Method for calculating channel time delay compensation value of large-aperture antenna adopting near-field coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calculating a channel time delay compensation value of a large-aperture antenna adopting near-field coupling, and the method comprises the steps: setting a calibration antenna on a main reflection surface of each antenna in an antenna array, and building a downlink channel time delay test loop and an uplink channel time delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array; obtaining a downlink loop time delay and an uplink loop time delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink channel time delay test loop and the uplink channel time delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array; obtaining a channel time delay compensation value of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink loop time delay and the uplink loop time delay of each antenna in the antenna array; the channel time delay compensation value comprises relative downlink channel time delay and relative uplink channel time delay. According to the invention, a far-field calibration tower of an antenna array system does not need to be established, the signal delay requirement of the antenna calibration channel can be met, and the system design is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a method for calculating a channel delay compensation value of a large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling. Background Art

[0002] Antenna arrays combine signals from multiple antennas to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of received or transmitted signals. Due to their flexibility and low engineering cost, antenna arrays have gained increasing attention in deep space exploration in recent years, becoming a hot area of ​​research for novel antenna systems.

[0003] A crucial technical challenge in implementing antenna arrays is calibrating the signal delays of the uplink and downlink channels of each antenna in the array. Traditionally, antenna channel delay calibration is accomplished by building a far-field calibration tower and looping back signals from the calibration antenna on the tower to calibrate the signal delays of each antenna in the array. However, for large-aperture deep-space antennas, building a far-field calibration tower is difficult to implement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to realize the array of deep space large-aperture antennas, according to the characteristics of deep space large-aperture antennas, this application provides a calibration method for the channel delay of large-aperture antennas using near-field coupling, and uses the near-field coupling method on the main reflection aperture of the antenna to form a signal loop to measure the channel delay of deep space large-aperture antennas.

[0005] The present application discloses a method for calculating a channel delay compensation value of a large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling, which includes:

[0006] Step 1: Set up a calibration antenna on the main reflector of each antenna in the antenna array, and establish a downlink channel delay test loop and an uplink channel delay test loop for each antenna in the antenna array;

[0007] Step 2: Obtain the downlink loop delay and uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink channel delay test loop and the uplink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0008] Step 3: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array based on the downlink loop delay and uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array; the channel delay compensation value includes a relative downlink channel delay and a relative uplink channel delay.

[0009] Furthermore, the step 1 includes:

[0010] Place the calibration antenna on the main reflective surface of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0011] For each antenna in the antenna array, the downlink channel calibration signal emitted by the channel delay measurement instrument is sent out by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna. The emitted downlink channel calibration signal is reflected by the main reflector of the antenna to the secondary reflector of the antenna, and then reflected by the secondary reflector of the antenna. After entering the feed port of the antenna, it is looped back to the channel delay measurement instrument through the downlink RF channel of the antenna, thereby establishing the downlink channel delay test loop of the antenna.

[0012] For each antenna in the antenna array, the uplink channel calibration signal emitted by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna is sent out by the channel delay measuring instrument. The emitted uplink channel calibration signal passes through the uplink RF channel of the antenna, reaches the secondary reflector of the antenna through the feed port of the antenna, enters the main reflector of the antenna after being emitted by the secondary reflector of the antenna, and returns to the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna through the reflection loop of the main reflector of the antenna, thereby establishing the uplink channel delay test loop of the antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, the step 2 includes:

[0014] The sum of the calibrated uplink delay corresponding to the downlink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array, the delay of the channel delay calibration instrument itself, and the downlink channel delay is used as the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0015] The sum of the calibrated downlink delay corresponding to the uplink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array, the delay of the channel delay calibration instrument itself, and the uplink channel delay is used as the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0017] Place the calibration antenna at multiple calibration points on the main reflection surface of each antenna in the antenna array, and obtain the downlink loop delay corresponding to the multiple calibration points of each antenna in the antenna array according to the method in step 2. Then, average all the obtained downlink loop delays and use the average value as the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0018] Place the calibration antenna at multiple calibration points on the main reflection surface of each antenna in the antenna array. According to the method in step 2, obtain the uplink loop delay corresponding to the multiple calibration points of each antenna in the antenna array. Then, calculate the average value of all the obtained uplink loop delays and use the average value as the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0019] Furthermore, the step 3 includes:

[0020] Step 31: Obtain the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0021] Step 32: Obtain the relative structural delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the distance from the phase center of each antenna in the antenna array to the antenna aperture;

[0022] Step 33: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array according to the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array and the prior structure delay.

[0023] Furthermore, the step 31 includes:

[0024] For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the downlink loop delay of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum downlink loop delay of all antennas in the antenna array. The result of the subtraction is used as the relative downlink path delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative downlink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array is obtained.

[0025] Furthermore, the step 32 includes:

[0026] For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, subtract the distance from the phase center of antenna k to the antenna aperture of antenna k from the minimum distance from the phase center of all antennas in the antenna array to their antenna apertures. The ratio of this subtraction result to the speed of light is used as the relative structural delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative structural delay of all antennas in the antenna array is obtained.

[0027] The step 33 includes:

[0028] The sum of the relative structural delay and the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is used as the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0029] Furthermore, the step 3 further includes:

[0030] Step 301: Obtaining a relative uplink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0031] Step 302: Obtain the relative structural delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the distance from the phase center of each antenna in the antenna array to the antenna aperture;

[0032] Step 303: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array according to the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array and the prior structure delay.

[0033] Furthermore, the step 301 includes:

[0034] For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the uplink loop delay of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum uplink loop delay of all antennas in the antenna array. The result of the subtraction is used as the relative uplink path delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative uplink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array is obtained.

[0035] Furthermore, step 302 includes:

[0036] For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, subtract the distance from the phase center of antenna k to the antenna aperture of antenna k from the minimum distance from the phase center of all antennas in the antenna array to their antenna apertures. The ratio of this subtraction result to the speed of light is used as the relative structural delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative structural delay of all antennas in the antenna array is obtained.

[0037] The step 303 includes:

[0038] The sum of the relative structural delay and the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is taken as the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0039] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, this application has the following advantages:

[0040] 1. Solve the problem of channel delay calibration for large-aperture antennas. This application establishes a calibration link on the main reflector surface of the antenna and calculates the uplink and downlink channel delays of each antenna in the antenna array by detecting the relative signal delay of the channels of each antenna in the antenna array. This ensures the design requirements of the antenna array signal synthesis and solves a key problem in antenna array system design.

[0041] 2. Simple implementation, low resource usage, and reduced system design costs. This application does not require complex circuits and is relatively simple to implement. This application only uses existing system equipment and does not require the construction of an antenna calibration tower. Instead, it only requires the establishment of a calibration link on the main reflector port of the antenna. The antenna channel delay calibration method is implemented through a software algorithm, facilitating automated operation and reducing system design costs.

[0042] 3. This application is easy and quick to operate, facilitating system design. This application has a simple operation process, which can quantify the system design indicators of the antenna array to each level of the processing unit, and conduct step-by-step testing in a hierarchical comparison manner, facilitating the location and troubleshooting of problems in the engineering practice of the antenna array.

[0043] 4. The method proposed in this application is simple, reliable and easy to implement. It can meet the needs of large-aperture antenna channel delay calibration in engineering practice. Using this method, a deep-space large-aperture antenna array system that meets the index requirements can be designed in engineering practice.

[0044] 5. The present application proposes a method for calibrating the channel delay of a large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling, which aims to provide a simple, reliable and easy-to-implement method for calibrating the signal delay of the uplink and downlink channels of a deep-space large-aperture antenna. This method does not require any additional external equipment, making it easy to design a deep-space large-aperture antenna array system that meets the index requirements in engineering practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna calibrating a signal using a far-field calibration tower in the prior art;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a deep space large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling to calibrate signal channel delay in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present application of a deep space large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling to calibrate signal channel delay;

[0049] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the phase center of a single antenna in an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the phase center of a single antenna in another antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the calibration of the distance between the phase center and the antenna aperture of a single antenna in the antenna array embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present application is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application.

[0053] Signal synthesis in an antenna array typically utilizes delay compensation to align the signal delays of each antenna in the array to a common reference point, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the received or transmitted signal. The signal delay of each antenna in the array consists of two components: the signal delay along the spatial path and the signal delay in the antenna's own uplink and downlink paths. Therefore, a key technical challenge in antenna array implementation is how to calibrate the signal delays in the uplink and downlink paths of each antenna in the array. A key aspect of signal delay calibration lies in forming a signal loop to calibrate the loop delay of the signal. In engineering implementation, this is typically accomplished by constructing a far-field calibration tower and using a calibration antenna to loop back the signal to measure the antenna's uplink and downlink signal delays. However, for large-aperture deep-space antennas, the long distances required for far-field conditions make the construction of a far-field calibration tower often difficult to implement.

[0054] See Figure 1 When using the calibration antenna on the calibration tower to calibrate the antenna signal, the distance between the calibration tower and the antenna to be calibrated must meet the far-field condition. When the far-field condition is met, the signal transmitted between the calibration antenna and the antenna can be considered as a parallel wave. Figure 1 As shown, calculate the distance L of the antenna far field condition 远场 The formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Where f is the signal frequency, R is the antenna aperture, and c is the speed of light. When implemented in engineering, the distance L between the calibration tower and the antenna to be calibrated must satisfy L ≥ L 远场 conditions.

[0057] For a deep space large aperture antenna with an aperture of 25 meters, assuming that its signal frequency is f = 3·10 9 Hz. Applying formula (1), the far-field condition of the antenna is:

[0058] L 远场 =26.1 km

[0059] That is to say, if a calibration tower is to be built to calibrate a deep-space large-aperture antenna with a diameter of 25 meters, the calibration tower must be built 26.1 kilometers away. This distance is far beyond the visual range of optical instruments and is obviously difficult to implement in engineering.

[0060] See also Figure 1 In response to the engineering requirements of deep space large-aperture antenna arrays, this application provides an embodiment of a method for calculating the channel delay compensation value of a large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling, which includes:

[0061] Step 1: Set up a calibration antenna on the main reflector of each antenna in the antenna array, and establish a downlink channel delay test loop and an uplink channel delay test loop for each antenna in the antenna array;

[0062] Optionally, a calibration antenna is placed on a main reflecting surface of each antenna of the antenna array;

[0063] For each antenna in the antenna array, the downlink channel calibration signal emitted by the channel delay measurement instrument is sent out by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna. The emitted downlink channel calibration signal is reflected by the main reflector of the antenna to the secondary reflector of the antenna, and then reflected by the secondary reflector of the antenna. After entering the feed port of the antenna, it is looped back to the channel delay measurement instrument through the downlink RF channel of the antenna, thereby establishing the downlink channel delay test loop of the antenna.

[0064] For each antenna in the antenna array, the uplink channel calibration signal emitted by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna is sent out by the channel delay measuring instrument. The emitted uplink channel calibration signal passes through the uplink RF channel of the antenna, reaches the secondary reflector of the antenna through the feed port of the antenna, enters the main reflector of the antenna after being emitted by the secondary reflector of the antenna, and returns to the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna through the reflection loop of the main reflector of the antenna, thereby establishing the uplink channel delay test loop of the antenna.

[0065] Specifically, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 For deep space large-aperture antennas, the signal channel delay of the antenna can be measured by using near-field coupling on the main reflector of the antenna. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, for each antenna in the antenna array, the channel delay measurement instrument transmits a downlink channel calibration signal which is sent by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna. The signal is reflected by the main reflector to the secondary reflector of the antenna, and then reflected by the secondary reflector, passes through the feed port of the antenna and loops back to the channel delay measurement instrument through the downlink channel, thereby establishing a downlink channel delay test loop.

[0066] Step 2: Obtain the downlink loop delay and uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink channel delay test loop and the uplink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0067] Optionally, the sum of the calibrated uplink delay corresponding to the downlink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array, the delay of the channel delay calibration instrument itself, and the downlink channel delay is used as the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0068] The sum of the calibrated downlink delay corresponding to the uplink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array, the delay of the channel delay calibration instrument itself, and the uplink channel delay is used as the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0069] Specifically, see Figure 2 , the measured downlink loop delay Δt of antenna k k_1 Includes calibrated uplink delay Δτ 1_1 , the channel delay calibration instrument's own delay Δτ 1_2 , and the downlink channel delay Δt′ of antenna k k_1 Similarly, for antenna k, by establishing an uplink channel delay test loop, the uplink loop delay Δt of the antenna can be measured. k_2 , which includes the calibration downlink delay Δτ 2_1 , channel delay calibration instrument's own delay Δτ 2_2 And the delay Δt′ of the signal uplink channel of antenna k k_2 .that is:

[0070]

[0071] Wherein, the subscript k=1, 2, ... n represents the kth antenna among the n antennas in the array.

[0072] Optionally, it also includes:

[0073] Place the calibration antenna at multiple calibration points on the main reflection surface of each antenna in the antenna array, and obtain the downlink loop delay corresponding to the multiple calibration points of each antenna in the antenna array according to the method in step 2. Then, average all the obtained downlink loop delays and use the average value as the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0074] Place the calibration antenna at multiple calibration points on the main reflection surface of each antenna in the antenna array. According to the method in step 2, obtain the uplink loop delay corresponding to the multiple calibration points of each antenna in the antenna array. Then, calculate the average value of all the obtained uplink loop delays and use the average value as the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0075] Specifically, in order to improve the accuracy of delay calibration, the channel delay calibration of antenna near-field coupling also needs to adopt the method of multi-point calibration and averaging. Figure 3 As shown, place the calibration antennas at the calibration points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H on the main reflector of the antenna labeled k, and follow the Figure 2 The method shown is used to calibrate the downlink loop delay Δt k_1_A ,Δt k_1_B ,Δtk_1_C ,Δt k_1_D ,Δt k_1_E ,Δt k_1_F ,Δt k_1_G ,Δt k_1_H and uplink loop delay Δt k_2_A ,Δt k_2_B ,Δt k_2_C ,Δt k_2_D ,Δt k_2_E ,Δt k_2_F ,Δt k_2_G ,Δt k_2_H Finally, calculate the downlink loop delay Δt of antenna numbered k k_1 and uplink loop delay Δt k_2 for:

[0076]

[0077] Step 3: Obtain channel delay compensation for each antenna in the antenna array based on the downlink loop delay and uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0078] Optionally, step 3 includes steps 31 to 33:

[0079] Step 31: Obtain the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0080] Specifically, for any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the downlink loop delay of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum downlink loop delay of all antennas in the antenna array. The result of the subtraction is used as the relative downlink channel delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is obtained.

[0081] Step 32: Obtain the relative structural delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the distance from the phase center of each antenna in the antenna array to the antenna aperture;

[0082] Specifically, for any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the distance from the phase center of antenna k to the antenna aperture of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum distance from the phase center of all antennas in the antenna array to their antenna apertures. The ratio of the subtraction result to the speed of light is used as the relative structural delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative structural delay of all antennas in the antenna array is obtained.

[0083] Step 33: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array according to the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array and the prior structure delay.

[0084] Specifically, the sum of the relative structural delay and the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is used as the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0085] The step 3 further includes steps 301 to 303:

[0086] Step 301: Obtaining a relative uplink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array;

[0087] Specifically, for any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the uplink loop delay of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum uplink loop delay of all antennas in the antenna array. The result of the subtraction is used as the relative uplink channel delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is obtained.

[0088] Step 302: Obtain the relative structural delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the distance from the phase center of each antenna in the antenna array to the antenna aperture;

[0089] Specifically, for any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the distance from the phase center of antenna k to the antenna aperture of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum distance from the phase center of all antennas in the antenna array to their antenna apertures. The ratio of the subtraction result to the speed of light is used as the relative structural delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative structural delay of all antennas in the antenna array is obtained.

[0090] Step 303: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array according to the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array and the prior structure delay.

[0091] Specifically, the sum of the relative structural delay and the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is used as the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

[0092] Based on the above embodiment, step 3 specifically includes:

[0093] For n antennas in an array, the relative downlink channel delay Δt″ of antenna numbered k can be obtained according to the following algorithm: k_1 and relative uplink channel delay Δt″ k_2 for:

[0094]

[0095] Where Δt n_1 is the downlink loop delay of the nth antenna in the array, Δt′ 1_n is the downlink channel delay of the nth antenna in the array, Δt n_2is the uplink loop delay of the nth antenna in the array, Δt′ n_2 is the uplink channel delay of the nth antenna in the array.

[0096] See Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , according to the above Figure 2 and Figure 3 The method shown can determine the uplink and downlink path delays of each antenna in the array. This path delay is the signal path delay from the antenna aperture to the system backend. Because the spatial delay difference caused by the spatial distance between the antenna and the target is calculated using the antenna phase center as the reference point, it is also necessary to calibrate the spatial delay caused by the distance from the antenna phase center to the antenna aperture.

[0097] The phase center of the antenna is the reference point for calculating the spatial distance between the antenna and the target in the antenna array. By calculating this spatial distance, the spatial delay difference caused by the spatial distance difference between the antennas required for array signal synthesis can be obtained. Figure 4 As shown, the phase center of the antenna is generally taken as the intersection of the azimuth axis and the pitch axis of the antenna. The phase center of the antenna is a virtual point in the antenna. The coordinates of the antenna phase center can be determined through the structural design of the antenna through an external reserved reference point.

[0098] like Figure 5 As shown, the distance R from the antenna phase center to the antenna aperture can be measured using an optical instrument, by measuring the antenna external reference point and multiple preset measurement points on the antenna aperture and obtaining it through coordinate transformation.

[0099] like Figure 6 As shown, for an array of n deep space large aperture antennas, the distance R from the antenna phase center to the antenna aperture of each antenna is measured. k , and the relative structural delay Δτ of antenna k is obtained according to the following algorithm k :

[0100]

[0101] where c is the speed of light.

[0102] Finally, according to the relative downlink channel delay Δt″ of antenna k k_1 and relative uplink channel delay Δt″ k_2 Get the downlink channel delay compensation value Δt″′ of antenna k participating in the array k_1 and the uplink channel delay compensation value Δt″′ k_2 for:

[0103]

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present application can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the channel delay compensation value of a large-aperture antenna using near-field coupling, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Set up a calibration antenna on the main reflector of each antenna in the antenna array, and establish a downlink channel delay test loop and an uplink channel delay test loop for each antenna in the antenna array; Step 2: Obtain the downlink loop delay and uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink channel delay test loop and the uplink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array; Step 3: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array based on the downlink loop delay and uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array; the channel delay compensation value includes a relative downlink channel delay and a relative uplink channel delay.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step 1 comprises: Place the calibration antenna on the main reflective surface of each antenna in the antenna array; For each antenna in the antenna array, the downlink channel calibration signal emitted by the channel delay measurement instrument is sent out by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna. The emitted downlink channel calibration signal is reflected by the main reflector of the antenna to the secondary reflector of the antenna, and then reflected by the secondary reflector of the antenna. After entering the feed port of the antenna, it is looped back to the channel delay measurement instrument through the downlink RF channel of the antenna, thereby establishing the downlink channel delay test loop of the antenna. For each antenna in the antenna array, the uplink channel calibration signal emitted by the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna is sent out by the channel delay measuring instrument. The emitted uplink channel calibration signal passes through the uplink RF channel of the antenna, reaches the secondary reflector of the antenna through the feed port of the antenna, enters the main reflector of the antenna after being emitted by the secondary reflector of the antenna, and returns to the calibration antenna placed on the main reflector of the antenna through the reflection loop of the main reflector of the antenna, thereby establishing the uplink channel delay test loop of the antenna.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step 2 includes: The sum of the calibrated uplink delay corresponding to the downlink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array, the delay of the channel delay calibration instrument itself, and the downlink channel delay is used as the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array; The sum of the calibrated downlink delay corresponding to the uplink channel delay test loop of each antenna in the antenna array, the delay of the channel delay calibration instrument itself, and the uplink channel delay is used as the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: Place the calibration antenna at multiple calibration points on the main reflection surface of each antenna in the antenna array, and obtain the downlink loop delay corresponding to the multiple calibration points of each antenna in the antenna array according to the method in step 2. Then, average all the obtained downlink loop delays and use the average value as the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array; Place the calibration antenna at multiple calibration points on the main reflection surface of each antenna in the antenna array. According to the method in step 2, obtain the uplink loop delay corresponding to the multiple calibration points of each antenna in the antenna array. Then, calculate the average value of all the obtained uplink loop delays and use the average value as the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The step 3 comprises: Step 31: Obtain the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array according to the downlink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array; Step 32: Obtain the relative structural delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the distance from the phase center of each antenna in the antenna array to the antenna aperture; Step 33: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array according to the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array and the prior structure delay.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step 31 includes: For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the downlink loop delay of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum downlink loop delay of all antennas in the antenna array. The result of the subtraction is used as the relative downlink path delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative downlink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array is obtained.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step 32 includes: For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, subtract the distance from the phase center of antenna k to the antenna aperture of antenna k from the minimum distance from the phase center of all antennas in the antenna array to their antenna apertures. The ratio of this subtraction result to the speed of light is used as the relative structural delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative structural delay of all antennas in the antenna array is obtained. The step 33 includes: The sum of the relative structural delay and the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is used as the relative downlink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step 3 further comprises: Step 301: Obtaining a relative uplink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the uplink loop delay of each antenna in the antenna array; Step 302: Obtain the relative structural delay of each antenna in the antenna array based on the distance from the phase center of each antenna in the antenna array to the antenna aperture; Step 303: Obtain a channel delay compensation value for each antenna in the antenna array according to the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array and the prior structure delay.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The step 301 includes: For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, the uplink loop delay of antenna k is subtracted from the minimum uplink loop delay of all antennas in the antenna array. The result of the subtraction is used as the relative uplink path delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative uplink path delay of each antenna in the antenna array is obtained.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The step 302 includes: For any antenna in the antenna array, denoted as antenna k, subtract the distance from the phase center of antenna k to the antenna aperture of antenna k from the minimum distance from the phase center of all antennas in the antenna array to their antenna apertures. The ratio of this subtraction result to the speed of light is used as the relative structural delay of antenna k. Ultimately, the relative structural delay of all antennas in the antenna array is obtained. The step 303 includes: The sum of the relative structural delay and the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array is taken as the relative uplink channel delay of each antenna in the antenna array.

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