A multi-source energy system and energy management method and device thereof

Abstract

This application discloses a multi-source energy system and its energy management method and device, relating to the field of multi-source energy management. The system includes: a superconducting energy storage system housed in a vacuum Dewar, including a superconducting energy storage coil and a cooling screen; two liquid hydrogen pipelines connected to the outlet of a liquid hydrogen storage tank; one liquid hydrogen pipeline heats the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen to the set temperature of the cooling screen via a first heater to cool the cooling screen, while the other liquid hydrogen pipeline directly cools the superconducting energy storage coil; a second heater is used to heat the hydrogen vapor and remaining liquid hydrogen generated during cooling, and inputs the heated liquid hydrogen into a hydrogen fuel cell; an energy management module is used to construct a dual-objective optimization strategy considering the AC loss of the superconducting energy storage and the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell, and to manage the coordinated power supply of the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system to the power system based on the needs of the power system. This application can improve the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell and reduce liquid hydrogen consumption and cooling costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of multi-source energy management, and in particular to a multi-source energy system and its energy management method and device. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as an oxidant, and an electrochemical reaction takes place in an electrolyte membrane to produce water and generate an electric current. It has the advantages of high energy density and large energy storage capacity, and is a typical energy storage technology.

[0003] Because liquid hydrogen has a higher energy density than gaseous hydrogen and its volume is much smaller, more hydrogen energy can be stored in a relatively small storage space. Liquid hydrogen also reduces the risk of hydrogen leakage and is relatively easy to handle and transfer during transportation. Therefore, hydrogen fuel is often stored in liquid form in weight-sensitive systems such as ships and electric aircraft. Hydrogen fuel cells need to operate at a suitable temperature (60-100 degrees Celsius), so the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell needs to be heated to ensure it reaches the required temperature before entering the fuel cell.

[0004] It is evident that in current hydrogen fuel cell systems, the process of supplying liquid hydrogen as fuel to the hydrogen fuel cell typically requires heating the liquid hydrogen with a heater to bring it to a suitable operating temperature. This traditional heating process consumes a lot of heat, increases additional energy consumption, leads to energy waste, and reduces the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0005] However, superconducting energy storage is a technology that uses superconducting coils to store and release electromagnetic energy. It boasts advantages such as high short-time charge / discharge power and high power density, making it a typical power-type energy storage technology. A superconducting energy storage system typically consists of superconducting coils and a cooling system. The superconducting coil is a coil made of superconducting material, whose current-carrying density is much higher than that of conventional conductors, thus giving it a very high charge / discharge power density. The cooling system is used to cool the superconducting material to a cryogenic state, maintaining its superconducting zero-resistance characteristics and high current-carrying capacity. Superconducting materials need to operate at extremely low temperatures, typically requiring a dedicated cooling system to provide these extremely low temperatures. The cooling load of a superconducting energy storage system mainly comes from two aspects: first, the superconducting coil generates AC losses and eddy current losses during charge / discharge operations, leading to temperature rise. The cooling system needs to remove this heat promptly, otherwise, the magnet may burn out; second, there is heat leakage from the vacuum Dewar itself and the heating and leakage of the current leads.

[0006] It is evident that in superconducting energy storage systems, increased AC losses directly lead to higher thermal convergence, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the refrigeration system, increasing the consumption of liquid hydrogen, and raising cooling costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a multi-source energy system and its energy management method and device to solve the problems of low overall efficiency, high liquid hydrogen consumption and high cooling cost of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution.

[0009] In a first aspect, this application provides a multi-source energy system, comprising: a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a vacuum dewar, a first heater, a second heater, a hydrogen fuel cell, an electrical system, and an energy management module connected in sequence.

[0010] The vacuum dewar is equipped with a superconducting energy storage system; the superconducting energy storage system includes a superconducting energy storage coil and a cold shield.

[0011] The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to two liquid hydrogen pipelines at its outlet; one of the liquid hydrogen pipelines heats the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen to the set temperature of the cold screen through the first heater to cool the cold screen, while the other liquid hydrogen pipeline directly cools the superconducting energy storage coil.

[0012] The second heater is used to heat the generated hydrogen vapor and residual liquid hydrogen, and to input the heated liquid hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0013] The energy management module is used to construct a dual-objective optimization strategy that considers AC losses in superconducting energy storage and hydrogen consumption in fuel cells, and to manage the coordinated power supply from the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system to the power consumption system based on the needs of the power consumption system.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides an energy management method for the above-mentioned multi-source energy system, comprising the following steps.

[0015] Based on the AC loss prediction model, the predicted AC loss value is determined according to the parameters of the superconducting energy storage system; among which, AC loss includes hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and cross-field loss.

[0016] Based on the strategy of minimizing equivalent hydrogen consumption, the minimum total equivalent hydrogen consumption is determined according to the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charging and discharging power of the superconducting energy storage system.

[0017] Based on the predicted AC loss and the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption, a dual-objective optimization strategy considering both superconducting energy storage AC loss and fuel cell hydrogen consumption is constructed.

[0018] Based on the needs of the power system, the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system are coordinated to supply power to the power system according to the dual-objective optimization strategy.

[0019] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the energy management method described above.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: Based on a multi-source energy system, this application combines liquid hydrogen with superconducting energy storage refrigeration technology. First, the superconducting energy storage coil is cooled by liquid hydrogen, allowing the liquid hydrogen to absorb some heat. Then, the liquid hydrogen is further heated to reach a suitable input temperature for the hydrogen fuel cell. Based on the energy management method provided in this application, an efficient energy management strategy is constructed. This energy management strategy is a dual-objective optimization strategy that considers both superconducting energy storage AC loss and fuel cell hydrogen consumption. While reducing superconducting energy storage AC loss, it optimizes fuel cell hydrogen consumption, thereby not only significantly reducing energy consumption and improving liquid hydrogen conversion efficiency, but also reducing the superconducting energy storage refrigeration cost and fuel cell hydrogen consumption cost. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-source energy system in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a superconducting energy storage system in a vacuum dewar provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a multi-source energy system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an energy management method for a multi-source energy system, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a dual-objective optimization strategy provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] To make the objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] This application provides a multi-source energy system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a vacuum dewar 2, a first heater 3, a second heater 4, a hydrogen fuel cell 5, an electrical system 6, and an energy management module 7, all connected in sequence.

[0031] The vacuum dewar 2 is a cryogenic dewar; the vacuum dewar 2 is equipped with a superconducting energy storage system; the superconducting energy storage system includes a superconducting energy storage coil 21 and a cold shield 22.

[0032] Two liquid hydrogen pipelines are connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; one of the liquid hydrogen pipelines is heated to the set temperature of the cold screen 22 by the first heater 3 to cool the cold screen 22, and the other liquid hydrogen pipeline directly cools the superconducting energy storage coil 21.

[0033] The second heater 4 is used to heat the generated hydrogen vapor and residual liquid hydrogen, and to input the heated liquid hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell 5.

[0034] The energy management module 7 is used to construct a dual-objective optimization strategy that considers AC losses in superconducting energy storage and hydrogen consumption in fuel cells, and to manage the coordinated power supply of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and the superconducting energy storage system to the power system 6 based on the needs of the power system 6.

[0035] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the superconducting energy storage system further includes: a first cooling copper pipe 23, a second cooling copper pipe 24, a pull rod 25, a current lead 26, and a vacuum pump 27.

[0036] The first cooling copper pipe 23 is connected to the first heater 3; the second cooling copper pipe 24 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through a flow valve.

[0037] The pull rod 25 is used to fix the superconducting energy storage coil 21 inside the cold screen 22.

[0038] The current lead 26 is used to connect the superconducting energy storage coil 21 to the power system 6.

[0039] The vacuum pump 27 is used to maintain the vacuum state inside the vacuum dewar 2.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the first cooling copper pipe 23 and the second cooling copper pipe 24 converge at the outlet of the vacuum dewar 2 and are connected to the second heater 4.

[0041] Furthermore, the superconducting energy storage coil 21 is used to store and release electrical energy and is fixed inside the cold screen 22 by the pull rod 25.

[0042] Furthermore, the cold screen 22 is used to reduce the heat load of the superconducting coil. The temperature of the cold screen 22 is 80K, and it is cooled by the first cooling copper pipe 23 connected to the first heater 3.

[0043] Furthermore, the second cooling copper pipe 24 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through a flow valve, and the flow valve controls the liquid hydrogen flow to maintain a stable temperature.

[0044] Furthermore, the current lead 26 is used to connect the superconducting energy storage coil 21 to the power system 6.

[0045] Furthermore, the vacuum pump 27 is used to maintain the vacuum state inside the cryogenic Dewar.

[0046] Furthermore, the first cooling copper pipe 23 and the second cooling copper pipe 24 converge at the low-temperature Dewar outlet and are connected to the second heater 4.

[0047] The first heater 3 is used to heat liquid hydrogen to 80K to cool the cold screen 22.

[0048] The second heater 4 is used to heat the low-temperature hydrogen vapor and residual liquid hydrogen generated during the cooling process, and the outlet of the second heater 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 5.

[0049] The hydrogen fuel cell 5 is used to receive heated hydrogen and use it as fuel to generate electricity. The power output terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 is electrically connected to the power system 6.

[0050] The power system 6 is powered by a superconducting energy storage coil 21 and a hydrogen fuel cell 5 working together.

[0051] The energy management module 7 is used to obtain the demand of the power system 6 and manage the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and the superconducting energy storage.

[0052] The liquid hydrogen pipeline at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is divided into two paths. One path of liquid hydrogen is heated to 80K by the first heater 3 and then used to cool the cold screen 22 installed in the cryogenic Dewar. The other path of liquid hydrogen directly cools the superconducting energy storage coil 21 inside the cold screen 22.

[0053] The system schematic diagram of this application is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0054] In practical applications, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 cools the cold screen 22 and the superconducting energy storage coil 21 within the cold screen 22 via the first cooling copper pipe 23. The low-temperature hydrogen vapor evaporated from the cold screen 22 and the superconducting energy storage coil 21 through heat exchange and the remaining liquid hydrogen are heated by the second heater 4 and then fed into the hydrogen fuel cell 5. The superconducting energy storage coil 21 recovers braking energy and surge energy. Under the control of the energy management module 7, the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and the superconducting energy storage work together to supply power to the electrical system 6.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, this application provides an energy management method for the above-mentioned multi-source energy system, including the following steps.

[0056] S1: Based on the AC loss prediction model, the predicted AC loss value is determined according to the parameters of the superconducting energy storage system; among which, AC loss includes hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and cross-field loss.

[0057] S2: Based on the strategy of minimizing equivalent hydrogen consumption, the minimum total equivalent hydrogen consumption is determined according to the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charging and discharging power of the superconducting energy storage system.

[0058] S3: Based on the predicted AC loss value and the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption, construct a dual-objective optimization strategy that considers the AC loss of superconducting energy storage and the hydrogen consumption of fuel cells.

[0059] S4: Based on the needs of the power system, the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system are coordinated to supply power to the power system according to the dual-objective optimization strategy.

[0060] The principle of the dual-objective optimization strategy is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, where, P sc0 and P fc0 The initial values ​​for the output power of the superconducting energy storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell 5 are set. P’ sc and P’ fcTo obtain the intermediate value of the output power of the superconducting energy storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell 5 during multiple optimization processes, the AC loss prediction value can be obtained through the AC loss prediction model, i.e., formula (1)-formula (3), where AC loss includes hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and cross-field loss. This refers to the energy loss per unit length per cycle, i.e., hysteresis loss. The permeability of free space, This refers to the critical current of the superconducting tape in the superconducting energy storage coil. To determine the amplitude of the applied alternating current, Power loss per unit volume (W / m) 3 ), that is, eddy current loss, This represents the magnetic field amplitude. For frequency, The conductivity of the metal, For metal thickness, This refers to the unit volume loss, i.e., the cross-field loss. Alternating magnetic field amplitude, The coupling time constant reflects the inductive coupling strength between multiple strands. This is the effective coupling length.

[0061] (1)

[0062] (2)

[0063] (3)

[0064] Furthermore, the equivalent hydrogen consumption can be obtained through the strategy of minimizing equivalent hydrogen consumption, which takes into account the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and the charging and discharging power of the superconducting energy storage system. The specific calculation process and the data on which it is based are shown in equation (4), where For total equivalent hydrogen consumption, Let t be the instantaneous output power of the fuel cell. Let be the power input of the superconducting energy storage system in the charging state at time t. For fuel cell efficiency, For the feedback efficiency of superconducting energy storage systems, This is the lower heating value of hydrogen.

[0065] (4)

[0066] Then, an optimization algorithm is used to achieve a weighted minimization of the two, and the objective function is shown in equation (5), where, These are the weighting coefficients. F Let F be the objective function, and minF be the result of the dual-objective optimization that minimizes both the AC loss of superconducting energy storage and the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell. T This represents the total time.

[0067] The constraint function is shown in equation (6), and the objective function is... The optimization process is shown in equations (7) and (8), where, For superconducting energy storage to recover braking energy and surge energy, P sc and P fc For the output power of the superconducting energy storage system and hydrogen fuel cell 5, L For superconducting energy storage inductors, I For superconducting energy storage current, t For superconducting energy storage release time, V This refers to the voltage of a single cell in a fuel cell. F It is Faraday's constant. The hydrogen molar flow rate of hydrogen fuel cell 5. For iteration coefficients, Let be the output power of the superconducting energy storage system at time k+1; Let be the output power of the superconducting energy storage system at time k.

[0068] (5)

[0069] (6)

[0070] (7)

[0071] (8)

[0072] This application comprehensively analyzes the multi-physics field considering the low-temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, the electromagnetic characteristics of superconducting energy storage, and the electrochemical characteristics of fuel cells. It uses cryogenic liquid hydrogen as the cooling medium for superconducting energy storage, allowing it to absorb heat and rise in temperature while cooling the superconducting energy storage coil 21, ensuring stable electromagnetic characteristics of the superconducting energy storage. After being heated by a heater, the hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell 5, ensuring the smooth progress of the fuel cell's electrochemical reaction. A dual-objective optimization strategy is formulated to reduce AC losses in superconducting energy storage and hydrogen consumption in the fuel cell. The energy management module 7 intelligently regulates the hydrogen fuel cell 5 and the superconducting energy storage system, forming an efficient cold energy recovery and utilization mechanism. This improves the overall energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell 5, reduces the cooling burden on the superconducting energy storage, reduces liquid hydrogen consumption, and enhances the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

[0073] This application combines superconducting energy storage refrigeration technology with the liquid hydrogen conversion process to address the energy waste problem in current heating processes. Specifically, this application realizes the dual use of liquid hydrogen in both superconducting energy storage coils and hydrogen fuel cells. By cooling the superconducting energy storage coils, the liquid hydrogen absorbs some heat, which is then heated by a heater and supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell. By recovering heat from the refrigeration process, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved by 10% to 20%.

[0074] In superconducting energy storage systems, increased AC losses directly lead to higher heat loads, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the refrigeration system, liquid hydrogen consumption, and cooling costs. Simultaneously, in fuel cell systems, increased hydrogen fuel consumption not only raises the cost of hydrogen fuel itself but also incurs additional energy overhead, such as energy consumption during storage and supply. If braking and surge energy are not utilized efficiently, not only will hydrogen consumption not be reduced, but net energy loss will occur due to the energy consumption of the recovery system itself. Therefore, developing appropriate energy management strategies to balance the AC losses of superconducting energy storage with the hydrogen consumption of fuel cells is crucial for improving the overall system performance. Through optimized control, it is possible to reduce fuel cell hydrogen consumption while ensuring efficient operation of superconducting energy storage, achieving optimal energy utilization efficiency, system economy, and operational stability, thus enabling more efficient multi-energy collaborative management.

[0075] A search revealed some similar research and patents, but no system structure or method has yet been found that can achieve electrothermal integration, or an energy management scheme that optimizes both AC losses in superconducting energy storage and hydrogen consumption in fuel cells. Similar patents are as follows:

[0076] Chinese Patent Application No.: 202111448892.8, Patent Title: A Closed-Loop High-Efficiency Superconducting Liquid Hydrogen Energy Storage System. The patent description states: This application discloses a closed-loop high-efficiency superconducting liquid hydrogen energy storage system, comprising a clean energy superconducting power generation device, a seawater electrolysis hydrogen production device, a hydrogen liquefaction device, a hydrogen fuel cell, and a liquid hydrogen storage device. The output end of the clean energy superconducting power generation device is electrically connected to the input end of the seawater electrolysis hydrogen production device. The hydrogen fuel cell, seawater electrolysis hydrogen production device, hydrogen liquefaction device, and liquid hydrogen storage device are connected in a closed-loop hydrogen circulation. The advantages are that a superconducting motor is used as the power generation device, liquid hydrogen is used as a superconducting cold source for cooling, hydrogen is produced by seawater electrolysis, a high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell is used for power supply, liquid hydrogen is produced using the reverse Brayton-helium cycle refrigeration principle, and a liquid hydrogen zero-evaporation system is used for storage. The entire system operates in a closed loop, relying solely on ocean wind and wave energy for energy input to continuously output liquid hydrogen. Additionally, this application can also include a seawater desalination function.

[0077] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different basic principles: This patent generates electricity using clean energy (such as ocean wind and wave energy), electrolyzes seawater to produce hydrogen, then liquefies and stores the hydrogen, achieving a closed-loop hydrogen cycle. Its system uses a reverse Brayton cycle to produce liquid hydrogen and also features zero-evaporation storage, further improving hydrogen energy utilization and storage efficiency. This application uses hydrogen fuel cells and superconducting energy storage as the main power supply devices, using liquid hydrogen as a cold source to cool the superconducting energy storage coil, while simultaneously heating the liquid hydrogen with a heater to convert it into fuel for the hydrogen fuel cell, achieving efficient energy conversion. ② Different core content: This patent uses clean ocean energy as the sole energy input source, aiming to establish an independent energy supply system with the added function of seawater desalination. It designs a closed-loop system operation, a reverse Brayton helium cycle refrigeration system, and zero-evaporation liquid hydrogen technology. This application focuses on the combination of superconducting energy storage and hydrogen fuel cells to improve electrothermal integration efficiency. It also proposes an optimized control strategy based on superconducting energy storage AC losses and hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen consumption, focusing on reducing refrigeration costs and hydrogen fuel costs.

[0078] Chinese Patent Application No.: 202210428868.6, Patent Title: A Method and Apparatus for Preparing Liquid Hydrogen from Offshore Superconducting Wind Power. The patent description states: This application discloses a method and apparatus for preparing liquid hydrogen from offshore off-grid superconducting wind power. The method includes electrolyzing seawater to obtain hydrogen based on the electrical energy output from the offshore off-grid superconducting wind turbine, liquefying the hydrogen into the prepared liquid hydrogen, and outputting a portion of the liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant for the offshore off-grid superconducting wind turbine. The apparatus includes a liquid hydrogen production platform, an offshore off-grid superconducting wind turbine, a seawater electrolysis unit, a hydrogen liquefaction unit, and a liquid hydrogen storage unit. The power supply terminals of the seawater electrolysis unit and the hydrogen liquefaction unit are connected to the output terminals of the offshore off-grid superconducting wind turbine, and the hydrogen liquefaction unit is connected to the coolant input terminal of the offshore off-grid superconducting wind turbine. This application can utilize the power generation of superconducting wind turbines to simultaneously cool the superconducting wind turbines and supply liquid hydrogen, effectively solving the capacity expansion problem faced by offshore wind turbines, while also addressing the issues of power storage, transmission, and grid connection for offshore wind farms.

[0079] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different application targets: This patent targets offshore wind power applications, especially suitable for off-grid conditions in distant waters, using wind energy to achieve self-circulating cooling and hydrogen storage to meet the long-distance power storage and transportation needs of offshore wind power. This application leans towards power system energy management and is suitable for scenarios requiring efficient power supply and thermal energy conversion. ② Different basic principles: This patent directly utilizes the electricity generated by the superconducting wind turbine to electrolyze seawater to produce hydrogen, which is then liquefied and used as a coolant to cool the superconducting wind turbine. This method forms a relatively independent energy cycle system, using wind power to cool the off-grid offshore superconducting wind turbine, solving the problems of capacity expansion and power storage for offshore wind power. This application includes components such as a hydrogen fuel cell, a superconducting energy storage coil, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a cryogenic Dewar flare. It uses liquid hydrogen to cool the superconducting energy storage coil, absorbs heat, and then reheats it to convert it into fuel for the hydrogen fuel cell, achieving efficient energy conversion. It also incorporates an optimized control strategy based on superconducting energy storage and the hydrogen fuel cell. ③ The core content differs. This patent combines liquid hydrogen production with superconducting wind power cooling in an off-grid offshore environment, using off-grid operation to improve the independence and remote application capabilities of superconducting wind power, and solve the problems of offshore wind power expansion and energy storage. This application uses liquid hydrogen as a dual medium (cold source and fuel) and proposes an optimized control strategy to improve energy conversion efficiency and save cooling and fuel costs.

[0080] Chinese Patent Application No.: 202222065406.0, Patent Title: A DC Superconducting Liquid Hydrogen Energy Pipeline System with Liquid Nitrogen Cooling Screen. The patent description states: This utility model discloses a DC superconducting liquid hydrogen energy pipeline system with a liquid nitrogen cooling screen, comprising a superconducting energy pipeline system starting station A, a superconducting energy pipeline system continuation station B, and a superconducting energy pipeline system ending station C, connected sequentially through a liquid hydrogen superconducting pipeline with a liquid nitrogen cooling screen. The liquid hydrogen superconducting pipeline with a liquid nitrogen cooling screen includes a liquid hydrogen transport pipeline, a liquid nitrogen cooling screen layer, an external insulation layer, and a superconducting cable assembly disposed inside the liquid hydrogen transport pipeline. Liquid nitrogen cooling screens are installed in sections outside the liquid hydrogen transport pipeline, with the bottom and top of each section of the liquid nitrogen cooling screen connected to a liquid nitrogen supply pipeline and a nitrogen recovery pipeline, respectively, via pipelines. This invention can be applied to large-scale new energy bases for DC superconducting power transmission. The surplus power can be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen can be liquefied to provide a low-temperature environment for superconductivity. Thus, the entire system can achieve advantages such as large energy capacity, low loss, high-efficiency transmission, and hydrogen-electricity synergistic complementarity.

[0081] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different application targets: This patent is suitable for DC power transmission scenarios in large-scale new energy bases, especially for ultra-long-distance power transmission. By combining liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, it can achieve synergy between electrolytic hydrogen production, superconducting power transmission, and long-distance hydrogen energy transportation. This application is mainly applied to integrated energy supply and cooling systems, suitable for providing efficient power and heat energy conversion. ② Different basic principles: This patent uses a combination of liquid nitrogen cold shield and liquid hydrogen transportation pipeline to provide cooling, where liquid hydrogen is used to maintain the low-temperature environment, and the liquid nitrogen cold shield helps reduce heat loss during the cooling process. This design improves the system's cold insulation capacity and is suitable for long-distance power transmission. This application includes components such as hydrogen fuel cells, liquid hydrogen storage tanks, cryogenic Dewars, and superconducting energy storage coils, using liquid hydrogen as a cold source to provide low temperature for the superconducting energy storage coils, and using heated hydrogen as fuel for the hydrogen fuel cells. ③ Different core content: This patent combines a liquid nitrogen cold shield with a liquid hydrogen transportation pipeline, further improving cooling efficiency based on liquid hydrogen cooling through the liquid nitrogen cold shield. This design helps improve the stability and efficiency of long-distance power transmission, forming a highly efficient and low-loss hydrogen-electricity synergistic system. The core of this application lies in optimizing the control strategy and the multi-purpose application of liquid hydrogen, utilizing it as both a cooling source and fuel to improve energy conversion efficiency and economy.

[0082] Chinese Patent Application No. CN202410893281.1, Patent Title: Control Method, System, Equipment, and Medium for a Liquid Hydrogen Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Device. The patent description is as follows: This application discloses a control method, system, equipment, and medium for a liquid hydrogen superconducting magnetic energy storage device. By acquiring real-time power data from the power grid, the first power regulation demand of the power grid is calculated. Based on the first power regulation demand, the power output command of the liquid hydrogen energy storage unit is determined. According to the first power regulation demand and the power output command, the second power regulation demand of the power grid is determined, and this second power regulation demand is input into a constructed state prediction model of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit to obtain the predicted temperature value after the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit responds. Based on the temperature prediction value, the operating state of the liquid hydrogen superconducting magnetic energy storage device is analyzed, and based on the analysis results, the operation of the liquid hydrogen superconducting magnetic energy storage device is controlled. The control method of this application improves the overall safety performance of the device, can release the maximum energy storage resource space, minimizes unbalanced power in the power grid, has strong operational stability, and a long service life.

[0083] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different application targets: This patent is applicable to power regulation and stability maintenance of large-scale power grids, especially in scenarios requiring the balancing of fluctuating grid power, such as renewable energy grid integration, peak shaving and valley filling, or emergency power supply support. This application is mainly applicable to energy management systems, such as electric ships or stationary power applications, aiming to provide an efficient power and heat conversion solution. ② Different basic principles: This patent focuses on the operation control of liquid hydrogen superconducting magnetic energy storage devices. By acquiring grid power data in real time, it adjusts the output and operating status of the energy storage device to smooth grid power fluctuations and improve grid stability and device lifespan. This application focuses on the combination of hydrogen fuel cells and superconducting energy storage, improving energy conversion efficiency through the dual functions of liquid hydrogen (cooling and fuel supply). It proposes an optimized control strategy based on superconducting energy storage AC losses and fuel cell hydrogen consumption to reduce cooling and fuel costs in power supply and storage. The goal is to achieve efficient energy management through electrothermal integration. ③ The core content differs. This patent, based on a state prediction model and real-time control algorithm, combines liquid hydrogen and superconducting magnetic energy storage technology to achieve a high degree of integration between grid power regulation and device state monitoring, improving system stability and lifespan. It focuses more on the control optimization of the liquid hydrogen superconducting magnetic energy storage device to ensure its reliability and efficiency in grid regulation. This application proposes a novel energy integration scheme, utilizing the heat absorption of liquid hydrogen and the energy supply characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells to achieve efficient electrothermal conversion, and further reducing costs through optimization strategies. It emphasizes energy system design, focusing on solving the problem of efficient synergy between hydrogen fuel cells and superconducting energy storage.

[0084] Chinese Patent Application No.: CN202310815042.X, Patent Title: A Control Method for a Liquid Hydrogen Superconducting Co-existing Energy Storage System. The patent description states: This application discloses a control method for a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system, wherein the method includes: determining the system power and system capacity based on a simulated liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system; optimizing the system device design based on the system power and system capacity; establishing a full life-cycle cost model for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the system power, system capacity, and optimized device design; determining the grid frequency regulation benefits of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the system power, system capacity, and optimized device design; establishing a comprehensive benefit model for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the full life-cycle cost model and the grid frequency regulation benefits; and determining the economically optimal operating mode of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system through optimization, and controlling the system operation accordingly. This application provides reasonable evaluation and control of the system operation process, improving the operational economy of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system.

[0085] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different application targets: This patent is suitable for large-scale energy storage projects, especially those requiring grid frequency regulation, aiming to obtain maximum economic benefits through optimal design and operation strategies. This application is applicable to scenarios requiring efficient energy management, achieving highly integrated applications of electricity and heat energy (such as electric ships or stationary power systems). ② Different basic principles: This patent proposes a system-level optimization control method that integrates equipment design, operating costs, and grid benefits, achieving a balance between economy and performance based on a full life-cycle assessment. It finds the optimal solution for operation and design through modeling and solving, maximizing the global benefits of the system. This application designs a dual energy utilization (cooling and fuel supply) and optimization strategy to improve system energy utilization efficiency and reduce operating costs. It focuses on energy system optimization design, solving the problems of efficient collaboration and energy conversion between energy storage devices and fuel cells. ③ Different core content: This patent is dedicated to optimizing the design and operation of a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system to improve its economy and grid frequency regulation benefits, aiming to establish a comprehensive benefit model and find the economically optimal operating mode. It emphasizes full life-cycle optimization from system design to operation. This application aims to achieve efficient electrothermal integrated energy management by combining liquid hydrogen as both a cooling medium and a fuel supply with a hydrogen fuel cell and a superconducting energy storage coil. It proposes an optimized control strategy based on superconducting energy storage AC loss and fuel cell hydrogen consumption, focusing on optimizing energy conversion efficiency and reducing cooling and fuel costs.

[0086] This application aims to address the energy management issues of superconducting energy storage and hydrogen fuel cells based on the utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy. The process of supplying liquid hydrogen as fuel to a hydrogen fuel cell requires heating the liquid hydrogen with a heater to reach a suitable operating temperature. This heating process consumes a significant amount of heat, increasing additional energy consumption and reducing the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, superconducting energy storage requires cooling to maintain a suitable operating temperature. This application combines liquid hydrogen with superconducting energy storage cooling technology and constructs an efficient energy management strategy to optimize system energy utilization. Specifically, the superconducting energy storage coil is first cooled by liquid hydrogen, allowing the liquid hydrogen to absorb some heat. It is then further heated to reach the suitable input temperature for the hydrogen fuel cell. A dual-objective optimization strategy considering both superconducting energy storage AC losses and fuel cell hydrogen consumption is proposed, reducing superconducting energy storage AC losses while optimizing fuel cell hydrogen consumption. This approach not only significantly reduces energy consumption and improves the efficiency of liquid hydrogen conversion but also reduces the cooling costs of superconducting energy storage and the hydrogen consumption costs of the fuel cell.

[0087] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments. The computer device may be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 6 As shown, this computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides the environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The database stores data to be processed. The I / O interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communicating with external terminals via a network connection. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements an energy management method.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 6 The structures shown are merely block diagrams of some structures related to the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than shown in the figures, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0089] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0090] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An energy management method, characterized by, The method comprises: determining an AC loss prediction value according to parameters of the superconducting energy storage system based on an AC loss prediction model; wherein the AC loss comprises hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and cross-field loss; the AC loss prediction model is: wherein, is the energy loss per unit length of the period, i.e. hysteresis loss; is the vacuum permeability; is the critical current of the superconducting tape in the superconducting energy storage coil; is the amplitude of the applied alternating current; is the power loss per unit volume, i.e. eddy current loss; is the magnetic field amplitude; is the frequency; is the metal conductivity; is the metal thickness; is the loss per unit volume, i.e. cross-field loss; is the alternating magnetic field amplitude; is the coupling time constant; is the effective coupling length; determining a minimum total equivalent hydrogen consumption according to output power of the hydrogen fuel cell and charge-discharge power of the superconducting energy storage system based on an equivalent hydrogen consumption minimum strategy; the minimum total equivalent hydrogen consumption is: wherein, is the total equivalent hydrogen consumption; is the fuel cell instantaneous output power at time t; is the power input of the superconducting energy storage system at time t when in the charging state; is the fuel cell efficiency; is the superconducting energy storage system feedback efficiency; is the lower heating value of hydrogen; T is the total time; constructing a double-target optimization strategy considering AC loss of the superconducting energy storage and hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell according to the AC loss prediction value and the minimum total equivalent hydrogen consumption; controlling the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system to cooperatively supply power to the power utilization system according to the double-target optimization strategy based on demand of the power utilization system.

2. The energy management method of claim 1, wherein, The double-target optimization strategy is: min is the bi-objective optimization result of the minimum AC loss of superconducting energy storage and the minimum hydrogen consumption of fuel cell; w is the weight coefficient.

3. The energy management method of claim 2, wherein, a constraint function of the double-target optimization strategy is: wherein, is the braking energy and surge energy recovered by the superconducting energy storage; P sc and P fc is the output power of the superconducting energy storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell; is the load demand; L is the superconducting energy storage inductance; I is the superconducting energy storage current; t is the superconducting energy storage release time; V is the hydrogen fuel cell single cell voltage, F is the Faraday constant, is the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen molar flow.

4. The energy management method of claim 3, wherein, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system to cooperatively supply power to the power utilization system according to the double-target optimization strategy based on demand of the power utilization system, and the method further comprises: Utilizing and optimizing the double-target optimization strategy; wherein, is an iteration coefficient; is the output power of the superconducting energy storage system at k+1 moment; is the output power of the superconducting energy storage system at k moment.

5. A multi-source energy system, characterized by, The method comprises: sequentially connecting a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a vacuum Dewar, a first heater, a second heater, a hydrogen fuel cell, a power utilization system and an energy management module; the vacuum Dewar is provided with a superconducting energy storage system; the superconducting energy storage system comprises a superconducting energy storage coil and a cold shield; two liquid hydrogen pipelines are connected to an outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; liquid hydrogen in one of the liquid hydrogen pipelines is heated to a set temperature of the cold shield by the first heater to cool the cold shield, and liquid hydrogen in the other liquid hydrogen pipeline directly cools the superconducting energy storage coil; the second heater is used to heat hydrogen vapor and residual liquid hydrogen generated by cooling, and input the heated liquid hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell; the energy management module is used to execute the energy management method of any one of claims 1-4, construct a double-target optimization strategy considering AC loss of the superconducting energy storage and hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell, and control the hydrogen fuel cell and the superconducting energy storage system to cooperatively supply power to the power utilization system based on demand of the power utilization system.

6. The multi-source energy system of claim 5, wherein, The superconducting energy storage system further comprises a first cooling copper pipeline, a second cooling copper pipeline, a pull rod, a current lead and a vacuum pump; the first cooling copper pipeline is connected to the first heater; the second cooling copper pipeline is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through a flow valve; the pull rod is used to fix the superconducting energy storage coil in the cold shield; the current lead is used to connect the superconducting energy storage coil and the power utilization system; the vacuum pump is used to maintain a vacuum state inside the vacuum Dewar.

7. The multi-source energy system of claim 6, wherein, The first cooling copper pipeline and the second cooling copper pipeline converge at an outlet of the vacuum Dewar and are connected to the second heater.

8. A computer device comprising: A memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the energy management method of any one of claims 1-4.

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