A monitoring and early warning device and method for preventing TBM jamming

Abstract

This invention discloses a monitoring and early warning device and method for preventing TBM jamming, comprising several monitoring and early warning units, each with an upper, middle, and lower layer. The upper layer has two fixed transverse partitions, with multiple thin cylinders connected between them, allowing the cylinders to move between the partitions. The middle layer contains an inflatable airbag, with a laser scanner at its bottom for imaging the upper part of the airbag. The lower layer contains a pressure monitor, an air pump, and a control center. The pressure monitor and air pump are connected to the inflatable airbag, and the pressure monitor is also connected to the control center via a signal transmission line. This invention can comprehensively and in real-time reflect the deformation of the surrounding rock throughout the tunnel and issue timely early warning signals, improving the reliability of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surrounding rock deformation monitoring and early warning technology, and in particular to a monitoring and early warning device and method for preventing TBM jamming. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel excavation construction sites, if the TBM (tunnel boring machine) is stopped for too long, the surrounding rock of the tunnel may undergo convergent deformation. As the deformation continues to increase, the surrounding rock will squeeze the middle and rear shield of the TBM, which will lead to the TBM jamming and seriously affect the construction progress. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0003] In existing technologies, strain sensors fixed to the tunnel wall are often used to monitor minute deformations of the surrounding rock. While these strain sensors can capture minute deformations of the surrounding rock caused by geological stress changes or groundwater flow to a certain extent, the complex and variable surrounding rock conditions at the tunnel excavation site, as well as the possibility of uneven settlement or sudden geological changes in some areas, make it difficult for strain sensors fixed to the tunnel wall to comprehensively and in real time reflect the deformation of the surrounding rock of the entire tunnel, resulting in insufficient reliability of existing monitoring devices.

[0004] Especially when the deformation rate of the surrounding rock accelerates or reaches a critical value, existing monitoring devices often fail to issue early warning signals quickly due to the limitations of their installation location, posing potential risks to tunnel construction safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a monitoring and early warning device and method for preventing TBM jamming. By designing diaphragms and thin cylinders to adapt to the complex changes in the surrounding rock surface, and in conjunction with inflatable airbags, air pressure monitoring instruments, and a control center, this invention can comprehensively and in real-time reflect the deformation of the surrounding rock of the entire tunnel and issue early warning signals in a timely manner, thereby improving the reliability of the device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM (Toyota Machine Tool) from malfunctioning, comprising: a plurality of monitoring and early warning units, each monitoring and early warning unit having an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer;

[0008] The upper layer has two fixed transverse partitions, and multiple thin cylinders are connected between the two transverse partitions, with the thin cylinders able to move between the two transverse partitions; the middle layer is provided with an inflatable airbag, and a laser scanner is provided at the bottom of the inflatable airbag for imaging the upper part of the inflatable airbag; the lower layer is provided with a pressure monitor, an air pump, and a control center, wherein the pressure monitor and the air pump are both connected to the inflatable airbag, and the pressure monitor is also connected to the control center through a signal transmission line for transmitting pressure values.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the monitoring and early warning unit is a cuboid box structure, with several monitoring and early warning units arranged in a ring in the groove on the surface of the TBM tail shell.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the two transverse partitions are provided with circular holes, and the thin cylinder passes through the circular holes in the two transverse partitions; the two ends of the thin cylinder are provided with protrusions, the radius of which is larger than the radius of the cross-section of the two ends of the thin cylinder, in order to restrict the movement of the thin cylinder between the two transverse partitions.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the air pressure monitor is used to record the air pressure value inside the inflatable airbag and transmit it to the control center; the air pump is connected to the inflatable airbag through a hose and is used to pump air into the inflatable airbag.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the lower layer is also equipped with a power supply motor, which is connected to the air pump through a power supply line to supply power to the air pump.

[0013] As a further technical solution, a baffle is also provided on the outside of each monitoring and early warning unit. The baffle can slide on the outside of the monitoring and early warning unit and is flush with the outer shell of the TBM shield tail. The baffle is used to protect the monitoring and early warning unit.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a monitoring and early warning method for preventing TBM card jamming, based on a monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM card jamming as described in any one of the first aspects, comprising:

[0015] When the TBM stops tunneling, the control center activates monitoring and early warning, starts the air pump to pump air into the airbag, and the airbag expands and squeezes outward the thin cylinder, which protrudes outward by different lengths. When the air pressure change in the airbag tends to be balanced, the pumping stops, the air pressure monitor records the air pressure value and transmits it to the control center, the control center sets the maximum air pressure threshold and obtains the initial surrounding rock image. If the surrounding rock shrinks and deforms, the squeezed thin cylinder moves into the monitoring unit, the airbag is squeezed and the internal air pressure value increases. If it exceeds the maximum air pressure threshold, an early warning is issued.

[0016] As a further technical solution, after setting the maximum air pressure threshold, the laser scanner at the bottom of the inflatable airbag scans the shape of the upper part of the inflatable airbag in contact with the bottom of the thin cylinder and forms an image to obtain the initial surrounding rock image, which is then transmitted to the control center.

[0017] As a further technical solution, when the surrounding rock shrinks and deforms, and the air pressure inside the inflatable airbag exceeds the maximum air pressure threshold and an early warning is issued, the laser scanner at the bottom of the inflatable airbag scans the shape of the upper part of the inflatable airbag in contact with the bottom of the thin cylinder and images it, thus obtaining the early warning surrounding rock image, and then transmitting the early warning surrounding rock image to the control center.

[0018] As a further technical solution, when the TBM stops tunneling, the baffle slides open to one side, revealing the transverse diaphragm and thin cylinder on the upper layer of the monitoring and early warning unit.

[0019] One or more technical solutions of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention designs a monitoring mechanism consisting of a thin cylinder, a diaphragm and an inflatable airbag. The thin cylinder is stuck between two diaphragms and moves up and down. The thin cylinder can squeeze the surrounding rock under the action of the inflatable airbag, thereby sensing the small displacement of the surrounding rock in real time and reflecting the deformation of the surrounding rock of the entire tunnel in a comprehensive and real-time manner.

[0021] (2) The inflatable airbag of the present invention can sensitively capture the pressure changes inside the surrounding rock from the side through the connected air pressure monitoring instrument. When the surrounding rock deforms or shifts, the degree of compression of the thin cylinder and the pressure inside the inflatable airbag will change accordingly. These changes will be captured immediately and converted into early warning signals, ensuring that the device issues early warnings in a timely manner, improving the safety of construction, and effectively reducing the potential risks caused by changes in the surrounding rock.

[0022] (3) The present invention arranges several monitoring and early warning units in a ring in the groove on the surface of the TBM tail shell, ensuring that the monitoring and early warning device is flush with the TBM surface, thereby effectively avoiding direct contact with the surrounding rock during the tunneling process. Even under extremely complex geological conditions, the monitoring unit is not easily worn or damaged by the surrounding rock, greatly extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0024] Figure 1 The mounting groove for the monitoring and early warning device of the TBM card machine according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2This invention provides a monitoring and early warning unit within a monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM card jamming.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the two transverse partitions of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the inflatable airbag of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the air pump of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the power supply motor for this invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the thin cylinder of the present invention;

[0031] The components include: 1. Shield tail groove; 2. diaphragm; 3. thin cylinder; 4. inflatable airbag; 5. air pressure monitor; 6. air pump; 7. power supply motor; 8. laser scanner; 9. hose; 10. power supply line; 11. protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a monitoring and early warning device to prevent TBM (Toyota Machine Memory) card jamming. The monitoring and early warning device includes several monitoring and early warning units. In this embodiment, it is configured with eight monitoring and early warning units, such as... Figure 2 As shown, each monitoring and early warning unit has an upper, middle, and lower layer. The upper layer has two fixed transverse partitions 2, and multiple thin cylinders 3 are connected between the two partitions to form a group of thin cylinders. The thin cylinders 3 can move between the two transverse partitions 2. The middle layer is equipped with an inflatable airbag 4. When the unit stops, the inflatable airbag compresses the thin cylinders upward to contact the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock deforms, it compresses the air pressure monitor to achieve the effect of early warning of surrounding rock deformation. The lower layer is equipped with an air pressure monitor 5, an air pump 6, and a control center. The air pressure monitor 5 and the air pump 6 are both connected to the inflatable airbag 4. The air pressure monitor 5 is also connected to the control center through a signal transmission line to transmit air pressure values.

[0035] In this embodiment, a tail groove is provided on the surface of the TBM tail shield shell. This groove closely conforms to the shape of the tail shield and is arranged in a ring around it. Eight monitoring and early warning units, each a cuboid box structure, are also arranged in a ring within the tail groove on the surface of the TBM tail shield shell. This design effectively avoids direct contact with the surrounding rock during tunneling. Therefore, even under extremely complex geological conditions, the monitoring units are less susceptible to wear and damage from the surrounding rock, significantly extending their service life.

[0036] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the two transverse partitions 2 have densely packed circular holes, which correspond to each other. A thin cylinder 3 passes through the circular holes in the two transverse partitions, and as shown... Figure 7 As shown, the thin cylinder has protrusions at both ends, with the radius of the protrusions being larger than the radius of the cross-section at both ends of the thin cylinder. These protrusions restrict the movement of the thin cylinder between the two transverse diaphragms. The initial position of the thin cylinder 3 is entirely inside the monitoring and early warning unit, and it is engaged with the circular holes in the transverse diaphragms by the protrusions on the top of the thin cylinder. By designing the transverse diaphragms and thin cylinder to adapt to the complex changes in the surrounding rock surface, and in conjunction with inflatable airbags, air pressure monitors, and a control center, the deformation of the surrounding rock throughout the tunnel can be comprehensively and in real time reflected.

[0037] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, a laser scanner 8 is installed at the bottom of the inflatable airbag 4 to image the upper part of the airbag. The airbag 4 is also connected to a pressure monitoring device 5, which records the air pressure value inside the airbag and transmits it to the control center. Through the connected pressure monitoring device, the airbag can sensitively detect pressure changes inside the surrounding rock from the side. When the surrounding rock deforms or shifts, the degree of compression of the thin cylinder and the pressure inside the airbag will change accordingly. These changes are immediately captured and converted into early warning signals, ensuring timely warnings from the device, improving construction safety, and effectively reducing potential risks caused by changes in the surrounding rock.

[0038] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the air pump 6 is connected to the inflatable airbag 4 via a hose 9, and is used to pump air into the airbag, causing the airbag 4 to inflate. The airbag gradually inflates and compresses upwards. After the airbag is filled to a certain extent, the upper surface of the airbag comes into complete contact with the bottom of the thin cylinder and begins to compress. Furthermore, a power supply motor 7 is also installed in the lower layer of the monitoring and early warning unit. Figure 6 As shown, the power supply motor 7 is connected to the air pump 6 through the power supply line 10 to supply power to the air pump 6.

[0039] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, each monitoring and early warning unit is also provided with a baffle 1 on its outer side. The baffle 1 can slide on the outer side of the monitoring and early warning unit and is flush with the TBM tail shell. The baffle 1 is used to protect the monitoring and early warning unit.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment provides a monitoring and early warning method for preventing TBM (Turbine Machine) jamming, based on a monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM jamming mentioned in Embodiment 1, comprising:

[0042] When the TBM stops tunneling, the monitoring and early warning system is activated through the control center. First, the baffle automatically slides open to one side, revealing the transverse diaphragm and thin cylinder on the upper layer of the monitoring and early warning unit. The power supply motor is started to supply power to the air pump, which pumps air into the airbag. The airbag gradually expands and squeezes the thin cylinder outward. The thin cylinder is passively moved upward a certain distance. At this time, the thin cylinder protrudes towards the surrounding rock and remains stationary after contacting and balancing with the surface of the surrounding rock. Due to the soft plasticity of the airbag, the thin cylinder protrudes outward by different lengths to achieve full contact with the irregular surface of the surrounding rock.

[0043] Then, the air pump fully inflates the airbag. The control center monitors the air pressure inside the airbag in real time. When the air pressure inside the airbag tends to be balanced, the pumping stops. The air pressure monitor records the air pressure value and transmits it to the control center. The control center sets the recorded air pressure value and sets it as the maximum air pressure threshold. At the same time, the laser scanner at the bottom of the airbag scans the shape of the upper part of the airbag in contact with the bottom of the thin cylinder and forms an image, obtaining the initial surrounding rock image. The initial surrounding rock image is then transmitted to the control center.

[0044] If the surrounding rock contracts and deforms, it compresses the thin cylinder and moves it into the monitoring unit. The inflatable bladder is compressed, increasing the internal air pressure. Once the pressure exceeds the maximum threshold, an early warning is issued. Simultaneously, a laser scanner at the bottom of the inflatable bladder scans the shape of the contact between the upper part of the bladder and the bottom of the thin cylinder, creating an image of the surrounding rock for the early warning. This image is then transmitted to the control center. The control center uses images of the surrounding rock from different locations transmitted by several monitoring and early warning units, combined with existing ground data and AI, to predict the changing trends of the rock at locations without monitoring and early warning units, and generates a complete image of the surrounding rock's shape.

[0045] When the surrounding rock deforms, it compresses the thin cylinder, causing it to move downwards. The thin cylinder compresses the inflatable airbag, increasing the air pressure inside the airbag. Once the air pressure exceeds the maximum threshold, an early warning is issued. By comparing the changes between the initial surrounding rock image and the warning surrounding rock image, the specific location of the surrounding rock deformation can be determined, providing guidance for the anti-jamming operation. By understanding the detailed condition and potential changes of the surrounding rock in advance, construction personnel can more accurately formulate tunneling strategies and adjust the TBM's operating parameters, thereby effectively avoiding jamming accidents and improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM (Toyota Machine Bus) jamming, characterized in that, include: Several monitoring and early warning units, each of which has upper, middle and lower layers; The upper layer has two fixed transverse partitions, and multiple thin cylinders are connected between the two transverse partitions, with the thin cylinders able to move between the two transverse partitions; the middle layer is provided with an inflatable airbag, and a laser scanner is provided at the bottom of the inflatable airbag for imaging the upper part of the inflatable airbag; the lower layer is provided with a pressure monitor, an air pump, and a control center, wherein the pressure monitor and the air pump are both connected to the inflatable airbag, and the pressure monitor is also connected to the control center through a signal transmission line for transmitting pressure values; As the inflatable airbag gradually expands, it squeezes the thin cylinder outward. The thin cylinder passively moves upward a certain distance. At this time, the thin cylinder protrudes towards the surrounding rock and remains stationary after contacting and balancing with the surface of the surrounding rock. Due to the soft plasticity of the airbag, the thin cylinder protrudes outward by different lengths to achieve full contact with the irregular surface of the surrounding rock. The control center is used to set the maximum air pressure threshold and acquire initial surrounding rock images. It can also generate a complete surrounding rock shape image by transmitting surrounding rock images from different locations through several monitoring and early warning units. The monitoring and early warning unit is a rectangular box-shaped structure, and several monitoring and early warning units are arranged in a ring in the groove on the surface of the TBM tail shell. Each monitoring and early warning unit is also equipped with a baffle on its outer side. The baffle can slide on the outer side of the monitoring and early warning unit and is flush with the outer shell of the TBM shield tail. The baffle is used to protect the monitoring and early warning unit.

2. The monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM jamming as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two transverse partitions have circular holes, through which a thin cylinder passes. The two ends of the thin cylinder have protrusions with radii greater than the cross-sectional radius of the two ends of the thin cylinder, which are used to restrict the movement of the thin cylinder between the two transverse partitions.

3. The monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM jamming as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air pressure monitor is used to record the air pressure value inside the inflatable airbag and transmit it to the control center; the air pump is connected to the inflatable airbag through a hose and is used to pump air into the inflatable airbag.

4. The monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM jamming as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower layer is also equipped with a power supply motor, which is connected to the air pump via a power supply line to supply power to the air pump.

5. A monitoring and early warning method for preventing TBM jamming, based on the monitoring and early warning device for preventing TBM jamming as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: When the TBM stops tunneling, the control center activates monitoring and early warning, starts the air pump to pump air into the airbag, and the airbag expands and squeezes outward the thin cylinder, which protrudes outward by different lengths. When the air pressure change in the airbag tends to be balanced, the pumping stops, the air pressure monitor records the air pressure value and transmits it to the control center, the control center sets the maximum air pressure threshold and obtains the initial surrounding rock image. If the surrounding rock shrinks and deforms, the squeezed thin cylinder moves into the monitoring unit, the airbag is squeezed and the internal air pressure value increases. If it exceeds the maximum air pressure threshold, an early warning is issued.

6. The monitoring and early warning method for preventing TBM jamming as described in claim 5, characterized in that, After setting the maximum air pressure threshold, the laser scanner at the bottom of the inflatable airbag scans the shape of the upper part of the inflatable airbag in contact with the bottom of the thin cylinder and forms an image, thus obtaining the initial surrounding rock image, which is then transmitted to the control center.

7. The monitoring and early warning method for preventing TBM jamming as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the surrounding rock undergoes shrinkage deformation, and the air pressure inside the inflatable bladder exceeds the maximum air pressure threshold, an early warning is issued. The laser scanner at the bottom of the inflatable bladder then scans the shape of the upper part of the inflatable bladder in contact with the bottom of the thin cylinder and creates an image, thus obtaining an image of the surrounding rock under warning. This image is then transmitted to the control center.

8. The monitoring and early warning method for preventing TBM card jamming as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the TBM stops tunneling, the baffle slides open to one side, revealing the transverse diaphragm and thin cylinder on the upper layer of the monitoring and early warning unit.

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