A precision seeder for small-grain crops

Abstract

This invention discloses a precision seeder for small-grain crops, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery technology. It includes a frame fan system, a ditching and soil-preparing system, a seed metering system, a fertilizer outlet system, and a base fertilizer outlet system. The seed metering system comprises a base and a seed metering assembly and a seed stirring assembly located within the base. The seed metering assembly includes a seed metering shaft and a blank wheel and a seed metering wheel sleeved on the shaft. Each blank wheel and seed metering wheel is fitted with a set of seed-protecting silicone rubber, and each silicone rubber rubber has a seed-protecting body that meshes with it on its outer ring. A first spacing adjustment assembly is located below the seed metering pipe and the fertilizer outlet pipe. A second spacing adjustment assembly is correspondingly provided under each base fertilizer outlet system. The spacing of the base fertilizer outlet pipe in each system is adjusted by the second spacing adjustment assembly. This invention ensures the stability and accuracy of seed metering through the seed metering device, while facilitating the adjustment of the seeding spacing, enabling the seeder to meet different seeding needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a precision seeder for small-grain crops. Background Technology

[0002] Seeders, as a major piece of agricultural equipment, have a significant impact on modern agricultural production. Combined seeders are agricultural devices capable of simultaneously completing sowing and multiple related agricultural processes. Their main functions include improving sowing efficiency, reducing costs, protecting soil structure, and enabling multiple functions to be performed concurrently.

[0003] Chinese patent CN119096737A discloses a combined seeder for both oilseed rape and wheat, which applies base fertilizer and top dressing fertilizer simultaneously. The design includes a discharge height adjustment system, a ditching and soil-preparing system, a frame fan system, and a seed and fertilizer application system. The combined seeder performs seeding, base fertilizer application, and top dressing fertilizer application. The amounts of base fertilizer and top dressing fertilizer are adjusted according to actual needs without interference, achieving strong seedlings without burning them, significantly improving crop germination and seedling vigor.

[0004] However, this device still has some shortcomings:

[0005] 1. The seed metering device has low seed filling accuracy and poor seed metering uniformity, resulting in uneven seed flow and affecting the uniformity of sowing.

[0006] 2. Rotary tillage blades have a fixed structure and the blade spacing cannot be adjusted, thus making it impossible to adjust the furrow density to suit different furrowing needs. Furthermore, when the blade spacing is adjusted, the corresponding furrow density changes, but the corresponding fertilizer drain pipe, fertilizer outlet pipe, and seed outlet cannot be adjusted accordingly, failing to meet the digging and sowing requirements of different scenarios.

[0007] Therefore, the inventors made further improvements to the seed metering device and adjusted the structure of the combined seeder to make it flexible and adaptable to different needs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precision seeder for small-grain crops to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0009] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] A precision seeder for small-seed crops includes a frame fan system, a ditching and soil-preparing system, a seed dispensing system, a fertilizer dispensing system, and a base fertilizer dispensing system. The frame fan system includes a frame body and a fan assembly. The ditching and soil-preparing system includes a ditch opener, a rotary tillage assembly, and a disc harrow. The seed dispensing system sequentially includes a seed box, a seed dispensing device, a seed distributor, and a seed dispensing pipe. The fertilizer dispensing system sequentially includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispensing device, a fertilizer distributor, and a fertilizer dispensing pipe. The base fertilizer dispensing system sequentially includes a base fertilizer box, a fertilizer adjustment port, and a base fertilizer dispensing system. The seed metering device includes a base and a seed metering assembly and a seed stirring assembly located within the base. The seed metering assembly includes a seed metering shaft and a blank wheel and a seed metering wheel sleeved on the seed metering shaft. The outer circumference of the seed metering wheel is arranged with multiple rows of seed metering holes, and the seed metering holes in adjacent rows are arranged alternately. Each blank wheel and seed metering wheel is sleeved with a set of seed-protecting silicone. The outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone is toothed, and each outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone is provided with a seed-protecting body that meshes with it. Multiple seed-protecting bodies are fixed to the base by pins.

[0011] A first spacing adjustment component is provided below the seeding pipe and the fertilizer outlet pipe, and the spacing between the multiple seeding pipes and fertilizer outlet pipes is adjusted by the first spacing adjustment component.

[0012] Two bottom fertilizer discharge systems are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blower assembly. A second spacing adjustment component is provided under each bottom fertilizer discharge system. The spacing of the bottom fertilizer discharge pipe of each bottom fertilizer discharge system is adjusted by the second spacing adjustment component. A bidirectional synchronization component is provided between the two sets of second spacing adjustment components. The distance between the two second spacing adjustment components is adjusted by the bidirectional synchronization component.

[0013] The rotary tillage assembly includes a rotating shaft, an adjusting ring, and rotary tillage blades. The adjusting ring is sleeved on the rotating shaft and detachably connected to the rotating shaft. The rotary tillage blades are detachably connected to the adjusting ring, and the position of the rotary tillage blades on the rotating shaft is adjusted by the adjusting ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the cross-section of the seed protector and the seed-protecting silicone is a semi-circular structure. One end of the seed protector and the upper end of the machine base form a feed inlet, which is located above the seed stirring shaft and is connected to the seed box. The other end of the seed protector and the bottom of the machine base form a discharge port, which is connected to the seed distributor.

[0015] Furthermore, the seed protector is provided with a brush at one end near the feed inlet, the brush being located at the front end of the seed protector silicone, the seed stirring shaft having multiple sets of stirring teeth in the axial direction, and the machine base having a seed unloading plate on one side of the lower end of the seed stirring shaft.

[0016] Furthermore, the first spacing adjustment assembly includes a crossbeam and an adjustment block. The two ends of the crossbeam are detachably connected to the two ends of the frame body. A sliding groove is provided below the crossbeam. A sliding head is provided on the top of the adjustment block and is slidably connected to the sliding groove. A locking nut is provided on the sliding head. Openings are provided on both sides of the adjustment block located on the crossbeam. The seed discharge pipe and the fertilizer discharge pipe pass through the openings respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the second spacing adjustment assembly includes a fixed plate, an adjusting plate, and sliding blocks. The fixed plate is provided with a slide rail, and a plurality of sliding blocks are slidably connected to the fixed plate through the slide rail. The adjusting plate is provided with a plurality of inclined guide grooves, and each sliding block cooperates with the corresponding guide groove through a hinge rod. A cylinder is provided above the fixed plate, and the cylinder seat of the cylinder is fixed to the fixed plate. One end of the piston rod of the cylinder is connected to the top of the adjusting plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the bidirectional synchronization component includes a double-ended threaded rod, a support plate, and a slider. The double-ended threaded rod is located above the fixed plate, and its two ends are respectively connected to the frame body. The threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded rod are opposite. The support plate is located in the middle of the double-ended threaded rod, and one end of the support plate is connected to the bottom fertilizer box. The double-ended threaded rod passes through the other end of the support plate. The slider is threadedly engaged with the double-ended threaded rod. A slider is provided in the middle of each fixed plate, and two sliders are respectively located at the two ends of the double-ended threaded rod. The slider is provided with a through hole for the bottom fertilizer discharge pipe to pass through.

[0019] Furthermore, the adjusting ring has a split structure, and a locking screw is provided in the radial direction of the adjusting ring. The adjusting ring is fixed to the rotating shaft by the locking screw.

[0020] Furthermore, the fan assembly is located in the middle of the frame body, and the fan assembly is connected to the seed dispensing system, the fertilizer outlet system, and the bottom fertilizer outlet system through pipelines. The seed dispensing system and the fertilizer outlet system are horizontally arranged at the rear end of the frame body, the trenching and soil preparation system is located at the bottom front end of the frame body, and the bottom fertilizer outlet system is located above the trenching and soil preparation system.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] 1) The seed metering device can ensure the stability and accuracy of seed metering and the uniformity of sowing. At the same time, the seed metering wheel can be added or removed according to the actual seed metering needs, and the corresponding seed protection silicone and seed protection body can be easily disassembled.

[0023] 2) The spacing between adjacent seeding tubes and fertilizer tubes can be adjusted using the sliding head and groove, thereby adjusting the final seeding width. Simultaneously, tightening the nut secures the adjusting block to the crossbeam, ensuring stability during seeding.

[0024] 3) The spacing between the bottom fertilizer pipes on each side can be adjusted by the second spacing adjustment component, and the two bottom fertilizer pipes in the middle can be brought together by the bidirectional synchronization component, so that the bottom fertilizer can be applied to the middle part.

[0025] 4) After adjusting the spacing of the rotary tillage components, the corresponding bottom fertilizer pipe, seed pipe, and outlet fertilizer pipe can all be adjusted accordingly; at the same time, the adjustment structure is simple, which enables the seeder to meet different sowing scenarios and improve its applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a precision seeder for small-seed crops according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of a precision seeder for small-seed crops according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the seed metering device in this invention, with the viewpoint being viewed from above.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the seed metering device in the present invention, wherein the viewpoint is from bottom to top;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the seed metering device in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the seed metering device of the present invention with part of the seed protector removed;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the seed metering device of the present invention with part of the seed protector and seed protector silicone removed;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the seed metering device of the present invention without all seed protectors and seed protector silicone.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a front view of the seed dispensing system, the fertilizer dispensing system, and the first spacing adjustment component in this invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a bottom view of the first spacing adjustment component in this invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a front view of the second spacing adjustment component in this invention;

[0037] Figure 12This is a side view of the second spacing adjustment component in this invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a front view of the rotary tillage component in this invention;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a side view of the rotary tillage component in this invention;

[0040] In the diagram, 1-frame fan system, 11-fan assembly, 12-frame body, 2-ditching and soil preparation system, 21-ditching device, 22-disc harrow, 23-rotating shaft, 24-adjusting retaining ring, 25-rotary tillage blade, 3-seed metering system, 31-seed box, 32-seed metering device, 33-seed distributor, 34-seed metering pipe, 4-fertilizer discharge system, 41-fertilizer box, 42-fertilizer discharge device, 43-fertilizer distributor, 44-fertilizer discharge pipe, 5-base fertilizer system, 51-base fertilizer box, 52-fertilizer quantity adjustment port, 53-base fertilizer discharge pipe, 6-second spacing adjustment component, 61-adjustment 62-Fixed plate, 63-Sliding block, 64-Guide groove, 65-Hinged rod, 66-Cylinder, 7-Two-way synchronous assembly, 71-Double-headed threaded rod, 72-Support plate, 73-Slider, 8-First spacing adjustment assembly, 81-Crossbeam, 82-Adjusting block, 83-Sliding head, 84-Slide groove, 91-Base, 92-Inlet, 93-Discharge port, 94-Seed dispensing shaft, 95-Seed dispensing wheel, 96-Blank wheel, 97-Seed protection silicone, 98-Seed protection body, 99-Seed dispensing hole, 910-Seed stirring shaft, 911-Seed stirring teeth, 912-Brush, 913-Seed unloading plate. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] See Figures 1-14 This invention provides a technical solution: a precision seeder for small-grain crops, comprising a frame fan system 1, a ditching and soil-preparing system 2, a seed metering system 3, a fertilizer outlet system 4, and a base fertilizer outlet system 5. The frame fan system 1 includes a frame body 12 and a fan assembly 11; the ditching and soil-preparing system 2 includes a ditch opener 21, a rotary tillage assembly, and a disc harrow 22; the seed metering system 3 includes a seed box 31, a seed metering device 32, a seed distributor 33, and a seed metering pipe 34; the fertilizer outlet system 4 includes a fertilizer box 41, a fertilizer outlet device 42, a fertilizer distributor 43, and a fertilizer outlet pipe 44; and the base fertilizer outlet system 5 includes a base fertilizer box 51, a fertilizer adjustment port 52, and a base fertilizer outlet pipe 53.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the fan assembly 11 is located in the middle of the frame body 12. The fan assembly 11 is connected to the seed dispensing system 3, the fertilizer dispensing system 4 and the bottom fertilizer dispensing system 5 through pipelines. The fan assembly 11 provides power to the seed dispensing system 3, the fertilizer dispensing system 4 and the bottom fertilizer dispensing system 5.

[0044] The seeding system 3 and the fertilizer discharge system 4 are horizontally arranged at the rear end of the frame body 12, the ditching and soil preparation system 2 is located at the front bottom of the frame body 12, and the bottom fertilizer discharge system 5 is located above the ditching and soil preparation system 2.

[0045] The working principle of the seeder in this embodiment is as follows: The tractor is connected to the seeder, the furrowing and soil-raising system 2 performs the tillage operation, the rotary tillage component rotates to till the soil, the furrow opener 21 opens furrows on both sides, and at the same time the disc harrow 22 cuts the straw on both sides to prevent the straw from getting tangled in the furrow opener 21. The seedbed surface after being tilled by the rotary tillage component is smoothed by the soil-raising scraper.

[0046] While the ditching and soil preparation system 2 is operating, the base fertilizer discharge system 5 discharges fertilizer from the base fertilizer box 51 into the soil through the base fertilizer discharge pipe 53 via the fertilizer quantity adjustment port 52. At this time, the rotary tillage component can turn over and mix the base fertilizer discharged from the front end with the soil. The base fertilizer discharge pipe 53 is placed in front of the seeder, and under the action of the rotary tillage component, the base fertilizer mixes with the soil and is distributed in different soil layers.

[0047] At the same time, the seed metering system 3 and the fertilizer discharge system 4 located at the rear also operate synchronously. The seeds in the seed box 31 enter the seed distributor 33 through the seed metering device 32, and then the wind generated by the fan assembly 11 discharges the seeds from the seed metering pipe 34 into the turned soil. Similarly, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 41 enters the fertilizer distributor 43 through the fertilizer discharge device 42, and then the wind generated by the fan assembly 11 discharges the fertilizer from the fertilizer discharge pipe 44 to the ground surface, providing nutrients for the seeds discharged from the seed metering pipe 34 during the seedling stage, thereby promoting strong seedlings.

[0048] Then as Figures 3-8 As shown, the seed metering device 32 includes a base 91 and a seed metering assembly and a seed stirring assembly located within the base 91. The seed metering assembly includes a seed metering shaft 94 and a blank wheel 96 and a seed metering wheel 95 sleeved on the seed metering shaft 94. The outer circumference of the seed metering wheel 95 has multiple rows of seed metering holes 99, with adjacent rows of seed metering holes 99 arranged alternately. Each blank wheel 96 and seed metering wheel 95 is fitted with a set of seed-protecting silicone 97. The outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone 97 is toothed, and each seed-protecting silicone 97 has a seed-protecting body 98 that meshes with it. Multiple seed-protecting bodies 98 are fixed to the base 91 by pins.

[0049] The seed protector 98 and the seed protector silicone 97 have a semi-circular cross-section. One end of the seed protector 98 and the upper end of the machine base 91 form a feed inlet 92. The feed inlet 92 is located above the seed stirring shaft 910 and is connected to the seed box 31. The other end of the seed protector 98 and the bottom of the machine base 91 form a discharge port 93, which is connected to the seed distributor 33.

[0050] Through the above technical solution, the seed metering shaft 94 and the seed stirring shaft 910 pass through both sides of the machine base 91, and the seed metering shaft 94 drives the seed stirring shaft 910 to rotate. A blank wheel 96 and a seed metering wheel 95 are fitted onto the seed stirring shaft 910. The blank wheel 96 is located on both sides of the seed metering wheel 95 and fits tightly. The number of seed metering wheels 95 can be increased according to actual needs. The seed metering wheel 95 and the blank wheel 96 have the same wheel width. Each seed metering wheel 95 and blank wheel 96 has a seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 on its outer ring. The inner ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 fits against the outer ring of the blank wheel 96 and the seed metering wheel 95. The outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 is toothed, and each seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 has a seed-protecting body 98 on its outer ring. The inner ring of the seed-protecting body 98 is toothed and meshes with the outer ring of the seed-protecting silicone rubber 97. The seed-protecting silicone rubber 97 and the seed-protecting body 98 mesh through the toothed structure. Multiple seed protectors 98 are fixed to the machine base 91 via connecting pins, thus integrating the seed protectors 98 and the machine base 91. The seed-protecting silicone 97 is also fixed to the seed protectors 98 via a toothed structure, ensuring that the rotation of the seed dispensing shaft 94 does not cause the seed-protecting silicone 97 to rotate synchronously. Furthermore, since the seed protectors 98 and seed-protecting silicone 97 are modular units, they can be easily disassembled and installed.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the seed metering wheel 95, seed protection silicone 97, and seed protection body 98 all feature a material reduction design to reduce weight and save costs.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a brush 912 is provided at one end of the seed protector 98 near the feed inlet 92. The brush 912 is located at the front end of the seed protector silicone 97. Multiple sets of stirring teeth 911 are provided in the axial direction of the stirring shaft 910. A seed unloading plate 913 is provided on one side of the lower end of the machine base 91 located at the stirring shaft 910. The stirring shaft 910 is a hexagonal prism, and the stirring teeth 911 adopt a structure in which U-shaped steel wires are wrapped around the stirring shaft 910. This structure is convenient for installation and disassembly, and also has a low cost.

[0053] The working principle of the seeding device 32 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0054] Seeds in the seed box 31 enter the seed metering device 32 through the feed inlet 92. As the stirring shaft 910 and the metering shaft 94 rotate, individual seeds enter the matching seed metering holes 99. With the support of the brush 912, only seeds entering the seed metering holes 99 rotate smoothly with the metering shaft 94. Then, as the shaft rotates, the seeds in the seed metering holes 99 are discharged from the discharge port 93 into the seed distributor 33 for further distribution. The seed metering device 32 ensures the stability and accuracy of seed metering, guaranteeing uniform sowing. The seed metering wheel 95 can be added or removed according to actual seed metering needs, and the corresponding seed-protecting silicone 97 and seed-protecting body 98 can be easily disassembled.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, a first spacing adjustment component 8 is provided below the seed metering pipe 34 and the fertilizer outlet pipe 44, and the spacing between the seed metering pipe 34 and the fertilizer outlet pipe 44 is adjusted by the first spacing adjustment component 8.

[0056] Then refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the first spacing adjustment assembly 8 includes a crossbeam 81 and an adjustment block 82. The two ends of the crossbeam 81 are detachably connected to the two ends of the frame body 12. A sliding groove 84 is provided below the crossbeam 81. A sliding head 83 is provided on the top of the adjustment block 82 and is slidably connected to the sliding groove 84. A locking nut is provided on the sliding head 83. The adjustment block 82 is provided with openings on both sides of the crossbeam 81. The seed discharge pipe 34 and the fertilizer discharge pipe 44 pass through the openings respectively.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, each adjusting block 82 has a seed metering pipe 34 and a fertilizer outlet pipe 44 passing through it, ensuring that the fertilizer outlet can simultaneously provide nutrients to the seeds discharged from the seed metering pipe 34 during the seedling stage, thereby promoting strong seedlings. The adjusting block 82 is slidably connected to the crossbeam 81 via a sliding head 83. The diameter of the sliding head 83 is larger than the width of the groove 84, preventing the sliding head 83 from detaching from the groove 84. The distance between adjacent seed metering pipes 34 and fertilizer outlet pipes can be adjusted using the sliding head 83 and the groove 84, thus adjusting the final seed sowing width. Simultaneously, tightening the nuts secures the adjusting block 82 to the crossbeam 81, ensuring stability during seed metering.

[0058] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the two bottom fertilizer discharge systems 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fan assembly 11. Each bottom fertilizer discharge system 5 is provided with a corresponding second spacing adjustment component 6. The bottom fertilizer discharge pipe 53 of each bottom fertilizer discharge system 5 adjusts the spacing through the second spacing adjustment component 6. A bidirectional synchronization component 7 is provided between the two sets of second spacing adjustment components 6. The two second spacing adjustment components 6 adjust the distance through the bidirectional synchronization component 7.

[0059] With the above technical solution, since the fan assembly 11 is located in the middle and the two base fertilizer boxes 51 are located on both sides of the fan assembly 11, the traditional base fertilizer discharge pipe 53 is difficult to discharge base fertilizer to the middle. The spacing of the base fertilizer discharge pipes 53 on each side can be adjusted by the second spacing adjustment component 6, and at the same time, the two base fertilizer discharge pipes 53 in the middle can be brought together by the bidirectional synchronization component 7, so that base fertilizer can be released to the middle part.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figures 11-12 As shown, the second spacing adjustment assembly 6 includes a fixed plate 62, an adjusting plate 61, and sliding blocks 63. The fixed plate 62 is provided with a slide rail, and multiple sliding blocks 63 are slidably connected to the fixed plate 62 through the slide rail. The adjusting plate 61 is provided with multiple inclined guide grooves 64, and each sliding block 63 cooperates with the corresponding guide groove 64 through a hinge rod 65. A cylinder 66 is provided above the fixed plate 62, and the cylinder seat of the cylinder 66 is fixed on the fixed plate 62. One end of the piston rod of the cylinder 66 is connected to the top of the adjusting plate 61.

[0061] With the above technical solution, when the piston rod of the cylinder 66 drives the adjusting plate 61 to move down, the guide groove 64 on the adjusting plate 61 will drive the corresponding hinge rod 65 in the groove to move, thereby driving the connected sliding block 63 to move horizontally along the slide rail. Since the guide groove 64 is arranged at an inclined angle, each sliding block 63 can be adjusted at equal intervals, thereby adjusting the spacing of the bottom fertilizer pipe 53 on the sliding block 63.

[0062] Furthermore, the bidirectional synchronization component 7 includes a double-ended threaded rod 71, a support plate 72, and a slider 73. The double-ended threaded rod 71 is located above the fixed plate 62, and both ends of the double-ended threaded rod 71 are connected to the frame body 12. The threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded rod 71 are opposite. The support plate 72 is located in the middle of the double-ended threaded rod 71, and one end of the support plate 72 is connected to the bottom fertilizer box 51. The double-ended threaded rod 71 passes through the other end of the support plate 72. The slider 73 is threadedly engaged with the double-ended threaded rod 71. A slider 73 is provided in the middle of each fixed plate 62, and two sliders 73 are located at the two ends of the double-ended threaded rod 71. The slider 73 is provided with a through hole for the bottom fertilizer discharge pipe 53 to pass through.

[0063] Simultaneously, the two sets of second spacing adjustment components 6 move in the same direction and in opposite directions through the bidirectional synchronization component 7. The slider 73 is threadedly engaged with the double-ended threaded rod 71. The threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded rod 71 are opposite, so when the double-ended threaded rod 71 rotates, the sliders 73 at both ends move in the same direction or in opposite directions, thereby driving the connected second spacing adjustment components 6 and the bottom fertilizer discharge pipe 53 to move closer or further away, enabling effective application of bottom fertilizer to the central blank area when they are close. At the same time, the support plate 72 is located in the middle and is used to support the double-ended threaded rod 71 and the second spacing adjustment components 6.

[0064] Furthermore, such as Figures 13-14 As shown, the rotary tillage assembly includes a rotating shaft 23, an adjusting ring 24, and rotary tillage blades 25. The adjusting ring 24 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 23 and detachably connected to it. The adjusting ring 24 has a split structure, which facilitates the engagement of the adjusting ring 24 with the rotating shaft 23. The split structure of the adjusting ring 24 is fixed by bolts, and after tightening, the adjusting ring 24 and the rotating shaft 23 are fixed in place. Simultaneously, a locking screw is provided in the radial direction of the adjusting ring 24 to further secure the adjusting ring 24 and the rotating shaft 23. The rotary tillage blades 25 are detachably connected to the adjusting ring 24, facilitating the replacement of the rotary tillage blades 25. The adjusting ring 24 can drive the rotary tillage blades 25 to adjust their position on the rotating shaft 23, thereby adjusting the tillage spacing to adapt to different tillage needs.

[0065] With the above technical solution, after adjusting the spacing of the rotary tillage components, the corresponding bottom fertilizer pipe 53, seed pipe 34, and outlet fertilizer pipe 44 can all be adjusted accordingly; at the same time, the adjustment structure is simple, which enables the seeder to meet different sowing scenarios and improve its applicability.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or related technologies or knowledge. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A precision seeder for small-grain crops, comprising a frame fan system (1), a ditching and soil-preparing system (2), a seed dispensing system (3), a fertilizer dispensing system (4), and a bottom fertilizer dispensing system (5), wherein the frame fan system (1) comprises a frame body (12) and a fan assembly (11); the ditching and soil-preparing system (2) comprises a ditch opener (21), a rotary tillage assembly, and a disc harrow (22); the seed dispensing system (3) comprises, in sequence, a seed box (31), a seed dispensing device (32), a seed distributor (33), and a seed dispensing pipe (34); the fertilizer dispensing system (4) comprises, in sequence, a fertilizer box (41), a fertilizer dispensing device (42), a fertilizer distributor (43), and a fertilizer dispensing pipe (44); and the bottom fertilizer dispensing system (5) comprises, in sequence, a bottom fertilizer box (51), a fertilizer adjustment port (52), and a bottom fertilizer dispensing pipe (53), characterized in that: The seed metering device (32) includes a base (91) and a seed metering component and a seed stirring component located in the base (91). The seed metering component includes a seed metering shaft (94) and a blank wheel (96) and a seed metering wheel (95) sleeved on the seed metering shaft (94). The outer circle of the seed metering wheel (95) has multiple rows of seed metering holes (99) arranged in a circumferential array. The seed metering holes (99) in adjacent rows are arranged alternately. Each blank wheel (96) and seed metering wheel (95) is sleeved with a set of seed protection silicone (97). The outer ring of the seed protection silicone (97) is toothed. Each seed protection silicone (97) has a seed protection body (98) that meshes with it. Multiple seed protection bodies (98) are fixed to the base (91) by pins. A first spacing adjustment component (8) is provided below the seeding tube (34) and the fertilizer outlet tube (44), and the spacing between the multiple seeding tubes (34) and fertilizer outlet tubes (44) is adjusted by the first spacing adjustment component (8). Two bottom fertilizer discharge systems (5) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blower assembly (11). A second spacing adjustment component (6) is provided under each bottom fertilizer discharge system (5). The bottom fertilizer discharge pipe (53) of each bottom fertilizer discharge system (5) adjusts the spacing through the second spacing adjustment component (6). A bidirectional synchronization component (7) is provided between the two sets of second spacing adjustment components (6). The two second spacing adjustment components (6) adjust the distance through the bidirectional synchronization component (7). The rotary tillage assembly includes a rotating shaft (23), an adjusting ring (24), and a rotary tillage blade (25). The adjusting ring (24) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (23) and detachably connected to the rotating shaft (23). The rotary tillage blade (25) is detachably connected to the adjusting ring (24). The position of the rotary tillage blade (25) on the rotating shaft (23) is adjusted by the adjusting ring (24).

2. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the seed protector (98) and the seed protector silicone (97) is a semi-circular structure. One end of the seed protector (98) and the upper end of the machine base (91) form a feed inlet (92). The feed inlet (92) is located above the seed stirring shaft (910). The feed inlet (92) is connected to the seed box (31). The other end of the seed protector (98) and the bottom of the machine base (91) form a discharge port (93). The discharge port (93) is connected to the seed distributor (33).

3. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seed protector (98) is provided with a brush (912) at one end near the feed inlet (92). The brush (912) is located at the front end of the seed protector silicone (97). The seed stirring shaft (910) is provided with multiple sets of seed stirring teeth (911) in the axial direction. The machine base (91) is provided with a seed unloading plate (913) on one side of the lower end of the seed stirring shaft (910).

4. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spacing adjustment component (8) includes a crossbeam (81) and an adjustment block (82). The two ends of the crossbeam (81) are detachably connected to the two ends of the frame body (12). A sliding groove (84) is provided below the crossbeam (81). A sliding head (83) is provided on the top of the adjustment block (82) and is slidably connected to the sliding groove (84). A locking nut is provided on the sliding head (83). Openings are provided on both sides of the adjustment block (82) located on the crossbeam (81). The seeding pipe (34) and the fertilizer outlet pipe (44) pass through the openings respectively.

5. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second spacing adjustment assembly (6) includes a fixed plate (62), an adjustment plate (61), and a sliding block (63). The fixed plate (62) is provided with a slide rail, and multiple sliding blocks (63) are slidably connected to the fixed plate (62) through the slide rail. The adjustment plate (61) is provided with multiple inclined guide grooves (64), and each sliding block (63) cooperates with the corresponding guide groove (64) through a hinge rod (65). A cylinder (66) is provided above the fixed plate (62), and the cylinder seat of the cylinder (66) is fixed on the fixed plate (62). One end of the piston rod of the cylinder (66) is connected to the top of the adjustment plate (61).

6. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bidirectional synchronization component (7) includes a double-ended threaded rod (71), a support plate (72), and a slider (73). The double-ended threaded rod (71) is located above the fixed plate (62). Both ends of the double-ended threaded rod (71) are connected to the frame body (12). The threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded rod (71) are reversed. The support plate (72) is located in the middle of the double-ended threaded rod (71). One end of the support plate (72) is connected to the bottom fertilizer box (51). The double-ended threaded rod (71) passes through the other end of the support plate (72). The slider (73) is threadedly engaged with the double-ended threaded rod (71). A slider (73) is provided in the middle of each fixed plate (62). The two sliders (73) are located at the two ends of the double-ended threaded rod (71). The slider (73) is provided with a through hole for the bottom fertilizer pipe (53) to pass through.

7. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting ring (24) has a split structure, and a locking screw is provided in the radial direction of the adjusting ring (24). The adjusting ring (24) is fixed to the rotating shaft (23) by the locking screw.

8. The precision seeder for small-seed crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan assembly (11) is located in the middle of the frame body (12). The fan assembly (11) is connected to the seeding system (3), the fertilizer outlet system (4) and the bottom fertilizer outlet system (5) through pipelines. The seeding system (3) and the fertilizer outlet system (4) are arranged horizontally at the rear end of the frame body (12). The trenching and soil preparation system is located at the bottom front end of the frame body (12). The bottom fertilizer outlet system (5) is located above the trenching and soil preparation system.

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