Method for culturing micropterus salmoides by means of facility circulating water separation and grading

Abstract

The invention discloses a facility circulating water separation grading culture method for micropterus salmoides. The method comprises the following steps: identifying the sex of the micropterus salmoides according to specific primers, and separating the sex of the micropterus salmoides from the sex of the micropterus salmoides; according to different growth speeds of male and female micropterus salmoides and individual micropterus salmoides, a three-stage breeding mode is adopted, and sequencing batch type grading breeding is carried out; special compound feed for male and female micropterus salmoides is fed; a corresponding feeding strategy is adopted according to the conditions of weight, water temperature, water quality and the like; the organism health of micropterus salmoides is enhanced by adopting a composite technical means, the microenvironment stability of a culture water body is regulated and controlled, and stress damage caused by environmental fluctuation and pathogenic organisms is reduced. According to the method for culturing the micropterus salmoides in a classified manner through facility circulating water separation, the single-pond yield of the micropterus salmoides cultured in the facility circulating water can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the culture cost is reduced, the culture benefit is improved, off-peak marketing is achieved, and efficient and sustainable development of facility fishery is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of healthy animal breeding, and in particular to a method for culturing California bass using facility-based circulating water separation and grading. Background Art

[0002] Many fish species exhibit male-female "dimorphism" in growth. In some species, females grow faster, while in others, males grow faster. Therefore, breeding single-sex seedlings can significantly improve economic benefits. Among freshwater fish, the all-male breeding of yellow catfish is the most successful. Two new varieties of yellow catfish, "All-male No. 1" and "All-male No. 2," have passed the approval of the National Far-flung Breeding Approval Committee and obtained new variety certificates. California bass is an important economic farmed fish in my country. In 2023, my country's annual production reached more than 880,000 tons. With the continuous growth of aquaculture production and the expansion of aquaculture scale, how to further improve the growth rate and feed efficiency of California bass and reduce production costs has become a major challenge for the aquaculture industry.

[0003] Similarly, male California bass grow faster than females, and there are significant differences in growth between individuals during aquaculture. Therefore, single-sex grading is an important way to improve the survival rate of California bass and ensure consistent market size. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for culturing California bass by separating and grading the circulating water in a facility, comprising:

[0005] (1) Sex separation: Identify the sex of California bass using specific primers, separate males and females, and then adopt single-sex culture;

[0006] (2) Farming classification: Based on the different growth rates of male and female California bass and individuals, a three-stage farming model is adopted, followed by sequential batch farming;

[0007] (3) Feed selection: Different quality compound feeds are fed to different sexes of California bass and different growth stages;

[0008] (4) Feeding techniques: Adopt appropriate feeding strategies based on body weight, water temperature, and water quality;

[0009] (5) Use composite technical means to enhance the health of California bass, regulate the stability of the microenvironment of aquaculture water, so that it meets the requirements of the Technical Specification for Largemouth Bass Aquaculture DB50 / T 1756-2024, and reduce stress damage caused by environmental fluctuations and pathogens.

[0010] Furthermore, the sex separation in step (1) is as follows: when the weight of the California sea bass reaches 3 to 6 g, the sexes are separated.

[0011] Furthermore, the three-stage culture mode of step (2) includes: screening when more than 60% of the California sea bass reach 50±5g, 100±5g and 150±5g in weight.

[0012] Furthermore, the different compound feeds in step (3) include:

[0013] Specially formulated feed for female California bass requires a protein level of 42-46%, a fat level of 11-14%, and a phospholipid level of 1.5-2.0%;

[0014] Special feed for male California bass requires a protein level of 46-48%, a fat level of 12-15%, and a phospholipid level of 1.0-1.5%.

[0015] Furthermore, the corresponding feeding strategy in step (4) includes:

[0016] When the body weight of California bass is ≤100g or the water temperature is ≤30℃, the feeding amount is 3-5% of the fish body weight and the feeding frequency is 2 times / day;

[0017] When the body weight of California bass is ≥100g or the water temperature is ≥30℃, the feeding amount is 1-2% of the fish body weight, and the feeding frequency is 1 time / day.

[0018] Furthermore, the composite technical means in step (5) includes:

[0019] By supplementing the feed with immune enhancers, the immunity of the California bass is improved, and the immune index is increased by more than 15%.

[0020] Furthermore, the supplementary immune enhancer includes: immune polysaccharide, vitamin C;

[0021] The immune indicators include: SOD, CAT, and lysozyme activity.

[0022] Furthermore, the step (5) of regulating the aquaculture water microenvironment includes:

[0023] Use physical methods to adjust the water pH to 7.0-8.5 and the dissolved oxygen to ≥5.0 mg / L;

[0024] Use microecological preparations to reduce the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in aquaculture water, keeping the ammonia nitrogen in the water ≤0.5mg / L and the nitrite ≤0.1mg / L.

[0025] Furthermore, the facility-based circulating water is required to be equipped with automated fish grading and fish-water separation facilities to enable lossless and rapid separation or catching.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention adopts the technology of California bass breeding by size and single sex, breaking the technical bottleneck of traditional California bass breeding, such as low survival rate, poor feed utilization efficiency and uneven market specifications, and can effectively improve its breeding efficiency.

[0028] 2. The present invention is used to develop a new model for the facility-based recycling water graded separation production of California bass, which has the characteristics of saving water and land, being green and low-carbon, safe and efficient, and being able to be raised throughout the year and fully controllable. It realizes the efficient recycling of aquaculture water and meets the current national demand for developing a circular economy and implementing energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0029] 3. The use of the present invention can achieve accurate nutrition, reduce breeding costs, shorten the production cycle, and ensure the uniformity of breeding output and market specifications.

[0030] 4. The technology of the present invention combines the advantages of high efficiency, economy, practicality and replicability, has broad industrialization prospects, and can serve as a reference for other fish cultured in facilities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples. This embodiment is carried out based on the technology of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are now given to illustrate that the present invention is creative, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] First, when the weight of the California bass reaches about 5g, the males and females are identified and separated, and the single-sex ones are placed in different breeding ponds for conventional breeding. Then a three-stage breeding model is adopted, that is, in the first stage, the fish in a single pond are bred from 5g / tail to more than 60% of the weight reaching about 50g / tail, and then screened and graded for breeding; in the second stage, the fish in a single pond are bred from 50g / tail to more than 60% of the weight reaching about 100g / tail, and then screened and graded for breeding; in the third stage, the fish in a single pond are bred from 100g / tail to more than 60% of the weight reaching about 150g / tail, and then screened and graded for breeding. At the same time, female fish and fish at different stages are fed with special compound feed for female California bass, and male fish and fish at different stages are fed with special compound feed for male California bass; until the commercial fish are put on the market. The feeding frequency is adjusted according to the changes in weight and temperature. And each time the fish are screened and divided into ponds or caught, it is required to use automated fish grading and fish-water separation facilities to achieve lossless and rapid results. As described above, the California bass separation and grading production system of the present invention is obtained.

[0034] This invented technology was applied in the facility-based recirculating aquaculture systems of four farms in different regions across the country. Compared with traditional California bass production technology, this technology model increased the survival rate of California bass by about 12% and the growth rate by more than 13.8%; it saved costs by about 15% and increased aquaculture efficiency by more than 16.8%; at the same time, it achieved staggered market launch and uniform fish size.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for facility-based circulating water separation and grading culture of California bass, which can effectively increase the single-pond yield of facility-based circulating water culture of California bass, while reducing culture costs, improving culture benefits, achieving staggered market launch, and maintaining efficient and sustainable development of facility fisheries.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above implementation cases are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred implementation cases, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for culturing California bass using circulating water separation and grading in a facility-based manner, comprising: (1) Sex separation: Identify the sex of California bass using specific primers, separate males and females, and then adopt single-sex culture; (2) Farming classification: Based on the different growth rates of male and female California bass and individuals, a three-stage farming model is adopted, followed by sequential batch farming; (3) Feed selection: Male and female California bass are fed different formulated feeds; (4) Feeding techniques: Adopt appropriate feeding strategies based on body weight, water temperature, and water quality; (5) Use composite technical means to enhance the health of California bass and regulate the stability of the aquaculture water microenvironment to meet the requirements of the Technical Specifications for Largemouth Bass Aquaculture DB50 / T 1756-2024.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The sex separation in step (1) is as follows: when the weight of the California sea bass reaches 3 to 6 g, the sexes are separated.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The three-stage breeding model in step (2) includes: The California sea bass were screened when more than 60% of their weight reached 50±5g, 100±5g and 150±5g.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The different compound feeds in step (3) include: Specially formulated feed for female California bass requires a protein level of 42-46%, a fat level of 11-14%, and a phospholipid level of 1.5-2.0%; Special feed for male California bass requires a protein level of 46-48%, a fat level of 12-15%, and a phospholipid level of 1.0-1.5%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The corresponding feeding strategy described in step (4) includes: When the weight of California bass is ≤100g or the water temperature is ≤30℃, the feeding amount is 3-5% of the fish body weight, and the feeding frequency is 2 times / day; when the weight of California bass is ≥100g or the water temperature is ≥30℃, the feeding amount is 1-2% of the fish body weight, and the feeding frequency is 1 time / day.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The composite technical means in step (5) includes: By supplementing the feed with immune enhancers, the immunity of the California bass is improved, and the immune index is increased by more than 15%.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The supplementary immune enhancer includes: immune polysaccharide, vitamin C; The immune indicators include: SOD, CAT, and lysozyme activity.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The step (5) of regulating the aquaculture water microenvironment comprises: Use physical methods to adjust the water pH to 7.0-8.5 and the dissolved oxygen to ≥5.0 mg / L; Use microecological preparations to reduce the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in aquaculture water, keeping the ammonia nitrogen in the water ≤0.5mg / L and the nitrite ≤0.1mg / L.