Positioning system and method based on 5G and fingerprints

Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning system based on 5G and fingerprints. The positioning system comprises UE, a GNB management module and a private network 5GC module. UE: inserting an SIM card fired by a private network 5GC to access the private network 5GC through a base station GNB; the GNB management module is responsible for accessing the UE module, providing core network N2 link AMF link establishment and UPF data forwarding, providing an interface for the LMF positioning module to query base station antenna position information, providing user channel resource data of a query base station, and providing user positioning time delay, signal intensity information and other fingerprint information query; the system also comprises an LMF positioning module, a UDF management module and a necessary fingerprint database. The LMF positioning module is responsible for receiving a positioning request triggered by an application, querying the attribution of a GNB where UE is located in a UPF, and interacting positioning with the GNB management module. In the 5G private network positioning application, positioning should be carried out in a private network so as to solve the problem of too large time delay and the problem that the 3GPP standard cannot support the positioning precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of secure positioning technology, and in particular relates to a positioning method based on 5G and fingerprint. Background Art

[0002] As the construction of 5G wireless networks matures, network element modules that meet basic functions become increasingly stable, and the design of the LMF positioning module as the upper-layer application module of the entire 5G wireless network is put on the agenda. Figure 3-4 As shown, the existing LMF positioning module is implemented as follows: The external location service client sends a request to the GMLC to obtain the location of the target UE identified by GPSI or SUPI; The GMLC calls the Nudm_UECM_Get service operation to the home UDM of the target UE to be located using the GPSI or SUPI of the UE; UDM returns the network address of the current service AMF; The GMLC calls the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo service operation to request the current location of the UE from the AMF; If the UE is in CM IDLE state, the AMF will initiate a network-triggered service request procedure to establish a signaling connection with the UE; AMF selects the LMF positioning module based on available information or based on AMF local configuration; The AMF calls the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation to request the current location of the UE; LMF performs the positioning procedure. LMF can use the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation to request the transfer of positioning-related N1 messages to the UE or the transfer of network positioning messages to the NG-RAN node serving the UE; The LMF positioning module returns the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation response to the AMF to return the current location of the UE; AMF returns Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo response to GMLC / LRF to return the current location of UE; 11. GMLC sends location service response to external location service client.

[0003] A single NRPPa transaction is the NRPPa interface between the LMF positioning module and the GNB management module. This transaction is terminated in processing step 2 and includes OTDOA information exchange, TRP information exchange, SRS configuration exchange, and measurement pre-configuration.

[0004] In the above-mentioned prior art, Figure 5 As shown, the latency is high. In the standard 3GPP core network positioning solution, all 5G core network element services are on the public network. Positioning settlement requires uploading the base station data measurement values ​​from the local to the cloud. After the LMF positioning module completes the positioning solution, the result is sent back to the private network. The round-trip delay is indispensable, resulting in a large amount of time loss and increasing the latency. The highest accuracy currently supported by the 3GPP protocol standard is 1 meter, which cannot support applications with relatively high positioning accuracy requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a positioning method based on 5G and fingerprint. In 5G private network positioning applications, positioning should be performed within the private network to solve the problem of excessive latency in the core network positioning architecture of the standard large network and the problem that the 3GPP standard cannot support applications with relatively high positioning accuracy requirements.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: A 5G and fingerprint-based positioning system, including UE, GNB management module and private network 5GC module; Also includes: UE: Insert the SIM card burned in the private network 5GC to access the private network 5GC through the base station GNB; GNB management module: responsible for UE module access and providing core network N2 link AMF link establishment and UPF data forwarding, providing an interface for the LMF positioning module to query base station antenna location information, provide user channel resource data for querying base stations, and provide fingerprint information query such as user positioning delay and signal strength information; The private network 5GC module also includes the LMF positioning module, the UDF management module and the necessary fingerprint database. The LMF positioning module is responsible for receiving positioning requests triggered by applications, querying the UPF for the GNB where the UE is located, interacting with the GNB management module in the positioning process, filtering, calculating, storing, and reporting application measurement data on the base station side; and collecting, training, and input / outputting fingerprint data.

[0007] Preferably, the LMF positioning module further includes the following modules: The UPF management module is used to query the user's TEID and N3_IP based on the MSISDN; The GNB management module is used to maintain and query the TRP information of the GNB based on the customized NRPPa protocol, obtain the SRS-Config configuration of the base station, notify the base station to start and stop measurement, and receive measurement result reports from the base station; The API module is responsible for reviewing whether the parameters of the interface API used by the application to connect to the LMF positioning module meet the specifications. If they do not meet the specifications, a denial of service will be returned to the application; if they meet the specifications, the request will be sent to the corresponding UPF management, GNB management, positioning result management, and positioning task management according to the API target service; Positioning task management module, used to maintain the management of application positioning tasks, add, delete, and query positioning tasks into the database; Positioning task scheduling module, used for terminal query, scheduling measurement task process and measurement result calculation; The positioning solution module is used to solve the base station measurement data obtained by the positioning task scheduling module based on the TDOA algorithm to obtain the user positioning coordinate results; The fingerprint positioning AI calibration module is used to calibrate the coordinate values ​​of the positioning solution and optimize the coordinate accuracy by using the large model built by the fingerprint feature values ​​of the user's measured signal strength and time difference reported by the GNB management module to predict the user's location coordinates; The positioning result management module is used to maintain positioning results, including applications' queries on positioning results and positioning result notifications to applications.

[0008] Preferably, the specific steps of the positioning method are as follows: (1) Positioning request initiated The application layer sends a positioning request to the LMF positioning module in the 5G private network, which contains the identification information of the target UE; (2) Query UE's home information The LMF positioning module queries the GNB affiliation information of the target UE through the UPF user plane function to determine the location of the base station currently accessed by the UE; (3) Measurement task configuration and execution The LMF positioning module sends measurement configuration instructions to the corresponding GNB based on the UE's home information; After receiving the command, the GNB starts the measurement task and collects the UE's fingerprint information, including signal strength ulSrsRsrp and signal delay; (4) Reporting of measurement data GNB reports the collected fingerprint information to the LMF positioning module through the customized NRPPa protocol; (5) Positioning solution After receiving the fingerprint information reported by the GNB, the positioning solution module of the LMF positioning module solves the base station measurement data based on the TDOA time difference of arrival algorithm to obtain the preliminary positioning coordinates of the UE; (6) Fingerprint positioning AI calibration The fingerprint positioning AI calibration module of the LMF positioning module uses a large model built with fingerprint eigenvalues ​​to calibrate the initial positioning results and optimize positioning accuracy; (7) Positioning result output The final calibrated positioning result is returned to the application layer through the API, completing the entire positioning process.

[0009] Preferably, the specific process is to obtain TEID according to MSISDN in UPF, obtain SRS-Config configuration of TEID in GNB, measure the arrival delay of TRP of TEID, and calculate the location coordinates of TRP arrival delay; transmit the measurement results to the positioning solution module for positioning solution.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly reduce positioning latency By deploying the positioning process within the 5G private network, the complex process of uploading data to the cloud for processing and then returning it to the private network, as is common with traditional positioning solutions, is avoided. This localized processing significantly reduces data transmission and processing latency, significantly improving the real-time nature of positioning and better meeting the needs of latency-sensitive applications such as industrial automation and autonomous driving.

[0011] 2. Significantly improve positioning accuracy This invention extends the NRPPa protocol to support transparent transmission of fingerprint information. In combination with the fingerprint positioning AI calibration module, it uses fingerprint feature values ​​such as signal strength (ulSrsRsrp) and signal delay (k0) reported by base stations to build a large model and calibrate the positioning solution. This data fusion and optimization algorithm effectively improves positioning accuracy, breaking through the 3GPP standard's maximum accuracy limit of 1 meter and meeting the needs of higher-precision positioning applications such as indoor navigation and logistics tracking.

[0012] 3. Enhance system stability and reliability The system's physical architecture is divided into the UE, GNB management module, and private network 5GC. Each module has a clear division of labor and efficient collaboration. The LMF positioning module rapidly interacts with the GNB management module during the positioning process, completing the filtering, calculation, storage, and reporting of base station-side measurement data. Furthermore, it further optimizes positioning results through the collection, training, input, and output of fingerprint data. This modular design not only improves the overall stability of the system, but also enhances its scalability and maintainability.

[0013] 4. Optimize resource utilization and cost-effectiveness Positioning within the 5G private network reduces reliance on public network resources and lowers data transmission costs. Furthermore, localized data processing and optimization algorithms reduce the need for cloud computing resources, further reducing system operating costs. This resource optimization not only improves the system's economic efficiency but also enhances its feasibility in practical applications.

[0014] 5. Improve user experience and adaptability to application scenarios The high precision and low latency of this invention enable its widespread application in a variety of scenarios requiring high positioning accuracy and real-time performance, such as smart factories, smart transportation, and smart logistics. By optimizing positioning accuracy and latency, it can significantly enhance the user experience and provide more efficient and reliable positioning solutions for related industries.

[0015] 6. Enhance system flexibility and scalability By extending the NRPPa protocol to support transparent transmission of fingerprint information, the present invention is not only compatible with the existing 5G network architecture, but also can be flexibly configured and expanded according to different application scenarios and needs. This flexibility enables the system to better adapt to future technological developments and changes in application scenarios.

[0016] To sum up, the present invention has significant technical effects in reducing positioning delay, improving positioning accuracy, enhancing system stability and reliability, optimizing resource utilization and improving user experience, and can provide an efficient, accurate and reliable solution for 5G private network terminal positioning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or descriptions of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is the first step of implementing the LMF positioning module provided by the background technology of this application; Figure 4 This is the second step of implementing the LMF positioning module provided by the background technology of this application; Figure 5The background technology of this application shows a single NRPPa transaction as a NRPPa interface step diagram between LMF and GNB. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.

[0020] UE: User Equipment SET: Set user group NR-uu: is the wireless data transmission interface between user equipment and GNB TRP: Base Station Antenna GNB: base station, responsible for wireless access and connecting user equipment NG-C: Control signaling interface between GNB and core network control plane component AMF AMF: manages user access and mobility SMF: Managing Sessions UPF: User Data Forwarding UDM: User Data Management LMF positioning module: manage user location information GMLC: is a general location information configuration trpInfomationList: Antenna coordinate information list lmfUeId: User ID assigned by the LMF network element to the positioning device ranUeId: User ID assigned by the base station to the positioning device trpMeasRspList: Base station reports positioning measurement fingerprint information value ulSrsRsrp: base station antenna signal strength k0: base station antenna signal delay value System physical architecture diagram: The system physical architecture diagram of the 5G private network plus fingerprint positioning combination method is as follows Figure 1 As shown: The physical structure of the system is mainly divided into three modules: UE module, GNB module, and private network 5GC module UE module: The terminal must insert the SIM card burned by the private network 5GC to access the private network 5GC through the base station GNB Base station GNB module: responsible for the access of UE module and providing core network N2 link AMF link establishment and UPF data forwarding, providing interface for LMF to query base station antenna location information, provide query base station user channel resource data, provide user positioning delay and signal strength information and other fingerprint information query Private network 5GC module: LMF is responsible for receiving positioning requests triggered by applications, querying the GNB where the UE is located with the UPF, interacting with the GNB module for positioning, filtering, calculating, storing, and reporting application measurement data on the base station side; collecting, training, inputting, and outputting fingerprint data. The LMF positioning module is shown in Figure 2 1. UPF management module: responsible for querying the user's TEID and N3_IP based on the MSISDN.

[0021] 2. GNB management module: responsible for maintaining and querying the TRP information of the GNB based on the customized NRPPa protocol, obtaining the SRS-Config configuration of the base station, notifying the base station to start and stop measurement, and receiving the measurement result report from the base station.

[0022] 3. API module: Responsible for reviewing whether the parameters of the interface API for the application to connect to the LMF comply with the specifications. If they do not comply with the specifications, a denial of service will be returned to the application; if they comply with the specifications, the request will be sent to the corresponding request entity based on the target service of the API. The request entity includes: UPF management, GNB management, positioning result management, and positioning task management.

[0023] 4. Positioning task management module: responsible for maintaining the management of application positioning tasks, adding, deleting, and querying positioning tasks into the database.

[0024] 5. Positioning Task Scheduling Module: This module is responsible for terminal querying, scheduling measurement tasks, and calculating measurement results. The specific process includes obtaining the TEID based on the MSISDN in the UPF, obtaining the TEID's SRS-Config configuration in the GNB, measuring the TEID's TRP arrival delay, and calculating the location coordinates of the TRP arrival delay. The measurement results are then transmitted to the Positioning Solution Module for positioning solution.

[0025] 6. Positioning solution module: responsible for solving the base station measurement data obtained by the positioning task scheduling module based on the TDOA algorithm to obtain the user positioning coordinate results.

[0026] 7. Fingerprint positioning AI calibration module: Responsible for calibrating the coordinate values ​​of the positioning solution and optimizing the coordinate accuracy by using the large model constructed by the fingerprint feature values ​​of the user's measured signal strength and time difference reported by the GNB module to predict the user's location coordinates.

[0027] 8. Positioning result management module: responsible for maintaining positioning results, including application queries on positioning results and positioning result notifications to applications.

[0028] The API request to obtain GNB is as follows: Get GNB TrpInfo information:

[0029] Get whether the base station Ue is online:

[0030] Get the user's measurement data report:

[0031] An embodiment of the present application also provides a network device, which includes: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0032] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal can implement the steps in the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executing the computer program product.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0034] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0035] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A positioning system based on 5G and fingerprint, including UE, GNB management module and private network 5GC module; characterized in that, UE: Insert the SIM card burned in the private network 5GC to access the private network 5GC through the base station GNB; GNB management module: responsible for UE module access and providing core network N2 link AMF link establishment and UPF data forwarding, providing an interface for the LMF positioning module to query base station antenna location information, provide user channel resource data for querying base stations, and provide fingerprint information query such as user positioning delay and signal strength information; The private network 5GC module also includes the LMF positioning module, the UDF management module and the necessary fingerprint database. The LMF positioning module is responsible for receiving positioning requests triggered by applications, querying the UPF for the GNB where the UE is located, interacting with the GNB management module in the positioning process, filtering, calculating, storing, and reporting application measurement data on the base station side; and collecting, training, and input / outputting fingerprint data.

2. A positioning system based on 5G and fingerprint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LMF positioning module also includes the following modules: The UPF management module is used to query the user's TEID and N3_IP based on the MSISDN; The GNB management module is used to maintain and query the TRP information of the GNB based on the customized NRPPa protocol, obtain the SRS-Config configuration of the base station, notify the base station to start and stop measurement, and receive measurement result reports from the base station; The API module is responsible for reviewing whether the parameters of the interface API used by the application to connect to the LMF positioning module meet the specifications. If they do not meet the specifications, a denial of service will be returned to the application; if they meet the specifications, the request will be sent to the corresponding UPF management, GNB management, positioning result management, and positioning task management according to the API target service; Positioning task management module, used to maintain the management of application positioning tasks, add, delete, and query positioning tasks into the database; Positioning task scheduling module, used for terminal query, scheduling measurement task process and measurement result calculation; The positioning solution module is used to solve the base station measurement data obtained by the positioning task scheduling module based on the TDOA algorithm to obtain the user positioning coordinate results; The fingerprint positioning AI calibration module is used to calibrate the coordinate values ​​of the positioning solution and optimize the coordinate accuracy by using the large model built by the fingerprint feature values ​​of the user's measured signal strength and time difference reported by the GNB management module to predict the user's location coordinates; The positioning result management module is used to maintain positioning results, including applications' queries on positioning results and positioning result notifications to applications.

3. The positioning method based on 5G and fingerprint according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps of the positioning method are as follows: (1) Positioning request initiated The application layer sends a positioning request to the LMF positioning module in the 5G private network, which contains the identification information of the target UE; (2) Query UE's home information The LMF positioning module queries the GNB affiliation information of the target UE through the UPF user plane function to determine the location of the base station currently accessed by the UE; (3) Measurement task configuration and execution The LMF positioning module sends measurement configuration instructions to the corresponding GNB based on the UE's home information; After receiving the command, the GNB starts the measurement task and collects the UE's fingerprint information, including signal strength ulSrsRsrp and signal delay; (4) Reporting of measurement data GNB reports the collected fingerprint information to the LMF positioning module through the customized NRPPa protocol; (5) Positioning solution After receiving the fingerprint information reported by the GNB, the positioning solution module of the LMF positioning module solves the base station measurement data based on the TDOA time difference of arrival algorithm to obtain the preliminary positioning coordinates of the UE; (6) Fingerprint positioning AI calibration The fingerprint positioning AI calibration module of the LMF positioning module uses a large model built with fingerprint eigenvalues ​​to calibrate the initial positioning results and optimize positioning accuracy; (7) Positioning result output The final calibrated positioning result is returned to the application layer through the API, completing the entire positioning process.

4. A positioning method based on 5G and fingerprint according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process is to obtain TEID based on MSISDN in UPF, obtain SRS-Config configuration of TEID in GNB, measure the arrival delay of TRP of TEID, and calculate the location coordinates of TRP arrival delay; transmit the measurement results to the positioning solution module for positioning solution.

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