Planting method for increasing yield of astragalus membranaceus by reducing application of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer in astragalus membranaceus intercropping

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for increasing the yield of astragalus mongholicus by reducing application of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer in astragalus mongholicus intercropping, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method is implemented through the six steps of land parcel selection, green manure intercropping, astragalus membranaceus sowing, fertilization management, pest control and harvesting and processing. According to the method, the planting time of the green manure crops is 10-15 days of the planting time of the astragalus membranaceus, the growth cycle of the green manure crops can be effectively controlled, and the green manure crops can play maximum benefits in the growth process of the astragalus membranaceus. In the fertilization management step, n is larger than or equal to 2 and smaller than or equal to 4, the fertilization frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation, and the nutritional requirement for growth of astragalus membranaceus is better met. According to the method, green manure crops are planted before planting, the bio-organic fertilizer is used for replacing a stem and leaf landfill agent, the high astragalus membranaceus yield and the high organic matter conversion rate are achieved, the yield of fresh astragalus membranaceus products is 911.6-912.4 kg / mu, the yield of dry astragalus membranaceus products is 349.8-351.7 kg / mu, the organic matter conversion rate is 30.67%-32.55%, and economic benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method for intercropping astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application to increase astragalus yield. Background Art

[0002] Astragalus membranaceus is a widely cultivated medicinal herb in my country with high medicinal value. However, traditional astragalus cultivation methods have several challenges, including low yields, declining soil fertility, and severe pest and disease problems. To address these challenges, researchers have conducted extensive research and practice, developing a method that intercrops astragalus membranaceus with green manure and reduces nitrogen fertilizer use to increase astragalus yield.

[0003] A search of existing literature revealed that Chinese patent application CN111011145A, published on April 17, 2020, discloses a method for increasing the yield of astragalus. Before sowing, the selected land is plowed in autumn, fertilized, harrowed and leveled, and ridged. The astragalus seeds are then treated with sulfuric acid. After sowing, the soil is covered and mulched. When the astragalus seedlings reach a certain value, the initial and final plant spacings are determined, and a plant nutrient solution is sprayed on the roots of the astragalus seedlings to increase the yield of astragalus. Although this patent application can increase the yield of astragalus, it does not significantly improve the soil structure, and the organic matter conversion rate is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method that can significantly improve soil structure, increase astragalus yield by intercropping astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, with high organic matter conversion rate.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Select the plot: Choose a plot with flat terrain, deep soil, and good drainage, and carry out deep plowing and careful cultivation;

[0008] 2) Green manure intercropping: Plant green manure crops, such as milk vetch and pea, between the rows of astragalus, using a mixed row spacing of 1.5m-1.7m and 2.6-2.8m, with a distribution ratio of 5-6:1 in a strip pattern to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure;

[0009] 3) Sowing Astragalus: After the Astragalus plants turn green in spring, dig furrows with a row spacing of 35-40 cm. Cover the tops of the Astragalus seedlings with soil for 4-6 cm. Cut 2 / 5 of the aboveground stems and leaves into 4-6 cm sections and turn them over in the furrows. Use a bio-organic fertilizer sprayer to evenly spray bio-organic fertilizer into the furrows.

[0010] 4) Fertilization management: According to the growth needs of Astragalus, set up soil monitoring points and divide the soil into n zones along the drip irrigation network, namely odd-numbered zones and even-numbered zones. Fertilize the odd-numbered zones 2n times per week, and the even-numbered zones 2n+1 times per week.

[0011] 5) Pest and disease control: Regularly check the growth of Astragalus and take timely control measures if any pests and diseases are found;

[0012] 6) Harvesting and processing: When the astragalus plants grow to a certain height, they are harvested and sun-dried or oven-dried.

[0013] Furthermore, the planting time of the green manure crops in the green manure intercropping step is 10 to 15 days of the planting time of the astragalus.

[0014] Furthermore, the bio-organic fertilizer in the step of sowing astragalus is prepared by the following method: selecting grass, fiber organic materials, fresh water hyacinth and livestock manure, mixing and grinding them into fine pieces to form preliminary processed materials; after grinding, stirring them evenly and fermenting them, adding a composting agent during the fermentation process to ferment them, drum drying the fully fermented materials to reduce the moisture content to less than 25%, fermenting them for 4 to 6 days, turning the pile 6 to 8 times, and introducing dry oxygen during the stacking and fermentation process to finally form bio-organic fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, in the fertilization management step, the value range of n is 2≤n≤4.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1) The present invention can increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fertility by planting green manure crops, such as milk vetch and pea, between the astragalus planting rows, thereby helping to improve the yield and quality of astragalus.

[0018] 2) After the astragalus turns green in spring, the present invention cuts 2 / 5 of the above-ground stems and leaves and turns them over in a ditch, and uses a bio-organic fertilizer spraying device to evenly spray bio-organic fertilizer, which can provide the nutrients required for plant growth, promote soil microbial activity, and further increase soil fertility.

[0019] 3) The present invention sets soil monitoring points, divides the soil into zones along the drip irrigation network, and adopts a fertilization management method of fertilizing 2n times a week in odd-numbered zones and 2n+1 times a week in even-numbered zones. This can more scientifically and rationally meet the nutritional needs of astragalus growth and increase astragalus yield.

[0020] 4) The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention comprises selecting grass, fibrous organic materials, fresh water hyacinth and livestock manure, mixing and mincing them into fine pieces, and then subjecting them to fermentation, drying, composting and other treatments to form bio-organic fertilizer. This method not only fully utilizes agricultural waste resources and reduces production costs, but also avoids excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces soil pollution, and is conducive to sustainable agricultural development.

[0021] 5) The green manure crop is planted 10 to 15 days after the astragalus is planted, effectively controlling the growth cycle of the green manure crop and maximizing its effectiveness during the astragalus growth process. The value of n in the fertilization management step ranges from 2 ≤ n ≤ 4, allowing for flexible adjustment of the fertilization frequency based on actual conditions to better meet the nutritional needs of astragalus growth.

[0022] 6) In the present invention, green manure crops are planted first, and bio-organic fertilizer is used instead of stem and leaf landfill agent, which has a higher astragalus yield and organic matter conversion rate. The yield of fresh astragalus is 911.6-912.4 kg / mu, the yield of dry astragalus is 349.8-351.7 kg / mu, and the organic matter conversion rate is 30.67%-32.55%, with significant economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. However, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can derive alternative technical solutions from the following description without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0026] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0027] 1) Select the plot: Choose a plot with flat terrain, deep soil, and good drainage, and carry out deep plowing and careful cultivation;

[0028] 2) Green manure intercropping: Green manure crops, such as milk vetch and pea, are planted between the rows of astragalus, with a mixed row spacing of 1.5 mm and 2.6 m, and a strip arrangement with a distribution ratio of 5:1, to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure. The planting time of green manure crops is 10 days after the planting time of astragalus.

[0029] 3) Sowing Astragalus: After the Astragalus turns green in spring, furrows are dug with a row spacing of 35 cm, the length of the soil covering the rhizome of the Astragalus seedlings is 4 cm, and 2 / 5 of the above-ground stems and leaves are cut into 4 cm small segments and turned over in the furrow; a bio-organic fertilizer spraying device is used to evenly spray the bio-organic fertilizer into the furrow; the bio-organic fertilizer in the step of sowing Astragalus is prepared by the following method: selecting grass, fibrous organic materials, fresh water hyacinth and livestock manure, mixing and mincing them into fine pieces to form a preliminary processed material; after crushing, stirring and fermenting, adding a composting agent during the fermentation process to ferment, drum drying the fully fermented material to reduce the moisture content to less than 25%, fermenting for 4 days, turning the pile 6 times, and introducing dry oxygen during the pile fermentation process to finally form a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0030] The weight ratio of each component in the biological organic fertilizer is: 30 parts of grass, 35 parts of fiber organic materials, 20 parts of fresh water hyacinth, and 50 parts of livestock manure.

[0031] 4) Fertilization management: Based on the growth needs of Astragalus, soil monitoring points were set up and the soil was divided into four zones along the drip irrigation network, namely odd-numbered zones and even-numbered zones. Fertilization was applied four times a week in the odd-numbered zones and five times a week in the even-numbered zones.

[0032] 5) Pest and disease control: Regularly check the growth of Astragalus and take timely control measures if any pests and diseases are found;

[0033] 6) Harvesting and processing: When the astragalus plants grow to a certain height, they are harvested and sun-dried or oven-dried.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0036] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1) Select the plot: Choose a plot with flat terrain, deep soil, and good drainage, and carry out deep plowing and careful cultivation;

[0038] 2) Green manure intercropping: Green manure crops, such as milk vetch and pea, are planted between the rows of astragalus, with a mixed row spacing of 1.6m and 2.7m and a strip arrangement with a distribution ratio of 5:1 to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure. The planting time of green manure crops is 13 days after the planting time of astragalus.

[0039] 3) Sowing Astragalus: After the Astragalus turns green in spring, furrows are dug with a row spacing of 38 cm, the length of the soil covering the rhizome of the Astragalus seedlings is 5 cm, and 2 / 5 of the above-ground stems and leaves are cut into 5 cm small segments and turned over in the furrow; a bio-organic fertilizer spraying device is used to evenly spray the bio-organic fertilizer into the furrow; the bio-organic fertilizer in the step of sowing Astragalus is prepared by the following method: selecting grass, fibrous organic materials, fresh water hyacinth and livestock manure, mixing and mincing them into fine pieces to form a preliminary processed material; after crushing, stirring and fermenting, adding a composting agent during the fermentation process to ferment, drum drying the fully fermented material to reduce the moisture content to less than 25%, fermenting for 5 days, turning the pile seven times, and introducing dry oxygen during the pile fermentation process to finally form a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0040] The weight ratio of each component in the biological organic fertilizer is: 35 parts of grass, 45 parts of fiber organic materials, 25 parts of fresh water hyacinth, and 55 parts of livestock manure.

[0041] 4) Fertilization management: Based on the growth needs of Astragalus, soil monitoring points were set up and the soil was divided into five zones along the drip irrigation network, namely odd-numbered zones and even-numbered zones. Fertilization was applied six times a week in the odd-numbered zones and seven times a week in the even-numbered zones.

[0042] 5) Pest and disease control: Regularly check the growth of Astragalus and take timely control measures if any pests and diseases are found;

[0043] 6) Harvesting and processing: When the astragalus plants grow to a certain height, they are harvested and sun-dried or oven-dried.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0046] A planting method for increasing the yield of Astragalus by intercropping Astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application comprises the following steps:

[0047] 1) Select the plot: Choose a plot with flat terrain, deep soil, and good drainage, and carry out deep plowing and careful cultivation;

[0048] 2) Green manure intercropping: Green manure crops, such as milk vetch and pea, are planted between the rows of astragalus, with a mixed row spacing of 1.7m and 2.8m and a strip arrangement with a distribution ratio of 6:1 to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure. The planting time of green manure crops is 15 days after the planting time of astragalus.

[0049] 3) Sowing Astragalus: After the Astragalus turns green in spring, furrows are dug with a row spacing of 40 cm, the length of the soil covering the rhizome of the Astragalus seedlings is 6 cm, and 2 / 5 of the above-ground stems and leaves are cut into 6 cm small segments and turned over in the furrow; a bio-organic fertilizer spraying device is used to evenly spray the bio-organic fertilizer into the furrow; the bio-organic fertilizer in the step of sowing Astragalus is prepared by the following method: selecting grass, fibrous organic materials, fresh water hyacinth and livestock manure, mixing and mincing them into fine pieces to form a preliminary processed material; after crushing, stirring and fermenting, adding a composting agent during the fermentation process to ferment, drum drying the fully fermented material to reduce the moisture content to less than 25%, fermenting for 6 days, turning the pile 8 times, and introducing dry oxygen during the pile fermentation process to finally form a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0050] The weight ratio of each component in the biological organic fertilizer is: 40 parts of grass, 55 parts of fiber organic materials, 30 parts of fresh water hyacinth, and 60 parts of livestock manure.

[0051] 4) Fertilization management: Based on the growth needs of Astragalus, soil monitoring points were set up and the soil was divided into four zones along the drip irrigation network, namely odd-numbered zones and even-numbered zones. Fertilization was applied four times a week in the odd-numbered zones and five times a week in the even-numbered zones.

[0052] 5) Pest and disease control: Regularly check the growth of Astragalus and take timely control measures if any pests and diseases are found;

[0053] 6) Harvesting and processing: When the astragalus plants grow to a certain height, they are harvested and sun-dried or oven-dried.

[0054] Experimental example

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] The planting time of the green manure crop in step 2) is carried out at the same time as the planting time of astragalus, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 2: The bio-organic fertilizer in step 3) was replaced with a stem and leaf landfill agent, and the other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Document 3: Delete step 2), and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0059] For Examples 1 to 3, as well as Comparative Documents 1, 2, and 3, comparative experiments were conducted on the yield of Astragalus and the conversion rate of organic matter, as shown in Table 1:

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] From Table 1 we can see that:

[0063] Regarding comparative document 1: Green manure crops and astragalus are planted at the same time. The green manure crops cannot provide nutrients to astragalus, and thus cannot supplement nutrients. Its organic matter conversion rate is only 20.61%, and the fresh astragalus is 869.7 kg / mu, and the dry astragalus is only 330.8 kg / mu.

[0064] Regarding comparative document 2: When the biological organic fertilizer was replaced with stem and leaf landfill, its organic matter conversion rate was only 21.54%, its fresh astragalus was 865.3 kg / mu, and its dry astragalus was only 332.9 kg / mu.

[0065] Regarding comparative document 3, without planting green manure crops, the organic matter conversion rate is only 20.97%, the fresh astragalus is 860.7 kg / mu, and the dry astragalus is only 335.6 kg / mu.

[0066] It can be seen that the present invention plants green manure crops first and uses bio-organic fertilizer instead of stem and leaf landfill agent, which has higher astragalus yield and organic matter conversion rate. The yield of fresh astragalus is 911.6-912.4 kg / mu, the yield of dry astragalus is 349.8-351.7 kg / mu, the organic matter conversion rate is 30.67%-32.55%, and the economic benefit is significant.

[0067] The above description is only a specific implementation method of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes, replacements or combinations within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure or based on the ideas disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and they should all be covered by the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application to increase astragalus yield, comprising selecting a plot, intercropping green manure, sowing astragalus, fertilizing management, pest control, and harvesting and processing, characterized in that: The green manure intercropping step includes planting green manure crops, such as milk vetch and pea, between the astragalus planting rows, using a mixed row spacing of 1.5m to 1.7m and 2.6 to 2.8m, and a strip arrangement with a distribution ratio of 5 to 6:1 to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure; The sowing steps of the astragalus root are as follows: after the astragalus root turns green in spring, furrows are opened with a row spacing of 35 to 40 cm, the length of the soil covering the rhizome of the astragalus root seedling is 4 to 6 cm, 2 / 5 of the above-ground stems and leaves are cut into small sections of 4 to 6 cm and turned over in the furrows; and the bio-organic fertilizer is evenly sprayed into the furrows using a bio-organic fertilizer spraying device; The fertilization management steps include setting soil monitoring points according to the growth needs of astragalus, dividing the soil into n zones along the drip irrigation network, namely odd-numbered zones and even-numbered zones, fertilizing the odd-numbered zones 2n times a week, and fertilizing the even-numbered zones 2n+1 times a week.

2. The planting method for increasing astragalus yield by intercropping astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting time of green manure crops in the green manure intercropping step is 10 to 15 days after the planting time of astragalus.

3. The planting method for increasing astragalus yield by intercropping astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The bio-organic fertilizer in the step of sowing astragalus is prepared by the following method: selecting grass, fiber organic materials, fresh water hyacinth and livestock manure, mixing them and grinding them into fine pieces to form preliminary processed materials; after grinding, stirring them evenly and fermenting them, adding a composting agent during the fermentation process, drying the fully fermented materials by drums to reduce the moisture content to less than 25%, fermenting them for 4 to 6 days, turning the piles 6 to 8 times, and introducing dry oxygen during the pile fermentation process to finally form bio-organic fertilizer.

4. The planting method for increasing astragalus yield by intercropping astragalus with green manure and reducing nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The value range of n in the fertilization management step is 2≤n≤4.

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