Head-up display device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a head-up display device and a vehicle, relates to the technical field of display, and is used for solving the problems of high cost and low yield caused by the fact that an image source can be formed only by transferring a large number of light-emitting devices in AR HUD (Augmented Reality Head-Up Display). The head-up display device comprises a display assembly and an optical waveguide structure. The display assembly comprises a transparent substrate, a pixel island array and a microlens array. The pixel island array is located on the first side of the transparent substrate, the micro-lens array is located on the second side of the transparent substrate, the first side is opposite to the second side, the pixel island array is located at the focal point of the micro-lens array, and light emitted by the pixel island array is emitted to the micro-lens array, passes through the micro-lens array and then is emitted from the micro-lens array as collimated light; the micro-lens array faces the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure, and collimated light emitted from the micro-lens array enters the optical waveguide structure from the light incident side and finally is emitted out of the head-up display device from the light emergent side of the optical waveguide structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a head-up display device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the current field of intelligent vehicle assistance, heads-up displays (HUDs), also known as head-up displays, project important driving information such as speed and navigation onto the windshield in front of the driver, allowing them to see it without having to look down or turn their heads. Within this field, augmented reality HUDs (AR HUDs) are increasingly gaining market attention.

[0003] However, in current AR HUDs, the image source needs to be formed by massively transferring light-emitting devices, which is not only costly but also has a low production yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a head-up display device and a vehicle, which are used to solve the problem that the image source in AR HUD needs to be formed by mass-transferring light-emitting devices, resulting in high cost and low yield.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a head-up display device, comprising: a display assembly and an optical waveguide structure;

[0007] The display assembly includes a transparent substrate, a pixel island array, and a microlens array; the pixel island array is located on a first side of the transparent substrate, and the microlens array is located on a second side of the transparent substrate, the first side and the second side being opposite to each other, the pixel island array being located at a focal point of the microlens array, and light emitted from the pixel island array is directed toward the microlens array and, after passing through the microlens array, is emitted from the microlens array as collimated light;

[0008] The microlens array faces the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure, and the collimated light emitted from the microlens array enters the optical waveguide structure from the light incident side and finally exits the head-up display device from the light exit side of the optical waveguide structure.

[0009] Optionally, the pixel island array includes a plurality of pixel islands distributed in an array, each pixel island including a plurality of pixel points of the same color; the microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses distributed in an array, each microlens corresponding one-to-one to the pixel island, and the pixel island is located at the focus of the corresponding microlens. The light emitted by the pixel island is directed toward the corresponding microlens, and after passing through the microlens, is emitted from the microlens as collimated light.

[0010] Optionally, the pixel island array includes a plurality of pixel islands of the same color distributed in an array, and light emitted from pixel points on adjacent sides of adjacent pixel islands irradiates the optical waveguide structure at the same angle after passing through corresponding microlenses.

[0011] Optionally, the pixel island array includes pixel islands of at least two colors, the pixel islands of each color are distributed in an array, and the pixel islands of one color are shifted as a whole by a preset distance relative to the pixel islands of another color.

[0012] Optionally, the pixel island array includes red pixel islands, green pixel islands and blue pixel islands, the red pixel islands are distributed in an array, the green pixel islands are distributed in an array, and the blue pixel islands are distributed in an array;

[0013] The green pixel island as a whole is translated by a first preset distance relative to the red pixel island as a whole along a first direction; the blue pixel island as a whole is translated by a second preset distance relative to the red pixel island as a whole along a second direction, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

[0014] Optionally, the pixel points include organic light emitting diode pixel points or micro light emitting diode pixel points formed on the transparent substrate.

[0015] Optionally, the head-up display device further includes a refractive index modulation structure, which is located on the light-emitting side of the optical waveguide structure. The refractive index modulation structure is used to modulate the light that is collimated and coupled out from the optical waveguide structure, converting it into light with a divergent angle.

[0016] Optionally, the refractive index modulation structure includes a liquid crystal box, which includes a liquid crystal layer, a first electrode and a second electrode, and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer can be deflected under the control of an electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0017] Optionally, the optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide, an incoupling grating, and an outcoupling grating; the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same side of the optical waveguide and are both located on the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure; the center of the incoupling grating, the center of the microlens, and the center of the pixel island are collinear;

[0018] Each grating in the coupling-in grating extends along a first direction, and each grating in the coupling-out grating extends along a second direction, wherein the second direction intersects the first direction; the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating have the same grating period.

[0019] Optionally, the optical waveguide structure further includes a folding grating, wherein the folding grating and the coupling-in grating are located on the same side of the optical waveguide; the folding grating and the coupling-out grating are arranged along the first direction, and the folding grating and the coupling-in grating are arranged along the second direction; the extension direction of each grating in the folding grating intersects with the first direction and intersects with the second direction.

[0020] Optionally, the refractive index of the optical waveguide is greater than 1.5.

[0021] Based on the technical solution of the above-mentioned head-up display device, a second aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned head-up display device.

[0022] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, a display component including a transparent substrate, a pixel island array and a microlens array is used as an image source to provide a display image to the optical waveguide structure. The pixel island array is directly formed on the transparent substrate and does not require a mass transfer operation of the light-emitting device. It can be seen that the technical solution provided by the present invention solves the problem that the image source needs to be formed by mass transfer of light-emitting devices, which not only reduces the cost but also improves the production yield. Moreover, in the technical solution provided by the present invention, the pixel points may include micro-light-emitting diode pixel points directly formed on the transparent substrate, that is, the pixel points are realized by using Micro-LEDs directly made on the transparent substrate. This not only avoids the mass transfer of Micro-LEDs, but also uses Micro-LEDs to realize pixel points with the advantages of high brightness, low energy consumption, long life, and self-luminescence. Therefore, in the technical solution provided by the present invention, the pixel islands in the pixel island array are used for splicing imaging, and the image fusion technology of different colors is used to solve the problem of mass transfer of Micro-LEDs while achieving full-color and high-resolution display. At the same time, the imaging method of the pixel island array combined with the microlens array can reduce the long optical path of the lens collimation in the traditional optical path, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the head-up display device and facilitating the lightweight and thin development of the head-up display device.

[0023] In addition, in the technical solution provided by the present invention, an optical waveguide structure is used to replace the original free reflection surface, which not only further compresses the volume of the head-up display device, but also increases the field of view (FOV) of the head-up display device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a head-up display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a microlens array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a pixel island array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 The monochromatic pixel island imaging optical path before coupling into the grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the color splicing display principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the grating arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to further illustrate the head-up display device and vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description is given below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] See also Figures 1 to 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a head-up display device, comprising: a display component 3 and an optical waveguide structure 2;

[0033] The display assembly 3 includes a transparent substrate 31, a pixel island array 32, and a microlens array 33. The pixel island array 32 is located on a first side of the transparent substrate 31, and the microlens array 33 is located on a second side of the transparent substrate 31, the first side and the second side being opposite to each other. The pixel island array 32 is located at the focal point of the microlens array 33. Light emitted from the pixel island array 32 is directed toward the microlens array 33, passes through the microlens array 33, and is emitted from the microlens array 33 as collimated light.

[0034] The microlens array 33 faces the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure 2 , and the collimated light emitted from the microlens array 33 enters the optical waveguide structure 2 from the light incident side and finally exits the head-up display device from the light exit side of the optical waveguide structure 2 .

[0035] For example, the transparent substrate 31 may include a glass substrate, but is not limited thereto. The transparent substrate 31 is made of a transparent material capable of transmitting light. For example, the transparent substrate 31 may be the upper or lower substrate of a common liquid crystal display panel, and may be made of materials such as Si3N4. To reduce the weight of the entire head-up display device, a lighter transparent material such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate, also known as acrylic) may also be used.

[0036] Exemplarily, the pixel island array 32 is located on the first side of the transparent substrate 31, and the microlens array 33 is located on the second side of the transparent substrate 31, wherein the first side corresponds to the light incident side of the transparent substrate 31, and the second side corresponds to the light emitting side of the transparent substrate 31.

[0037] Exemplarily, the pixel island array 32 includes a plurality of pixel islands distributed in an array (e.g., red pixel island R-320, green pixel island G-320, blue pixel island B-320), each of which includes a plurality of pixels of the same color; the microlens array 33 includes a plurality of microlenses 330 distributed in an array, each of which corresponds one-to-one to the pixel islands, and each pixel island is located at the focal point of the corresponding microlens 330. The light emitted by the pixel island is directed toward the corresponding microlens 330, and after passing through the microlens 330, is emitted from the microlens 330 as collimated light.

[0038] For example, the pixel islands may include multiple pixels of the same color distributed in an array, but are not limited thereto. Each pixel island is effectively equivalent to a pixel cluster, with the pixels within the pixel island being a single color. In this case, each pixel island is equivalent to a tiny display screen. For the image to be viewed, each pixel island displays a portion of the image. Finally, the image planes magnified by the microlens array 33 for each pixel island are spliced ​​together to form the complete image to be viewed.

[0039] Exemplarily, the pixel points are directly formed on the transparent substrate 31. For example, the pixel points include organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) directly formed on the transparent substrate 31 as pixel points, or include micro light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs) directly formed on the transparent substrate 31 as pixel points.

[0040] Exemplarily, the microlens array 33 includes a plurality of microlenses 330 distributed in an array. The microlenses 330 may be geometric microlenses, holographic lenses, metasurface lenses, metal lenses, etc. The microlenses 330 are used to image pixel islands, which are placed at the focal point of the microlens array 33 combination, collimating the light emitted by the pixel islands. It should be noted that after passing through the microlenses 330, the light is emitted from the microlenses 330 as collimated light. The collimated light emitted here is not necessarily parallel to the lens axis and can be collimated light along other directions.

[0041] For example, the microlens array 33 may be formed as an integral structure with the transparent substrate 31, that is, the microlens array 33 may be formed directly on the transparent substrate 31. The microlens array 33 may also be an independent structure from the transparent substrate 31, that is, the microlens array 33 may be fabricated on the transparent substrate 31 without being integrated with the transparent substrate 31.

[0042] Research has found that the mainstream approach in AR HUD display technology uses an image generation unit to project an image onto a diffuser film, which is then reflected by two free-form mirrors onto the windshield. The reflected image light then enters the human eye. However, this HUD system is bulky, typically exceeding 10L. This large optical system size hinders the widespread adoption of AR-HUD.

[0043] Furthermore, there are also issues with the selection of image generation units. When using a liquid crystal display module as an image generation unit, it uses light-emitting diodes as a backlight and a liquid crystal layer to adjust grayscale. However, this type of module suffers from low light efficiency, low brightness, and difficulty in resolving sunlight backflow.

[0044] When digital light processing (DLP) is used as the image generation unit, it has a better display effect, but its core patents are monopolized, which not only increases the cost but also poses a risk of supply interruption.

[0045] When using laser beam scanning-microelectromechanical systems (LBS-MEMS) as image generation units, compared with DLP as an image generation unit, the structure is simpler, but the cost is higher, and the laser diode is sensitive to temperature, and the resolution is limited by the scanning frequency of the MEMS micromirror.

[0046] When the LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) technology is used to form an image generation unit, a higher resolution can be achieved, but the light efficiency is low and the brightness is insufficient.

[0047] According to the specific structure of the head-up display device described above, the head-up display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a display assembly 3 and an optical waveguide structure 2. The display assembly 3 includes a transparent substrate 31, a pixel island array 32, and a microlens array 33. Light emitted from the pixel island array 32 passes through the transparent substrate 31 and is emitted from the microlens array 33 as collimated light. The collimated light emitted from the microlens array 33 enters the optical waveguide structure 2 and ultimately exits the head-up display device through the light-emitting side of the optical waveguide structure 2. When the head-up display device is used in a vehicle, the light emitted by the head-up display device can be directed toward the vehicle's windshield, where it is reflected by the vehicle's windshield and directed toward the user's eye.

[0048] In the head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the display component 3 including a transparent substrate 31, a pixel island array 32 and a microlens array 33 is used as an image source to provide a display image to the optical waveguide structure 2. The pixel island array 32 is directly formed on the transparent substrate 31 and does not require a mass transfer operation of the light-emitting device. It can be seen that the head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention solves the problem that the image source needs to be formed by mass transfer of light-emitting devices, which not only reduces the cost but also improves the production yield. Moreover, in the head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the pixel points may include micro light-emitting diode pixel points formed directly on the transparent substrate 31, that is, the pixel points are realized by using Micro-LEDs directly made on the transparent substrate 31. This not only avoids the mass transfer of Micro-LEDs, but also uses Micro-LEDs to realize pixel points with the advantages of high brightness, low energy consumption, long life, and self-luminescence.

[0049] Therefore, the head-up display device provided by the present invention utilizes the image stitching of the individual pixel islands in pixel island array 32 and the fusion of different color images to solve the problem of mass transfer of Micro-LEDs while achieving full-color, high-resolution display. Furthermore, the imaging method of pixel island array 32 combined with microlens array 33 can reduce the long optical path required for lens collimation in traditional optical paths, thus reducing the size of the head-up display device and promoting its lightweight and thin development.

[0050] In addition, in the head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the optical waveguide structure 2 is used to replace the original free reflection surface, which not only further compresses the volume of the head-up display device, but also increases the field of view (FOV) of the head-up display device.

[0051] In addition, the head-up display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention overcomes the various problems existing when using a liquid crystal display module as an image generation unit, using DLP as an image generation unit, using LBS-MEMS as an image generation unit, and using LCOS to form an image generation unit.

[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the pixel island array 32 includes a plurality of pixel islands of the same color distributed in an array, and the light emitted by the pixel points on adjacent sides of adjacent pixel islands, after passing through the corresponding microlenses 330, is irradiated onto the optical waveguide structure 2 at the same angle.

[0053] Exemplarily, the pixel island array 32 includes a plurality of red pixel islands R-320 distributed in an array. Light rays emitted from adjacent pixels on adjacent sides of adjacent red pixel islands R-320, after passing through their corresponding microlenses 330, strike the coupling-in grating 21 in the optical waveguide structure 2 at the same angle.

[0054] Exemplarily, the pixel island array 32 includes a plurality of green pixel islands G-320 distributed in an array. Light rays emitted from adjacent pixels on adjacent sides of adjacent green pixel islands G-320, after passing through their corresponding microlenses 330, strike the coupling-in grating 21 in the optical waveguide structure 2 at the same angle.

[0055] Exemplarily, the pixel island array 32 includes a plurality of blue pixel islands B-320 distributed in an array. Light rays emitted from adjacent pixels on adjacent sides of adjacent blue pixel islands B-320, after passing through their corresponding microlenses 330, strike the coupling-in grating 21 in the optical waveguide structure 2 at the same angle.

[0056] Exemplarily, each of the pixel islands includes a plurality of pixels distributed in an array. Pixels on adjacent sides of adjacent pixel islands refer to: a column of pixels in a first pixel island adjacent to a second pixel island, and a column of pixels in a second pixel island adjacent to the first pixel island.

[0057] In more detail, the head-up display device achieves a continuous field of view based on the following principle: when the pixel island array 32 implements monochrome stitching, each adjacent pixel island is responsible for a different viewing angle. The principle of seamless stitching of the field of view is utilized, where light incident at the same angle converges to the same point on the retina of the human eye after passing through the human eye. That is, light emitted by pixels on adjacent sides of adjacent pixel islands passes through the corresponding microlenses 330 and strikes the coupling-in grating 21 at the same angle. After being transmitted through the optical waveguide 20, it is coupled out by the coupling-out grating 22 and ultimately received by the human eye and imaged to the same point on the retina, thereby ensuring that stitched imaging can be achieved.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, the imaging field angle of the red pixel island R0-320 through the microlens 330 is -2° to 2°, the imaging field angle of the red pixel island R1-320 through the microlens 330 is 2° to 6°, and the imaging field angle of the red pixel island R2-320 through the microlens 330 is 6° to 10°, thereby ensuring that stitching imaging can be achieved.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the pixel island array 32 includes pixel islands of at least two colors, and the pixel islands of each color are distributed in an array, and the pixel islands of one color are shifted as a whole by a preset distance relative to the pixel islands of another color.

[0060] Exemplarily, the pixel island array 32 includes red pixel islands R-320, green pixel islands G-320 and blue pixel islands B-320, the red pixel islands R-320 are distributed in an array, the green pixel islands G-320 are distributed in an array, and the blue pixel islands B-320 are distributed in an array; the green pixel islands G-320 are translated as a whole along a first preset distance relative to the red pixel islands R-320 as a whole; the blue pixel islands B-320 are translated as a whole along a second preset distance relative to the red pixel islands R-320 as a whole, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

[0061] For example, the pixel islands corresponding to each color are of the same size, and the diameter and surface shape (including the radius and arch height of the lens) of the microlenses 330 corresponding to the pixel islands of each color are consistent. Pixel islands of different colors have the same corresponding lens layout, and only the layout positions are different. That is, the pixel islands and corresponding microlenses 330 of one color are translated as a whole by an appropriate distance so that they can overlap with the pixel islands and corresponding microlenses 330 of another color as a whole.

[0062] When the pixel island array 32 realizes color splicing, it realizes three-color superposition by utilizing the principle that light rays incident at the same angle converge at the same point on the retina of the human eye after passing through the human eye, thereby realizing color display. Figure 5As shown, the imaging field angle of the red pixel island R-320 through the microlens 330 is -4° to +4°, and the imaging field angle of the green pixel island G-320 through the microlens 330 is -4° to +4°. The figure illustrates that the light emitted by the red pixel island R-320 after passing through the microlens 330 and the light emitted by the green pixel island G-320 after passing through the microlens 330 have the same angle before entering the pupil and lens. After entering the pupil and retina at the same incident angle, they are imaged at the same point on the retina. That is, the image positions of the light emitted by the red pixel island R-320 after passing through the microlens 330 and the light emitted by the green pixel island G-320 after passing through the microlens 330 on the retina coincide.

[0063] In the head-up display device provided in the above embodiment, the pixel islands in the pixel island array 32 are used for splicing imaging, and different color image fusion technology is used to solve the problem of mass transfer of Micro-LEDs while achieving full-color and high-resolution display.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the head-up display device further includes a refractive index modulation structure 4, which is located on the light-emitting side of the optical waveguide structure 2. The refractive index modulation structure 4 is used to modulate the light that is collimated and coupled out from the optical waveguide structure 2, converting it into light with a divergent angle.

[0065] Exemplarily, the refractive index modulation structure 4 includes a liquid crystal cell, which includes a liquid crystal layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode. Liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are capable of deflecting under the control of an electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode can be used to adjust the focal length of the lens formed by the liquid crystal layer in real time.

[0066] In more detail, the principle of multi-imaging distance imaging is: a refractive index modulation structure 4 is added to the light-emitting side of the coupling grating 22. The refractive index modulation structure 4 generally includes a liquid crystal layer and other transparent materials that can realize different optical path modulation. The liquid crystal layer is modulated into a lens, and the lens is used to modulate the originally collimated coupled light into a nearly collimated light with a divergence angle. By adjusting the focal length of the lens, imaging at different distances can be achieved, so that it can better integrate with the environment and improve the usability of AR-HUD.

[0067] Therefore, the head-up display device provided in the above embodiment can achieve imaging at a variety of different imaging distances by setting the refractive index modulation structure 4, achieve better integration of virtual images and real environments, and improve the display effect and usability of AR-HUD.

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the optical waveguide structure 2 includes an optical waveguide 20, an incoupling grating 21, and an outcoupling grating 22; the incoupling grating 21 and the outcoupling grating 22 are located on the same side of the optical waveguide 20 and are both located on the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure 2; the center of the incoupling grating 21, the center of the microlens 330, and the center of the pixel island are collinear;

[0069] Each grating in the coupling-in grating 21 extends along a first direction, and each grating in the coupling-out grating 22 extends along a second direction, which intersects with the first direction. The coupling-in grating 21 and the coupling-out grating 22 have the same grating period.

[0070] Exemplarily, the refractive index of the optical waveguide 20 is greater than 1.5. For example, the refractive index of the optical waveguide 20 can be set to 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0071] Exemplarily, the optical waveguide 20 includes a glass optical waveguide 20 , which may be a high-refractive-index optical waveguide 20 to reduce the total reflection angle, increase the angular range of light transmitted in the optical waveguide 20 , and increase the field of view of the head-up display.

[0072] Exemplarily, the lines of the coupling-in grating 21 are horizontal, and the lines of the coupling-out grating 22 are vertical. The coupling-in grating 21 and the coupling-out grating 22 can be relief gratings, holographic gratings, etc., and can be any combination of transmission gratings and reflection gratings.

[0073] Exemplarily, the coupling-in grating 21 is used to introduce light. After the light is incident on the optical waveguide 20 , it is reflected multiple times in the optical waveguide 20 and finally exits the optical waveguide 20 through the coupling-out grating 22 .

[0074] In the head-up display device provided in the above embodiment, the optical waveguide structure 2 is used to replace the original free-reflection curved surface, which not only further compresses the volume of the head-up display device but also increases the field of view (FOV) of the head-up display device.

[0075] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the optical waveguide structure 2 further includes a folding grating 23, and the folding grating 23 and the coupling-in grating 21 are located on the same side of the optical waveguide 20; the folding grating 23 and the coupling-out grating 22 are arranged along the first direction, and the folding grating 23 and the coupling-in grating 21 are arranged along the second direction; the extension direction of each grating in the folding grating 23 intersects with the first direction and intersects with the second direction.

[0076] Exemplarily, the extending direction of each grating in the deflection grating 23 forms an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction. The deflection grating 23 is used to expand the light coupled into the grating 21 in another dimension.

[0077] Basic waveguide display principle: The coupling-in grating 21 couples collimated light into the optical waveguide 20, and transmits it by total reflection in the waveguide. When the light is transmitted to the deflection grating 23, it is divided into two parts by the deflection grating 23. One part continues to be transmitted forward by total reflection, realizing light expansion in the Y direction (Y-direction pupil expansion), and the other part is transmitted by total reflection in the direction of the coupling-out grating 22, that is, transmitted in the X direction. The light transmitted in the X direction is coupled out by the coupling-out grating 22 after being transmitted to the coupling-out grating 22. After the collimation of the coupled light is modulated by the refractive index modulation structure 4, it is finally irradiated on the windshield, reflected by the windshield, enters the human eye and is imaged on the retina.

[0078] The principle of pixel island stitching imaging is as follows: based on the principle of field continuity, each pixel island corresponds to a microlens 330, wherein the center of the coupling grating 21, the center of the microlens 330 and the center of the pixel island are collinear. The light emitted by the pixel island is collimated after passing through its corresponding microlens 330. By designing the spacing between the coupling grating 21 and the microlens 330, as well as the thickness of the transparent substrate 31, angularly continuous collimated light can be obtained.

[0079] In the head-up display device provided in the above embodiment, the optical waveguide structure 2 is used to expand the exit pupil, achieving a larger eyebox without increasing the head-up display's size. Furthermore, the use of the optical waveguide structure 2 to transmit light allows for a large field of view (FOV) (which can be increased by increasing the waveguide's refractive index) without increasing the device's size. Therefore, using the optical waveguide structure 2 for imaging in a HUD effectively reduces the HUD's size, eliminating any trade-off between FOV and volume.

[0080] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle, comprising the head-up display device provided by the above embodiment.

[0081] The head-up display device provided in the above embodiment utilizes image stitching of the individual pixel islands in the pixel island array 32, and employs image fusion technology for different colors, thereby solving the problem of mass transfer of Micro-LEDs while achieving full-color, high-resolution display. Furthermore, the imaging method of the pixel island array 32 combined with the microlens array 33 can reduce the long optical path required for lens collimation in the traditional optical path, thereby facilitating a reduction in the size of the head-up display device and promoting its lightweight and thin development. Furthermore, the head-up display device provided in the above embodiment utilizes an optical waveguide structure 2 in place of the original free-form reflective surface, further reducing the size of the head-up display device and increasing its field of view (FOV).

[0082] Therefore, when the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the above-mentioned head-up display device, it also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0083] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, "the same layer" may refer to film layers on the same structural layer. Alternatively, for example, the film layers on the same layer may be formed using the same film-forming process to form a specific pattern, and then patterned using the same mask through a single patterning process to form the film layer. Depending on the specific pattern, a single patterning process may include multiple exposure, development, or etching processes, and the specific pattern in the resulting layer structure may be continuous or discontinuous. These specific patterns may also be at different heights or have different thicknesses.

[0084] In the various method embodiments of the present invention, the serial numbers of the steps cannot be used to limit the order of the steps. For ordinary technicians in this field, without paying any creative work, changes to the order of the steps are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0085] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to in conjunction with each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the method embodiments are described briefly because they are generally similar to the product embodiments. For relevant parts, refer to the description of the product embodiments.

[0086] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect", "couple" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0087] It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” or “under” another element, it can be “directly on” or “under” the other element or intervening elements may be present.

[0088] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0089] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A head-up display device, characterized in that: include: display components and optical waveguide structures; The display assembly includes a transparent substrate, a pixel island array and a microlens array; The pixel island array is located on a first side of the transparent substrate, and the microlens array is located on a second side of the transparent substrate, the first side and the second side are opposite to each other, the pixel island array is located at the focus of the microlens array, and light emitted by the pixel island array is emitted toward the microlens array and, after passing through the microlens array, is emitted from the microlens array as collimated light; The microlens array faces the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure, and the collimated light emitted from the microlens array enters the optical waveguide structure from the light incident side and finally exits the head-up display device from the light exit side of the optical waveguide structure.

2. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The pixel island array includes a plurality of pixel islands distributed in an array, each pixel island including a plurality of pixel points of the same color; the microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses distributed in an array, each microlens corresponding one-to-one to the pixel island, and the pixel island is located at the focal point of the corresponding microlens. The light emitted by the pixel island is directed toward the corresponding microlens and, after passing through the microlens, is emitted from the microlens as collimated light.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pixel island array includes a plurality of pixel islands of the same color distributed in an array. Light emitted from pixel points on adjacent sides of adjacent pixel islands irradiates the optical waveguide structure at the same angle after passing through corresponding microlenses.

4. The head-up display device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pixel island array includes pixel islands of at least two colors, and the pixel islands of each color are distributed in an array. The pixel islands of one color are shifted as a whole by a preset distance relative to the pixel islands of another color.

5. The head-up display device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pixel island array includes red pixel islands, green pixel islands and blue pixel islands, the red pixel islands are distributed in an array, the green pixel islands are distributed in an array, and the blue pixel islands are distributed in an array; The green pixel island as a whole is translated by a first preset distance relative to the red pixel island as a whole along a first direction; the blue pixel island as a whole is translated by a second preset distance relative to the red pixel island as a whole along a second direction, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

6. The head-up display device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pixel points include organic light emitting diode pixel points or micro light emitting diode pixel points formed on the transparent substrate.

7. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The head-up display device further includes a refractive index modulation structure, which is located on the light-emitting side of the optical waveguide structure. The refractive index modulation structure is used to modulate the light that is collimated and coupled out from the optical waveguide structure, converting it into light with a divergent angle.

8. The head-up display device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The refractive index modulation structure includes a liquid crystal cell, which includes a liquid crystal layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode. Liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer can be deflected under the control of an electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

9. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide, an incoupling grating, and an outcoupling grating; the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are located on the same side of the optical waveguide and are both located on the light incident side of the optical waveguide structure; the center of the incoupling grating, the center of the microlens, and the center of the pixel island are collinear; Each grating in the coupling-in grating extends along a first direction, and each grating in the coupling-out grating extends along a second direction, wherein the second direction intersects the first direction; the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating have the same grating period.

10. The head-up display device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The optical waveguide structure also includes a folding grating, which is located on the same side of the optical waveguide as the coupling-in grating; the folding grating and the coupling-out grating are arranged along the first direction, and the folding grating and the coupling-in grating are arranged along the second direction; the extension direction of each grating in the folding grating intersects with the first direction and intersects with the second direction.

11. The head-up display device according to claim 8, wherein: The refractive index of the optical waveguide is greater than 1.

5.

12. A vehicle comprising the head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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