Water vehicle component comprising a fluid system

Abstract

A water vehicle including a fluid system is described. An example water vehicle includes a fluid system, a hull, a sail, and a compressor. The hull has a bow and a stern. The sail has a first end, a second end disposed on the hull, a longitudinal axis, a central axis, a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and defines a spray opening, a suction opening, and a channel. The longitudinal axis extends from the first end to the second end. The central axis is arranged orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and is located between the first side portion and the second side portion. The suction opening is disposed on the second side and between the injection opening and the first side. A passage extends from the suction opening to the ejection opening such that fluid can travel into the suction opening and out of the ejection opening. A compressor is disposed within the passage.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 430,124, filed December 5, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 476,241, filed December 20, 2022. The entire disclosure of each of these related applications is incorporated by reference into this disclosure. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of fluid systems and, more particularly, to watercraft components including fluid systems. Background Art

[0004] There are many types of watercraft used for traveling on water, such as motorboats, yachts, cargo ships, ocean liners, aircraft carriers, and container ships. Traditionally, watercraft use propellers or sails to generate thrust in the water and rudders to control the direction of the watercraft, often subject to significant resistance. However, existing thrust-generating devices, rudders, and other components of watercraft have drawbacks.

[0005] For example, at sea, where winds are often strong, water vehicles can be propelled using sails. However, due to the widespread use of fossil fuel engines (e.g., in cargo ships), sails are rarely used as the primary means of propulsion for water vehicles. As climate change becomes increasingly important in determining what propulsion systems should be used, using wind power to propel water vehicles is a viable approach that can reduce overall CO2 emissions compared to water vehicles using fossil fuel engines. In particular, 90% of the world's cargo is transported by ocean-going ships. Traditional soft sails are inefficient for such vessels and require a large surface area to generate useful thrust.

[0006] Additionally, existing rudders and hydrofoils can be modified to reduce drag, improve control, and lower overall energy consumption. For example, hydrofoils and hydrowings are primarily used on small, lightweight vessels and rarely on larger ships, such as ocean-going ships and large naval vessels (e.g., aircraft carriers), because these components need to be very large to generate useful lift to reduce drag.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for new, useful watercraft components and features that reduce drag, lower energy consumption, improve performance, increase rudder control authority, and / or provide alternative solutions for generating thrust on watercraft. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Various watercraft components, including fluid systems, are described herein.

[0009] An example embodiment of a water vehicle including a fluid system includes a hull, a sail, and a compressor. The hull has a bow and a stern. The sail is arranged between the bow and the stern. The sail has a first end, a second end arranged on the hull, a longitudinal axis, a central axis, a first side, a second side capable of facing oppositely to the first side, and the sail defines an injection opening, a suction opening, and a channel. The longitudinal axis extends from the first end to the second end. The central axis is arranged to be orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and is located between the first side and the second side. The suction opening is arranged on the second side and is located between the injection opening and the first side. The channel extends from the suction opening to the injection opening so that fluid can travel into the suction opening and exit the injection opening. The compressor is arranged in the channel.

[0010] A further understanding of example watercraft components, including fluid systems, can be gained by reading the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 1 is a front view of an example watercraft including a sail, the sail including a fluid system.

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The sail is shown in cross-section along line AA. Figure 2 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 Shown Figure 2 The resultant force of the flow state of the sail is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 4 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0015] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 5 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 6 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0017] Figure 7is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 7 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0018] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 8 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0019] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 9 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0020] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 10 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0021] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 11 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0022] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 12 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0023] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 13 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0024] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 14 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0025] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 15The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0026] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft including a fluid system. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the sail taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the sail.

[0027] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 17 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0028] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail. Figure 18 The positional relationship between the water vehicle speed and the fluid system is shown.

[0029] Figure 19 is a partial cutaway view of another example watercraft including a fluid system.

[0030] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the present hydrofoil taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the hydrofoil.

[0031] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the hydrofoil including the fluid system, taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the hydrofoil.

[0032] Figure 22 is a perspective view of an example watercraft including a first hydrofoil and a second hydrofoil. Each of the first hydrofoil and the second hydrofoil includes a fluid system and is movable between a first configuration and a second configuration. Figure 22 The first and second hydrofoils are shown in a first configuration.

[0033] Figure 23 yes Figure 22 Cross-section of the hydrofoil shown.

[0034] Figure 24 yes Figure 22 Another perspective view of the water vehicle shown. Figure 23 The first and second hydrofoils are shown in a second configuration.

[0035] Figure 25 yes Figure 22 A partial cross-sectional view of the water vehicle shown.

[0036] Figure 26is a perspective view of another example watercraft including a hydrofoil that includes a fluid system and is movable relative to the hull.

[0037] Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of another hydrofoil including a fluid system, taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the hydrofoil.

[0038] Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view of another hydrofoil including a fluid system, taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the hydrofoil.

[0039] Figure 29 is a partial perspective view of another example watercraft including a hydrofoil that includes a fluid system and is movable relative to the hull.

[0040] Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view of a rudder of a water vehicle including a fluid system, taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the rudder.

[0041] Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view of another rudder of a watercraft including a fluid system, taken orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the rudder.

[0042] Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail.

[0043] Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of another example watercraft sail including a fluid system, taken normal to the longitudinal axis of the sail.

[0044] Figure 34 is a front view of another example watercraft including a fluid system.

[0045] Figure 35 is a perspective view of another example water vehicle including a fluid system.

[0046] Figure 36 is a front view of another example watercraft including a fluid system.

[0047] Figure 37 is a partial elevation view of another example watercraft including a fluid system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following detailed description and accompanying drawings describe and illustrate various example embodiments of watercraft components including fluid systems. The description and illustration of these examples are intended to enable those skilled in the art to manufacture and use watercraft components (e.g., sails, hydrofoils, hydrofoil plate-shaped parts, rudders) including fluid systems. The description and illustration of these examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way. The present invention can be practiced or implemented in various ways, and the examples described and illustrated herein are merely selected examples of the various ways of practicing or implementing the present invention and are not exhaustive.

[0049] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example watercraft 8 including a fluid system 10 is shown. Figure 3 Shown Figure 2 The resultant force of the flow state of the sail shown. Watercraft 8 has a hull 12, a sail 14, and a compressor 16. Hull 12 has a bow 18, a stern 20, a starboard side 17, and a port side 19. In the illustrated embodiment, watercraft 8 is a boat 9. However, it should be understood that the fluid system described herein can be included in any suitable watercraft, ship, or vehicle, and can also be included in any suitable component of a watercraft, ship, or vehicle that needs to be combined with the fluid system described herein. Fluid system 10 includes sail 14 and compressor 16.

[0050] Sail 14 is disposed between bow 18 and stern 20 and has a first end 22, a second end 24 disposed on hull 12, a longitudinal axis 25, a central axis 27, a first side 26, a second side 28 capable of facing oppositely toward first side 26, and defines a jet opening 30, an intake opening 32, a middle portion 34, and a passage 36. When watercraft 8 is traveling in a fluid (e.g., water), first side 26 is a first windward side 26, and second side 28 is a second leeward side 28. Longitudinal axis 25 extends from first end 22 to second end 24. Central axis 27 is disposed orthogonally to longitudinal axis 25 and between first side 26 and second side 28, such that central axis 27 divides first side 26 and second side 28. Intake opening 32 is disposed on second side 28 and between jet opening 30 and first side 26. The intermediate portion 34 is disposed on the second side 28 between the spray opening 30 and the suction opening 32. A passage 36 extends from the suction opening 32 to the spray opening 30 so that fluid can travel into the suction opening 32 and out of the spray opening 30. During use, fluid flows along the intermediate portion 34 from the spray opening 30 on the second side 28 toward or to the suction opening 32.

[0051] The sail included on the watercraft may include any suitable sail having any suitable structural arrangement. The selection of a suitable sail and the structural arrangement of the sail may be based on a variety of considerations. Examples of sails considered suitable for inclusion on the watercraft include rigid sails, flexible sails, and any other sails considered suitable for a particular embodiment. Examples of structural arrangements for sails include sails having an annular cross-sectional shape, an elliptical cross-sectional shape, a sail defining an airfoil, or an airfoil with flaps, and any other cross-sectional shape considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0052] The compressor 16 is arranged in the passage 36 between the suction opening 32 and the injection opening 30. The compressor 16 is in fluid communication with the injection opening 30 and the suction opening 32. The compressor 16 is capable of moving between a closed state and an open state and has a suction port 40 and an injection port 42. The compressor can be operably connected to any suitable part of a device, system or component of a water vehicle provided with a fluid system to provide power to the compressor (e.g., a battery, an electric motor) and provide a mechanism for moving the compressor between the closed state and the open state (e.g., one or more switching members). Alternative embodiments may include a compressor that can change the degree of compression of the fluid passing through the passage provided with the compressor.

[0053] The compressor 16 is attached to the sail 14 and is positioned so that: the suction port 40 points to the first portion of the passage 36 extending from the suction opening 32 to the compressor (e.g., the suction port 40 points to the suction opening 32), and the injection port 42 points to the second portion of the passage 36 extending from the injection opening 30 to the compressor 16 (e.g., the injection port 42 points to the injection opening 30). In the closed state, the compressor 16 does not draw any fluid through the passage 36. Alternatively, some fluid can be drawn in through the passage, or in an alternative embodiment, some fluid can be drawn in through one or more conduits by virtue of a pressure differential between the suction opening and the injection opening. In the open state, the compressor 16 draws fluid in through the suction opening 32, passes the fluid through the compressor 16, and pushes the fluid out the injection opening 30.

[0054] The compressor can be attached to a component of the watercraft (e.g., a sail, a hydrofoil, a hydrofoil panel, a rudder) using any suitable attachment technique or method, and the selection of a suitable attachment technique or method between the compressor and the component of the watercraft can be based on a variety of considerations, including the material from which the compressor is formed. Examples of attachment techniques and methods considered suitable include welding, welding, the use of adhesives, mechanical connectors, and any other techniques or methods considered appropriate for a particular embodiment. Although the compressor 16 has been shown as being directly attached to a component of the watercraft, alternative embodiments may include one or more compressors that are indirectly connected to a component of the watercraft.

[0055] The compressor included in the component of the watercraft may include any suitable device, system, or component capable of compressing a fluid, and the selection of a suitable compressor may be based on various considerations, such as the structural arrangement of the passages defined by the component of the watercraft in which the compressor is disposed. Examples of compressors considered suitable for inclusion in the component of the watercraft include electric pumps, pneumatic pumps, hydraulic pumps, micropumps, fans, electric fans, compressors, microcompressors, vacuum cleaners, blowers, and any other compressors considered suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0056] While the sail 14 has been shown as having a body defining an injection opening 30, a suction opening 32, and a passage 36, alternative embodiments may include a sail defining a void within which one or more conduits are included to define a portion or all of the injection opening, the suction opening, and / or the passage. Examples of conduits believed suitable for use in fluid systems are described in U.S. Patent No. 10,683,076 to Zha, issued June 16, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, a sail may include: an injection conduit defining an injection opening and extending from a compressor to the injection opening; and / or a suction conduit defining a suction opening and extending from the compressor to the suction opening.

[0057] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sail 14 is arranged on the hull 12 in a vertical direction relative to the hull 12. The wind speed acting on the sail is the apparent wind speed The moving speed vector of the water vehicle (e.g., the direction of travel of the water vehicle 8) and the wind speed vector To confirm. Figure 2 In the example shown, the watercraft 8 is moving north, the wind is flowing in a northwesterly direction, the apparent wind is pointing west, and the first windward side 26 is facing the apparent wind. and The relationship between or (Formula 1). Therefore, The direction and size of and direction and magnitude. Therefore, Can be in any orientation. Figure 2 In the example of FIG. , the jet opening 30 is arranged near the 12 o'clock position (eg, on the central axis 27 ), or in other words, the jet opening 30 is arranged relative to the apparent wind speed. In some embodiments, the injection opening may be located slightly downstream on the second leeward side 28 .

[0058] The jet opening 30 is configured such that, when the compressor 16 is in the on state, a jet 44 of fluid exits the jet opening 30. The jet 44 of fluid is considered a co-current jet 45 and is applied to the sail 14 on the second leeward side 28. In the illustrated embodiment, when the compressor 16 is in the on state, the jet 44 of fluid exits the jet opening 30 tangentially relative to the sail 14 (e.g., the middle portion 34) and in the same direction as the apparent wind (e.g., coaxially, substantially coaxially). However, alternative embodiments may include a jet opening configured such that the jet of fluid exits the jet opening at any suitable angle relative to the sail (e.g., the middle portion) and / or relative to the apparent wind. In the illustrated embodiment, when the watercraft 8 is moving and has a direction of travel, the sail 14 has a leading edge 46 and a trailing edge 48 that can face oppositely toward the leading edge 46. Figure 2 The illustrated injection openings 30 are arranged on the leading edge 46 .

[0059] The suction opening 32 is configured such that, when the compressor 16 is in the on state, fluid enters the suction opening 32 on the second leeward side 28. In the illustrated embodiment, when the compressor 16 is in the on state, fluid enters the suction opening 32 tangentially relative to the sail 14 (e.g., the middle portion 34). However, alternative embodiments may include a suction opening configured such that fluid enters the suction opening at any suitable angle relative to the sail (e.g., the middle portion).

[0060] In the embodiment shown, the central axis 27 divides the first windward side 26 and the second leeward side 28. The position of the injection opening 30 is indicated by α i The angle is defined as the angle between the central axis 27 and the injection opening axis 31, for the sake of clarity, Figure 2 α is exaggerated i The injection opening axis 31 extends through the injection opening 30 and the longitudinal axis 25. The injection opening 30 is arranged on the injection opening axis 31, which is at a first angle α relative to the central axis 27. i Arranged in a certain way. i The sign of α is defined by the position of the ejection opening 30 relative to the central axis 27 between the first windward side 26 and the second leeward side 28. If the ejection opening 30 is arranged on the central axis 27 (for example, at the 12 o'clock position), then α i =0°. If the ejection opening 30 is arranged on the second leeward side 28, then α i >0. If the ejection opening 30 is arranged on the first windward side, then αi <0. Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the injection opening 30 is arranged on the central axis 27 (for example, at the 12 o'clock position), α i =0°. However, alternative embodiments may include the injection opening 30 arranged at any suitable position relative to the central axis, the first side, the second side, or the suction opening, for example, the injection opening 30 is arranged on the central axis, on the second side, and between the central axis and the suction opening; or, alternative embodiments may include the injection opening axis arranged at any suitable angle relative to the central axis, for example, an angle equal to, greater than, less than, or about 120 degrees, an angle between about -5 degrees and about 20 degrees, an angle between about 0 degrees and about 10 degrees, and any other position or angle deemed suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0061] The position of the suction opening 32 is determined by α s Angle definition, the α s The angle α is the angle between the injection opening axis 31 and a suction opening axis 33 extending through the suction opening 32 and the longitudinal axis 25. The suction opening 32 is arranged on the suction opening axis 33 at a second angle α relative to the injection opening axis 31. s Arranged in a manner. Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the suction opening axis 33, α s Between about 110 degrees and about 135 degrees. However, alternative embodiments may include the following intake opening 32: the intake opening 32 is arranged at any suitable position relative to the central axis, the first side, the second side, the injection opening, the injection opening axis; the intake opening 32 is arranged on an axis, such as the central axis, arranged on the second side and located between the central axis and the injection opening, or, alternative embodiments may include the intake opening axis arranged at any suitable angle relative to the injection opening axis, for example, the angle is equal to, greater than, less than, or is about 120 degrees, the angle is between about 10 degrees and about 270 degrees, the angle is between about 90 degrees and about 160 degrees, and the angle is any other position or angle deemed suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0062] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the fluid system 10 will generate lift pointing north, which is the direction of movement of the water vehicle 8. like Figure 3As shown. The lift is thus converted into thrust, thereby propelling the watercraft 8 forward. The drag generated by the sail 14 will be directed to the west, a direction in which the watercraft 8 has no motion, and therefore the drag does not do work on the watercraft 8. Figure 2 The net force of the sail 14 is: lift Always, or usually, orthogonal to Resistance is always, or usually, parallel to like Figure 3 As shown, the figure shows Figure 2 The resultant force of the configuration under the flow state.

[0063] Figure 4 Another exemplary watercraft 108 is shown including a fluid system 110. The watercraft 108 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The watercraft 8 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 110 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The fluid system 10 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 108 has a sail 114 and a compressor 116.

[0064] In the illustrated embodiment, the sail 114 is rotatable relative to the hull so that, when the watercraft 108 moves in the fluid, the central axis can continuously divide the first windward side 126 and the second leeward side 128. In order to achieve increased thrust using the fluid system 110, the net force on the watercraft 108 should be oriented in the direction of movement of the watercraft. Figure 4 As shown, the direction of movement of the watercraft 108 is north. To achieve increased thrust, the sail 114 is rotated about its longitudinal axis 125 so that the wind speed is 108 relative to the apparent wind direction, shown as the apparent wind speed. Reach a favorable position. Figure 4 As shown, wind speed Pointing northwest, resulting in apparent wind direction Pointing northwest. Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the sail 114 has been rotated so that the jet opening 130 is located on the central axis 127 (eg, α i =0), the central axis divides a first windward side portion 126 and a second leeward side portion 128 of the sail 114.

[0065] Figure 5 Another exemplary watercraft 208 is shown including a fluid system 210. The watercraft 208 is similar to Figure 4 The watercraft 108 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 210 is similar to Figure 4The fluid system 110 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 208 has a sail 214 and a compressor 216.

[0066] In the embodiment shown, the apparent wind speed Pointing to the southwest. Angle θ is defined as the angle between the apparent wind direction and the direction of movement of the water vehicle. θ has only positive signs and 0°<θ<180°. The direction starts to be calculated and rotated to the positive Pointing direction. The resultant force component in the direction of movement of the water vehicle is F s =Lx sin(180°-θ)-Dx cos(180°-θ)=Lx sinθ+Dx cosθ (Formula 2). For example, Figure 5 In , 180°>θ>90°, lift and drag have mutually canceling components. Figure 2 , 0°<θ<90°, and lift and drag have superimposed components.

[0067] In order to increase the thrust, the fluid system described in this paper makes F s >0, which is the same as the moving direction of the water vehicle 208. s >0, the fluid system described herein also causes or contributes to F s / P is as large as possible, where P is the power consumption of the fluid system 210 .

[0068] Figure 6 Another exemplary watercraft 308 is shown including a fluid system 310. The watercraft 308 is similar to Figure 4 The watercraft 108 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 310 is similar to Figure 4 The fluid system 110 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 308 has a sail 314 and a compressor 316.

[0069] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast, the direction of movement of the water vehicle 308 is north, resulting in Pointing north, the apparent wind direction is east, resulting in Pointing east.

[0070] As described herein, the fluid jet 344 is applied to the second leeward side 328 of the sail 314, which is opposite the first windward side 326 to which the apparent wind is applied. Figure 6 As shown, the ejection opening 330 is arranged on the central axis 327 , and the suction opening 332 is arranged on the second leeward side 328 .

[0071] Figure 7 Another exemplary watercraft 408 is shown including a fluid system 410. The watercraft 408 is similar to Figure 4 The watercraft 108 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 410 is similar to Figure 4 The fluid system 110 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 408 has a sail 414 and a compressor 416.

[0072] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast, the direction of movement of the water vehicle 408 is north, resulting in Pointing north, the apparent wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing northeast.

[0073] As described herein, the fluid jet 444 is applied to the second leeward side 428 of the sail 414 opposite the first windward side 426 to which the apparent wind is applied. Figure 7 As shown, the ejection opening 430 is arranged between the central axis 427 and the suction opening 432 , which is arranged on the second leeward side 428 .

[0074] Figure 8 Another exemplary watercraft 508 is shown including a fluid system 510. The watercraft 508 is similar to Figure 4 The watercraft 108 is similar to the one shown and described above, except as detailed below. Figure 4 The fluid system 110 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 508 has a sail 514 and a compressor 516.

[0075] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast; the direction of movement of the water vehicle 508 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is southeast, resulting in Pointing southeast.

[0076] As described herein, the fluid jet 544 is applied to the second leeward side 528 of the sail 514 opposite the first windward side 526 to which the apparent wind is applied. Figure 8 As shown, the ejection opening 530 is arranged on the central axis 527 and the suction opening 532 is arranged on the second leeward side 528 .

[0077] Figure 9Another exemplary watercraft 608 is shown including a fluid system 610. The watercraft 608 is similar to Figure 4 The watercraft 108 is similar to the one shown and described above, except as detailed below. Figure 4 The fluid system 110 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 608 has a sail 614 and a compressor 616.

[0078] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast; the direction of movement of water vehicle 608 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing northeast.

[0079] As described herein, the fluid jet 644 is applied to the second leeward side 628 of the sail 614 opposite the first windward side 626 to which the apparent wind is applied. Figure 9 As shown, the ejection opening 630 is arranged on the central axis 627 , and the suction opening 632 is arranged on the second leeward side 628 .

[0080] Figure 10 Another exemplary watercraft 708 is shown including a fluid system 710. The watercraft 708 is similar to Figure 4 The watercraft 108 is similar to the watercraft 108 shown and described above, except as detailed below. Figure 4 The fluid system 110 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 708 has a sail 714 and a compressor 716.

[0081] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast; the direction of movement of water vehicle 708 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is southeast, resulting in Pointing southeast.

[0082] As described herein, the fluid jet 744 is applied to the second leeward side 728 of the sail 714 opposite the first windward side 726 to which the apparent wind is applied. Figure 10 As shown, the ejection opening 730 is arranged on the central axis 727 , and the suction opening 732 is arranged on the second leeward side 728 .

[0083] Figure 11 Another exemplary watercraft 808 is shown including a fluid system 810. The watercraft 808 is similar to Figures 1 to 3The watercraft 8 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 810 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The fluid system 10 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 808 has a sail 814 and a compressor 816.

[0084] In the illustrated embodiment, the sail 814 has a longitudinal axis 825, a central axis 827, a first side 826, a second side 828 that can oppositely face the first side 826, and defines a first spray opening 830, a second spray opening 850, a first suction opening 832, a second suction opening 852, a first intermediate portion 834, a second intermediate portion 854, and a channel 836. The first spray opening 830 and the first suction opening 832 are defined on the second side 828. The second spray opening 850 and the second suction opening 852 are defined on the first side 826.

[0085] like Figure 11 As shown, the passage 836 branches between the compressor 816 and the first injection opening 830 and the second injection opening 850 , and the passage 836 branches between the compressor 816 and the first suction opening 832 and the second suction opening 852 , and extends from the compressor 816 to the first injection opening 830 , the second injection opening 850 , the first suction opening 832 and the second suction opening 852 . When the compressor 816 is in the on state, the fluid may travel into the first suction opening 832 and out of the first injection opening 830, may travel into the first suction opening 832 and out of the second injection opening 850, may travel into the first suction opening 832 and out of the first and second injection openings 850, may travel into the second suction opening 852 and out of the first injection opening 830, may travel into the second suction opening 852 and out of the second injection opening 850, may travel into the second suction opening 852 and out of the first and second injection openings 830, may travel into the first and second suction openings 852 and out of the first injection opening 850, may travel into the first and second suction openings 832, 852 and out of the first injection opening 850, may travel into the first and second suction openings 832, 852 and out of the second injection opening 850, and / or may travel into the first and second suction openings 832, 852 and out of the first and second injection openings 830, 850.

[0086] In the illustrated embodiment, this is achieved by using a first plate-shaped member 860, a second plate-shaped member 862, a third plate-shaped member 864, and a fourth plate-shaped member 866. This structural arrangement allows the fluid system 810 to adapt to apparent winds from two sides (e.g., east and west, south and north). When it is necessary to direct the fluid jet 844 toward the second side 828, the second plate-shaped member 862 will rotate about axis 2 until it is positioned in the 2-3 position to close the second injection opening 850. The first plate-shaped member 860 will be in the open position 1-1' to allow air to flow out at the first injection opening 830. With respect to the suction openings 832 and 852, the third plate-shaped member 864 will rotate about axis 4 until it is positioned in the 4-6 position to close the second suction opening 852. The fourth plate-shaped member 866 will be in the open position 5-5' to allow fluid to flow into the compressor 816. Vice versa, when it is desired to direct the fluid jet 844 toward the first side 826, the first plate-shaped member 860 will be in the 1-3 position to close the first injection opening 830, and the second plate-shaped member 862 will be moved to the open position 2-2' to allow fluid to flow through the second injection opening 850. With respect to the suction openings 832, 852, the fourth plate-shaped member 866 will be rotated to the 5-6 position to close the first suction opening 852. The third plate-shaped member 864 will be rotated to the open position 4-4' to open the second suction duct 852 and allow fluid to be drawn into the passage 836 to flow into the compressor 816.

[0087] like Figure 11 As shown, sail 814 has an outer surface 868 located on first side 826, which is disposed at a first distance from longitudinal axis 825. First and second intermediate portions 834, 854 are each disposed at a second distance from longitudinal axis 825, less than the first distance, such that first and second intermediate portions 834, 854 are each recessed relative to outer surface 868 of sail 814. This structural arrangement allows fluid jet 844 to be tangential to the surfaces of intermediate portions 834, 854, facilitating flow suction. The intermediate portion can be recessed by any suitable amount Δγ, which can range from 0% to 2% D, where D is the local diameter of the sail along its span. If Δγ = 0, the intermediate portion will not be recessed. If Δγ < 0, the intermediate portion will protrude outwardly at a larger radius than the outer surface. Generally, Δγ can range from -1% D to 5% D, or Δγ = 0% - 2% D. Thus, the sail can have a first radius from the longitudinal axis to the outer surface and a second radius from the longitudinal axis to the intermediate portion. The second radius can be different from, less than, greater than, or equal to the first radius. For example, the second radius can be between about 1% and about 5% less than the first radius, between about 0% and about 2% less than the first radius, and any other radius deemed suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0088] Figure 12 Another example watercraft 908 is shown including a fluid system 910. The watercraft 908 and Figure 11 The fluid system 910 is similar to the watercraft 808 shown in FIG and described above, except as detailed below. Figure 11 The fluid system 810 is similar to that shown in FIG and described above, except as detailed below. The watercraft 908 has a sail 914 and a compressor 916. The sail 914 is capable of rotating relative to the hull, as described herein.

[0089] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast; the direction of movement of water vehicle 908 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is east, resulting in Pointing east.

[0090] like Figure 12 As shown, the second plate-shaped member 962 and the third plate-shaped member 964 are closed. The first plate-shaped member 960 and the fourth plate-shaped member 966 are open. Pointing east, the windward and leeward sides are separated along the north / south axis. Thus, as described herein, the sail 914 is rotated so that the first jet opening 930 is arranged along the central axis 927, which divides the first windward side 926 and the second leeward side 928. The sail 914 can be rotated to any suitable angle (e.g., 0 to 360 degrees in any direction, clockwise or counterclockwise) to position the jet opening at a desired location (e.g., the windward / leeward side separation, the central axis). After the sail is rotated to the desired position, it can be fixed until further rotation is required.

[0091] Additional plates may be provided on the sail to further close the ejection opening and / or the suction opening. Figure 12 The second spray opening 950 is enclosed by a plate-like member 970, and the second suction opening 952 is enclosed by a plate-like member 972. When the second spray opening 950 and the second suction opening 952 are in use, the two plate-like members 970 and 972 can be stored inside the sail 914 on either side of the opening. A mirrored configuration with respect to the second side 928 can also be implemented. Alternatively, the openings can remain open when not in use. However, this may slightly affect performance.

[0092] Figure 13 Another exemplary watercraft 1008 is shown including a fluid system 1010. The watercraft 1008 is similar to Figure 11 The watercraft 808 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 1010 is similar to Figure 11 Fluid system 810 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. Watercraft 1008 has a sail 1014 and a compressor 1016. Sail 1014 is capable of rotating relative to the hull, as described herein.

[0093] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northwest, resulting in Pointing to the northwest; the direction of movement of the water vehicle 1008 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is northwest, resulting in Pointing northwest.

[0094] Sail 1014 from Figure 12 The position shown is rotated clockwise so that the second jet opening 1050 is located at the central axis 1027 (eg, the windward-leeward dividing line). Figure 13 As shown, the first injection opening 1030 and the first suction opening 1032 are closed by the first plate-shaped member 1060 and the fourth plate-shaped member 1066 .

[0095] Additional plates may be provided on the sail to further close the ejection opening and / or the suction opening. Figure 13 A plate 1074 is included to close the first spray opening 1030, and a plate 1076 is included to close the second suction opening 1032. When the first spray opening 1030 and the second suction opening 1032 are in use, the two plate members 1074 and 1076 can be stored inside the sail 1014 on either side of the opening. Alternatively, the openings can be left open when not in use. However, this may slightly affect performance.

[0096] This structural arrangement and other structural arrangements described herein allow the sail to meet varying apparent wind directions by rotating clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby meeting all apparent wind directions, so that the jet of fluid is applied on the leeward side and the jet opening used is located at or near the center axis (e.g., the leeward-windward dividing line) and points in the direction of movement of the watercraft or adjacent to the direction of movement of the watercraft.

[0097] Figure 14 Another exemplary watercraft 1108 is shown including a fluid system 1110. The watercraft 1108 is similar to Figure 11 The watercraft 808 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 1110 is similar to Figure 11 The fluid system 810 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. The watercraft 1108 has a sail 1114 and a compressor 1116.

[0098] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast; the direction of movement of the water vehicle 1008 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is east, resulting in Pointing east.

[0099] In the embodiment shown, the sail 1114 has an elliptical cross-sectional configuration. The ellipse can be described by the formula x 2 / a 2 +y 2 / b 2 =1 (Formula 3) describes. Formula 3 contains three cases: 1) a <b( Figure 14 );2)a=b: circle;3)a>b.

[0100] In embodiments where the sail has an elliptical cross-section, α i It can be any suitable angle, for example, α i Examples include angles between about 3 degrees and about 10 degrees, angles between about -5 degrees and about 30 degrees, and any other angle deemed suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0101] In embodiments where the sail has an elliptical cross-section, α s It can be any suitable angle, for example, α s The angles are between about 110 and about 140 degrees, between about 90 and about 170 degrees, about 120 degrees, and any other angle deemed suitable for a particular embodiment. For an elliptical cylindrical member, the dividing line between the first windward side and the second leeward side can be one of the a-axis or the b-axis, or any line between these two axes.

[0102] Figure 15 Another exemplary watercraft 1208 is shown including a fluid system 1210. The watercraft 1208 is similar to Figure 11 The watercraft 808 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 1210 is similar to Figure 11 Fluid system 810 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. Watercraft 1208 has sails 1214 and compressor 1216.

[0103] In the embodiment shown, the wind direction is northeast, resulting in Pointing to the northeast; the direction of movement of the water vehicle 1208 is north, resulting in Pointing to the north; the apparent wind direction is east, resulting in Pointing east.

[0104] Figure 16Another exemplary watercraft 1308 is shown including a fluid system 1310. The watercraft 1308 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The watercraft 8 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 1310 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The fluid system 10 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 1308 has a sail 1314 and a compressor 1316.

[0105] In the illustrated embodiment, the sail 1314 has an airfoil-shaped cross-sectional shape (e.g., a non-constant cross-sectional shape along the central axis). Alternative embodiments may include a sail having a tapered cross-sectional shape (e.g., along its span). For example, the sail may have a larger cross-sectional shape at the trailing edge (e.g., the root) and a smaller cross-sectional shape at the leading edge (e.g., the tip), or vice versa.

[0106] Figure 17 Another exemplary watercraft 1408 is shown including a fluid system 1410. The vessel 1408 is similar to Figure 11 The watercraft 808 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 1410 is similar to Figure 11 Fluid system 810 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. Watercraft 1408 has a sail 1414, a first compressor 1416, and a second compressor 1416'.

[0107] In the illustrated embodiment, the sail 1414 has a first portion 1413 and a second portion 1415. Each of the first portion 1413 and the second portion 1415 has a Figure 11 A similar structural arrangement is shown for sail 814 .

[0108] The first portion 1413 has a first portion longitudinal axis 1425, a first portion central axis 1427, a first portion first side 1426, a first portion second side 1428 that can oppositely face the first portion first side 1426, and defines a first portion first injection opening 1430, a first portion first suction opening 1432, a first portion first middle portion 1434, a first portion passage 1436, a first portion second injection opening 1450, a first portion second suction opening 1452, and a first portion second middle portion 1454. The first compressor 1416 is disposed within the passage 1436.

[0109] Second section 1415 is disposed adjacent to first section 1413. Second section 1415 has a second section longitudinal axis 1425', a second section central axis 1427', a second section first side 1426', and a second section second side 1428' that can face oppositely toward second section first side 1426'. Second section 1415 defines a second section first injection opening 1430', a second section first suction opening 1432', a second section first intermediate portion 1434', a second section second injection opening 1450', a second section second suction opening 1452', a second section second intermediate portion 1454', and a second section passage 1436'. Second compressor 1416' is disposed within passage 1436'.

[0110] The first portion 1413 is rotatable relative to the hull and is movable relative to the second portion 1415, and / or the second portion 1415 is rotatable relative to the hull and is movable relative to the first portion 1413. Figure 17 As shown, a gap 1480 is arranged between the first portion 1413 and the second portion 1415, so that the first portion 1413 and the second portion 1415 can rotate relative to each other around their respective axes.

[0111] In the illustrated embodiment, each of the first portion 1413 and the second portion 1415 is symmetrical about its line of symmetry. Each portion 1413 and 1415 is positioned at an optimal angle so that the first side 1426 and 1426' faces the apparent wind. The central axis (e.g., the windward-leeward line) is not a straight line passing through the two portions 1413 and 1415, but rather two independent central axes 1427 and 1427', which can be coaxial or set at an angle relative to each other.

[0112] Figure 18 Another exemplary watercraft 1508 is shown including a fluid system 1510. The watercraft 1508 is similar to Figure 17 Vessel 1408 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. Fluid system 1510 is similar to Figure 17 Fluid system 1410 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. Watercraft 1508 has sail 1514, first compressor 1516, and second compressor 1516'.

[0113] In the illustrated embodiment, the first center axis 1527 is not coaxial with the second center axis 1527' (e.g., the first center axis 1527 is disposed at an angle relative to the second center axis 1527'). Although both the first portion 1513 and the second portion 1515 have been shown as including a fluid system, alternative embodiments may include a fluid system located on the first portion and / or the second portion of the sail.

[0114] Figure 19 Another exemplary watercraft 1608 is shown including a fluid system 1610. The watercraft 1608 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The watercraft 8 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 1610 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The fluid system 10 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 1608 has a sail 1614 and a plurality of compressors 1616.

[0115] In the illustrated embodiment, sail 1614 includes a plurality of injection openings 1630 arranged along a length or longitudinal axis 1625 of sail 1614, a plurality of suction openings 1632 arranged along a length or longitudinal axis 1625 of sail 1614, a plurality of channels 1636 arranged along a length or longitudinal axis 1625 of sail 1614, and a plurality of compressors 1616 arranged along a length or longitudinal axis 1625 of sail 1614. Each suction opening in the plurality of suction openings 1632 is arranged on second side 1628 and located between a nozzle opening in the plurality of injection openings 1630 and first side 1626. Although not shown, an intermediate portion may be arranged on second side 1628 and located between each nozzle opening in the plurality of injection openings 1630 and each nozzle opening in the plurality of suction openings 1632. Each nozzle opening in the plurality of channels 1636 extends from a nozzle opening in the plurality of suction openings 1632 to a nozzle opening in the plurality of injection openings 1630, allowing fluid to travel through each nozzle opening in the plurality of channels 1636. A compressor in plurality of compressors 1616 is arranged within each channel in plurality of channels 1636 .

[0116] Each channel can be separated from an adjacent channel by ΔS, which can be between 0 and about 2D, where D is the diameter of sail 1614. As used herein, the term "diameter" means the length of a straight line from the outer surface on one side of a body, element, or feature, through the center of the body, element, or feature, to the outer surface on the other side of the body, element, or feature, without affecting any structural configuration of the body, element, or feature. As used herein, the term "radius" means the length of a straight line from the center of a body, element, or feature to the outer surface on one side of the body, element, or feature, without affecting any structural configuration of the body, element, or feature.

[0117] Figure 20 shows a cross section of a typical hydrofoil, which is perpendicular to the moving flow V x The hydrofoil is formed by overlapping hydrofoils to lift the water vehicle to reduce resistance. Since the hydrofoil can have a higher L / D (lift to drag) ratio, the hydrofoil can effectively lift the water vehicle and reduce resistance and energy consumption, thereby bringing benefits to the system. This is because the density of air is much less than the density of water. Water vehicles with a larger surface in the air have less resistance overall. However, for all water vehicles, hydrofoils with a very high lift coefficient and a higher L / D ratio are beneficial to reduce resistance, regardless of the size, weight or weight of the water vehicle. This article describes hydrofoils that achieve these goals.

[0118] Figure 21 17 is an example hydrofoil 1706 that may be included on a watercraft. Hydrofoil 1706 includes a fluid system 1710. Fluid system 1710 includes hydrofoil 1706 and compressor 1716.

[0119] The hydrofoil 1706 has a leading end 1722 , a trailing end 1724 , a top 1726 , a bottom 1728 that can oppositely face the top 1726 , and defines a jet opening 1730 , a suction opening 1732 , a middle portion 1734 , and a channel 1736 .

[0120] The hydrofoil 1706 can be attached to the hull (e.g., between the bow and stern). An ejection opening 1730 is defined between the leading edge 1722 and the trailing edge 1724. An intake opening 1732 is defined between the ejection opening 1730 and the trailing edge 1724. A passage 1736 extends from the intake opening 1732 to the ejection opening 1730 so that fluid can travel into the intake opening 1732 and out of the ejection opening 1730. The compressor 1716 is disposed within the passage 1736.

[0121] Figures 22 to 25 Another example first hydrofoil 1806 is shown included on a water vehicle 1808. The first hydrofoil 1806 includes a fluid system 1810. Additionally, Figures 22 to 25 Shown is a second hydrofoil 1806' included on a water vehicle 1808. The second hydrofoil 1806' includes a fluid system 1810'.

[0122] In the illustrated embodiment, and as described herein, the compressor 1816, 1816' of each hydrofoil 1806, 1806', when turned on, draws a small amount of water near the trailing edge 1824, 1824' through the suction opening 1832, 1832', pressurizes the water, and ejects the water tangentially to the surface near the leading edge 1822, 1822' through the ejection opening 1830, 1832'.

[0123] In the embodiment shown, each of the first hydrofoil 1806 and the second hydrofoil 1806' is capable of Figure 22 The first configuration shown is similar to Figure 24 1812. The hydrofoil 1806 and the second hydrofoil 1806' each have a first length 1807, 1807' extending from the longitudinal axis 1811 of the hull 1812, with a majority of the hydrofoil 1806, 1806' extending away from the hull 1812. In the second configuration, the hydrofoil 1806 and the second hydrofoil 1806' each have a second length 1809, 1809' extending from the longitudinal axis 1811 of the hull 1812, the second length 1809, 1809' being less than the first length, and the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' being retracted into the hull 1812, or such that one of the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' is arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis 1811 of the hull 1812.

[0124] Each of the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' can rotate about three axes (x, y, and z) around the support system located at point 0. When the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' are used to lift a watercraft, the support system can cause the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' to unfold so that the wingspan is nearly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the watercraft. The hydrofoils 1806, 1806' will generate an upward lift force L, thereby lifting the watercraft 1808. Figure 25 As shown, the support system 1882 may have a hydraulic system to change the angle of attack α (AOA) of the hydrofoils 1806, 1806'. AOAα is defined as the angle between the water flow and the chord of the hydrofoil, as shown in FIG. Figure 23 As shown. The AOA can be changed in the support system at position 0. For example, Figure 25A hydraulic actuator b is shown, the length of which can be changed to rotate the hydrofoil about the Z axis. The hydrofoil is connected to the beam "a" by a hinge on the surface of the hydrofoil. When the length of actuator b is extended, the hydrofoil will increase the AOA. When the length of b is reduced, the AOA of the hydrofoil will decrease. The hydraulic system b is installed inside the support system at position 0. When the watercraft is moving at a low speed or the watercraft is stopped, the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' can be retracted into alignment with the watercraft body by rotating about the y axis, as shown Figure 24 The retracted position of the hydrofoils 1806, 1806' can reduce drag and also facilitate docking of the watercraft.

[0125] Figure 26 Another example hydrofoil 1906 is shown. Hydrofoil 1906 includes a fluid system 1910.

[0126] In the illustrated embodiment, when the hydrofoil 1906 has a long wingspan, two struts 1984 can be used on each side of the hull 1912 of the watercraft 1908 to reinforce the hydrofoil structure. These struts 1984 can be fixed structures connected to the hydrofoil 1906, or these struts 1984 can be movable relative to the hull (e.g., retractable). These struts 1984 can be retracted into the hull 1912 of the watercraft 1908 when not in use. When these struts 1984 are needed, these struts 1984 can be withdrawn from the hull 1912 of the watercraft 1908 to lock with the hydrofoil 1906. The struts or groups of struts can be used with hydrofoils that include a fluid system, or the struts or groups of struts can be used with hydrofoils that do not include a fluid system.

[0127] Figure 27 Another example hydrofoil 2006 is shown. Hydrofoil 2006 includes a fluid system 2010.

[0128] In the illustrated embodiment, hydrofoil 2006 includes a first portion 2013 and a second portion 2015, each of which includes a fluid system 2010 similar to fluid system 1710. In the illustrated embodiment, second portion 2015 is a single planar hinged portion that can deflect about a hinge. Although both portions are shown as including the fluid system, hydrofoil 2006' may include fluid system 2010' located only on second portion 2015' (e.g., Figure 28 ); a fluid system 2010' located only on the first portion; or a fluid system 2010' located on the first portion and / or the second portion. Figure 27As shown, the second portion 2015 is movable relative to the fixed first portion 2013. Changing the AOA can be achieved by changing the deflection angle β of the second portion 2015.

[0129] Figure 29 2 is an example hydrofoil panel 2106 that may be included on a watercraft 2108. Hydrofoil panel 2106 includes a fluid system 2110 as described herein. In the illustrated embodiment, hydrofoil panel 2106 has a dihedral angle λ. The hydrofoil panel span may be any curved shape with a sweep angle. The hydrofoil and hydrofoil panel may have any suitable structural arrangement, such as symmetric or asymmetric about a chord.

[0130] Figure 30 2206 and a compressor 2216.

[0131] The rudder 2206 may be attached to the hull. The rudder 2206 has a leading edge 2222 and a trailing edge 2224, and is defined by a first jet opening 2230, a first intake opening 2232, a second jet opening 2250, a second intake opening 2252, and a passage 2236. The first jet opening 2230 is defined between the leading edge 2222 and the trailing edge 2224. The second jet opening 2250 is defined between the leading edge 2222 and the trailing edge 2224. The first intake opening 2232 is defined between the first jet opening 2230 and the trailing edge 2224. The second intake opening 2252 is defined between the second jet opening 2250 and the trailing edge 2224. The passage 2236 extends from the first suction opening 2232 and the second suction opening 2252 to the ejection openings 2230, 2250, so that fluid can travel into the first suction opening 2232 and / or the second suction opening 2252 and exit the first ejection opening 2230 and / or the second ejection opening 2250. The compressor 2216 is disposed within the passage 2236. Optionally, only one side of the fluid system may be used at a time, or both sides of the fluid system may be used simultaneously at the same or different amplitudes.

[0132] This structural arrangement can improve the efficiency of the rudder of the water vehicle at low speed, reduce the size of the rudder, and thus reduce the fuel consumption of the water vehicle.

[0133] Figure 31

[00106] is another example rudder 2306 that can be included in a water vehicle. Rudder 2306 includes a first portion 2313 and a second portion 2315. Each of first portion 2313 and second portion 2315 includes a fluid system 2310, similar to fluid system 2210 described herein.

[0134] like Figure 31 As shown, the rudder 2306 is symmetrical about the chord. Depending on the force that the rudder 2306 needs to generate, the first portion 2313 and the second portion 2315 can rotate around an axis on the chord of the first portion 2313 or the chord of the second portion 2315. For example, if the rudder 2306 needs to generate a control force pointing upward, the second portion 2315 will rotate clockwise, the first injection opening 2330' and the first suction opening 2332' on the top will be used, and the compressor 2316' will be moved to an open state, and the second injection opening 2350' and the second suction opening 2352' on the bottom will be closed.

[0135] Figure 32 Another example watercraft 2408 is shown including a fluid system 2410. The watercraft 2408 is similar to Figure 11 The watercraft 808 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 2410 is similar to Figure 11 Fluid system 810 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. Watercraft 2408 has a sail 2414 and a compressor 2416. Sail 2414 is capable of rotating relative to the hull, as described herein.

[0136] In some cases, it may be necessary to use a fluid system to generate additional thrust (for example, when the wind is weak and the sails cannot generate much thrust from the wind). In this case, fluid system 2410 can be used to generate thrust. In this embodiment, water vehicle 2408 is moving in the direction indicated by arrow 2409, and the wind is moving in the direction indicated by arrow 2411.

[0137] Sail 2414 has a longitudinal axis 2425, a central axis 2427, a first side 2426, a second side 2428 that can face oppositely to first side 2426, and defines a first spray opening 2430, a second spray opening 2450, a first suction opening 2432, a second suction opening 2452, a first middle portion 2434, a second middle portion 2454, and a channel 2436. The first spray opening 2430 and the first suction opening 2432 are defined on the second side 2428. The second spray opening 2450 and the second suction opening 2452 are defined on the first side 2426.

[0138] In the illustrated embodiment, the first plate-like member 2460 is in an open configuration (e.g., the 1-1' position), the second plate-like member 2462 is in a closed configuration (e.g., the 2-3 position), the third plate-like member 2464 is in an open position (e.g., the 4-4' position), and the fourth plate-like member 2466 is in a closed position (e.g., the 5-6 position). Thus, air can flow through the second intake opening 2452 (e.g., located on the first side 2426), through the passage 2436, be pressurized by the compressor 2416, and exit the first ejection opening 2430 (e.g., located on the second side 2428). Although the plate-like members are shown in a particular state, each plate-like member can be moved between an open position and a closed position, or each plate-like member can be in a closed position or an open position to achieve the desired thrust.

[0139] In general, the fluid system 2410 will draw in a mass flow of air from the windward side A, pressurize it via the compressor 2416, and eject it from the leeward side B, opposite the direction of movement of the watercraft 2408 (coaxial with the direction of movement of the watercraft 2408). The fluid 2431 ejected at the first ejection opening 2430 is directed in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the watercraft 2408. Alternative embodiments may include ejection openings that eject the fluid tangentially to the sail.

[0140] like Figure 32 As shown, the passage 2436 converges from the compressor 2416 to the first injection opening 2430 to accelerate the fluid 2431 ejected from the fluid system 2410 through the first injection opening 2430, thereby increasing the velocity and generating thrust. Any portion of the passage (e.g., the portion from the suction opening to the compressor, the portion from the compressor to the injection opening) may converge, diverge, or have a constant inner diameter.

[0141] Figure 33 Another example watercraft 2508 is shown including a fluid system 2510. The watercraft 2508 is similar to Figure 32 The watercraft 2408 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 2510 is similar to Figure 32 Fluid system 2410 is shown and described above, except as detailed below. Watercraft 2508 has a sail 2514 and a compressor 2516. Sail 2514 is capable of rotating relative to the hull, as described herein.

[0142] In certain circumstances, a watercraft and / or sail may experience significant drag. In such cases, alleviating some of this drag can reduce structural loads and / or lower the drag of the watercraft. For example, in strong winds, such as those generated by a hurricane, the significant wind loads acting on a sail may damage it.

[0143] In the illustrated embodiment, the sail 2514 has a longitudinal axis 2525, a central axis 2527, a first side 2526, a second side 2528 that can oppositely face the first side 2526, and defines a first spray opening 2530, a second spray opening 2550, a first suction opening 2532, a second suction opening 2552, a first middle portion 2534, a second middle portion 2554, and a channel 2536. The first spray opening 2530 and the first suction opening 2532 are defined on the second side 2528. The second spray opening 2550 and the second suction opening 2552 are defined on the first side 2526.

[0144] In the illustrated embodiment, the first plate 2560 is in an open configuration (e.g., 1-1' position), the second plate 2562 is in an open configuration (e.g., 2-2' position), the third plate 2564 is in an open position (e.g., 4-4' position), and the fourth plate 2566 is in an open position (e.g., 5-5' position). Thus, air can flow through the second ejection opening 2550, through the passage 2536, and out of the first ejection opening 2530. Furthermore, air can flow through the second suction opening 2552, through the passage 2536, and out of the first suction opening 2532.

[0145] Figure 33 The configuration of a sail that can be used to reduce wind loads is shown. With respect to sail 2514, a strong wind is blowing from the left side, as indicated by arrow 2511. Compressor 2516 is in the off state. Since panels 2560, 2562, 2564, and 2566 are all in the open position, air can pass from the windward side through sail 2514 to the leeward side, thereby reducing the dynamic load on sail 2514. Figure 33 As shown, the watercraft 2508 is moving in an upwind direction, as indicated by arrow 2509. Alternatively, this configuration may be employed when the watercraft is moored at a pier or stationary.

[0146] Figure 34 Another example water vehicle 2608 is shown, comprising a first fluid system 2610 and a second fluid system 2611. The water vehicle 2608 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The watercraft 8 shown and described above, except as detailed below. Each of the fluid systems 2610, 2611 is similar to Figures 1 to 3The fluid system 10 shown and described above is the same as that shown in FIG. 2 , except as described in detail below. The watercraft 2608 has a first sail 2614 and a second sail 2615. As described herein, each of the sails 2614, 2615 is capable of rotating relative to the hull. However, alternative embodiments may include sails that are fixed relative to the hull.

[0147] In the illustrated embodiment, each of sails 2614, 2615 has a varying cross-sectional area along its length, a varying outer diameter along its length, and a varying inner diameter along its length. A sail included in the fluid system, such as the first sail and / or the second sail, can have any suitable outer and / or inner diameter along its length, such as an outer and / or inner diameter that varies along the entire length of the sail, an outer and / or inner diameter that varies along a portion of the length of the sail, an outer and / or inner diameter that is constant along the entire length of the sail, an outer and / or inner diameter that is constant along a portion of the length of the sail, a combination of the outer and / or inner diameters described herein, and any other diameter deemed suitable for a particular embodiment. Thus, in these embodiments, the longitudinal axis need not be a straight line, but rather a central axis that follows the center of the sail.

[0148] Figure 35 Another example water vehicle 2708 is shown, comprising a first fluid system 2710 and a second fluid system 2711. The water vehicle 2708 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The watercraft 8 shown and described above, except as detailed below. Each of the fluid systems 2710 and 2711 is similar to Figures 1 to 3 1 and 2. The fluid system 10 shown and described above is similar to that shown in FIG. 1 , except as described in detail below. Watercraft 2708 has a first sail 2714 and a second sail 2715. Each of sails 2714 and 2715 is fixed relative to the hull, as described herein, and can include any suitable fluid system, such as the fluid systems described herein, or a combination of any fluid systems as described herein. However, alternative embodiments may include sails that are capable of rotating relative to the hull. First sail 2714 includes a first fluid system 2710, and second sail 2715 includes a second fluid system 2711.

[0149] like Figure 35As shown, the diameter D of sails 2714, 2715 can vary along their respective lengths 2725, which extend from first end 2722 to second end 2724. In the illustrated embodiment, each sail 2714, 2715 has a first portion S1 and a second portion S2. First portion S1 has a substantially constant diameter D1, and second portion S2 has a diameter D2 that tapers from first portion S1 to first end 2722. This structural arrangement reduces aerodynamic loads at first end 2722. The variation from D1 to D2 can have any suitable pattern: linear or nonlinear. For example, D2 can be between 0 and 99% of D1, and / or between 0 and one-tenth of D1. Furthermore, second portion S2 can have any suitable length relative to length 2725. For example, S2 can have a length between 0% and 100% of length 2725, S2 can have a length greater than, less than, or about 70% of length 2725, or S2 can have any other length deemed suitable for a particular embodiment. In embodiments where the fluid system includes a non-cylindrical sail, D1 and D2 represent the longer axis or airfoil chord.

[0150] To further reduce aerodynamic loads at first end 2722, a plate-like member 2728 can be mounted on top of the sail, as shown relative to sail 2714. Plate-like member 2728 can have any suitable diameter D3, for example, diameter D3 approximately equal to (2*D1), where D1 is the diameter of the sail at second end 2724; diameter D3 equal to 0 to 50 times D1; ​​or any other diameter deemed suitable for a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, plate-like member 2728 can be rotated about axis A1 using any suitable mechanism attached to sail 2714 or hull 2712 and can be formed as a solid piece of material. Alternatively, the plate-like member can include a plurality of holes through its thickness, which can be any suitable thickness. Examples of thicknesses deemed suitable include a thickness equal to 1 mm and 20 cm, a thickness of approximately 1 mm and 20 cm, or a thickness less than or greater than 1 mm and 20 cm. The plate-like member can have any structural configuration, such as an annular shape, an elliptical shape, or the plate-like member can be configured as an airfoil.

[0151] Figure 36 Another example watercraft 2808 is shown including a first fluid system 2810. The watercraft 2808 is similar to Figure 35 The watercraft 2708 is as shown and described above, except as detailed below. The fluid system 2810 is similar to Figure 35 The fluid system 2710 is shown and described above, except as described in detail below. The watercraft 2808 has a sail 2814 that includes the first fluid system 2810.

[0152] The sail including the fluid system can have any suitable length and diameter along its length. For example, the sail can be between 30 meters and 100 meters long and between 1 meter and 5 meters in diameter. The size of the current sail makes it difficult to transport when assembled on a watercraft, especially by truck over the road. Figure 36 As shown, in order to solve these problems, the sail can be formed by multiple segments 2870, such as S1, S2, S3 and S4. Although four segments are shown, any suitable number of segments can be included in the sail. Each segment included in the multiple segments 2870 can include multiple fluid systems, and each fluid system in the multiple fluid systems includes an injection opening, a suction opening, a channel extending from the injection opening to the suction opening, and a compressor arranged in the channel, as described herein.

[0153] like Figure 36 As shown, the sail 2814 includes a spar 2872 arranged inside the sail 2814 along its length. The spar provides the sail with strength to withstand external aerodynamic loads. Each of the plurality of segments 2870 can be transported to the ship and assembled by connecting all of the segments. Adjacent segments can be attached to each other using any suitable attachment technique or method, such as welding, threaded connectors, latches, pins, or any other technique or method deemed suitable for a particular embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, adjacent segments are attached to each other using male and female threads and allow one segment to rotate relative to another segment. This method of attachment can also be used between the spar 2872 and the segments. Alternatively, in an embodiment where non-cylindrical segments 2910 and 2912 are used to form the sail, the attachment between adjacent segments can be achieved by using interlocking teeth 2914, such as Figure 37 shown.

[0154] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, based on the overall teachings of this disclosure, various modifications and substitutions may be made to the described and illustrated embodiments, and that various elements and features of one example described and illustrated herein may be combined with various elements and features of another example without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the specific arrangement of elements disclosed herein is selected by the inventors only to describe and illustrate examples of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention or its scope of protection, which shall be fully encompassed by the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A water vehicle comprising a fluid system, the water vehicle comprising: a hull having a bow and a stern; a sail disposed between the bow and the stern, the sail having a first end, a second end disposed on the hull, a longitudinal axis, a central axis, a first side, and a second side capable of facing oppositely toward the first side, the sail defining a spray opening, a suction opening, and a passage, the longitudinal axis extending from the first end to the second end, the central axis being disposed orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and located between the first side and the second side, the suction opening being disposed on the second side and located between the spray opening and the first side, the passage extending from the suction opening to the spray opening so that fluid can travel into the suction opening and out of the spray opening; as well as A compressor is disposed within the passage.

2. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The injection opening is arranged on an injection opening axis disposed at a first angle relative to the central axis; as well as The first angle is between about -5 degrees and about 20 degrees.

3. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The suction opening is arranged on a suction opening axis disposed at a second angle relative to the ejection opening axis; as well as The second angle is between about 10 degrees and about 270 degrees.

4. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The injection opening is arranged on the central axis.

5. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The injection opening is arranged on the second side portion between the central axis and the suction opening.

6. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the sail including a middle portion disposed on the second side portion and located between the ejection opening and the suction opening; wherein the jet opening is defined in the sail such that fluid exits the jet opening tangentially to the intermediate portion; and wherein the suction opening is defined on the sail such that fluid enters the suction opening tangentially to the middle portion.

7. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: When the watercraft travels in a fluid, the sail has a windward side and a leeward side; wherein the central axis divides the windward side and the leeward side; wherein the first side portion of the sail is arranged on the windward side; wherein the second side portion of the sail is arranged on the leeward side; and Therein, the jet opening is arranged on the leeward side of the sail.

8. The water vehicle according to claim 7, wherein: The sail is rotatable relative to the hull so that the central axis continuously divides the windward side and the leeward side.

9. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The sail has a body; and wherein the ejection opening, the suction opening and the passage are defined by the body of the sail.

10. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: When the watercraft travels in a fluid, the sail has a windward side and a leeward side; wherein the windward side faces the apparent wind on the sail; and wherein the jet opening is defined on the sail such that fluid exits the jet opening substantially coaxially with the apparent wind.

11. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The injection opening is arranged on the second side; wherein the sail defines a second ejection opening and a second suction opening, the second ejection opening being disposed on the first side portion, and the second suction opening being disposed on the first side portion; wherein the passage branches between the compressor and the injection opening and the second injection opening and extends from the compressor to the injection opening and the second injection opening; and wherein the passage bifurcates between the compressor and the suction opening and the second suction opening and extends from the compressor to the suction opening and the second suction opening so that the fluid: can travel into the suction opening and leave the injection opening, can travel into the suction opening and leave the second injection opening, can travel into the suction opening and leave the injection opening and the second injection opening, can travel into the second suction opening and leave the injection opening, can travel into the second suction opening and leave the second injection opening, can travel into the second suction opening and leave the injection opening and the second injection opening, can travel into the suction opening and the second suction opening and leave the injection opening, can travel into the suction opening and the second suction opening and leave the injection opening, can travel into the suction opening and the second suction opening and leave the second injection opening, can travel into the suction opening and the second suction opening and leave the injection opening.

12. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the sail including a middle portion disposed on the second side portion and located between the ejection opening and the suction opening; as well as wherein the sail has an outer surface located on the first side; wherein said intermediate portion is concave relative to said outer surface of said sail; wherein the sail has a first radius from the longitudinal axis to the outer surface; and wherein the sail has a second radius from the longitudinal axis to the mid-section, the second radius being different from the first radius.

13. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The sail has a circular cross-sectional shape, an elliptical cross-sectional shape, or the sail has an airfoil cross-sectional shape.

14. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The sail has a length extending from the first end to the second end; wherein the jet opening comprises a plurality of jet openings arranged along the length of the sail; wherein the suction opening comprises a plurality of suction openings arranged along the length of the sail, each of the plurality of suction openings being arranged on the second side portion and located between a jet opening of the plurality of jet openings and the first side portion; wherein the passage comprises a plurality of passages arranged along a length of the sail, each passage of the plurality of passages extending from a suction opening of the plurality of suction openings to a spray opening of the plurality of spray openings, such that fluid can flow through each passage of the plurality of passages; and The compressor includes a plurality of compressors, and a compressor in the plurality of compressors is arranged in each of the plurality of channels.

15. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the sail having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having the first end, the second end, the longitudinal axis, the central axis, the first side, the second side, and the first portion defining the ejection opening, the suction opening, and the passage; as well as Wherein, the second portion is arranged adjacent to the first portion.

16. The water vehicle according to claim 15, wherein: The first portion is rotatable relative to the hull and movable relative to the second portion; as well as The second part is rotatable relative to the hull and movable relative to the first part.

17. The water vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The sail has a first portion having a first diameter and a second portion having a second diameter that tapers from the first portion to the first end.

18. A water vehicle comprising a fluid system, the water vehicle comprising: a hull having a bow and a stern; a sail disposed between the bow and the stern, the sail having a first end, a second end disposed on the hull, a longitudinal axis, a central axis, a first side, and a second side capable of facing oppositely toward the first side, the sail defining a spray opening, a suction opening, and a passage, the longitudinal axis extending from the first end to the second end, the central axis disposed orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and located between the first side and the second side, the suction opening disposed on the second side and located between the spray opening and the first side, the passage extending from the suction opening to the spray opening so that fluid can travel into the suction opening and out of the spray opening; as well as a compressor disposed within the passage; wherein, when the water vehicle travels in a fluid, the sail has a windward side and a leeward side; wherein the central axis divides the windward side and the leeward side; wherein the first side portion of the sail is arranged on the windward side; wherein the second side portion of the sail is arranged on the leeward side; and The sail is rotatable relative to the hull so that the central axis continuously divides the windward side and the leeward side.

19. The water vehicle according to claim 18, wherein: The injection opening is arranged on an injection opening axis disposed at a first angle relative to the central axis; as well as The first angle is between about -5 degrees and about 20 degrees.

20. A water vehicle comprising a fluid system, the water vehicle comprising: a hull having a bow and a stern; a sail disposed between the bow and the stern, the sail having a first end, a second end disposed on the hull, a longitudinal axis, a central axis, a first side, and a second side capable of facing oppositely toward the first side, the sail defining a spray opening, a suction opening, and a passage, the longitudinal axis extending from the first end to the second end, the central axis disposed orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and located between the first side and the second side, the suction opening disposed on the second side and located between the spray opening and the first side, the passage extending from the suction opening to the spray opening so that fluid can travel into the suction opening and out of the spray opening; as well as a compressor disposed within the passage; wherein the injection opening is arranged on an injection opening axis disposed at a first angle relative to the central axis, the first angle being between about -5 degrees and about 20 degrees; and The suction opening is arranged on a suction opening axis that is arranged at a second angle relative to the injection opening axis, the second angle being between about 10 degrees and about 270 degrees.

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