Environment-friendly composite culture medium for agaric cultivation
By optimizing the processing method and composition of wood ear culture medium, the problems of low nutrient utilization rate and environmental risks of traditional culture medium were solved, efficient growth and environmentally friendly production of wood ear were achieved, and the yield and quality of wood ear were improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510667693.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-12
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The traditional wood ear culture medium has a low nutrient utilization rate and cannot meet the growth needs of wood ear. It also poses environmental risks, affecting yield, quality and environmental quality.
Nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic treatment of sawdust, plasma activation of cottonseed hulls, and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cobs were used. Modified bran rich in trace elements, new mineral enhancers, and microencapsulated microbial fermentation agents were added to optimize the culture medium composition and fermentation process.
It increases the nutrient absorption rate of wood ear mycelium, enhances the growth of wood ear, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, reduces harmful gas emissions, ensures the quality stability of the culture medium, improves yield and quality, and promotes industrial modernization.
Smart Images
Figure CN120615596A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation matrix optimization technology, in particular to an environmentally friendly composite culture medium for wood ear cultivation. Background Art
[0002] Wood ear mushrooms, a popular edible fungus, are rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and are widely used in food, medicine, and other fields. With the continued growth of market demand for wood ear mushrooms, the wood ear mushroom cultivation industry is expanding. However, traditional wood ear mushroom cultivation culture media present numerous problems, seriously hindering the sustainable development of the industry.
[0003] Traditional wood ear mushroom culture media are often simply a mixture of sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corncobs, and other raw materials. The nutrients in these ingredients are often difficult for the wood ear mushroom mycelium to quickly and fully absorb. For example, the lignin and cellulose in sawdust have a stable structure, requiring the mycelium to secrete multiple enzymes to decompose them over a long period of time to obtain nutrients. This results in a prolonged growth cycle and low production efficiency.
[0004] Traditional culture media are nutrient-limited and lack key trace elements and active substances necessary for the growth of wood ear mushrooms. In addition to basic nutrients like carbon and nitrogen sources, trace elements like zinc, iron, and manganese play a vital role in the growth of mycelium, the development of fruiting bodies, and the accumulation of nutrients. However, traditional culture media cannot meet these requirements, making it difficult to improve the yield and quality of wood ear mushrooms.
[0005] Traditional culture media present environmental risks during their preparation and use. For one thing, untreated raw materials, when piled for fermentation, are prone to breeding bacteria and pests. To control pests and diseases, growers often overuse chemical pesticides, which not only pollutes the cultivation environment but can also lead to pesticide residues, compromising the food safety of the wood ear mushroom. Furthermore, the fermentation process using traditional culture media, due to the irrational microbial community structure and low fermentation efficiency, produces a large amount of odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, which negatively impacts surrounding air quality.
[0006] While existing improved culture media have addressed some of these issues to a certain extent, they still have limitations. For example, some modified culture media contain chemically synthesized nutrients, which can increase wood ear yields. However, long-term use can alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, hindering sustainable ecological development. Furthermore, some culture media using biological agents are difficult to widely use in actual production due to poor formulation stability and significant environmental impact.
[0007] Against this backdrop, the development of a novel culture medium that can both improve the yield and quality of wood ear mushrooms while also addressing environmental concerns is urgent. This invention aims to provide a highly efficient and environmentally friendly composite culture medium for wood ear cultivation through innovative raw material processing, the addition of unique nutrients, and microbial fermentation agents, thereby promoting the green and sustainable development of the wood ear cultivation industry. Summary of the Invention
[0008] (1) Technical problems solved
[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly composite culture medium for cultivating wood ear mushrooms.
[0010] (2) Technical solution
[0011] An innovative environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing wood ear mushrooms comprises 35-45 parts by weight of sawdust pretreated with nano-titanium dioxide photocatalysis; 25-35 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls treated with plasma activation; 12-18 parts by weight of corn cobs pretreated with enzymatic hydrolysis, wherein the corn cobs are hydrolyzed at 45-55°C for 2-3 hours using a 2:1 mixture of cellulase and xylanase; 12-18 parts by weight of modified bran rich in various trace elements, wherein zinc, iron, and manganese are introduced through a chelating reaction; and 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of a novel mineral synergist Z, which is a composite silicate containing lithium and rubidium, with the chemical formula being Li 0.3 Rb 0.1 (SiO3)2; 0.8-1.5 parts by weight of a novel bioactive agent M, which is an organic polymer containing nitrogen and phosphorus, and has the structural formula:
[0012]
[0013] 1-2 parts by weight of microencapsulated microbial fermentation agent Y, comprising strains of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in optimized proportions, and the microcapsule wall material is a composite of sodium alginate and chitosan.
[0014] Preferably, when nano-titanium dioxide is used for photocatalytic pretreatment of sawdust, the loading amount of nano-titanium dioxide is 0.5%-1% of the mass of sawdust, and the intensity of ultraviolet light is 10-20 mW / cm 2 , the irradiation time is 2-3 hours.
[0015] Preferably, when the cottonseed hulls are treated with plasma activation, the plasma discharge power is 100-200 W, the treatment time is 10-15 minutes, and the gas atmosphere is a mixture of argon and oxygen in a ratio of 9:1.
[0016] Preferably, when the corn cob is pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis, the total enzyme activity of cellulase and xylanase is 1000-1500 U / g, and the enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 4.5-5.5.
[0017] Preferably, the total content of zinc, iron and manganese in the modified bran is 0.1%-0.3%.
[0018] Preferably, the molar ratio of lithium to rubidium in the novel mineral synergist Z is 3:1-5:1.
[0019] Preferably, the molecular weight of the novel bioactive agent M is 5000-10000 Da.
[0020] Preferably, when the microbial fermentation agent Y is microencapsulated, the concentration of sodium alginate is 2%-3%, the concentration of chitosan is 1%-2%, and the particle size of the microcapsules is 100-200 μm.
[0021] Preferably, the ratio of the number of strains of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in the microbial fermentation agent Y is 4:3:2.
[0022] Preferably, a method for preparing an environmentally friendly composite culture medium for cultivating wood ear mushrooms according to any of the above items comprises the following steps: first, pretreated sawdust, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are mixed in proportion, an appropriate amount of water is added to make the moisture content reach 62%-64%, and pre-wetting at 40-45°C for 18-20 hours; then, modified bran, a new mineral synergist Z and a new bioactive agent M are added and stirred evenly; then, a microencapsulated microbial fermentation agent Y is introduced and fermented at 28-32°C for 4-6 days, during which the pile is turned every 10 hours and the oxygen content in the pile is controlled at 18%-20%; after the fermentation is completed, the moisture content of the culture medium is adjusted to 61%-63%, and the pH value is detected to be between 6.0-6.5, and then the culture medium can be used for cultivating wood ear mushrooms.
[0023] (3) Beneficial technical effects
[0024] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0025] 1. Sawdust pretreated with nano-titanium dioxide photocatalysis, cottonseed hulls activated with plasma, and corncobs pretreated with enzymatic hydrolysis significantly improve the nutrient availability of the raw materials. The wood ear mycelium rapidly absorbs nutrients, significantly accelerating its growth rate. Compared with traditional culture media, the mycelium takes less time to fill the bag, laying the foundation for high yields.
[0026] 2. The synergistic effect of modified bran rich in multiple trace elements, the novel mineral synergist Z, and the novel bioactive agent M provides comprehensive and sufficient nutrition for the growth of wood ear mushrooms. This results in stronger growth of the wood ear mushroom fruiting bodies, resulting in larger, more fleshy fruiting bodies. Actual cultivation has demonstrated that the use of the culture medium of the present invention slightly increases wood ear mushroom yield compared to traditional culture medium, and also increases the content of nutrients such as protein and polysaccharides in the wood ear mushrooms, resulting in a better taste and greater market competitiveness.
[0027] 3. Microencapsulated microbial fermentation medium Y contains an optimized ratio of microbial strains, effectively inhibiting the growth of bacteria during the fermentation process and reducing the use of chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the optimized microbial community structure makes the fermentation process more efficient and stable, reducing the generation of odorous gases. Testing has shown that during fermentation using this medium, emissions of harmful gases such as ammonia are significantly reduced, significantly improving the cultivation environment.
[0028] 4. The culture medium preparation method of the present invention is scientific and rational, and precise control of the raw material pretreatment and fermentation process ensures the stability and consistency of the culture medium quality. This not only reduces the operational difficulty and cost for growers, but also provides a strong guarantee for large-scale industrial production of wood ear mushrooms, helping to promote the modernization of the wood ear mushroom cultivation industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Figure 1 This is a flow chart for the preparation of an environmentally friendly composite culture medium for fungus cultivation;
[0030] Figure 2 It is a bar chart comparing the comprehensive performance of the embodiment and the comparative example;
[0031] Figure 3 1. It is a line graph comparing the yield of wood ear mushrooms and the comprehensive emission of harmful gases in the embodiment and the comparative example;
[0032] Figure 4 It is a bar chart comparing the cost-effectiveness of the embodiment and the comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] according to Figures 1 to 4 , the specific implementation methods of the present invention are as follows:
[0034] Example 1
[0035] Raw material preparation
[0036] Sawdust pretreatment: Select 50kg of broadleaf wood chips and evenly spread 0.3kg of nano-titanium dioxide on the surface of the sawdust. 2 Irradiate under UV light for 2.5 hours.
[0037] Cottonseed hull pretreatment: 35 kg of cottonseed hull was treated in a plasma discharge power of 150 W and an argon-oxygen 9:1 mixed gas atmosphere for 12 minutes.
[0038] Corncob pretreatment: weigh 15 kg corncobs and crush them into 3-6 mm, add cellulase and xylanase with a total enzyme activity of 1200 U / g and a ratio of 2:1, and enzymatically hydrolyze them at pH 5 and 50°C for 2.5 hours.
[0039] Bran modification: Take 15kg of wheat bran and add zinc, iron and manganese through chelation reaction to make the total content reach 0.2%.
[0040] New mineral synergist Z: weigh 2 kg of composite silicate Li0.3Rb0.1(SiO3)2 with a lithium-rubidium molar ratio of 4:1.
[0041] New bioactive agent M: Prepare 1.2 kg of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic polymer with a molecular weight of 7000 Da.
[0042] Microbial fermentation agent Y: Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces strains were mixed in a quantitative ratio of 4:3:2, and microencapsulated with 2.5% sodium alginate and 1.5% chitosan to obtain 1.2 kg of microencapsulated microbial fermentation agent Y.
[0043] Preparation process
[0044] The pretreated sawdust, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs were mixed, water was added to a moisture content of 63%, and pre-wetted at 42°C for 19 hours.
[0045] Add modified bran, new mineral synergist Z and new bioactive agent M and stir well.
[0046] Microencapsulated microbial fermentation agent Y was introduced and fermented at 30°C for 5 days, with the pile turned over every 10 hours to control the oxygen content in the pile to 19%.
[0047] After fermentation, the water content of the culture medium is adjusted to 62% and the pH value is measured to be 6.2, which can be used for wood ear cultivation.
[0048] Example 2
[0049] Raw material preparation
[0050] Sawdust pretreatment: 40kg broadleaf wood chips, loaded with 0.2kg nano-titanium dioxide, 12mW / cm 2 Irradiate with UV light for 2 hours.
[0051] Cottonseed hull pretreatment: 30 kg of cottonseed hulls were treated at a plasma power of 120 W for 10 minutes, using the same gas atmosphere as in Example 1.
[0052] Corncob pretreatment: 12 kg corncob, total enzyme activity 1000 U / g, pH 4.8, enzymatic hydrolysis at 48 °C for 2 h.
[0053] Bran modification: 12kg wheat bran, with a total trace element content of 0.15%.
[0054] New mineral synergist Z: 1.5 kg, lithium-rubidium molar ratio 3.5:1.
[0055] New bioactive agent M: 1kg, molecular weight 6000Da.
[0056] Microbial fermentation agent Y: 1 kg, strain ratio and microencapsulation conditions are the same as in Example 1.
[0057] Preparation process
[0058] Raw material mixing and pre-wetting: moisture content 62%, pre-wetting at 40℃ for 18 hours.
[0059] Add other ingredients and mix well.
[0060] The fermentation agent was added and the fermentation was carried out at 28°C for 4 days, with the compost turned every 10 hours. The oxygen content was 18%.
[0061] Adjust the water content to 61% and the pH to 6.0.
[0062] Example 3
[0063] Raw material preparation
[0064] Sawdust pretreatment: 45 kg broadleaf wood chips, 0.4 kg nano-titanium dioxide loading, 18 mW / cm 2 Irradiate with UV light for 3 hours.
[0065] Cottonseed hull pretreatment: 32 kg cottonseed hull, 180 W plasma power, treatment for 13 minutes, gas atmosphere as before.
[0066] Corncob pretreatment: 13 kg corncob, total enzyme activity 1300 U / g, pH 5.2, enzymatic hydrolysis at 52 °C for 2.8 h.
[0067] Bran modification: 13kg wheat bran, with a total trace element content of 0.25%.
[0068] New mineral synergist Z: 1.8 kg, lithium-rubidium molar ratio 4.5:1.
[0069] New bioactive agent M: 1.3 kg, molecular weight 8000 Da.
[0070] Microbial fermentation agent Y: 1.3 kg, the strain ratio and microencapsulation conditions are the same.
[0071] Preparation process
[0072] Mix the raw materials and add water to a moisture content of 63.5%, and pre-wet at 43°C for 20 hours.
[0073] Add the remaining ingredients and mix well.
[0074] The fermentation agent was added and fermented at 31°C for 5.5 days, with the compost turned every 10 hours and the oxygen content being 20%.
[0075] Adjust the water content to 62.5% and the pH to 6.3.
[0076] Comparative Example
[0077] Raw material preparation
[0078] Take 50 kg of ordinary broad-leaved wood chips without pretreatment.
[0079] 35kg of ordinary cottonseed hulls, without activation treatment.
[0080] 15 kg of ordinary corn cobs, only crushed to a suitable particle size, without enzymatic hydrolysis.
[0081] 15kg of ordinary wheat bran, no trace elements added.
[0082] No new mineral enhancer Z and new biological active agent M were added.
[0083] Take 1 kg of ordinary microbial fermentation agent (not microencapsulated, and the microbial ratio is not optimized).
[0084] Preparation process
[0085] Mix sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and bran, add water to make the moisture content reach 60%, and pile them at room temperature for 12 hours.
[0086] Ordinary microbial fermentation agents were added and fermented at 25°C for 3 days with occasional turning of the pile without strict control of oxygen content.
[0087] After the fermentation was completed, the water content was adjusted to 60% and the pH value was not tested.
[0088] Performance Testing
[0089] Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 are significantly better than the comparative example in terms of mycelium full bag time, wood ear yield, protein content and ammonia emissions during the fermentation process. Specifically, the mycelium full bag time of Example 1 is 20 days, the yield reaches 150 kg per 100 bags, the protein content is 12%, and the ammonia emissions are 50 mg per cubic meter; the full bag time of Example 2 is 22 days, the yield is 140 kg, the protein content is 11.5%, and the ammonia emissions are 60 mg; Example 3 performs best, with mycelium full bags in only 19 days, a yield of 160 kg, a protein content of 12.5%, and ammonia emissions of 45 mg. In comparison, the mycelium full bag time of the comparative example is as long as 28 days, the yield is only 100 kg, the protein content is 9%, and the ammonia emissions are as high as 150 mg. It can be seen that the optimized culture medium technology of the present invention significantly shortens the growth cycle, improves yield and quality, and greatly reduces environmental pollution.
[0090] The comprehensive performance comparison between the embodiment and the comparative example is shown in the following table:
[0091] Table 1
[0092]
[0093] Conclusion: This table comprehensively demonstrates the differences between the Examples and the Comparative Examples in key performance aspects of wood ear cultivation. The Examples significantly outperformed the Comparative Examples in mycelial growth rate, wood ear yield and quality, and environmental performance, highlighting the technical advantages of the present invention.
[0094] The cost-effectiveness comparison of the embodiment and the comparative example is shown in the following table:
[0095] Table 2
[0096]
[0097]
[0098] Conclusion: This table compares the costs and benefits of the Examples and Comparative Examples. Although the raw material costs of the Examples are slightly higher, the net profit is significantly higher than that of the Comparative Examples due to the reduction in pesticide usage and labor management costs, and the significant increase in total revenue, demonstrating the good economic benefits of the present invention.
[0099] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus, characterized in that: The invention comprises 35-45 parts by weight of sawdust pretreated with nano-titanium dioxide photocatalysis; 25-35 parts by weight of cottonseed hulls treated with plasma activation; 12-18 parts by weight of corn cobs pretreated with enzymatic hydrolysis, wherein the corn cobs are hydrolyzed at 45-55°C for 2-3 hours using a mixture of cellulase and xylanase in a ratio of 2:1; and 12-18 parts by weight of modified bran rich in various trace elements, wherein zinc, iron and manganese are introduced through chelation reaction. 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of a new mineral synergist Z, which is a composite silicate containing lithium and rubidium, with the chemical formula Li 0.3 Rb 0.1 (SiO3)2; 0.8-1.5 parts by weight of a novel bioactive agent M, which is an organic polymer containing nitrogen and phosphorus, and has the structural formula: 1-2 parts by weight of microencapsulated microbial fermentation agent Y, comprising strains of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in optimized proportions, and the microcapsule wall material is a composite of sodium alginate and chitosan.
2. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein When nano-titanium dioxide is used for photocatalytic pretreatment of sawdust, the loading amount of nano-titanium dioxide is 0.5%-1% of the mass of sawdust, and the intensity of ultraviolet light is 10-20mW / cm 2 , the irradiation time is 2-3 hours.
3. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein When the cottonseed hulls are treated with plasma activation, the plasma discharge power is 100-200 W, the treatment time is 10-15 minutes, and the gas atmosphere is a mixture of argon and oxygen at a ratio of 9:
1.
4. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein When corn cobs are pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis, the total enzyme activity of cellulase and xylanase is 1000-1500 U / g, and the enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 4.5-5.
5.
5. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein The total content of zinc, iron and manganese in the modified bran is 0.1%-0.3%.
6. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein The molar ratio of lithium to rubidium elements in the novel mineral synergist Z is 3:1-5:
1.
7. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein The molecular weight of the novel bioactive agent M is 5000-10000 Da.
8. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein When microbial fermentation agent Y is treated by microencapsulation, the concentration of sodium alginate is 2%-3%, the concentration of chitosan is 1%-2%, and the particle size of the microcapsule is 100-200 μm.
9. The environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to claim 1, wherein The ratio of the number of strains of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in microbial fermentation agent Y is 4:3:
2.
10. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly composite culture medium for growing fungus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, pretreated sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corn cobs are mixed in proportion, and an appropriate amount of water is added to adjust the moisture content to 62%-64%. The mixture is pre-wetted at 40-45°C for 18-20 hours. Modified bran, a novel mineral synergist Z, and a novel bioactive agent M are then added and stirred evenly. Microencapsulated microbial fermentation agent Y is then introduced and fermented at 28-32°C for 4-6 days. The pile is turned every 10 hours during the fermentation period, and the oxygen content in the pile is controlled at 18%-20%. After the fermentation is completed, the moisture content of the culture medium is adjusted to 61%-63%, and the pH value is detected to be between 6.0 and 6.
5. The mixture can then be used for wood ear cultivation.