Polygonatum kingianum planting matrix and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a polygonatum kingianum planting matrix and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting.The matrix comprises a base layer, a core layer and a surface covering layer, the core layer comprises specific medicinal plant residue fermentation products and is prepared from specific plant residues through a specific pretreatment process of multi-stage fermentation and sterilization of a complex microbial inoculant, and the surface covering layer is prepared from the specific medicinal plant residue fermentation products; the method is used for simulating litters under the forest and releasing substances capable of inducing the physiological activity of the polygonatum kingianum. The core layer is also added with core microbial components which at least comprise arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi capable of constructing and maintaining a loose, breathable and porous structure of the core layer and enhancing nutrient absorption and an efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing flora, and the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria symbiotic with the lichens in the surface coating layer and the efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing flora of the core layer have a synergistic effect, so that the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria nitrogen-fixing effect is improved. Double biological nitrogen fixation sources of the surface layer and the root zone are provided for the polygonatum kingianum, healthy growth of the polygonatum kingianum can be remarkably promoted, the soil structure is improved, the plant stress resistance and the nutrient utilization efficiency are enhanced, and good ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, in particular to a polygonatum dahliae planting matrix and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important traditional Chinese medicinal material, Polygonatum sibiricum has high medicinal and economic value. With the increase in market demand, higher requirements are placed on the artificial standardization and ecological cultivation technology of Polygonatum sibiricum. At present, the cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum still faces many challenges. For example, how to construct a planting matrix that can not only meet its specific nutritional needs, but also promote its healthy growth and improve the quality of medicinal materials, while also enhancing the plant's resistance to stress, reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests and maintaining the long-term health of the soil is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in this field. Traditional planting methods often rely on experience and lack standardized matrix formulas that can fully utilize modern biotechnology and ecological principles. This may lead to poor plant growth, frequent diseases, and uneven quality of medicinal materials. Excessive reliance on exogenous fertilizers and pesticides also brings hidden dangers to the environment and quality safety.

[0003] There are some attempts in the prior art to cultivate substrates or methods for Polygonatum plants: For example, Chinese invention patent CN115024185B discloses a substrate for artificial cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is mainly composed of magnesium-modified attapulgite, peat soil, wood ash, chinaberry bark and mulberry leaves. It aims to prevent pests and reduce the use of pesticides through specific additives (such as chinaberry bark and mulberry leaves). This scheme has made some explorations in the use of natural substances for disease and pest prevention.

[0004] Another Chinese invention patent, CN115362897B, discloses a method for cultivating polygonatum that helps improve its quality. The method involves rapid propagation through tissue culture and a cultivation matrix comprising peat soil, wood ash, and a specific fermentation product (a mixed fermentation of sweet potato vines, pine needles, corn stalks, and EM bacterial solution), in combination with a culture solution containing Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus coagulans to improve the transplant survival rate and disease resistance of tissue culture seedlings. This approach focuses on the early growth and adaptability of tissue culture seedlings and introduces microorganisms and fermentation products.

[0005] The above designs introduce specific natural materials or microorganisms in order to improve plant growth, prevent and control pests and diseases, or increase the survival rate of transplants. However, there are still certain limitations: the integrity and synergy of the ecosystem construction are insufficient, the biological activity and functional induction potential of the matrix are not explored in depth, the refined design of the matrix structure and functional zoning is lacking, and there is insufficient systematic consideration of meeting the specific physiological needs of Polygonatum odoratum and improving the quality of the medicinal materials.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a special ecological planting matrix for Polygonatum yunnanensis that can overcome the above limitations, by constructing a reasonable structure, optimized components, especially containing fermented medicinal plant residues prepared by a specific pretreatment process to simulate natural habitats and induce plant physiological activity, while integrating a complex microbial community including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and an efficient dual biological nitrogen fixation system, so as to achieve efficient nutrient circulation, rhizosphere microecological balance, healthy plant growth and improved medicinal material quality, and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a Polygonatum sibiricum planting matrix and a preparation method thereof to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a Yunnan polygonatum planting matrix and a preparation method thereof, comprising: a base layer (10); a core layer (20) arranged in sequence from bottom to top, accounting for a predetermined volume ratio of the total matrix, the core layer (20) accounting for 60-75% of the total volume of the total matrix, comprising: (I) a physical matrix, the physical matrix consisting of the following three types of components, and the sum of the volume percentages of the three types of components is 100%: (A) a fermentation product of a specific medicinal plant residue, accounting for 5-10% of the total volume of the physical matrix of the core layer, the fermentation product is selected from the needles of pine plants, the needles or barks of cupressaceae plants, or the non-medicinal parts of honeysuckle vines or isatis indigotica leaves, and is obtained by multi-stage fermentation with temperature and humidity control using a composite bacterial agent containing at least one of EM bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum or trichoderma viride, and subsequently undergoing pasteurization or high-temperature steam sterilization process, the fermentation product is used to simulate the characteristics of forest litter and can release secondary metabolites that gently stimulate the growth of Yunnan polygonatum or its physiological activity; (B) a functional composite additive component comprising 5-10% by volume of the total physical matrix of the core layer, the functional composite additive component itself being composed of the following subcomponents, in approximate weight percentages: food-grade diatomaceous earth or micronized zeolite (40-50%); a 1:1 mixture of phosphate rock powder and calcined oyster shell powder or bone meal (20-30%); and high-quality humic acid or fulvic acid granules (as the remainder of the aforementioned subcomponents to 100%, typically constituting 20-40% of the total weight of the functional composite additive component); (C) a basic organic and inorganic mixed medium, which comprises the remainder of the volume of the core layer physical matrix after the components of the fermented product of the specific medicinal plant residue (A) and the functional composite additive (B) are determined, and which generally accounts for 80-90% of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix, and the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium is itself a mixture of the following subcomponents in approximate volume percentages: fully fermented pine needle soil or broadleaf humus soil (40-50%); high-quality coconut coir (20-25%); a 1:1 mixture of perlite and vermiculite (10-15%); fine biochar powder activated by pretreatment with fish protein hydrolyzate or fermented soybean cake liquid (5-10%); and refined vermicompost (as the remainder of the volume of the aforementioned subcomponents to make up 100%, which generally accounts for 5-20% of the total volume of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium); (II) a core microbial component, added to the physical matrix, comprising at least: an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) agent that can effectively colonize the roots of Polygonatum cyrtonema, build and maintain a loose, breathable, porous structure in the core layer (20) through its extensive hyphal network and the role of promoting soil aggregate formation, and enhance nutrient absorption; and an efficient rhizozone nitrogen-fixing bacterial community; A surface covering layer (30), the surface covering layer (30) is located above the core layer (20), with a thickness of 1-3 cm, and comprises: a base covering material (e) composed of a mixture of fine-grained Akadama soil or Kanuma soil and weathered pine bark debris or coarse coconut palm powder in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:2, the material having an artificially created micro-topography with slight undulations; a second microbial component (f), the second microbial component comprising dried fragments or powdered buds of lichens selected from the genus Shieldia or the genus Adaptive Pneumocystis, containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, the sowing amount of which is 1-5 grams of dried lichen fragments or powdered buds per square meter of the surface covering layer, and mixed with diluted milk, rice soup or 0.1-0.5% (w / v) sodium alginate solution as an adhesion and germination promoter; wherein the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria symbiotic with the lichens in the surface covering layer (30) synergistically act with the efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the core layer (20) to provide a dual biological nitrogen fixation source in the surface layer and the root zone for the Polygonatum yunnanensis.

[0009] The base layer (10) accounts for 15-20% of the total volume of the total matrix, and is composed of the following components in approximate volume percentages: coarse river sand accounts for 20-30% of the volume of the layer; large pieces of bamboo charcoal or hardwood charcoal blocks account for 10-20% of the volume of the layer; and at least one selected from porous volcanic rock, large-grained ceramsite, high-temperature treated crushed walnut shells or chestnut shells, or a mixture thereof, as the remaining part of the base layer (10) up to 100% by volume; and the core microbial component in the core layer (20) further constitutes the main body of the first microbial community, and the first microbial community is further supplemented with: at least one saprophytic fungal agent selected from the genus Trichoderma, the inoculation amount of which is 1x105 -1x10 7 CFU; The efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria group consists of at least one bacterium selected from Paspalum nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Vine nitrogen-fixing bacteria or Azotobacillus, and the total nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculation amount is 1x10 per gram of core layer physical substrate. 6 -1x10 8 CFU; the inoculation amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) agent is 50-500 effective propagules per gram of core layer physical matrix; the first microbial community also includes at least one phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent selected from Bacillus megaterium or Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the inoculation amount is 1x10 per gram of core layer physical matrix. 6 -1x10 8 CFU, and / or at least one potassium-dissolving bacterial agent selected from Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus mycoides, the inoculum amount of which is 1x10 per gram of the core layer physical matrix. 6 -1x10 8 CFU.

[0010] The first microbial community in the core layer (20) further comprises at least one plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) or biocontrol microbial agent selected from Bacillus subtilis or antagonistic Streptomyces, and the inoculation amount thereof is 1x10 6 -1x10 8 CFU.

[0011] The component (B) functional composite additive component of the physical matrix (I) in the core layer (20) further comprises food-grade chitosan (molecular weight 5-200,000 Da) particles or seaweed extract (containing seaweed polysaccharides ≥20%) particles accounting for 0-5% by weight of the component.

[0012] The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculant in the core layer (20) contains at least two different genera or species of AMF to enhance the adaptability to different environmental conditions and the symbiotic efficiency with Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0013] The second microbial component (f) in the surface layer (30) also contains spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the same or synergistic species as those used in the core layer (20), and the amount of the spores is 1x10³-1x10 5 Spores.

[0014] In the core layer (20), the physical matrix (I) component (C) of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium comprises fully fermented pine needle soil or broadleaf humus soil accounting for 45% of its volume, high-quality coconut coir accounting for 23% of its volume, a 1:1 mixture of perlite and vermiculite accounting for 12% of its volume, pre-treated activated fine biochar powder accounting for 10% of its volume, and refined earthworm manure accounting for 10% of its volume.

[0015] A method for preparing the Polygonatum yunnanensis planting matrix according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (S1) preparing a base layer (10): laying materials to form a base layer that accounts for 15-20% of a predetermined volume of the total substrate according to the description of the components of the base layer (10) and their volume percentages in the layer; (S2) Preparation of core layer (20): (S2a) uniformly mixing the subcomponents of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium of the component (C) of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20) and their volume percentages in the medium by mechanical stirring or manual stirring to prepare a basic organic and inorganic mixed medium; (S2b) uniformly mixing the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium prepared in step (S2a), the components (A) fermentation product of specific medicinal plant residues, and (B) functional composite additive components of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20), by mechanical stirring or manual stirring according to their predetermined percentages in the total volume of the physical matrix of the core layer, to form the physical matrix body of the core layer; (S2c) uniformly inoculating or mixing various microbial agents involved in the description of the core microbial component (II) of the core layer (20) and the supplementary description of the first microbial community into the core layer physical matrix body prepared in step (S2b) according to their predetermined inoculation amounts; (S2d) placing the core layer matrix processed in step (S2c) on the base layer (10) to a thickness of 60-75% of the predetermined volume of the total matrix; (S3) Preparing the surface covering layer (30): After the basic covering material (e) components of the surface covering layer (30) are mixed in proportion and formed on the core layer (20) and a slightly undulating microtopography is formed, the dried fragments or powdered buds of the lichen containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of the second microbial component (f) in the surface covering layer (30) are mixed with an adhesion and germination promoter at a spreading rate of 1-5 grams per square meter of the surface of the surface covering layer and evenly spread or sprayed on the surface to a thickness of 1-3 cm.

[0016] The preparation of the fermentation product of the component (A) of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20) comprises: the specific plant residues of the component (A) are subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 7-15 days at a temperature of 25-35°C and a material humidity of 50-65% using a composite bacterial agent comprising at least one of EM bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum or Trichoderma viride, and then converted to aerobic composting fermentation for 15-30 days, and after the fermentation is completed, the fermentation is subjected to pasteurization (temperature of 65°C, duration of 30 minutes) or high-temperature steam sterilization (temperature of 121°C, duration of 20 minutes).

[0017] The core microbial component added in step (S2c) and the supplementary component of the first microbial community, or the second microbial component (f) added in step (S3) (excluding lichen propagules, including AMF spores), is prepared by mixing its effective live bacteria or propagules with a carrier material selected from calcium alginate, food-grade diatomaceous earth or pregelatinized starch at a ratio of 1-10% (w / w) to prepare slow-release bio-inducible capsules or pellets with a diameter of 0.5-5 mm, and the added amount of the capsules or pellets accounts for 0.1-2% of the dry weight of the physical matrix of the core layer (20).

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: First of all, the present invention can significantly promote the healthy growth of Polygonatum sibiricum, improve its overall vitality and production potential, and provide a long-lasting growth environment with excellent physical properties, balanced nutrients for the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum by constructing a core layer comprising fermented products of specific medicinal plant residues, a basic organic and inorganic mixed medium with optimized ratios, and functional composite additives. In particular, the introduction and diversified application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) not only greatly expand the absorption surface area of ​​the root system through its extensive mycelial network and enhance the absorption of key elements such as phosphorus, but also effectively promote the formation of soil aggregate structure and create a loose and breathable rhizosphere environment, thereby ensuring the healthy development of the root system and the vigorous growth of the plant, and ultimately expected to increase the unit yield and bioaccumulation of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention is committed to building and maintaining a healthy and sustainable soil micro-ecosystem, thereby improving the long-term fertility and health of the soil. The application of fermented products of specific medicinal plant residues in the core layer simulates the ecological function of the natural forest litter layer. Its slow decomposition can continuously replenish soil organic matter and may release beneficial secondary metabolites, further enriching soil biodiversity. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the complex microbial community including saprophytic fungi, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria accelerates the mineralization of organic matter and the conversion of insoluble nutrients in the soil, forming an efficient nutrient recycling system. Substances such as glomalin secreted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have a long-term effect on the stabilization and improvement of soil aggregate structure, reducing the risk of soil compaction and enhancing the self-repair and buffering capacity of the matrix.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention significantly enhances the resistance of Polygonatum sibiricum to various biological and abiotic stresses through multiple biological and ecological mechanisms, and effectively inhibits the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. For example, biocontrol microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and antagonistic Streptomyces introduced in the core layer can inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens by means of site competition, production of antibacterial substances or induction of plant systemic resistance. The biostimulants such as chitosan or seaweed extract contained in the functional composite additives can activate the defense system of Polygonatum sibiricum itself, and improve its adaptability and resistance to adverse environments (such as drought and temperature fluctuations). A healthy and biodiverse rhizosphere microenvironment itself can form a natural barrier to pathogenic microorganisms, thereby reducing the use of pesticides and ensuring the ecological quality of medicinal materials.

[0021] Fourth, the present invention realizes efficient biological transformation and continuous supply of key nutrients (especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) through the synergistic action of a dual biological nitrogen fixation system and multiple microorganisms, significantly improving nutrient utilization efficiency and reducing dependence on exogenous chemical fertilizers. The lichens containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the surface layer and the efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the core layer form a "top-down coordinated" nitrogen fixation network, continuously providing biological nitrogen to the plants from the air. At the same time, the phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms in the core layer can activate the fixed phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil and convert them into a form that can be absorbed by plants. This nutrient supply model based on biological pathways not only meets the nutritional needs of Polygonatum odoratum, but also better meets the requirements of ecological agriculture for efficient resource utilization and environmental protection.

[0022] Finally, the present invention provides a solid foundation for the improvement of the quality of Yunnan Polygonatum and standardized production through the refined matrix component preparation process and microbial application technology, and embodies the advanced concept of ecological cultivation. For example, the strictly controlled fermentation process of the fermentation products of specific medicinal plant residues ensures its quality as an organic improver and the stability of its potential physiological induction effect. The application of microbial sustained-release capsule or pellet technology ensures the survival rate, persistence and uniformity of the effect of beneficial microbial agents in the matrix. The comprehensive application of these technologies is not only expected to promote the accumulation and improvement of the medicinal active ingredients of Yunnan Polygonatum by improving the physiological state of the plant, but also provides a replicable and popularizable technical path for realizing the large-scale, standardized, high-quality and sustainable production of Yunnan Polygonatum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 For the ratio of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 For the ratio of the present invention Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It is to be noted that the directions of "left", "right", "up", "down", "front", "back", "inside" and "outside" in the following schemes are all relative directions and are not listed here one by one.

[0026] Example 1: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a special multi-layer functional planting matrix designed for artificial standardized cultivation of Polygonatum dahliae. The matrix structure is divided into three layers from bottom to top, namely a base layer (10), a core layer (20) and a surface layer (30). In a specific application case (for example, a planting pot with an inner diameter of 30 cm, a height of 25 cm, a theoretical capacity of about 17.6 L, and an actual total volume of the matrix filled is about 10.84 L), the volume occupied by each layer and its main functional positioning are as follows: The basal layer (10) accounts for 20.3% of the total actual volume of the matrix (e.g., 2.2 L). Its main function is to ensure excellent physical drainage performance, prevent water accumulation at the roots, provide bottom ventilation, and form a certain physical barrier to certain large soil organisms. The core layer (20) accounts for 77.5% of the total actual volume of the matrix (e.g., 8.4 L). This layer is the main functional area for the growth of the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum, nutrient and water absorption, and the performance of the core biological activity functions. The surface layer (30) is about 2 cm thick and accounts for 2.2% of the total actual volume of the matrix (e.g., 0.24 L). Its main functions include moisturizing, reducing water evaporation from the soil surface, inhibiting weed growth, assisting surface nitrogen fixation, and providing a buffered microecological environment for beneficial microorganisms.

[0027] To achieve its function, the base layer (10) of this embodiment is composed of the following components in approximate volume percentages: porous volcanic rock with a particle size of 8-16 mm and a rough and porous surface, accounting for 60% of the volume of the base layer. This material has excellent permeability and can quickly drain excess water. Coarse river sand is natural river sand with a particle size of 5-10 mm. It is repeatedly washed with clean water before use to remove mud and fine impurities, and is fully dried for standby use. It accounts for 25% of the volume of the base layer and is used to fill the gaps in the volcanic rock, stabilize the structure and further assist drainage. Large bamboo charcoal is mature bamboo without pesticide residues. After being carbonized at high temperature (for example, 800-1000°C), it is broken into blocks with a length, width and thickness of not less than 2 cm, accounting for 15% of the volume of the base layer. The bamboo charcoal is porous and can absorb some impurities, regulate humidity, and provide a certain habitat space for aerobic microorganisms.

[0028] During preparation, the above three materials are weighed according to the set ratio in a clean and dry environment, poured into a clean container or on the paving site, and fully mixed by hand or with small mixing equipment (such as a cement mixer) to ensure uniform distribution of each component. Subsequently, the mixed base layer material is evenly spread on the bottom of the planting container or the bottom of the pre-treated planting bed, and gently patted to form a predetermined thickness (for example, the thickness corresponding to a volume of 2.2L), and ensure that the surface is roughly flat.

[0029] The physical matrix of the core layer (20) is composed of three components: fermentation products of specific medicinal plant residues (A), functional composite additive components (B), and basic organic and inorganic mixed media (C), and the sum of the volume percentages of these three components is 100%.

[0030] (A) Fermentation of specific medicinal plant residues (accounting for 7% of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix): This component is designed to simulate the characteristics of the understory litter layer in the natural habitat of Polygonatum odoratum and use its fermentation products to gently stimulate the growth of Polygonatum odoratum or its physiological activity. Healthy and pest-free pine needles and a small amount of honeysuckle vines (non-medicinal parts) are selected and mixed in a weight ratio of 4:1. The mixture is crushed or cut into 1-3 cm lengths. A composite microbial agent is used. For example, a commercially available high-quality EM agent (effective viable count ≥ 1x10) is added to every 100 kg of treated plant residues. 9 CFU / ml) 3 kg, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (, active dry yeast) 1 kg, and Lactobacillus plantarum (, effective viable count ≥ 1x10¹ 0 CFU / g) of microbial agents per kg. All microbial agents were commercial products purchased from reputable microbial preparation suppliers and used according to the instructions.

[0031] Fermentation process: fully mix the plant residues with the compound bacterial agent calculated in proportion (can be activated with a small amount of sterile water first), gradually add clean water, and strictly control the moisture content of the material within the range of 55-65% (hold it into a ball with water visible between the fingers but not dripping), put the mixed material tightly into a sealed fermentation barrel or build a pile and cover it with a double layer of black agricultural plastic film, compact the edges, and place it in an environment where the temperature can be strictly maintained at 28-32°C (for example, in a temperature-controlled fermentation room) for 10 days of anaerobic fermentation. After the anaerobic fermentation is completed, Move the materials to a clean, well-ventilated composting site and pile them loosely (about 1-1.2 meters high and 1.5 meters wide). Keep the humidity of the materials at 50-60% (if they are dry during this period, spray them with clean water appropriately). Use a small compost turning machine or manually turn the compost thoroughly once a day (for example, once in the morning and once in the evening) to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and uniform fermentation. During this stage, the ambient temperature is maintained at 25-35°C. Due to microbial activity, the central temperature of the pile can naturally rise to 55-70°C and maintain for at least 5-7 days, then gradually drop back. The total duration of aerobic fermentation is 20 days.

[0032] Sterilization: After fermentation and composting are completed, in order to ensure biological safety, pasteurization (materials are kept under 65°C moist heat conditions for 30 minutes) or more thorough high-temperature and high-pressure steam sterilization (121°C, 20 minutes) is adopted. After treatment, it is naturally cooled to room temperature for use.

[0033] (B) Functional composite additive component (accounting for 7% of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix): This component is designed to supplement specific mineral elements, improve the physical and chemical properties of the matrix, and provide biological activity stimulation.

[0034] Components and proportions (weight ratio): Food-grade diatomaceous earth (passed through a 60-mesh sieve) accounts for 45%; natural phosphate rock powder (P2O5 content ≥25%, passed through a 60-mesh sieve) and high-temperature calcined (for example, 900°C, 2 hours) and crushed and sieved oyster shell powder (main component CaCO3, passed through a 60-mesh sieve) are mixed in a 1:1 weight ratio. This mixture accounts for 30% of the total additives (i.e., phosphate rock powder 15%, calcined oyster shell powder 15%); high-quality potassium humate granules (humic acid content ≥60%, water solubility ≥90%) account for 25%.

[0035] Preparation: Accurately weigh the above dry ingredients according to the proportion, pour them into a clean closed drum mixer, rotate and mix at low speed for 20-30 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are evenly dispersed and there are no visible lumps. After mixing, seal and store for later use.

[0036] (C) Basic organic and inorganic mixed medium (accounting for 86% of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix, as the remaining part after supplementing (A) and (B) to 100%): This medium is the main body of the core layer, providing the main physical support, water and basic nutrients for the root system.

[0037] Components and proportions (volume ratio): Pine needle humus that has been fully fermented for more than 3 years and sieved accounts for 45%; high-quality imported coconut peat that has been fully desalinated (EC value <0.5 mS / cm) accounts for 23%; horticultural grade perlite and vermiculite (both with a particle size of 3-6mm, pre-mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1) account for a total of 12%; fine bamboo charcoal powder (above 200 mesh, pre-adsorbed and saturated with 1% concentration of commercially available fish protein hydrolyzate at a 1:2 charcoal-to-liquid weight ratio for 12 hours, and then air-dried to a moisture content of about 20%) accounts for 10%; and refined and decomposed commercial earthworm manure (organic matter content ≥30%) accounts for 10%.

[0038] All raw materials must be free of obvious pests and diseases and harmful chemical residues. After each component is accurately measured in proportion, it is put into a large stainless steel horizontal screw mixer in turn and stirred at medium speed for 30-40 minutes until all components are evenly mixed, the color is consistent, and the humidity is moderate.

[0039] (II) Addition of core microbial components: After the three types of physical matrix components (A), (B), and (C) are fully mixed in proportion to form the physical matrix body of the core layer, screened, high-quality commercial microbial agents are evenly inoculated therein.

[0040] Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants should be composite inoculant products (spore density ≥ 1000 / g) containing at least two highly effective AMF species (such as Pseudomonas mosseae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the dosage should be calculated and added based on the standard of 100 effective propagules per gram of core layer physical matrix (dry weight).

[0041] The efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria group uses a composite bacterial agent product containing Paspalum nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Vitis vinifera (total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2x10 9 CFU / g), with 1×10 7 CFU of total nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculated.

[0042] Trichoderma saprophytic fungi agent: Use Trichoderma harzianum agent products (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 1x10 8 CFU / g), and 2×10 6 The amount of CFU inoculated.

[0043] Phosphate-dissolving bacterial agent selected from Bacillus megaterium (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2x10 9 CFU / g), with 1×10 7 The amount of CFU inoculated.

[0044] Potassium-dissolving bacterial agents are selected from Bacillus subtilis products (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2x10 9 CFU / g), with 1×10 7 The amount of CFU inoculated.

[0045] The calculated amounts of various powdered or granular microbial agents are evenly added to the core layer physical matrix during the final mixing stage by broadcasting or multi-point injection, and mixing is continued for 5-10 minutes to ensure dispersion. Alternatively, as described in claim 10, some or all of the microbial agents can be pre-formed into sustained-release capsules / pellets and then added. During the entire operation, avoid high temperatures and direct sunlight to protect the activity of the microorganisms.

[0046] Composition and preparation of surface coating This layer is designed to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and introduce surface nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. The base covering material (e) is made of fine-grained Japanese Akadama soil (particle size 2-5mm) and weathered pine bark debris (length 0.5-1cm) that has been screened to remove large pieces, mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 1:1.5. Before use, a small amount of clean water can be sprayed on the surface of the material until it is slightly damp (moisture content of about 30%).

[0047] Second microbial component (f): Preparation of lichen propagules: Peltigera spp. lichens can be collected sustainably in small quantities from pollution-free areas similar to the natural habitat of Polygonatum yunnanensis. After collection, remove impurities and dry thoroughly in a cool and ventilated place. The dried lichens can be gently crushed by hand or cut into small pieces or fragments of 2-5 mm with sterilized scissors, ensuring that their asexual reproductive structures (such as powder buds and crack buds) are included.

[0048] Sprinkle 3 g (1-5 g / m2) of the prepared lichen fragments per square meter of substrate surface, and thoroughly pre-wet with 0.3% (w / v) commercially available food-grade sodium alginate aqueous solution (or sterile milk diluted 10 times) to form a slightly sticky mixture.

[0049] After the core layer is filled and leveled, the mixed base covering material is evenly spread on its surface to a predetermined thickness of 2 cm. Then, some wavy or dotted micro-topography with an elevation of about 5-10 mm is artificially made on the surface of the covering layer by hand or with small tools. Finally, the pre-wetted lichen propagule mixture is evenly sprayed or spread on the surface of the prepared top covering layer to ensure that the lichen fragments are in good contact with the moist surface material to facilitate their recovery and colonization.

[0050] Working process The Yunnan Polygonatum sibiricum planting matrix constructed in this embodiment has various components that work synergistically to create an optimized ecological environment for the growth of Yunnan Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0051] The base layer provides stable support and efficient bottom drainage channels to prevent water accumulation; the basic organic and inorganic mixed media in the core layer (especially perlite, vermiculite, coconut coir and biochar) ensure good aggregate structure, porosity and moderate water retention capacity, providing a water-gas balanced growth space for the root system. The hyphae network of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi further shuttles and stabilizes these aggregates, maintaining and improving the looseness and air permeability of the substrate for a long time.

[0052] The earthworm castings and humus in the core layer, as well as the phosphate rock powder and calcined oyster shell powder in the functional compound additives, can slowly release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and a variety of trace elements. The fermentation products of specific medicinal plant residues will also continue to release organic nutrients during the decomposition process.

[0053] The symbiotic cyanobacteria of the lichen in the surface layer fix nitrogen in the air through photosynthesis. The released nitrogen can be absorbed by the surface roots or seep into the core layer with water. The efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the core layer directly fix nitrogen in the rhizosphere, providing a more direct nitrogen source for Polygonatum odoratum. This "top-down and bottom-up" dual biological nitrogen fixation system can significantly improve the biological effectiveness and sustainability of nitrogen supply, and reduce dependence on chemical nitrogen fertilizers.

[0054] The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the core layer can convert the fixed phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil into forms that can be absorbed by plants. The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) greatly expand the absorption range of the root system, especially enhancing the absorption efficiency of phosphorus and certain trace elements with poor mobility. Humic acid can chelate mineral ions and improve their effectiveness.

[0055] The various secondary metabolites such as small molecular organic matter, phenols, oligosaccharides, etc. released during the decomposition process of fermentation products of specific medicinal plant residues may have a mild and beneficial stimulation and induction on the rooting, growth and synthetic metabolic pathways of specific medicinal ingredients of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0056] Beneficial saprophytic fungi such as Trichoderma in the core layer can supplement the biocontrol bacteria, which can inhibit the growth of potential pathogenic microorganisms in the soil through competition, antagonism, and production of antibiotics, maintain the health and balance of the rhizosphere microecology, and reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases. The Akadama soil and pine bark debris covering layer with micro-topography can effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation, buffer surface temperature changes, inhibit weed growth, and provide favorable conditions for the colonization of lichens and beneficial microorganisms.

[0057] Taking a certain Yunnan Polygonatum odoratum authentic production area (e.g., about 2,300 meters above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 15°C and an annual rainfall of 800-1,000 mm) as an example, a gently sloping land (slope <15°) with natural understory scattered light conditions was selected as the cultivation test site.

[0058] In the selected plot, planting beds are dug in the east-west direction. The bed width is 1.2 meters and the depth is 0.4 meters. The length is determined according to the terrain. The bed bottom is flat and slightly tilted to one side to facilitate drainage.

[0059] Strictly follow the components, proportions, and preparation methods of each layer described in 1.1 and 1.2 of this Example, and fill the matrix layer by layer from bottom to top. First, lay the base layer material accounting for approximately 18% of the total depth (approximately 7.2 cm) and compact it appropriately. Then, fill the core layer matrix accounting for approximately 70% of the total depth (approximately 28 cm), which has been evenly mixed and inoculated with the core microbial components, and compact it appropriately. Finally, evenly lay a topcoat material about 2 cm thick on the surface of the core layer, organize the microtopography, and then sow the processed lichen propagules.

[0060] Select healthy, disease-free, uniformly sized rhizome segments of Polygonatum odoratum with full terminal buds (for example, 5-8 cm in length, with 2-3 buds) as planting materials. Before planting, soak the seed stems in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 20 minutes. After being fished out, rinse them with clean water and dry the surface moisture in a cool place. According to the density of 20 cm × 30 cm plant spacing, bury the seed stems flat or slightly tilted in the core layer with the buds facing upwards. The depth of the soil should be about 5-6 cm from the buds to the surface of the cover layer.

[0061] After planting, water thoroughly (rooting water) immediately to make the substrate fully moist. Subsequent management mainly includes: replenishing water in time according to weather conditions and substrate humidity, always keeping the core layer moist but not waterlogged, paying attention to drainage in the rainy season to avoid long-term waterlogging in the ridge, if the natural forest light is insufficient or too strong, it is necessary to build a sunshade net with a transmittance of about 60-70% for adjustment, before the surface layer forms a stable cover, if a small amount of weeds grow, they need to be manually removed in time, in the early stage of lichen colonization (about the first 2-3 months), if there is continuous dry weather, you can spray the surface layer with moisturizing spray to promote lichen For recovery and growth, consider adding a small amount (for example, 1 / 3 of the original sowing amount) of treated lichen propagules 1-2 months after planting to increase the coverage rate. In principle, no chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the entire growth cycle of Polygonatum yunnanensis (usually harvested in 2-3 years). In the middle and late growth stages (such as before budding in the spring of the second year or during the tuber enlargement period), a small amount (for example, 50-100 grams per square meter) of decomposed organic phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (such as fermented bone meal, wood ash, etc.) or biological organic fertilizers can be applied on the surface of the core layer (after peeling off the surface layer) as appropriate, and shallowly covered with soil.

[0062] The following growth performance and index improvements were observed for Polygonatum sibiricum cultivated using the substrate of this example, compared with a control group using local conventional planting soil (e.g., ordinary mountain yellow soil or red soil, improved by simple tillage and a small amount of farmyard manure): The multi-layer structure of the matrix and the scientific ratio of its components ensure that the root zone can be thoroughly drained and fully ventilated while maintaining moderate moisture and a stable temperature, greatly reducing the risk of growth stress and root rot caused by adverse soil environment (such as compaction, waterlogging, and drought). The fermentation products of specific medicinal plant residues simulate the natural habitat under the forest and slowly release nutrients. At the same time, their unique combination of secondary metabolites may have a positive induction and stimulation effect on the growth and physiological metabolism of the Polygonatum sibiricum root system, thereby enhancing its stress resistance and ability to absorb nutrients. At the same time, the "upper and lower synergistic" dual biological nitrogen-fixing system of nitrogen-fixing in the surface layer lichens and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the core layer root zone provides plants with a continuous, stable, And it is an environmentally friendly source of nitrogen, which significantly reduces dependence on chemical nitrogen fertilizers, reduces production costs and environmental pollution risks. The humus, coconut coir, biochar and other components in the basic organic medium, together with earthworm castings and specific fermentation products, provide excellent carriers and sustainable carbon sources and energy for the stable colonization, continuous reproduction and function of a large number of beneficial functional microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Trichoderma, phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. The long-term construction and maintenance of the AMF mycelial network on the soil aggregate structure ensures the long-term excellence of the physical properties of the matrix. A healthy, balanced and diverse rhizosphere micro-ecosystem is established, which can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful pathogenic microorganisms. The outbreak enhances the comprehensive disease resistance of the plant. The phosphate and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the core layer can effectively activate the phosphorus and potassium elements fixed in the soil and organic materials, and convert them into a form that is easily absorbed by the plant. The AMF mycorrhizal symbiotic system is like a huge underground absorption network, which greatly expands the effective absorption range of the root system and significantly improves the absorption efficiency of mineral nutrients with poor mobility such as phosphorus, zinc, and copper, as well as water. The entire matrix system emphasizes the recycling of organic materials and the stimulation of biological potential, which is in line with the development direction of resource-saving and environmentally friendly agriculture. Although the components and processes involved in this embodiment are relatively sophisticated, all raw materials can be purchased through conventional channels or according to clear processes. The preparation, formulation, layering and planting operation processes of the matrix are clear and specific, and have the basis for standardized operation and promotion and application in actual production. Through the above-mentioned multi-faceted and multi-level coordinated optimization, the planting matrix constructed in this embodiment can significantly promote the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of Yunnan Polygonatum, and increase the yield of underground tubers. At the same time, by improving the physiological health of the plant, enhancing stress resistance, and the induction of possible specific physiologically active substances, it is expected to simultaneously increase the content and accumulation of key effective ingredients (such as polysaccharides, total saponins, flavonoids, etc.) in Yunnan Polygonatum medicinal materials, thereby achieving a dual increase in yield and medicinal quality, with significant economic and social ecological benefits.

[0063] Example 2: like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment is based on the solid foundation of the Yunnan Polygonatum ecological synergistic matrix system constructed in Example 1. By optimizing the functional gain of the physical matrix components of the core layer (20), and further strengthening the diversity and synergistic effect of its core microbial community (II) and the first microbial community as its main body, it aims to provide more precise biochemical stimulation, stronger adversity resistance, more efficient nutrient utilization and a more superior rhizosphere microecological environment for the growth of Yunnan Polygonatum.

[0064] The Yunnan Polygonatum planting matrix described in this embodiment, its overall three-layer structure (base layer (10), core layer (20), and surface layer (30)) and the basic proportion of each layer in the total volume, the detailed composition of the base layer (10), the preparation and addition of component (A) of the physical matrix (I) in the core layer (20) of the specific medicinal plant residue fermentation product, and the composition and preparation of the surface layer (30) are all referred to the corresponding description of Example 1. The core improvements and detailed deepening of this embodiment are mainly reflected in the specific preferred ratio of component (C) of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20) of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium, the enhancement of component (B) of the functional composite additive component, and the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) agents in the core microbial component of the core layer (II) and the supplementation of specific plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) or biocontrol microbial agents in the first microbial community.

[0065] To further optimize the physicochemical properties of the core layer, in this embodiment, the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium of component (C) of the core layer physical matrix (I) adopts the following precise volume percentage formula (the sum of the volume percentages of each subcomponent is 100%): fully fermented and sieved pine needle humus 45%; high-quality desalted coconut peat (EC value <0.5 mS / cm) 23%; horticultural grade perlite and vermiculite (premixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, with a particle size of 3-5 mm) 12% in total; fine bamboo charcoal powder (200 mesh or above) saturated with 1% concentration fish protein hydrolyzate and air-dried and activated 10%; refined and decomposed commercial earthworm manure (organic matter content ≥30%) 10%. This ratio is intended to provide more ideal porosity, water holding capacity, aeration, and a slow-release nutrient base.

[0066] (B) Enhancement of the functional composite additive component: On the basis of the functional composite additive component described in Example 1 (comprising food-grade diatomaceous earth or micronized zeolite, a mixture of phosphate rock powder and calcined oyster shell powder / bone meal, and high-quality humic acid or fulvic acid granules), this example additionally introduces a bioactive stimulant to enhance the physiological function and stress resistance of Polygonatum yunnanensis. Specifically, food-grade chitosan granules (a commercially available high-quality product with a molecular weight of 100,000-150,000 Da and a degree of deacetylation ≥85%) are additionally added to the total weight of the functional composite additive component, accounting for 3% by weight of the component. When preparing the functional composite additive component, the chitosan granules are fully and uniformly physically mixed with other dry powder materials (diatomaceous earth, phosphate rock powder, etc.) in advance, and then the enhanced functional composite additive component is mixed into the overall physical matrix of the core layer at a ratio of 5-10% (for example, 7% in this example) of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix.

[0067] Based on the core microbial components and the first microbial community described in Example 1, this example performs the following functional enhancements: diversity enhancement of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) agents: The AMF microbial agent used in this embodiment particularly emphasizes the diversity of bacterial species, and selects AMF containing at least two different genera or species (for example, a composite microbial agent product containing both commercially available Moses's sclerotium and surface sclerotium, or root sclerotium and giant spore sclerotium) to ensure that the AMF in the microbial agent can more widely adapt to the microenvironmental differences that may exist in the core layer matrix, and increase the probability of successfully establishing an efficient symbiosis with a specific Yunnan Polygonatum genotype. The total AMF effective propagule inoculation amount remains within the range of 50-500 per gram of core layer physical matrix (for example, 200 effective propagules per gram are selected in this embodiment). These AMF microbial agents are all commercial products purchased from professional microbiology companies to ensure the purity and activity of the strains.

[0068] Targeted addition of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents: In order to further improve the growth potential of Polygonatum yunnanensis and enhance its resistance to soil-borne diseases, in this embodiment, a specific PGPR or biocontrol microbial agent is additionally added to the first microbial community of the core layer (20), specifically, Bacillus subtilis, with 1x10 7 CFU inoculation, and / or, antagonistic Streptomyces can be selected and added at 1x10 per gram of core layer physical matrix. 7CFU inoculation. These microbial agents are all commercial products. In actual operation, one of them can be selected according to the expected main effect (focusing on growth promotion or focusing on biological control of specific diseases). Alternatively, on the premise of confirming that there is no mutual antagonism between the selected strains and that the mechanisms of action are complementary, both (for example, Bacillus subtilis and antagonistic Streptomyces) can be inoculated at half the recommended dose (i.e., 5x10 of each type). 6 CFU / g matrix) for combined inoculation in order to obtain a wider range of biological effects, and these microbial agents are evenly mixed into the physical matrix of the core layer together with other microbial components of the core layer.

[0069] The basic organic and inorganic mixed medium provides a more stable and suitable physical and chemical environment for the symbiosis of roots and microorganisms, ensures a balanced supply of water, nutrients and air, and is the cornerstone for the efficient functioning of other biologically active components. Chitosan, as a natural bio-signal molecule, can be recognized by Polygonatum odoratum cells, thereby activating the defense signal pathways in the plant body (such as the jasmonic acid pathway and the salicylic acid pathway), inducing the production of a series of defense-related enzymes and secondary metabolites (such as phytoalexins, PR proteins, etc.), and enhancing the plant's resistance to pathogen infection (i.e., inducing systemic resistance SAR or systemic acquired resistance ISR). At the same time, chitosan itself and its degradation products (chitosan oligosaccharides) can directly inhibit the growth of some pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and promote the development of plant roots and the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms (such as actinomycetes). Different species of AMF mycorrhizal fungi have different preferences for root colonization, mycelial expansion range, and different There may be differences in the ability to utilize morphological nutrients (especially organic phosphorus) and the specific mechanisms of inducing plant stress resistance. The use of diversified AMF agents can improve the overall success rate and coverage of mycorrhizal colonization, allowing Yunnan Polygonatum to absorb nutrients and water from a wider range of soil micro-regions, and may activate more diverse plant physiological responses, thereby showing greater resilience and adaptability in the face of complex environmental stresses. Bacillus subtilis and / or antagonistic Streptomyces directly promote the growth and development of Yunnan Polygonatum, improve nutrient availability, and synergize with other beneficial microorganisms such as AMF and Trichoderma to form a strong biological barrier in the rhizosphere, effectively compete and antagonize soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, significantly reduce the risk of disease, and create a healthy rhizosphere microecology.

[0070] By introducing plant immune inducers such as chitosan and highly effective biocontrol microorganisms (such as Bacillus subtilis and antagonistic Streptomyces), a multi-layered protection system combining active defense and biological antagonism has been constructed, which has qualitatively improved the resistance of Polygonatum sibiricum to soil-borne diseases and adverse environmental stresses. The diversified application of AMF strains has improved the success rate of mycorrhizal establishment and the adaptability and functional stability in different matrix microenvironments, thereby ensuring that Polygonatum sibiricum can continuously and efficiently obtain nutrients and water from the symbiotic system and obtain stronger biological protection. Specific PGPR strains can not only directly promote plant growth, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, regulate root secretions, and optimize The flora composition of beneficial microorganisms is optimized to form a "healthy" or "disease-suppressing" rhizosphere microecology that is more inhibitory to pathogens. Through more refined biological control methods, the negative impact of environmental stress and disease on plant growth and development is reduced, which helps to achieve the uniformity of the individual development of Polygonatum sibiricum, and provides the possibility for producing high-quality and high-end medicinal materials with specific high-quality characteristics (such as high content of specific medicinal ingredients and low pesticide residues). This embodiment further reduces dependence on external chemical inputs, strengthens the self-regulation and protection function of the matrix ecosystem, is more in line with the concepts and requirements of organic agriculture and sustainable Chinese medicinal material production, and has better ecological benefits and industrial promotion prospects.

[0071] In summary, based on Example 1, Example 2 constructs a more powerful and precise Yunnan Polygonatum cultivation microecosystem by optimizing and enhancing specific components of the core layer matrix and targeted improvement of the diversity and function of the microbial community, thereby showing more significant comprehensive advantages in improving plant health, stress resistance, nutrient utilization efficiency and final medicinal material quality.

[0072] Example 3: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the integrated application of bio-augmentation of the surface layer, refined preparation process of specific organic materials and efficient sustained-release technology of microorganisms, this embodiment focuses on the further improvement of the overall efficiency and stability of the matrix system by additional arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation of the surface layer (30), the use of a more refined and standardized preparation process for the key specific medicinal plant residue fermentation product (A) in the core layer (20), and the use of advanced sustained-release encapsulation technology for the microbial agents in the core layer and the surface layer (part).

[0073] The Yunnan Polygonatum planting matrix described in this embodiment, its overall three-layer structure (base layer (10), core layer (20), surface layer (30)) and the basic proportion of each layer in the total volume, the composition of the base layer (10), the component (B) functional composite additive component of the physical matrix (I) in the core layer (20) (which may include chitosan or seaweed extract as described in Example 2 for enhancement) and the component (C) basic organic and inorganic mixed medium (which may adopt the specific preferred ratio described in Example 2) are similar to those of Examples 1 and 2. The advancement of this embodiment is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Based on the preparation of the surface covering layer (30) described in Example 1 (comprising a basic covering material (e) and a second microbial component (f) containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria lichens), this example further adds arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores of the same type as used in the core layer (20) or having a good synergistic effect to the second microbial component (f).

[0074] The same AMF agent as that used in the core layer (such as the composite agent of A. mosseae and A. margaritae mentioned in Example 2) or containing bacteria that can adapt to the surface microenvironment (such as some small A. rhizoctoniae) are selected.

[0075] The amount of AMF spores spread was controlled at 1x10 per square meter of surface. 4 spores (in 1x10³-1x10 5 These AMF spores can be mixed with dry fragments or powdered buds of lichens (1-5 g per square meter) in the aforementioned adhesion and germination promoter (such as 0.3% w / v sodium alginate solution or diluted milk solution) to form a mixed suspension or wet powder, which can then be evenly sprayed or spread on the base cover material (e) that has been laid and prepared for micro-topography.

[0076] Core layer (20) Physical matrix (I) Component (A) Standardized fine preparation process of fermentation product of specific medicinal plant residues. In order to ensure the quality uniformity and maximize the biological activity of fermentation product of specific medicinal plant residues, this embodiment adopts a more rigorous and fine preparation process: Mold-free and pollution-free pine needles (accounting for 70% by weight) and dried honeysuckle vines (non-medicinal parts, accounting for 30% by weight) are carefully selected as mixed plant residues, and the mixed plant residues are processed by a chopper or a grinder into uniform small segments with a length of 1.0-2.5 cm.

[0077] For every 100 kg of processed plant residues, precisely add a compound microbial fermentation agent, such as commercially available high-activity EM bacteria stock solution (total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 1x10¹ 0CFU / ml) 0.2 liters, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (active dry yeast) 50 grams, and Lactobacillus plantarum (effective viable count ≥ 1x10¹ 0 To adjust the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and provide additional nutrition, rice bran or corn flour accounting for 2-3% of the dry weight of plant residues can be added.

[0078] Thoroughly mix the plant residues, compound microbial agent and auxiliary materials in a clean mixing equipment, slowly add clean water, and use a humidity meter to monitor and accurately adjust the moisture content of the material to 60%±2%.

[0079] The mixed material is compacted tightly and filled into a sealable food-grade plastic fermentation barrel or a fermentation tank lined with thick plastic film. The air is completely removed and the barrel is sealed. The barrel is placed in a constant temperature fermentation room where the temperature can be actively controlled at 30°C±2°C for 12 days (within the range of 7-15 days) of anaerobic fermentation. During this period, the sealing condition is checked daily to ensure anaerobic conditions.

[0080] After anaerobic fermentation is completed, the materials should be quickly transferred to a clean aerobic fermentation tank or composting site with forced ventilation or easy turning. The piles should be loosely stacked with an initial pile height of no more than 1.2 meters. The temperature and humidity inside the pile should be monitored in real time using temperature and humidity sensors. During the first 3-5 days, forced ventilation or at least twice-daily turning of the pile should be used to promote rapid temperature increase, ensuring that the central temperature of the pile reaches and is maintained at the thermophilic stage of 55-65°C for at least 7 days to fully kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds. Thereafter, the turning frequency (for example, once every 2-3 days) and water spraying amount should be adjusted according to changes in temperature and humidity to ensure that the material humidity is always maintained in the range of 50-60%. This is done until the pile temperature stabilizes at 30-40°C, the material is dark brown, has a loose structure, and is odorless, indicating that it has reached full maturity. The entire aerobic fermentation stage lasts approximately 20-25 days (within a range of 15-30 days).

[0081] After the fermented and decomposed material is slightly spread out, it is sent to a high-pressure steam sterilizer for thorough sterilization at 121°C for 30 minutes. After sterilization, it is cooled in a clean environment and sieved (for example, a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm) to remove large pieces of undecomposed matter to obtain a homogeneous finished fermentation product, which is then sealed and packaged for later use.

[0082] The application of bio-induced capsules / pellets in a high-efficiency sustained-release delivery technology of microbial agents is to improve the survival rate, duration and uniformity of distribution in the matrix of the first microbial community (including core microbial components and their supplementary components, such as AMF, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Trichoderma, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, PGPR / biocontrol bacteria, etc.) added to the core layer (20) and the AMF spores (if used) added to the surface layer (30). In this embodiment, a microbial sustained-release encapsulation technology is used.

[0083] Food-grade or agricultural-grade sodium alginate is used as the main embedding agent, food-grade diatomaceous earth is used as a filler and drying aid, and pregelatinized starch is used as a nutritional supplement and structural modifier. For example, a 2% (w / v) sodium alginate solution can be prepared, to which 5-10% (w / v) diatomaceous earth powder and 1-5% (w / v) pregelatinized starch accounting for the dry weight of the sodium alginate are added, and the mixture is stirred to form an embedding solution.

[0084] High concentrations of various microbial suspensions or spore powders are evenly dispersed in the embedding solution in a ratio such that the effective biomass in the final dried capsules / pellets accounts for 1-10% (w / w).

[0085] Use a pellet machine or spray granulation equipment to drop the embedding solution containing microorganisms into a 2-3% (w / v) calcium chloride solution and stir rapidly to form gel micropellets with a diameter of 1-3 mm (within the range of 0.5-5 mm). Collect the micropellets, wash the surface calcium chloride with sterile water, and then dry them in flowing air at low temperature (such as 30-40°C) to constant weight, or use freeze-drying technology.

[0086] When mixing the core layer physical matrix, evenly mix the prepared slow-release bio-inducible capsules or pellets in an amount of 0.5% (within the recommended range of 0.1-2%) of the estimated dry weight of the core layer (20) physical matrix. For the AMF spores in the surface layer (if encapsulated), the encapsulated AMF spore pellets can be evenly spread together with the lichen propagules.

[0087] Inoculating the surface layer with AMF spores can enable the superficial roots of Polygonatum sibiricum to quickly establish a symbiotic relationship with AMF from the early stages of seed germination or seedling transplanting. This not only accelerates the plant's absorption of surface moisture and nutrients such as nitrogen fixed by lichens, but may also form a closer interaction with lichens through the mycelial network, jointly improving the surface soil structure and micro-region nutrient circulation.

[0088] The fermented products of specific medicinal plant residues prepared through carefully controlled multi-stage fermentation and strict sterilization processes have a higher degree of maturity of organic materials, and harmful organisms are completely eliminated. The types and contents of secondary metabolites produced by fermentation of beneficial microorganisms (such as small molecule organic acids, enzymes, plant growth regulator analogues, etc.) can be richer and more stable, which makes its effects in simulating the understory microenvironment, slowly releasing nutrients, improving soil structure, and gently inducing the specific physiological activities of Polygonatum odoratum more significant, lasting and predictable.

[0089] Encapsulating microorganisms in slow-release capsules or pellets can effectively protect microorganisms from the threats of adverse environmental factors (such as dryness, ultraviolet rays, pH fluctuations, competition from other microorganisms, etc.) during substrate mixing, storage, transportation and the initial stage of application, and significantly improve their survival rate. At the same time, the slow-release carrier can gradually release the microorganisms therein as the substrate humidity changes and its own degradation, so that they can be continuously and stably supplied to the rhizosphere micro-zone during the critical period of root growth and expansion of Polygonatum odoratum, thereby more effectively colonizing and exerting their biological functions such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, growth promotion, and biocontrol, thereby maximizing and prolonging the effectiveness of microorganisms.

[0090] Specific application cases For example, in an agricultural enterprise dedicated to producing GAP-standard Yunnan Polygonatum medicinal materials, it is necessary to establish a highly controllable and replicable seedling and planting matrix system.

[0091] According to the refined fermentation process detailed in this example, a special fermentation workshop is established to carry out large-scale, standardized fermentation and sterilization treatment of specific medicinal plant residues to ensure the stable quality of each batch of fermentation products.

[0092] Cooperate with a microbial technology company or establish a small encapsulation production line independently to prepare the selected high-efficiency AMF, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Trichoderma, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, PGPR / biocontrol bacteria, etc. into sustained-release bio-inducible capsules or pellets with a specific bacterial load and particle size according to the method described in this example.

[0093] Using automated substrate mixing and conveying equipment, the seedling trays, nutrient pots or planting troughs are prepared and filled layer by layer according to the components and precise proportions of each layer determined in Examples 1 and 2 and this example (including the amount of slow-release microbial capsules / pellets added).

[0094] After laying the basic covering material on the surface of the seedling tray or planting trough, use precision spreading equipment to evenly apply the pre-treated nitrogen-fixing lichen propagules and encapsulated AMF spore pellets (if used).

[0095] Since the preparation and application of key bioactive components (fermentation products, microbial agents) are highly standardized and technically optimized, it is expected that the emergence rate, uniformity, robustness and transplant survival rate of Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings will be greatly improved. In subsequent growth management, due to the superior biological fertility and biocontrol capabilities of the matrix, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be significantly reduced or completely replaced, and the products can more easily meet organic or green food standards.

[0096] The rhizosphere AMF colonization rate is higher and the mycelial network is more developed; the activity and abundance of functional microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the core layer and surface layer are maintained at a high level for a long time, and the plant's physiological indicators such as chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and root vitality perform better. The stress response to environmental stress is smaller and the recovery ability is stronger. The final harvested Polygonatum sibiricum tuber yield is not only high, but also the individual size is more uniform and the commercial quality is good. The content of the main active ingredients in the medicinal materials (such as Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides, total saponins, etc.) is expected to reach or exceed the standards of high-quality medicinal materials, and the differences between batches are reduced.

[0097] Slow-release encapsulation technology ensures that beneficial microorganisms function in their optimal active state when and where they are most needed, significantly improving the utilization efficiency and durability of biological agents, thereby ensuring the long-term and stable biological fertility and biocontrol capabilities of the substrate. A refined and standardized preparation process is adopted for fermentation products of specific medicinal plant residues, which maximizes the optimization and reliable quality of their functions in simulating natural litter, improving soil, slowly releasing nutrients, and inducing potential physiological activities. The synergistic application of nitrogen-fixing lichens and AMF spores in the surface cover not only enhances the biological nitrogen fixation capacity of the surface, but also promotes the early symbiosis between AMF and the seedlings or near-surface roots of Polygonatum cyrtonema, laying a solid initial foundation for the rapid and healthy growth of the plant. Through refined control of the preparation and application techniques of key components, the performance of the entire planting matrix system is more efficient and stable, and is also easier to standardize and replicate and promote on a large scale. It is particularly suitable for the modern Chinese herbal medicine industry, which has strict requirements on the quality of medicinal materials and production processes.

[0098] This embodiment minimizes dependence on external chemical inputs and improves the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization by integrating and applying a variety of advanced biotechnologies and ecological control methods. It is an in-depth practice and beneficial exploration for achieving the ecological, intensive and sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal materials planting industry.

[0099] Comparison between the culture matrix of the present invention and the common culture matrix: In summary, Example 3 has pushed the construction concept and technical level of the Yunnan Polygonatum planting matrix to a new height by introducing a series of refined and integrated technologies such as surface layer AMF enhancement, fine fermentation process of specific organic materials, and microbial sustained-release delivery, providing strong technical support for achieving the Yunnan Polygonatum super-efficient, super-high-quality, highly ecological and standardized production goals.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments. Instead, it can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or technology or knowledge in related fields. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention and should be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting matrix for Polygonatum yunnanensis, characterized in that: The invention comprises: a base layer (10) and a core layer (20) arranged in sequence from bottom to top, which account for a predetermined volume ratio of the total matrix; the core layer (20) accounts for 60-75% of the total volume of the total matrix, and comprises: (I) a physical matrix, the physical matrix is ​​composed of the following three types of components, and the sum of the volume percentages of the three types of components is 100%: (A) a fermentation product of a specific medicinal plant residue, which accounts for 5-10% of the total volume of the physical matrix of the core layer, the fermentation product is selected from the needles of pine plants, the needles or barks of cupressaceae plants, or the non-medicinal parts of honeysuckle vines or isatis indigotica leaves, and is obtained by multi-stage fermentation with temperature and humidity control using a composite bacterial agent containing at least one of EM bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum or Trichoderma viride, and then pasteurized or sterilized with high-temperature steam, the fermentation product is used to simulate the characteristics of forest litter and can release secondary metabolites that gently stimulate the growth of Polygonatum odoratum or its physiological activity; (B) a functional composite additive component, comprising 5-10% by volume of the core layer physical matrix, the functional composite additive component itself being composed of a mixture of the following subcomponents in approximate weight percentages: food-grade diatomaceous earth or micronized zeolite (40-50%); a 1:1 mixture of phosphate rock powder and calcined oyster shell powder or bone meal (20-30%); and high-quality humic acid or fulvic acid granules (as the remainder of the aforementioned subcomponents to 100%, typically comprising 20-40% by weight of the total weight of the functional composite additive component); (C) a basic organic and inorganic mixed medium, the volume of which accounts for the remainder of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix to 100% after the components of the fermented product of the specific medicinal plant residue (A) and the functional composite additive (B) are determined, and the remainder generally accounts for 80-90% of the total volume of the core layer physical matrix, and the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium itself is composed of the following subcomponents mixed in approximate volume percentages: fully fermented pine needle soil or broadleaf humus soil (40-50%); high-quality coconut coir (20-25%); a 1:1 mixture of perlite and vermiculite (10-15%); fine biochar powder activated by pretreatment with fish protein hydrolyzate or fermented soybean cake liquid (5-10%); and refined earthworm castings (as the remainder of the volume of the aforementioned subcomponents to 100%, generally accounting for 5-20% of the total volume of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium); (II) a core microbial component, added to the physical matrix, the core microbial component comprising at least: an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) agent capable of effectively colonizing the root system of Polygonatum cyrtonema, constructing and maintaining a loose and breathable porous structure in the core layer (20) through its extensive hyphal network and the role of promoting soil aggregate formation, and enhancing nutrient absorption; and a highly efficient rhizozone nitrogen-fixing bacterial community; A surface covering layer (30), the surface covering layer (30) is located above the core layer (20), has a thickness of 1-3 cm, and comprises: a base covering material (e) composed of a mixture of fine-grained Akadama soil or Kanuma soil and weathered pine bark debris or coarse coconut palm powder in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:2, the material having an artificially created micro-topography with slight undulations; a second microbial component (f), the second microbial component comprising dried fragments or powdered buds of lichens selected from the genus Shieldia or the genus Adaptogenica containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, the sowing amount of which is 1-5 grams of dried lichen fragments or powdered buds per square meter of the surface covering layer, and is mixed with diluted milk, rice soup or 0.1-0.5% (w / v) sodium alginate solution as an adhesion and germination promoter; wherein the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria symbiotic with the lichens in the surface covering layer (30) synergistically act with the efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the core layer (20) to provide a dual biological nitrogen fixation source in the surface layer and the root zone for the Polygonatum yunnanensis.

2. A Polygonatum yunnanensis planting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer (10) accounts for 15-20% of the total volume of the total matrix, and is composed of the following components in approximate volume percentages: coarse river sand accounts for 20-30% of the volume of the layer; large pieces of bamboo charcoal or hardwood charcoal blocks account for 10-20% of the volume of the layer; and at least one selected from porous volcanic rock, large-grained ceramsite, high-temperature treated crushed walnut shells or chestnut shells, or a mixture thereof, as the remaining part of the base layer (10) up to 100% by volume; and the core microbial component in the core layer (20) further constitutes the main body of the first microbial community, and the first microbial community is further supplemented with: at least one saprophytic fungal agent selected from the genus Trichoderma, the inoculation amount of which is 1x10 5 -1x10 7 CFU; The efficient root zone nitrogen-fixing bacteria group is composed of at least one bacterium selected from Paspalum nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Vine nitrogen-fixing bacteria or Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, and the total nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculation amount is 1x10 per gram of core layer physical matrix. 6 -1x10 8 CFU; the inoculation amount of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) agent is 50-500 effective propagules per gram of the core layer physical matrix; the first microbial community further comprises at least one phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent selected from Bacillus megaterium or Pseudomonas fluorescens, the inoculation amount of which is 1x10 per gram of the core layer physical matrix. 6 -1x10 8 CFU, and / or at least one potassium-dissolving bacterial agent selected from Bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus mycoides, the inoculum amount of which is 1x10 per gram of the core layer physical matrix. 6 -1x10 8 CFU.

3. A planting matrix for Polygonatum yunnanensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first microbial community in the core layer (20) further comprises at least one plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) or biocontrol microbial agent selected from Bacillus subtilis or antagonistic Streptomyces, and the inoculation amount thereof is 1×10 6 -1x10 8 CFU.

4. The planting matrix of Polygonatum yunnanensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component (B) functional composite additive component of the physical matrix (I) in the core layer (20) further comprises food-grade chitosan (molecular weight 5-200,000 Da) particles or seaweed extract (containing seaweed polysaccharides ≥20%) particles accounting for 0-5% by weight of the component.

5. A Polygonatum yunnanensis planting matrix according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) agent in the core layer (20) comprises at least two AMFs of different genera or species to enhance the adaptability to different environmental conditions and the symbiotic efficiency with Polygonatum yunnanensis.

6. The planting matrix of Polygonatum yunnanensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second microbial component (f) in the surface layer (30) further comprises arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores of the same or synergistic species as those used in the core layer (20), and the amount of the spores is 1x10³-1x10 per square meter of the surface layer. 5 Spores.

7. The planting matrix of Polygonatum yunnanensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20), component (C) of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium comprises fully fermented pine needle soil or broadleaf humus soil accounting for 45% of its volume, high-quality coconut bran accounting for 23% of its volume, a 1:1 mixture of perlite and vermiculite accounting for 12% of its volume, pre-treated activated fine biochar powder accounting for 10% of its volume, and refined earthworm manure accounting for 10% of its volume.

8. A method for preparing the Polygonatum yunnanensis planting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (S1) preparing a base layer (10): laying materials to form a base layer that accounts for 15-20% of a predetermined volume of the total substrate according to the description of the components of the base layer (10) and their volume percentages in the layer; (S2) Preparation of core layer (20): (S2a) uniformly mixing the subcomponents of the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium of the component (C) of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20) and their volume percentages in the medium by mechanical stirring or manual stirring to prepare the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium; (S2b) uniformly mixing the basic organic and inorganic mixed medium prepared in step (S2a), the components (A) fermentation product of specific medicinal plant residues, and (B) functional composite additive components of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20), by mechanical stirring or manual stirring according to their predetermined percentages in the total volume of the physical matrix of the core layer, to form the physical matrix body of the core layer; (S2c) uniformly inoculating or mixing various microbial agents involved in the description of the core microbial component (II) of the core layer (20) and the supplementary description of the first microbial community into the core layer physical matrix body prepared in step (S2b) according to their predetermined inoculation amounts; (S2d) placing the core layer matrix processed in step (S2c) on the base layer (10) to a thickness of 60-75% of the predetermined volume of the total matrix; (S3) Preparing the surface covering layer (30): After the basic covering material (e) components of the surface covering layer (30) are mixed in proportion and formed on the core layer (20) and a slightly undulating microtopography is formed, the dried fragments or powdered buds of the lichen containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of the second microbial component (f) in the surface covering layer (30) are mixed with an adhesion and germination promoter at a spreading rate of 1-5 grams per square meter of the surface of the surface covering layer and evenly spread or sprayed on the surface to a thickness of 1-3 cm.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation of the fermentation product of the specific medicinal plant residues of component (A) of the physical matrix (I) of the core layer (20) includes: the specific plant residues of component (A) are subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 7-15 days at a temperature of 25-35°C and a material humidity of 50-65% using a composite bacterial agent containing at least one of EM bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum or Trichoderma viride, and then converted to aerobic composting fermentation for 15-30 days, and after the fermentation is completed, pasteurization (temperature 65°C, duration 30 minutes) or high-temperature steam sterilization (temperature 121°C, duration 20 minutes) is carried out.

10. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The core microbial component and the supplementary component of the first microbial community added in the step (S2c), or the second microbial component (f) (excluding lichen propagules, including AMF spores) added in the step (S3), are prepared by mixing their effective live bacteria or propagules with a carrier material selected from calcium alginate, food-grade diatomaceous earth or pregelatinized starch at a ratio of 1-10% (w / w) to prepare slow-release bio-inducible capsules or pellets with a diameter of 0.5-5 mm, and the added amount of the capsules or pellets accounts for 0.1-2% of the dry weight of the physical matrix of the core layer (20).

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