot hole is the core link of the "wedge-shaped slot hole + high-energy hole" combination blasting. Its function is to expand the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole by 2 to 3 times through directional crack expansion, creating better free surface conditions for subsequent blasting.

[0081] Specifically, in this embodiment, the main cut holes are symmetrically arranged outside the high energy hole, with a spacing of d t =1.2R h , thereby ensuring that its charge energy is superimposed on the high-energy hole stress field.

[0082] The main cutting holes are arranged on the periphery of the high-energy cavity with a spacing of ds=1.2Rh. The free surface generated by the high-energy holes is utilized to guide the cracks to expand in the predetermined direction through the wedge angle design, forming a V-shaped crushing zone.

[0083] The wedge-shaped cutout of this embodiment is constructed based on the rock mechanical properties and ground stress state to obtain the optimal wedge angle, specifically:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, θ m is the optimal wedge angle, σ t is the tensile strength of rock.

[0086] At the same time, the main cut hole depth L m Need to be satisfied, L m ≥1.5 L h , to ensure that the cracks penetrate into the rock behind the face.

[0087] After hole arrangement and wedge angle optimization, it is necessary to charge and dynamically modify the charge amount. Since the high-energy hole has provided an open surface, the charge amount Q of the main slot hole is m It can be reduced by about 30%, specifically:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, K m is the unit volume consumption of traditional slot holes, V m The volume of the main cut hole, A face is the total area of ​​the tunnel face.

[0090] Calculate the charge Q m Finally, the axial uncoupled charging method is used for charging and preparations for detonation are made.

[0091] Since high-energy hole detonation is required before slot hole detonation, the main slot hole detonation delay is determined by the high-energy hole crack growth rate, specifically:

[0092]

[0093] After detonation, it is necessary to ensure that the high-energy hole crack has penetrated to the hole wall, specifically: c ≥dR h .

[0094] After the main cut hole is detonated, the open area is expanded to:

[0095] A free1 =A free +2L m sinθ m W m (12)

[0096] Among them, A free1 The expanded first-level airside area, W m The width of the crushing zone of the main slot hole.

[0097] S103, laying out secondary wedge-shaped holes and collapse holes based on the main cut hole and the extended free surface, and performing micro-difference detonation to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass.

[0098] In this embodiment, the stress wave interference effect and the free surface are used in synergy to achieve efficient crushing and throwing of the rock mass.

[0099] First, arrange the secondary wedge-shaped cutout holes with a spacing of:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, S s The spacing between the secondary wedge-shaped cutout holes.

[0102] Then, the charge amount is corrected, specifically:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, Q s The charge for the secondary wedge-shaped cut hole.

[0105] In this embodiment, the avalanche hole spacing and charge amount are specifically:

[0106] Q b =0.6Q m (15)

[0107] S b =0.8S s (16)

[0108] Among them, Q b is the charge amount of the cave-in hole, S b is the distance between the collapse holes.

[0109] After detonation, this embodiment adopts synchronous differential detonation for the secondary hole and the cave-in hole, and the time difference is set to Δt2, specifically:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity.

[0112] After the blasting of the collapse hole, the collapse rock is formed. In this embodiment, the throwing speed V e , used to control the size of the slag, specifically:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, E b is the specific energy of explosive, ρ r is the rock density.

[0115] After the secondary hole blasting, the open face expands to:

[0116] A free2 =A free1 +2L s sinθ s (19)

[0117] Among them, A free2 For the secondary expansion of the airside, A free1 is the first-level extended free surface, Ls is the depth of the second-level wedge-shaped cutout, θ s Arrange the angles for the secondary wedge cut holes.

[0118] S104. Use low-detonation-velocity explosives and air intervals to charge the three-stage slot holes, coordinate with the design of auxiliary hole layout, and use delayed detonation method for detonation to form a three-stage extended air surface and achieve rock separation.

[0119] In this embodiment, the linkage design of the three-stage slot holes and auxiliary holes is a key link in the release of energy in deep high-stress rock strata blasting. The core effects achieved are:

[0120] Prolong stress action time: By using low-detonation-velocity explosives and air-spaced charges, the blasting energy is converted from "impact type" to "quasi-static pressure type", avoiding premature energy dissipation;

[0121] Matching rock fragmentation requirements: Dynamically adjust the charge structure and detonation sequence based on the size of the open surface formed by the previous blasting (secondary wedge-shaped cutout) to achieve rock layer peeling;

[0122] Control blasting vibration: Reduce the disturbance of single-stage explosive charge to surrounding rock through graded energy release.

[0123] Specifically, in this embodiment, the three-stage slot holes are filled with low-detonation-velocity explosives combined with air-spaced charges. The specific air-space is:

[0124]

[0125] Among them, Lair is the air gap, L t It is the total depth of the three-level slot hole.

[0126] The specific charge amount of the three-stage slot hole is calculated based on the free surface area of ​​the high-energy hole and the first-stage expansion free surface area:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, Q t Charge quantity for the third-level slot hole.

[0129] Subsequently, the auxiliary holes are designed, and the auxiliary hole spacing is generally optimized as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, S a is the auxiliary hole spacing.

[0132] During the charging process, the auxiliary hole charging is corrected by considering the initial calculated value of the influence of the previous blasting free surface, specifically:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, Q a is the actual charge amount of the auxiliary hole after correction, Q a0 is the auxiliary hole reference charge before correction, P q This is the quasi-static pressure peak generated by the three-stage slot hole blasting.

[0135] After blasting, in this embodiment, the three-stage slot holes and the cave-in holes are detonated simultaneously, with the same detonation time, and the auxiliary holes are detonated with a delayed detonation time of:

[0136]

[0137] Among them, Δt3 is the auxiliary hole detonation time, which can effectively ensure that the third-level hole pressure field completely covers the auxiliary hole action area.

[0138] After detonation, the air surface will be further expanded to form a three-level expansion air surface, specifically:

[0139] A free3 =A free2 +2L t sinθ t (25)

[0140] Among them, A free3 is the third-level extended airside surface, θ t Arrange the angles for the tertiary cutouts.

[0141] S105. Use uncoupled charging and ultra-deep charging to charge the peripheral holes and floor holes and perform coordinated detonation to accurately shape the contours of the collapsed rock and control the depth of surrounding rock damage.

[0142] In this embodiment, precise contour shaping and surrounding rock damage depth control are achieved through the synergistic effect of uncoupled charge pre-splitting blasting and ultra-deep compensating charge in the bottom plate hole.

[0143] Specifically, the contour forming accuracy is improved: the peripheral holes use uncoupled charging (charging coefficient k = 2.5) and pre-splitting blasting technology, so that the explosive energy acts evenly on the hole wall, forming a flat fracture surface, and the over-excavation is controlled within 5cm (traditional methods are 15-20cm);

[0144] Reduction of surrounding rock damage depth: By adjusting the delay of peripheral holes and ultra-deep charging of bottom plate holes, the blasting vibration speed v is ≤ 15cm / s, and the damage depth is reduced from 1.2m to 0.5m, thus protecting the stability of the surrounding rock;

[0145] Optimized bottom slag cleaning efficiency: The charge in the bottom plate holes is increased by 20% and the detonation is delayed. The compensation space formed by the upper blasting is used to increase the rock throwing speed to 12m / s, reducing the workload of mechanical secondary crushing by more than 30%.

[0146] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a hole-reducing and efficient rock-breaking blasting sequence system, comprising: a high-energy hole blasting module 1, a main wedge-shaped slot hole blasting module 2, a secondary wedge-shaped slot hole and cave-in hole blasting module 3, a tertiary slot hole and auxiliary hole blasting module 4, and a peripheral hole and floor hole blasting module 5;

[0147] The high-energy hole initiation module 1 is used to charge and initiate high-energy holes using a high-density charging method, initialize the stress field and form an air-facing surface;

[0148] The main wedge-shaped slot hole blasting module 2 is used to detonate the main wedge-shaped slot holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and expand the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface;

[0149] The secondary wedge-shaped cut hole and caving hole blasting module 3 is used to lay out the secondary wedge-shaped cut holes and caving holes based on the main cut hole and the extended free surface, and perform differential detonation to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass;

[0150] The three-stage slot hole and auxiliary hole blasting module 4 is used to charge the three-stage slot holes with low-detonation-velocity explosives and air intervals, coordinate the auxiliary hole layout design, and use the delayed detonation method for detonation to form a three-stage extended air surface and achieve rock separation;

[0151] The peripheral hole and floor hole blasting module 5 is used to charge the peripheral holes and floor holes and perform coordinated detonation using uncoupled charging and ultra-deep charging methods, accurately shape the contours of the collapsed rocks and control the depth of surrounding rock damage.

[0152] It should be noted that for the aforementioned method embodiments, for simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the present disclosure is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present disclosure, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present disclosure.

[0153] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0154] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure shall be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency in rock breaking, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: High-density charging is used to charge and detonate the high-energy hole to initialize the stress field and form an air-facing surface; Detonating the main wedge-shaped cutout holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and expanding the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface; Based on the main wedge-shaped cut hole and the first-level extended free surface, secondary wedge-shaped cut holes and caving holes are arranged, and differential detonation is performed to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass; The three-stage slot holes are charged with low-detonation-velocity explosives and air intervals, and auxiliary hole layout design is carried out in coordination. Delayed detonation is used for detonation to form a three-stage extended air surface and achieve rock separation. Uncoupled charging and ultra-deep charging are used to charge the peripheral holes and floor holes and perform coordinated detonation, accurately shaping the contours of the collapsed rock and controlling the depth of the surrounding rock damage.

2. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The process of charging and detonating the high-energy hole using a high-density charging method to initialize the stress field and form the free surface is as follows: Obtain high-energy hole design parameters and geological data, calculate the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, and complete the high-energy hole layout; Based on the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, the spatiotemporal evolution of stress wave propagation and crack growth after high-energy hole detonation is quantified, a dynamic stress field is constructed, the crack growth rate is calculated, and the hole surface area is calculated based on the crack growth rate.

3. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The process of obtaining the high-energy hole design parameters and geological data and calculating the high-energy hole stress field design parameters is as follows: According to the actual geological conditions, the ground stress, high-energy hole cross-sectional area and hole depth parameters are obtained, and the high-energy hole charge is calculated based on the energy balance principle; The radius of the high-energy hole single-hole crushing zone is calculated based on the high-energy hole charge, and the high-energy hole spacing is determined; The single high-energy hole stress peak is determined, and the high-energy hole superimposed stress peak is determined based on the radius of the single hole crushing zone.

4. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The process of detonating the main wedge-shaped cutout holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and expanding the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a first-level expanded free surface is as follows: The main slot hole position arrangement and wedge angle optimization are performed based on the high-energy hole stress field design parameters, and the charging parameters are dynamically corrected to complete the charging; The main cut hole detonation time is calculated based on the crack propagation speed of the high-energy hole, and the main cut hole is detonated to form a directional crack; The area of ​​the free surface is expanded by the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface.

5. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The process of performing main slot hole position arrangement and wedge angle optimization based on the high-energy hole stress field design parameters and dynamically correcting the charge parameters to complete the charge is as follows: Determine the main slot hole spacing based on the radius of the high-energy hole crushing zone, and arrange the main slot holes symmetrically outside the high-energy hole based on the spacing; The optimal wedge angle is determined based on the rock mechanical properties and the ground stress state, and the main cut hole is optimized. The charge amount of the main slot hole is calculated based on the free surface area generated by the high-energy hole and the volume parameters of the slot hole. Based on the charge amount, the main slot hole is charged with axial uncoupled charge.

6. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The process of laying out secondary wedge-shaped cut holes and caving holes based on the main cut hole and performing differential detonation to form a secondary extended free surface and a collapsed rock mass is as follows: The secondary wedge-shaped cut hole spacing is calculated based on the main cut hole spacing, and the secondary hole charging amount is calculated based on the secondary wedge-shaped cut hole spacing, the main cut hole charging amount, the free surface and the extended free surface, thereby completing the secondary wedge-shaped hole layout; The charge amount of the caving holes is calculated based on the charge amount of the main cut hole, and the spacing of the caving holes is calculated by the spacing of the secondary wedge-shaped cut holes to complete the layout of the caving holes; The synchronous micro-difference detonation method is used to sequentially detonate the secondary wedge-shaped slot holes and the collapse holes, and the primary expanded free surface is further expanded to obtain the secondary expanded free surface, and the collapsed rock is obtained, and the rock collapse speed is calculated.

7. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The process of charging the three-stage cutout holes with low-detonation-velocity explosives and air intervals, designing auxiliary holes in coordination, and detonating them with a delayed detonation method to form a three-stage extended free surface and achieve rock separation is as follows: The charge amount of the third-stage slot hole is calculated based on the charge amount of the main slot hole, the first-stage extended free area and the second-stage extended free area; Obtaining the depth of the third-stage slot hole and calculating the air gap, and completing the third-stage slot hole charging based on the air gap and the third-stage slot hole charging amount; The auxiliary hole spacing is calculated based on the caving hole spacing, and the auxiliary hole charge is calculated to complete the auxiliary hole layout; When the collapse hole is detonated, the three-stage slot holes are detonated simultaneously, and the auxiliary holes are rock detonated to form a three-stage extended free surface, and the free surface area is calculated.

8. The time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The air gap is specifically: Among them, L air is the air gap, L t is the total depth of the three-level slot hole, σ in-situ is the ground stress, σ t is the tensile strength of rock.

9. A time sequence system for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency in rock breaking, used to implement the time sequence method for blasting with reduced hole and high efficiency in rock breaking according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: High-energy hole blasting module (1), main wedge-shaped slot hole blasting module (2), secondary wedge-shaped slot hole and collapse hole blasting module (3), tertiary slot hole and auxiliary hole blasting module (4), and peripheral hole and floor hole blasting module (5); The high-energy hole detonation module (1) is used to charge and detonate the high-energy hole using a high-density charging method, initialize the stress field and form an air-facing surface; The main wedge-shaped slot hole blasting module (2) is used to detonate the main wedge-shaped slot holes symmetrically arranged outside the high-energy hole to form directional cracks, and to expand the initial free surface formed by the high-energy hole through the directional cracks to form a primary expanded free surface; The secondary wedge-shaped cutout hole and collapse hole blasting module (3) is used to arrange the secondary wedge-shaped cutout hole and collapse hole based on the main cutout hole and the extended free surface, and to perform micro-difference detonation to form the secondary extended free surface and collapse rock mass; The three-stage slot hole and auxiliary hole blasting module (4) is used to charge the three-stage slot hole with low detonation velocity explosives and air interval, coordinate the auxiliary hole layout design, and use the delayed detonation method to detonate, thereby forming a three-stage extended air surface and achieving rock mass separation; The peripheral hole and floor hole blasting module (5) is used to charge the peripheral holes and floor holes and perform coordinated detonation by adopting uncoupled charging and ultra-deep charging methods, accurately shaping the contours of collapsed rocks and controlling the depth of surrounding rock damage.

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