Photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation methods, systems, procedures, products, equipment, and dielectrics

Abstract

This application relates to a method, system, program product, equipment, and medium for adjusting photovoltaic power generation efficiency, belonging to the field of photovoltaic power generation. The technical solution includes: determining the predicted temperature data of a photovoltaic panel without a waste heat absorption device at different times throughout the day; determining a temperature threshold based on the temperature prediction data; installing a waste heat absorption device on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, the waste heat absorption device including an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module; the atmospheric water collection module absorbs moisture from the air; based on the temperature threshold, the evaporation promotion module is installed; when the photovoltaic panel temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, the evaporation promotion module promotes the evaporation of the absorbed moisture, absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel, generates water vapor, and leads the water vapor to a low-temperature area to produce distilled water. This application can effectively absorb the waste heat generated by photothermal conversion on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reduce the adverse effects of photovoltaic waste heat on photoelectric conversion efficiency, improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and generate distilled water, realizing combined hydropower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation method, system, program product, equipment and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation offers advantages such as scalability, environmental friendliness, and stability. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels is limited by the waste heat generated during the photothermal conversion of solar energy. Therefore, effectively regulating the temperature of photovoltaic panels is crucial for improving photovoltaic power generation systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation method, system, program product, equipment, and medium.

[0004] Firstly, this application provides a method for adjusting photovoltaic power generation efficiency, including:

[0005] Determine the temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day;

[0006] Based on the temperature prediction data, determine the temperature threshold;

[0007] A waste heat absorption device is installed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel. The waste heat absorption device includes an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module.

[0008] The atmospheric water collection module absorbs moisture from the air;

[0009] The evaporation promotion module is configured according to the aforementioned temperature threshold.

[0010] When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, the evaporation promotion module promotes the evaporation of absorbed moisture and absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel.

[0011] The temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day on the forecast date includes:

[0012] Based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic output, the predicted output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were determined for different time periods throughout the day on the predicted date.

[0013] Based on historical temperature data, determine the temperature forecast data for different time periods throughout the forecast day;

[0014] according to Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

[0015] Optionally, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method further includes using... To determine the solar irradiance absorption rate of photovoltaic panels, among which, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. , and These represent the absorbance of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, respectively. , and These represent the proportions of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light in solar radiation, respectively.

[0016] Optionally, determining a temperature threshold based on the temperature prediction data includes:

[0017] Based on the temperature forecast data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the forecast day, and the power output forecast data at the same time, a power output temperature curve is fitted.

[0018] On the output temperature curve, the temperature corresponding to the point with the smallest slope is determined as the temperature threshold.

[0019] Optionally, a waste heat absorption device may be installed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, including:

[0020] Multiple capillary water tanks are set on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel. The atmospheric water collection module includes an atmospheric water collection device, which guides the water absorbed by the atmospheric water collection device into the multiple capillary water tanks. The evaporation promotion module includes a fan, which is set on one side of the multiple capillary water tanks.

[0021] Optionally, based on the temperature threshold, an evaporation promotion module is configured, including:

[0022] The evaporation promotion module also includes a controller and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is set on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the controller obtains the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel through the temperature sensor.

[0023] The controller compares the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel with the temperature threshold.

[0024] When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, the controller turns on the fan.

[0025] When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel is lower than the temperature threshold, the controller shuts down the fan.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment system, which includes a photovoltaic panel and a waste heat absorption device. The waste heat absorption device is disposed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel and includes an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module.

[0027] The atmospheric water collection module is used to absorb moisture from the air;

[0028] The evaporation promotion module is used to promote the evaporation of absorbed water when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, thereby absorbing heat from the photovoltaic panel through water evaporation; the temperature threshold is determined by temperature prediction data, which is the temperature prediction data of the photovoltaic panel without waste heat absorption device at different times of the day of the prediction.

[0029] The temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day on the forecast date includes:

[0030] Based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic output, the predicted output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were determined for different time periods throughout the day on the predicted date.

[0031] Based on historical temperature data, determine the temperature forecast data for different time periods throughout the forecast day;

[0032] according to Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

[0033] Thirdly, this application provides a method for predicting the temperature of a photovoltaic panel, including:

[0034] Based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic output, the predicted output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were determined for different time periods throughout the day on the predicted date.

[0035] Based on historical temperature data, determine the temperature forecast data for different time periods throughout the forecast day;

[0036] according to Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

[0037] Fourthly, this application provides a photovoltaic panel temperature prediction system, comprising:

[0038] The power output prediction module is used to determine the predicted power output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic power output.

[0039] The temperature forecast module is used to determine the temperature forecast data for different time periods throughout the day based on historical temperature data;

[0040] Photovoltaic panel temperature prediction module, used to predict the temperature of photovoltaic panels based on... Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

[0041] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method or photovoltaic panel temperature prediction method.

[0042] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method or photovoltaic panel temperature prediction method.

[0043] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, implement the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method or photovoltaic panel temperature prediction method.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following:

[0045] The photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method of this application is based on the temperature prediction data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day. Based on the temperature prediction data, a temperature threshold is determined, which can effectively adjust the temperature of the photovoltaic panel, absorb the waste heat generated by the photothermal conversion on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reduce the impact of the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel on the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0046] The photovoltaic panel temperature prediction method of this application, based on power output prediction data and air temperature prediction data, can predict the temperature of photovoltaic panels and provide data basis for photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment.

[0047] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description.

[0048] The technical solution of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present application to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a smart agriculture scenario under photovoltaic-hydropower cogeneration in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0054] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the following embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method, system, program product, device, and medium.

[0055] This application provides a method for adjusting photovoltaic power generation efficiency, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0056] Step S1: Determine the temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the day of the prediction date.

[0057] Photovoltaic power generation operates on a calendar day cycle. Therefore, acquiring relevant data for photovoltaic power generation across all time periods throughout a calendar day provides valuable reference for data from earlier days. Before implementing combined photovoltaic and hydropower generation, temperature forecasts are conducted for the calendar day on which the combined photovoltaic and hydropower generation will be implemented; this calendar day is the forecast date.

[0058] Temperature predictions were made for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day, resulting in temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day.

[0059] The temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day on the forecast date includes:

[0060] Based on historical data of solar irradiance and photovoltaic (PV) output, the predicted output data for PV panels without waste heat absorption devices are determined for different time periods throughout the predicted day. Since PV panels convert solar energy into electricity, the solar irradiance intensity and corresponding duration at different times of the predicted day are highly correlated with the PV panel output data. Based on historical irradiance data of the PV farm location, the changes in PV panel output data can be predicted. The temperature of the PV panels is affected not only by the waste heat generated during the solar energy absorption process but also by the air temperature of the PV farm location. Therefore, predicted air temperature data for different time periods throughout the predicted day is also required.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, based on historical irradiance and photovoltaic power output data, the predicted power output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices are determined for different time periods throughout the predicted day, including:

[0062] Collect historical irradiance data for locations of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices. Based on historical irradiance and photovoltaic output data, collect irradiance at multiple times and plot a daily irradiance curve with time and corresponding irradiance as coordinates. Based on the daily irradiance curve, determine the predicted irradiance value at time t on the predicted day.

[0063] Collect historical power output data of the same photovoltaic panels. Based on the historical power output data, collect the power output values ​​of the same photovoltaic panels at multiple times and plot the photovoltaic power output curve with the power output at time t as the coordinate system. Based on the photovoltaic power output curve, determine the fitted value of the photovoltaic power output at time t on the predicted day.

[0064] Align the solar irradiance curve and the photovoltaic power output curve along the time axis, that is, place them on the same time axis coordinate system, determine the predicted irradiance value and the fitted photovoltaic power output value at each time, and then determine the irradiance-power output ratio (the ratio of the predicted irradiance value and the fitted photovoltaic power output value) at each time, and plot the irradiance-power output ratio curve; based on the irradiance-power output ratio curve, determine the predicted irradiance-power output ratio at time t on the predicted day;

[0065] Input the irradiation prediction data into the irradiation prediction correction model The irradiance prediction correction value is obtained, where, I r,t To predict the irradiance forecast correction value at time t on a given day, I pr,t To predict the irradiance at time t on a given day, D t To predict the air particulate matter concentration at the photovoltaic power station at time t on a given day, τ is the irradiation correction parameter. erf This represents the Gaussian error function, which updates the irradiation correction parameters in the irradiation prediction correction model based on the prediction error. This application obtains the irradiation prediction value... I pr,t The methods are not limited and can include publicly available methods such as physical model-based prediction, statistical cloud time series regression analysis, and the combination of satellite cloud images and ground observations. The traditional physical model-based prediction process mainly involves simulating meteorological parameters (such as cloud movement and atmospheric turbulence) through atmospheric dynamic equations and combining them with geographic information to generate irradiance prediction values. I pr,t This application relates to obtaining predicted values ​​of airborne particulate matter concentrations. D t The method is not limited; laser scattering and micro-oscillation balance methods can be used. β Publicly available methods include radiation methods and weighing particulate matter after filtration through a filter membrane. Alternatively, sensors such as suspended particulate matter detectors can be used to obtain the value. The irradiation correction parameter τ is obtained through a posterior correction method; for example, an initial value is set initially, and then the irradiation prediction correction value is determined. I r,t If the error decreases, then change the irradiation correction parameter τ until the predicted irradiation value is achieved. I r,t The error becomes smaller.

[0066] The calculated photovoltaic output value at time t on the predicted day is determined based on the predicted correction value of irradiance and the predicted value of irradiance output ratio.

[0067] Based on the fitted value and calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day, the predicted value of photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day is determined.

[0068] In some specific embodiments, determining the predicted photovoltaic output value at time t on the predicted day includes the following steps: when the difference between the fitted value and the calculated value of the photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day exceeds a first threshold, the calculated value of the photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day is input into the output prediction correction model. The predicted photovoltaic power output at time t on the predicted day is obtained, where, P PV,t To predict the photovoltaic power output at time t on day t, P cPV,t To predict the calculated value of photovoltaic power output at time t on day 1, D t To predict the air particulate matter concentration at the photovoltaic power station at time t on a given day, θ To correct the output parameters, erf The Gaussian error function is used to update the output correction parameters in the output prediction correction model based on the prediction error. When the difference between the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day does not exceed a first threshold, the average of the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day is determined as the predicted value of photovoltaic output at time t on the predicted day. This application does not limit the calculated value of photovoltaic output. P cPV,t The method for obtaining the predicted value of air particulate matter concentration can be calculated using publicly available photovoltaic power output prediction methods. This application addresses the method for obtaining the predicted value of air particulate matter concentration. D t The method is not limited; laser scattering and micro-oscillation balance methods can be used. β Publicly available methods include X-ray diffraction and weighing after particulate matter filtration via a filter membrane. Alternatively, sensors such as suspended particulate matter detectors can be used to obtain the data. Output correction parameters. θ The values ​​are obtained through posterior correction, for example, by setting an initial value and then determining the predicted photovoltaic output value. P PV,t Check if the error has decreased; if not, change the irradiation correction parameters. θ Until the irradiance prediction correction value is achieved. P PV,t The error becomes smaller.

[0069] By comparing the fitted photovoltaic output value obtained from historical data with the calculated photovoltaic output value obtained from irradiation, a more accurate photovoltaic output prediction value can be obtained. Furthermore, by correcting the irradiation based on the concentration of air particulate matter, the calculated photovoltaic output value is more consistent with the actual situation and has better accuracy.

[0070] Based on historical temperature data, temperature forecasts for different time periods throughout the forecast day are determined.

[0071] according to Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The derivative. Referring to the temperature forecast data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the forecast day, it is easier to select or manufacture more suitable waste heat absorption devices when adjusting the photovoltaic panel temperature subsequently. Among them, Based on the law of conservation of energy and calculations using temperature sensor data, specifically, a spatial grid is divided outwards from the photovoltaic panel. A temperature sensor is installed in each spatial grid, forming a spatial matrix of temperature sensors. The temperature measured by each sensor represents the air temperature within the corresponding spatial grid. The temperature difference between each spatial grid and the atmosphere is calculated. If the temperature difference between the spatial grid and the atmosphere is less than the observation threshold, the temperature sensor is removed and the corresponding spatial grid is discarded. If the temperature difference between the spatial grid and the atmosphere reaches or exceeds the observation threshold, the temperature sensor and the corresponding spatial grid are retained. High-precision temperature probes with an accuracy of ±0.1~±0.5℃, such as platinum resistance temperature sensors, can be used. The temperature data from each retained temperature sensor and the predicted daily time period are then used as the basis for the calculation. Atmospheric temperature to determine the predicted daytime period The temperature difference between each spatial grid and the atmosphere is determined. Based on this temperature difference and the mass and specific heat capacity of the air within the spatial grid, the heat absorbed by the spatial grid is determined. The diurnal time period will then be predicted. The sum of heat absorbed by the photovoltaic panel within a defined spatial grid at its center is used as the photovoltaic panel's heat absorption during the predicted daily period. Heat transferred to the atmosphere .

[0072] Furthermore, to make the obtained photovoltaic panel temperature prediction data more accurate, more detailed influencing factors need to be considered, such as the photovoltaic panel's solar irradiance absorption rate.

[0073] In some specific embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method further includes... To determine the solar irradiance absorption rate of photovoltaic panels, among which, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. , and These represent the absorbance of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, respectively. , and These represent the proportions of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light in solar radiation, respectively.

[0074] Step S2: Determine the temperature threshold based on the temperature prediction data.

[0075] Based on the predicted daily temperature data, a temperature threshold is selected as the signal to turn waste heat absorption on or off.

[0076] In some specific embodiments, determining a temperature threshold based on the temperature prediction data includes:

[0077] Based on the temperature forecast data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day, and the power output forecast data for the same period, a power output-temperature curve is fitted. For example, in an orthogonal coordinate system, the horizontal axis represents temperature and the vertical axis represents power output. Based on the above temperature forecast data and power output forecast data, points are plotted in this coordinate system, and a power output-temperature curve is fitted.

[0078] On the output-temperature curve, the temperature corresponding to the point with the smallest slope is determined as the temperature threshold. The point with the smallest slope indicates that the output decreases most rapidly at that temperature, meaning that waste heat has the greatest impact on photovoltaic output at that temperature. Timely heat absorption and cooling are necessary to prevent the photovoltaic panel from reaching or exceeding this temperature. Therefore, the temperature corresponding to the point with the smallest slope is determined as the temperature threshold.

[0079] By selecting a temperature threshold as the signal to turn waste heat absorption on / off, we can reduce the adverse effects of waste heat on photovoltaic output, avoid excessive heat absorption and cooling of the waste heat absorption device, which would cause the photovoltaic panel temperature to drop too low, adversely affecting the power output and lifespan of the photovoltaic panel. Furthermore, when the waste heat absorption device requires electrical energy to maintain its operation, prolonged operation will consume more electrical energy, which will reduce the net output of the photovoltaic field.

[0080] Step S3: Install a waste heat absorption device on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel. The waste heat absorption device includes an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module. The atmospheric water collection module absorbs moisture from the air. According to the temperature threshold, the evaporation promotion module is set. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, the evaporation promotion module promotes the evaporation of the absorbed moisture and absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel.

[0081] Waste heat absorption devices can be equipped with either an integrated automatic control system or a temperature-sensitive material that switches between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The integrated automatic control system can flexibly set start / stop signals based on temperature thresholds, but it requires electrical power to operate. The temperature-sensitive material with hydrophilic / hydrophobic switching properties does not require electrical power and has promising application prospects.

[0082] If an automatic control integrated device is selected for waste heat absorption, in some specific embodiments, a waste heat absorption device is installed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, including:

[0083] Multiple capillary water tanks are arranged on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel. The atmospheric water collection module includes an atmospheric water collection device that guides the water absorbed by the atmospheric water collection device into the multiple capillary water tanks. The evaporation promotion module includes a fan, which is positioned on one side of the multiple capillary water tanks. With the development of atmospheric water collection technology, various atmospheric water collection devices are currently available, and any existing atmospheric water collection device can be used to absorb water. The structure of the capillary water tanks can effectively retain water.

[0084] Furthermore, in some specific embodiments, an evaporation promotion module is configured according to the temperature threshold, including:

[0085] The evaporation promotion module also includes a controller and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is set on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the controller obtains the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel through the temperature sensor. The controller compares the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel with a temperature threshold. When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, the controller turns on the fan. When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel is lower than the temperature threshold, the controller turns off the fan.

[0086] The aforementioned automatic control integrated device operates on a power supply, representing one form of waste heat absorption device. The function of the waste heat absorption device is to set up an evaporation promotion module based on the stated temperature threshold. When the photovoltaic panel temperature exceeds the threshold, the evaporation promotion module promotes the evaporation of absorbed moisture, absorbing heat from the photovoltaic panel and generating water vapor. Other forms of waste heat absorption devices can also be used as long as the above function is achieved. In some specific embodiments, the atmospheric water collection module of the waste heat absorption device includes a moisture-absorbing gel layer. The moisture-absorbing gel layer absorbs moisture from the air, and the waste heat absorption device absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel through this layer, reducing the temperature rise of the photovoltaic panel.

[0087] Furthermore, in some specific embodiments, an evaporation promotion module is set according to the temperature threshold, including: selecting a temperature-sensitive material whose hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic transition temperature differs from the temperature threshold by no more than a preset value; and setting the temperature-sensitive material in the atmospheric water collection module and the evaporation promotion module respectively.

[0088] Furthermore, in some specific embodiments, the hygroscopic gel layer or the temperature-sensitive material includes: PNIPAM LiCl gel. PNIPAM LiCl gel is a composite functional material combining the temperature-sensitive polymer PNIPAM (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide) and lithium salt (LiCl). It possesses characteristics of temperature responsiveness, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability, exhibiting excellent hygroscopicity and cost-effectiveness. The lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM is approximately 32-36°C, and its phase transition behavior (swelling → shrinkage) can be regulated by introducing LiCl. The introduction of lithium ions alters the hydrogen bond network or ionic interactions of the polymer chains, broadening or fine-tuning the LCST range. For example, the salting-out effect of LiCl may enhance hydrophobic interactions, lower the LCST, and achieve a more sensitive temperature response. Below the LCST, PNIPAM segments remain extended and swollen due to hydrogen bonding between the amide groups and water molecules, exhibiting hydrophilicity; above the LCST, the hydrophobic isopropyl groups dominate, and the chain segments shrink to form compact colloidal particles, exhibiting hydrophobicity.

[0089] Therefore, when the minimum critical dissolution temperature of PNIPAM LiCl gel differs from the temperature threshold by no more than a preset value (the preset value can be 1 to 2), PNIPAM LiCl gel is respectively placed in the atmospheric water collection module and the evaporation promotion module. This allows PNIPAM LiCl gel to become hydrophobic and release water when the photovoltaic panel temperature exceeds the temperature threshold. The evaporation promotion module promotes the evaporation of the absorbed water, absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel, and generates water vapor. When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel is lower than the temperature threshold, PNIPAM LiCl gel becomes hydrophilic and absorbs moisture from the air.

[0090] The method for preparing PNIPAM LiCl gel includes: adding 60 mg MBAA (N,N-methylenebisacrylamide) and 600 mg NIPAM to 20 mL of deionized water (DI water), stirring the mixture with a thermostatic magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes to ensure complete dissolution, and then introducing nitrogen gas for 10 minutes to prevent oxidation. Subsequently, 20 μL of TEMED (tetramethylethylenediamine) and 1 mL of APS (ammonium persulfate) are added to initiate the polymerization reaction of the suspension. The container is sealed at 4 °C and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The sample is thoroughly rinsed with deionized water to remove residual reagents or impurities, such as unreacted crosslinking agents, initiators, and accelerators. The sample is dried in a cold desiccator at -60 °C for 24 hours to obtain a LiCl-free gel. The gel is then immersed in 250 mg / mL of DI water. -1 The PNIPAM LiCl gel was obtained by repeatedly freezing it in a LiCl solution for 24 hours.

[0091] Water vapor is drawn out to a low temperature to produce distilled water. For example... Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments, a waste heat absorption device is provided on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the device further includes:

[0092] The upper edge of the hydrophilic fabric is connected to the moisture-absorbing gel layer, while the lower edge of the hydrophilic fabric contacts seawater. Waste heat is transferred downwards via heat conduction, absorbed by the hydrophilic fabric and the moisture-absorbing gel. Subsequently, the moisture-absorbing material evaporates moisture due to heating; this evaporation phase change cools the photovoltaic panel, eliminating the adverse effects of waste heat on the photovoltaic panel's power. Water vapor condenses into water droplets in the greenhouse below, enabling the production of fresh water for irrigating greenhouse plants. At night, the moisture-absorbing gel absorbs water molecules from the surrounding air.

[0093] The effectiveness of the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment methods was tested. Indoor adsorption-desorption tests were conducted using a solar simulator (CME-sol8050) equipped with a standard AM 1.5G spectral filter. Solar power meter measured light intensity, while thermocouples and an infrared camera monitored the photovoltaic panel temperature at room temperature (25.0°C). Outdoor experiments were conducted from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Solar intensity was recorded using a solar meter (TES132).

[0094] Compression tests were performed on the hygroscopic gel using a tensile bending tester (Instron 5900). The morphology of the hygroscopic gel and hydrophilic fabric was determined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Zeiss Sigma 360) operating at 5 kV. The absorbance of the photovoltaic panel was measured by UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy (Lamda 950). The water contact angle (WCA) was verified using an optical goniometer (OSA200-B). Thermal imaging characterization was performed using an infrared camera (FLIR E8). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements of the photovoltaic panel were performed using a dual-electrode system on an electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua, CHI 760E). The purity of the treated water was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent 8900).

[0095] In photovoltaic (PV) power generation equipment, carrier density and electrostatic potential can be determined using the continuity equation. By solving this equation under different voltage boundary conditions, the PV curve of the photovoltaic cell can be obtained. The output efficiency of the photovoltaic panel can then be calculated. and output power :

[0096]

[0097] in and These are the voltage and short-circuit current of the photovoltaic panel. and This indicates the maximum output power and efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. It is solar radiation density. This represents the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel's light-receiving surface. Furthermore, the heat transfer equation for the photovoltaic panel and waste heat absorption device during heat and mass transfer can be expressed as:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] in It is thermal conductivity. This indicates the area of ​​the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the duration of light exposure. This indicates the amount of heat absorbed by the photovoltaic panel. This indicates the radiative heat loss of the photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment system. It is the heat transported by heat mass. This refers to the convective heat loss in the photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation system. Evaporation efficiency is the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization from liquid to vapor to the total incident solar flux.

[0101]

[0102] In the formula For evaporation efficiency, For changes in the quality of photovoltaic-hydropower cogeneration, The total enthalpy of the heat transfer and phase change module. For the test time, It is solar radiation density. The area of ​​the photovoltaic panel's light-receiving surface is equal to the evaporation area of ​​the photovoltaic panel's back surface. . It is the steam temperature of the evaporating surface.

[0103] Below 25°C, the hygroscopic gel exhibits a viscosity of 0.92 to 3.91 gg at relative humidities ranging from 30% to 90%. -1 Significant water absorption rate. Thermocouples and infrared cameras were used to monitor surface temperature changes in the photovoltaic panel. In the presence of the waste heat absorption device, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel decreased by approximately 21.6°C, significantly reducing the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel. Figure 2 In the photovoltaic-hydropower cogeneration scenario shown, when water vapor cools and liquefies or flows directly into the soil to irrigate plants via gravity, the evaporation rate increases with increasing solar density, which perfectly aligns with the relationship between crop water requirements and light intensity. The conductivity of the purified seawater is 9246.2 μS·cm. -1 Decreased to 9.2 μS·cm -1 The typical ion concentrations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and salinity of seawater are significantly reduced, making it suitable for agricultural irrigation.

[0104] The method described in this embodiment is based on the temperature prediction data of a photovoltaic panel without a waste heat absorption device at different times throughout the day. Based on the temperature prediction data, a temperature threshold is determined, which can effectively regulate the temperature of the photovoltaic panel, absorb the waste heat generated by the photothermal conversion on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reduce the impact of the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel on the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0105] Those skilled in the art can change the above order without departing from the scope of protection of this application.

[0106] Another embodiment of this application provides a photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment system. The device includes a photovoltaic panel and a waste heat absorption device. The waste heat absorption device is disposed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel and includes an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module. The atmospheric water collection module is used to absorb moisture from the air. The evaporation promotion module is used to promote the evaporation of absorbed moisture when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds a temperature threshold. The evaporation of moisture absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel and generates water vapor. The temperature threshold is determined by temperature prediction data, which is the temperature prediction data of the photovoltaic panel without a waste heat absorption device at different times of the day. The device exhausts the water vapor to a low temperature to generate distilled water.

[0107] The specific implementation of the photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment system in the above embodiments has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0108] The photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment system in this embodiment is based on the temperature prediction data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day. Based on the temperature prediction data, a temperature threshold is determined, which can effectively adjust the temperature of the photovoltaic panels, absorb the waste heat generated by the photothermal conversion on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, reduce the impact of the waste heat of the photovoltaic panels on the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0109] Another embodiment of this application provides a method for predicting the temperature of a photovoltaic panel, including:

[0110] Based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic power output, the predicted power output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day were determined.

[0111] Based on historical temperature data, determine the temperature forecast data for different time periods throughout the forecast day;

[0112] according to Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

[0113] The photovoltaic panel temperature prediction method of this application, based on power output prediction data and air temperature prediction data, can predict the temperature of photovoltaic panels and provide data basis for photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment.

[0114] Another embodiment of this application provides a photovoltaic panel temperature prediction system, including:

[0115] The power output prediction module is used to determine the predicted power output data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the day based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic power output.

[0116] The temperature forecast module is used to determine the temperature forecast data for different time periods throughout the day based on historical temperature data;

[0117] Photovoltaic panel temperature prediction module, used to predict the temperature of photovoltaic panels based on... Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

[0118] The photovoltaic panel temperature prediction system of this application, based on power output prediction data and air temperature prediction data, can predict the temperature of photovoltaic panels, providing data basis for adjusting photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation method. The aforementioned computer program product processes data in the photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation method and controls the apparatus in the photovoltaic power generation efficiency regulation method.

[0120] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 3As shown, it includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method.

[0121] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation efficiency adjustment method.

[0122] Any modifications, additions, and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of this application shall still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of this application.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, characterized in that, include: Determine the temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day, including: determining the output forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day based on historical irradiance and photovoltaic output data; determining the temperature forecast data for different times throughout the forecast day based on historical temperature data; and performing energy analysis based on the output forecast data and temperature forecast data for different times throughout the forecast day to obtain the temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day. The process involves determining the predicted output data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the predicted day, based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic output. This includes: collecting historical irradiance data for the location of the photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices; collecting irradiance data at multiple times based on the historical irradiance and photovoltaic output data; plotting a daily irradiance curve with the irradiance at time t as the coordinate system; determining the predicted irradiance value at time t on the predicted day based on the daily irradiance curve; collecting historical output data for the same photovoltaic panels; collecting the output values ​​of the same photovoltaic panels at multiple times based on the historical output data; plotting a photovoltaic output curve with the output at time t as the coordinate system; and determining the predicted irradiance value at time t on the predicted day based on the photovoltaic output curve. Photovoltaic power output fitting value; Align the daily irradiance curve and the photovoltaic power output curve along the time axis, determine the predicted irradiance value and the fitted photovoltaic power output value at each moment, and then determine the ratio of the predicted irradiance value and the fitted photovoltaic power output value at each moment, and plot the irradiance-power output ratio curve; Based on the irradiance-power output ratio curve, determine the predicted irradiance-power ratio at time t of the predicted day; Input the irradiance prediction data into the irradiance prediction correction model to obtain the irradiance prediction correction value at time t of the predicted day; Based on the irradiance prediction correction value and the predicted irradiance-power ratio at time t of the predicted day, determine the calculated photovoltaic power output at time t of the predicted day; Based on the fitted photovoltaic power output value and the calculated photovoltaic power output value at time t of the predicted day, determine the predicted photovoltaic power output at time t of the predicted day. Specifically, the process of determining the predicted photovoltaic output value at time t based on the fitted value and calculated value of photovoltaic output on the predicted day includes: when the difference between the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t exceeds a first threshold, the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t is input into the output prediction correction model to obtain the predicted value of photovoltaic output at time t; when the difference between the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t does not exceed the first threshold, the average of the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t is determined as the predicted value of photovoltaic output at time t. Based on the temperature prediction data, determine the temperature threshold; A waste heat absorption device is installed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel. The waste heat absorption device includes an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module. The atmospheric water collection module absorbs moisture from the air; The evaporation promotion module is configured according to the aforementioned temperature threshold. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, the evaporation promotion module promotes the evaporation of absorbed moisture and absorbs heat from the photovoltaic panel.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the power output forecast data and temperature forecast data for different times of the forecast day, energy analysis is performed to obtain the temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the forecast day, including: according to Temperature prediction data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices were obtained at different times throughout the forecast day. This indicates that photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices will be affected during the predicted time period. Temperature forecast data, Indicates time period Temperature forecast data, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates time period Solar irradiance, Indicates the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel that receives light. Indicates time, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. The power output forecast data, Indicates the photovoltaic panels during the forecast period. Heat conducted into the atmosphere, Indicates the quality of photovoltaic panels. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the photovoltaic panel. Indicates the integral symbol, express The differential.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency adjustment method also includes using... To determine the solar irradiance absorption rate of photovoltaic panels, among which, Indicates the solar irradiance absorption rate of the photovoltaic panel. , and These represent the absorbance of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, respectively. , and These represent the proportions of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light in solar radiation, respectively.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the temperature prediction data, a temperature threshold is determined, including: Based on the temperature forecast data of photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times of the forecast day, and the power output forecast data at the same time, a power output temperature curve is fitted. On the output temperature curve, the temperature corresponding to the point with the smallest slope is determined as the temperature threshold.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A waste heat absorption device is installed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, including: Multiple capillary water tanks are set on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel. The atmospheric water collection module includes an atmospheric water collection device, which guides the water absorbed by the atmospheric water collection device into the multiple capillary water tanks. The evaporation promotion module includes a fan, which is set on one side of the multiple capillary water tanks.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned temperature threshold, an evaporation promotion module is configured, including: The evaporation promotion module also includes a controller and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is set on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the controller obtains the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel through the temperature sensor. The controller compares the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel with the temperature threshold. When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, the controller turns on the fan. When the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel is lower than the temperature threshold, the controller shuts down the fan.

7. A photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency adjustment system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency adjustment system includes a photovoltaic panel and a waste heat absorption device. The waste heat absorption device is installed on the back surface of the photovoltaic panel and includes an atmospheric water collection module and an evaporation promotion module. The atmospheric water collection module is used to absorb moisture from the air; The evaporation promotion module is used to promote the evaporation of absorbed water when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the temperature threshold, thereby absorbing heat from the photovoltaic panel through water evaporation; the temperature threshold is determined by temperature prediction data, which is the temperature prediction data of the photovoltaic panel without waste heat absorption device at different times of the day of the prediction. Determine the temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day, including: determining the output forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day based on historical irradiance and photovoltaic output data; determining the temperature forecast data for different times throughout the forecast day based on historical temperature data; and performing energy analysis based on the output forecast data and temperature forecast data for different times throughout the forecast day to obtain the temperature forecast data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the forecast day. The process involves determining the predicted output data for photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices at different times throughout the predicted day, based on historical data of irradiance and photovoltaic output. This includes: collecting historical irradiance data for the location of the photovoltaic panels without waste heat absorption devices; collecting irradiance data at multiple times based on the historical irradiance and photovoltaic output data; plotting a daily irradiance curve with the irradiance at time t as the coordinate system; determining the predicted irradiance value at time t on the predicted day based on the daily irradiance curve; collecting historical output data for the same photovoltaic panels; collecting the output values ​​of the same photovoltaic panels at multiple times based on the historical output data; plotting a photovoltaic output curve with the output at time t as the coordinate system; and determining the predicted irradiance value at time t on the predicted day based on the photovoltaic output curve. Photovoltaic power output fitting value; Align the daily irradiance curve and the photovoltaic power output curve along the time axis, determine the predicted irradiance value and the fitted photovoltaic power output value at each moment, and then determine the ratio of the predicted irradiance value and the fitted photovoltaic power output value at each moment, and plot the irradiance-power output ratio curve; Based on the irradiance-power output ratio curve, determine the predicted irradiance-power ratio at time t of the predicted day; Input the irradiance prediction data into the irradiance prediction correction model to obtain the irradiance prediction correction value at time t of the predicted day; Based on the irradiance prediction correction value and the predicted irradiance-power ratio at time t of the predicted day, determine the calculated photovoltaic power output at time t of the predicted day; Based on the fitted photovoltaic power output value and the calculated photovoltaic power output value at time t of the predicted day, determine the predicted photovoltaic power output at time t of the predicted day. Specifically, determining the predicted photovoltaic output value at time t based on the fitted value and calculated value of photovoltaic output on the predicted day includes: when the difference between the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t exceeds a first threshold, inputting the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t into the output prediction correction model to obtain the predicted value of photovoltaic output at time t; when the difference between the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t does not exceed the first threshold, determining the average of the fitted value and the calculated value of photovoltaic output at time t as the predicted value of photovoltaic output at time t.

8. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, implement the photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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