Bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a bamboo bonsai soil water retention composite structure and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of gardening cultivation, a gradient ceramsite drainage layer and a coarse ceramsite bottom layer are high in porosity and rapid in drainage, a fine ceramsite upper layer nano silicon dioxide coating reduces the drainage speed, a gradient drainage channel is formed, and the drainage-water retention contradiction is solved; dynamic water balance is realized. The three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric interlayer and the two modified non-woven fabric sandwiched water retention-ventilation functional layer prevent ceramsite from being mixed with upper soil, and the effect of assisting water retention and ventilation is achieved. Ceramsite-biochar composite particles of the microorganism-mineral improvement layer are inoculated with a phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing microbial agent, so that nutrients are adsorbed and converted, and nutrient loss is reduced. The breathable and water-retaining planting layer is formed by mixing leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fibers, microbial fermentation organic fertilizer is added, the breathable and water-retaining planting layer is loose and breathable, nutrients are provided for root system growth, the root system microenvironment is optimized, healthy growth of the root system is assisted, and cooperative regulation and control of dynamic moisture balance and healthy growth of the root system are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of horticultural cultivation, in particular to a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Bamboo bonsai are popular among gardening enthusiasts for their elegant and upright forms, but their roots are extremely sensitive to moisture conditions, requiring both ample water to maintain growth and waterlogging to prevent root rot. Traditional potting soil management faces multiple technical bottlenecks: Ordinary potting soil has poor drainage, which can easily lead to root rot due to lack of oxygen. Simply adding expanded clay improves drainage but results in insufficient water retention, necessitating frequent watering. Conventional non-woven fabrics serve only as a barrier, failing to achieve coordinated regulation of water, fertilizer, and air. Furthermore, severe soil nutrient loss and insufficient root aeration significantly impact bamboo shoot germination and the growth of new shoots.

[0003] Current existing technologies for potting soil water conservation structures often utilize a single, layered design, lacking a functional, layered approach tailored to the physiological characteristics of bamboo. This approach fails to balance the conflicting demands of drainage and water conservation, nor does it ensure a sustained nutrient supply and optimize the root microenvironment. This leads to persistent problems in bamboo bonsai cultivation, including high root rot rates, weak growth, and high management costs. There is an urgent need to develop a composite system that combines drainage, water conservation, fertilization, and ecological regulation through material modification and structural innovation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure and a construction method thereof, which are intended to solve the drainage-water conservation contradiction, soil nutrient loss and root microenvironment optimization problems in bamboo bonsai cultivation, and achieve coordinated regulation of dynamic water balance and healthy root growth.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure, comprising a gradient ceramsite drainage layer, a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, a microorganism-mineral improvement layer and a breathable and water-retaining planting layer;

[0006] The gradient ceramsite drainage layer is composed of a coarse ceramsite bottom layer and a fine ceramsite upper layer. The porosity of the coarse ceramsite bottom layer is ≥45%, and the surface of the fine ceramsite upper layer is loaded with a 0.5-1% nano-silicon dioxide coating to form a gradient drainage channel with fine top and coarse bottom.

[0007] The three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer is composed of two layers of modified non-woven fabrics sandwiched between a water-retaining and breathable functional layer;

[0008] The microbial-mineral improvement layer is paved with ceramsite-biochar composite particles, and the surface of the particles is inoculated with a phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacterial agent;

[0009] The breathable and water-retaining planting layer is formed by mixing leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fiber, and adding microbial fermented organic fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the coarse ceramsite is 5-10 mm, and the thickness of the coarse ceramsite bottom layer is 3-5 cm; the particle size of the fine ceramsite is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the fine ceramsite upper layer is 2-3 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the modified non-woven fabric is impregnated with a sodium alginate-chitosan composite solution to form nano-scale hydrophilic micropores on the surface, and the water-retaining and breathable functional layer is composed of a mixture of 1-2 cm thick coconut shell fiber and a highly absorbent resin in a ratio of 3:1.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the microorganism-mineral improvement layer is 1-2 cm, the ratio of ceramsite to biochar in the ceramsite-biochar composite particles is 2:1, and the effective viable bacteria count of the phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria agent is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0013] Furthermore, the phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria inoculated in the microbial-mineral improvement layer are compounded with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:1, and a sodium alginate-chitosan double-layer encapsulation technology is adopted. The outer layer of chitosan is slowly released in acidic soil, and the inner layer of sodium alginate is released in a neutral environment.

[0014] Furthermore, the breathable and water-retaining planting layer, leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fiber are mixed in a volume ratio of 5:2:1.

[0015] Furthermore, the gradient expanded clay drainage layer, three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, microorganism-mineral improvement layer and breathable and water-retaining planting layer are connected by modular snap-fit ​​connections, and a concave-convex mosaic structure is provided at the edge of each layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure has various levels organized from bottom to top in the order of gradient ceramsite drainage layer, three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, microorganism-mineral improvement layer, and breathable water conservation planting layer.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure, which is used to construct the bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure as described above, comprising:

[0018] Preparation of the gradient ceramsite layer: 5-10mm coarse ceramsite is laid on the bottom layer, compacted to a thickness of 3-5cm, and the surface is sprayed with 2% nano-silica sol. After drying, a hydrophobic-hydrophilic alternating micro-nanostructure is formed; 2-5mm fine ceramsite is laid on the upper layer, with a thickness of 2-3cm. The fine ceramsite is soaked in 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2 hours;

[0019] Preparation of the three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric layer: The non-woven fabric is immersed in a mixed solution of 5% sodium alginate and 2% chitosan, removed and dried to form a modified non-woven fabric; a mixed layer of coconut shell fiber and super absorbent resin is evenly laid between the two layers of modified non-woven fabric. The super absorbent resin particle size is controlled to be 0.5-1mm, and the thickness of the mixed layer is 1-2cm. The edges are sutured and fixed with biodegradable fiber thread;

[0020] Preparation of the microbial-mineral improvement layer: Ceramsite and biochar were mixed in a ratio of 2:1. The biochar was matured at 60°C for 24 hours to a particle size of 3-5 mm. A phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria agent was mixed with the composite particles at a ratio of 10 g / kg. A 0.5% trehalose solution was sprayed to moisturize the mixture to form a microbial carrier layer.

[0021] Planting layer preparation: leaf mold is passed through a 2mm sieve, mixed with perlite and bamboo fiber in a ratio of 5:2:1, and then decomposed bamboo vinegar organic fertilizer is added. The pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5 and the EC value is 0.8-1.2mS / cm;

[0022] Assembly process: First lay a gradient expanded clay layer on the bottom of the bonsai pot, cover it with a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric layer after compaction, with the edge extending 2 cm beyond the pot wall; lay a microbial-mineral improvement layer, spray a small amount of clean water on the surface to activate the microorganisms; finally fill in the planting layer.

[0023] The above technical solution has the following technical effects:

[0024] (1) Gradient functional modification of expanded clay: Through the gradient combination of coarse and fine expanded clay particle sizes and nano-coating treatment, a dual-effect channel of "fast drainage-slow water seepage" is formed at the bottom, which greatly improves the drainage efficiency compared with the traditional single expanded clay layer, while retaining some retained water for slow absorption by the roots.

[0025] (2) Three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric structure: Two layers of modified non-woven fabric are sandwiched with a water-retaining and breathable layer. The sodium alginate coating makes the non-woven fabric both hydrophilic and water-retaining and soil-resistant and water-permeable. The mixed layer of coconut shell fiber and super absorbent resin forms a "water sponge" that slowly releases water after watering, so that the humidity in the root zone is maintained within an appropriate range.

[0026] (3) Microbial-mineral synergistic layer: The composite particles of biochar and expanded clay provide a habitat for microorganisms. Phosphorus and potassium-dissolving bacteria can convert ineffective phosphorus and potassium in the soil into effective forms. Combined with the bamboo fiber organic matter in the planting layer, a sustainable nutrient supply system is formed to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers.

[0027] (4) Full-cycle water conservation and regulation: From bottom drainage to middle-layer water conservation and nutrient release, and then to planting layer ventilation, a four-dimensional control system of "drainage-conservation-supply-permeability" is formed, which adapts to the growth characteristics of bamboo that likes moisture and fears waterlogging, and prolongs the bonsai watering cycle compared with traditional methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a process for constructing a soil water conservation composite structure for bamboo bonsai according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To further illustrate various embodiments, the present invention is provided with accompanying drawings. These drawings form part of the present disclosure and are primarily used to illustrate the embodiments and, in conjunction with the relevant description in the specification, to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. By referring to these drawings, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand other possible embodiments and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar reference numerals are generally used to represent similar components.

[0031] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the composite structure of this embodiment includes a gradient ceramsite drainage layer, a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, a microbial-mineral improvement layer and a breathable and water-retaining planting layer;

[0034] In a specific implementation, the gradient expanded clay drainage layer consists of a coarse expanded clay bottom layer and a fine expanded clay upper layer, wherein the porosity of the coarse expanded clay bottom layer is ≥45%, and the surface of the fine expanded clay upper layer is loaded with 0.5-1% nano-silicon dioxide coating to form a gradient drainage channel with fine top and coarse bottom; in a specific implementation, the particle size of the coarse expanded clay is 5-10 mm, and the thickness of the coarse expanded clay bottom layer is 3-5 cm; the particle size of the fine expanded clay is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the fine expanded clay upper layer is 2-3 cm.

[0035] In this embodiment, the gradient ceramsite drainage layer is composed of a coarse ceramsite bottom layer and a fine ceramsite upper layer, and adopts a gradient design with fine top and coarse bottom to form an efficient drainage channel. The particle size of the coarse ceramsite bottom layer is 5-10mm, the thickness is 3-5cm, and the porosity is not less than 45%. The larger particle size allows sufficient gaps to be formed between the particles, and combined with the high porosity, it can quickly drain the water flow and reduce water accumulation. At the same time, its structure can bear the load of the upper layer, providing a stable foundation for the overall structure, and is suitable for scenarios that require load-bearing. The particle size of the fine ceramsite upper layer is 2-5mm, the thickness is 2-3cm, and the surface is loaded with 0.5-1% nano-silica coating. The smaller particle size makes the surface structure relatively dense, which can perform preliminary filtration of the water flow and intercept some impurities. The nano-silica coating can enhance the hydrophilicity of the ceramsite surface, accelerate water infiltration, reduce pore blockage, and extend the service life of the drainage layer.

[0036] This layered design combines the characteristics of ceramsite of varying particle sizes, with the upper filtration layer complementing the lower drainage layer, effectively draining water while minimizing the impact of impurities on the drainage channel. In areas such as greening projects, building waterproofing, and ecological restoration, this structure can adjust parameters based on actual needs, balancing drainage efficiency and project stability, demonstrating strong practical value and potential applications.

[0037] In a specific implementation, the three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric interlayer is composed of two layers of modified non-woven fabric with a water-retaining and breathable functional layer sandwiched between them; wherein, the modified non-woven fabric is impregnated with a sodium alginate-chitosan composite solution to form nano-scale hydrophilic micropores on the surface, and the water-retaining and breathable functional layer is composed of 1-2 cm thick coconut shell fiber and super absorbent resin mixed in a ratio of 3:1.

[0038] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional composite nonwoven fabric barrier, with a three-layer composite structure at its core, achieves multifunctional synergy in water retention, breathability, and isolation through precise matching of material properties. Its overall construction adopts a symmetrical "modified nonwoven fabric - functional layer - modified nonwoven fabric" design, with two modified nonwoven fabric layers as the outer layers, sandwiched between the water-retention and breathability functional layer, forming a stable and efficient composite system.

[0039] The modified nonwoven fabric on the outer layer undergoes a special treatment—after being impregnated with a sodium alginate-chitosan composite solution, a large number of nanoscale hydrophilic pores are formed on its surface. Both sodium alginate and chitosan are natural polymer materials with excellent biocompatibility and water absorption. This treatment not only enhances the nonwoven fabric's ability to absorb moisture but also allows for uniform moisture conduction through the nanoscale pores, while ensuring air circulation and avoiding the stuffiness caused by airtightness. This treatment allows the outer layer to function as both a physical barrier to isolate impurities and a "regulating valve" for moisture and gas exchange, balancing the exchange of substances between the internal and external environments.

[0040] The central water-retention and breathable functional layer, with a thickness of 1-2cm, is the core functional area. It is composed of a mixture of coconut shell fiber and super absorbent polymer in a ratio of 3:1. As a natural plant fiber, coconut shell fiber is loose and resilient, naturally forming an interlaced network structure that provides channels for air circulation and prevents the functional layer from becoming overly dense and lacking breathability. Super absorbent polymer is key to water retention. Its molecular structure can absorb dozens of times its own weight in water and slowly release it in dry conditions, acting as a "water buffer." The proper blend of the two solves the problem of single materials easily becoming hardened when retaining water and insufficiently retaining water when breathable. The fiber's support also maintains the structural stability of the functional layer, preventing collapse after long-term use.

[0041] The advantage of this composite structure lies in the complementary functions of its layers: the outer modified nonwoven fabric is responsible for initial moisture conduction and physical isolation, while the middle functional layer focuses on a dynamic balance between water retention and air permeability, forming a system that can adapt to changes in environmental humidity. Whether used in the substrate isolation of vegetation planting or in moisture regulation in soil improvement, this barrier layer can precisely regulate water and gas exchange, providing a stable microenvironment for plant growth or engineering structures, demonstrating potential for broad application in ecology, agriculture, architecture, and other fields.

[0042] In a specific implementation, the microbial-mineral improvement layer is paved with ceramsite-biochar composite particles, and the surface of the particles is inoculated with a phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacterial agent; wherein the thickness of the microbial-mineral improvement layer is 1-2 cm, the ratio of ceramsite to biochar in the ceramsite-biochar composite particles is 2:1, and the effective viable bacteria count of the phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacterial agent is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0043] In this embodiment, the microbial-mineral modification layer is a functional modification structure that combines a physical carrier with biological activity. Its core design utilizes ceramsite-biochar composite particles to support a phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacterial agent, creating a modification system that combines physical regulation with biological conversion capabilities. The modification layer, with a thickness of 1-2 cm, is highly effective without taking up excessive space, making it suitable for use in scenarios such as soil remediation and as a planting substrate for vegetation.

[0044] As the base carrier of the modified layer, ceramsite-biochar composite particles are mixed in a 2:1 ratio. Ceramsite is porous and lightweight, and its internal honeycomb structure not only provides excellent air and water permeability, preventing microbial hypoxia caused by water accumulation, but also absorbs nutrients and water from the environment through its pores, forming a local "nutrient reserve." Biochar serves as a functional supplement. Its rich surface functional groups and microporous structure enhance the carrier's adsorption properties while releasing carbon to provide an energy source for microorganisms. The two work together to create a microenvironment suitable for microbial colonization.

[0045] The phosphorus and potassium-dissolving bacteria inoculated on the granules' surface serve as the "biological core" of the modified layer. Their effective viable bacterial count is strictly guaranteed to be ≥1×108 CFU / g. This functional bacterial agent metabolizes phosphorus and potassium compounds in the environment, which are difficult for plants to directly absorb, and converts them into usable ionic forms, thereby increasing the nutrient availability of the substrate. This high viable bacterial count ensures the agent's metabolic efficiency, enabling rapid establishment of a stable bacterial population even in complex environments, ensuring sustained phosphorus and potassium dissolving activity.

[0046] Overall, this modified layer, through the combination of a physical carrier and a biological agent, achieves a synergistic effect: the carrier retains water and fertilizer, while the agent converts nutrients. The composite structure of ceramsite and biochar provides a living carrier and a foundation for nutrient adsorption for the agent, which in turn enhances the fertility of the substrate through biotransformation. The 1-2 cm thickness ensures sufficient contact between the agent and the surrounding environment while avoiding material waste. This design effectively improves substrate performance and promotes plant growth in fields such as ecological restoration and agricultural planting, offering the advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

[0047] In a specific implementation, the phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria inoculated in the microbial-mineral improvement layer are compounded with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:1, and a sodium alginate-chitosan double-layer encapsulation technology is adopted. The outer layer of chitosan is slowly released in acidic soil, and the inner layer of sodium alginate is released in a neutral environment.

[0048] In this example, the microbial-mineral modification layer features a refined design of bacterial agent configuration and encapsulation technology, enhancing modification efficacy through functional synergy and environmental adaptation. The core design involves combining phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a 3:1 mass ratio, followed by a sodium alginate-chitosan double-layer encapsulation technique for targeted release.

[0049] The bacterial formulation follows the principle of functional complementarity: phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria convert insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil into forms that plants can absorb, while nitrogen-fixing bacteria fix nitrogen from the air and convert it into nitrogen-containing nutrients. The combination of these two enhances soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels. The 3:1 ratio ensures the core requirement of phosphorus and potassium conversion while supplementing nitrogen through nitrogen-fixing bacteria, avoiding excess or deficiency of any single nutrient and creating a balanced nutrient supply system.

[0050] Double-layer encapsulation technology is key to adapting to complex soil environments: the outer chitosan layer gradually degrades under acidic conditions, allowing for the slow release of the inoculum, ensuring the continued effectiveness of the bacterial community in acidic soils. The inner sodium alginate layer is released in neutral environments, adapting to the neutral soil microenvironment. This design precisely matches the release rhythm of the inoculum to the soil's pH, preventing inactivation due to environmental incompatibility and extending its effective duration.

[0051] Overall, the compound bacterial agent solves the comprehensive problem of nutrient supply, and the double-layer encapsulation technology improves the survival rate and efficacy stability of the bacterial agent in different soil environments, enabling the microbial-mineral improvement layer to more widely adapt to diverse soil conditions such as acidic and neutral, providing more reliable microbial support for soil improvement and plant growth.

[0052] In a specific implementation, the breathable and water-retaining planting layer is composed of leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fiber mixed in a volume ratio of 5:2:1, and 0.5% of microbial fermented organic fertilizer is added to form a loose and porous planting matrix with a porosity of ≥50% and a field water holding capacity of ≥30%.

[0053] In this embodiment, the breathable and water-retaining planting layer is constructed into a high-quality planting matrix that takes into account breathability, water retention and nutrient supply through scientific material ratio and functional design. Its core formula is a mixture of leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fiber in a volume ratio of 5:2:1, and 0.5% of microbial fermented organic fertilizer is added. The porosity is ≥50%, and the field water holding capacity is ≥30%, which can provide an ideal growth environment for plant roots.

[0054] Leaf mold, as the main matrix (accounting for 50%), is a natural "nutrient bank" that is rich in organic matter, humic acid and trace elements required for plant growth. Its loose aggregate structure can also provide initial air permeability for the root system. At the same time, it has a certain water retention capacity and is the basic carrier for connecting other materials.

[0055] The addition of perlite (20%) is key to optimizing breathability. This lightweight, porous mineral, filled with honeycomb-like pores, reduces the risk of matrix compaction, allowing air to flow more easily to the roots and accelerating the removal of excess water, preventing waterlogging and root rot. Bamboo fiber (10%) further refines the pore distribution through its interwoven structure. Its hydrophilic properties absorb and slowly release water, creating a complementary balance of breathability and water retention with the perlite.

[0056] The 0.5% microbial fermentation organic fertilizer not only replenishes macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but its active bacterial flora also decomposes organic matter, inhibits harmful bacteria, and improves the substrate's microbial ecosystem. A porosity of ≥50% and a field water holding capacity of ≥30% ensure the substrate allows roots to breathe freely while retaining sufficient water for plant absorption. The overall design strikes a precise balance between air permeability, water retention, and fertility.

[0057] In a specific implementation, the gradient expanded clay drainage layer, the three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, the microbial-mineral improvement layer and the breathable and water-retaining planting layer are connected by modular snap-fit ​​connections, and a concave-convex mosaic structure is provided at the edge of each layer.

[0058] In this embodiment, rapid assembly and structural stability are achieved through modular design. The gradient expanded clay drainage layer, three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric interlayer, microbial-mineral improvement layer and breathable and water-retaining planting layer are connected by modular snap-fit ​​connections, and the edges of each layer are provided with concave-convex mosaic structures. The advantage of this design is that the snap-fit ​​connection facilitates rapid assembly and disassembly of the layers, reduces construction difficulty and improves efficiency; the concave-convex mosaic structure can enhance the fit between layers, avoid relative displacement, and ensure overall stability. At the same time, the modular design allows the functions of each layer to be independent and coordinated, and can be flexibly adjusted and combined according to actual needs to adapt to different scenarios. The close connection between layers can also reduce water leakage or matrix loss caused by gaps, ensure the orderly performance of drainage, water retention, improvement and other functions, and improve the overall reliability of the system.

[0059] In a specific implementation, the hierarchical organization order of the bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure from bottom to top is a gradient expanded clay drainage layer, a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, a microorganism-mineral improvement layer, and a breathable and water-retaining planting layer.

[0060] In this embodiment, the soil water conservation composite structure of the bamboo bonsai adopts a top-down hierarchical organization to form a complete system with progressive functions. The order of the layers is: the bottom layer is the gradient expanded clay drainage layer, upwards are the three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, the microorganism-mineral improvement layer, and the top layer is the breathable and water-retaining planting layer.

[0061] This sequential design follows the laws of water conduction and ecological needs: the gradient expanded clay drainage layer at the bottom layer prioritizes draining excess water to prevent water accumulation and root rot in the pot; the three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier above it can not only prevent the upper matrix from seeping down and clogging the drainage layer, but also regulate the water penetration rate while retaining some humidity; the microbial-mineral improvement layer on the upper layer improves the soil microenvironment and enhances nutrient effectiveness through the action of bacterial agents and carriers; the top breathable and water-retaining planting layer directly provides a loose and porous growth matrix for the bamboo root system, taking into account air permeability, water retention and nutrient supply.

[0062] Each level is closely linked to each other, from drainage, filtration to improvement and planting, forming a functional chain of "drainage-regulation-improvement-growth", accurately adapting to the bamboo bonsai's needs for water, air permeability and nutrients, and providing a stable microenvironment for bamboo growth.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a soil water conservation composite structure for bamboo bonsai according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the method of this embodiment includes:

[0065] Preparation of the gradient ceramsite layer: 5-10mm coarse ceramsite is laid on the bottom layer, compacted to a thickness of 3-5cm, and the surface is sprayed with 2% nano-silica sol. After drying, a hydrophobic-hydrophilic alternating micro-nanostructure is formed; 2-5mm fine ceramsite is laid on the upper layer, with a thickness of 2-3cm. The fine ceramsite is soaked in 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2 hours;

[0066] Preparation of the three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric layer: The non-woven fabric is immersed in a mixed solution of 5% sodium alginate and 2% chitosan, removed and dried to form a modified non-woven fabric; a mixed layer of coconut shell fiber and super absorbent resin is evenly laid between the two layers of modified non-woven fabric. The super absorbent resin particle size is controlled to be 0.5-1mm, and the thickness of the mixed layer is 1-2cm. The edges are sutured and fixed with biodegradable fiber thread;

[0067] Preparation of the microbial-mineral improvement layer: Ceramsite and biochar were mixed in a ratio of 2:1. The biochar was matured at 60°C for 24 hours to a particle size of 3-5 mm. A phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria agent was mixed with the composite particles at a ratio of 10 g / kg. A 0.5% trehalose solution was sprayed to moisturize the mixture to form a microbial carrier layer.

[0068] Planting layer preparation: leaf mold is passed through a 2mm sieve, mixed with perlite and bamboo fiber in a ratio of 5:2:1, and then decomposed bamboo vinegar organic fertilizer is added. The pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5 and the EC value is 0.8-1.2mS / cm;

[0069] Assembly process: First lay a gradient expanded clay layer on the bottom of the bonsai pot, cover it with a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric layer after compaction, with the edge extending 2 cm beyond the pot wall; lay a microbial-mineral improvement layer, spray a small amount of clean water on the surface to activate the microorganisms; finally fill in the planting layer.

[0070] Although the present invention has been particularly shown and described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, and all such changes are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure, characterized in that: It includes a gradient ceramsite drainage layer, a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, a microbial-mineral improvement layer and a breathable and water-retaining planting layer; The gradient ceramsite drainage layer is composed of a coarse ceramsite bottom layer and a fine ceramsite upper layer. The porosity of the coarse ceramsite bottom layer is ≥45%, and the surface of the fine ceramsite upper layer is loaded with a 0.5-1% nano-silicon dioxide coating to form a gradient drainage channel with fine top and coarse bottom. The three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer is composed of two layers of modified non-woven fabrics sandwiched between a water-retaining and breathable functional layer; The microbial-mineral improvement layer is paved with ceramsite-biochar composite particles, and the surface of the particles is inoculated with a phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacterial agent; The breathable and water-retaining planting layer is formed by mixing leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fiber, and adding microbial fermented organic fertilizer.

2. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the coarse ceramsite is 5-10 mm, and the thickness of the coarse ceramsite bottom layer is 3-5 cm; the particle size of the fine ceramsite is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the fine ceramsite upper layer is 2-3 cm.

3. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified non-woven fabric is impregnated with a sodium alginate-chitosan composite solution to form nano-scale hydrophilic micropores on the surface. The water-retaining and breathable functional layer is composed of a mixture of 1-2 cm thick coconut shell fiber and a highly absorbent resin in a ratio of 3:

1.

4. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the microorganism-mineral improvement layer is 1-2 cm, the ratio of ceramsite to biochar in the ceramsite-biochar composite particles is 2:1, and the effective viable bacteria count of the phosphate and potassium dissolving bacteria agent is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g.

5. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria inoculated in the microbial-mineral improvement layer are compounded with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:1, and a sodium alginate-chitosan double-layer embedding technology is adopted. The outer chitosan layer is slowly released in acidic soil, and the inner sodium alginate layer is released in a neutral environment.

6. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breathable and water-retaining planting layer, leaf mold, perlite and bamboo fiber are mixed in a volume ratio of 5:2:

1.

7. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient expanded clay drainage layer, three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, microorganism-mineral improvement layer and breathable and water-retaining planting layer are connected by modular snap fasteners, and a concave-convex mosaic structure is provided at the edge of each layer.

8. The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure has various levels organized from bottom to top in the order of a gradient ceramsite drainage layer, a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric barrier layer, a microorganism-mineral improvement layer, and a breathable and water-retaining planting layer.

9. A method for constructing a bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure, for constructing the bamboo bonsai soil water conservation composite structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: Preparation of gradient ceramsite layer: 5-10mm coarse ceramsite is laid on the bottom layer, and the thickness after compaction is 3-5cm. The surface is sprayed with 2% nano-silica sol; 2-5mm fine ceramsite is laid on the upper layer, and the thickness is 2-3cm. The fine ceramsite is soaked in 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2 hours; Preparation of three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric layer: immersing non-woven fabric in a mixed solution of 5% sodium alginate and 2% chitosan, taking out and drying to form a modified non-woven fabric; A mixed layer of coconut shell fiber and super absorbent resin is evenly laid between the two layers of modified non-woven fabric; Preparation of the microbial-mineral improvement layer: Ceramsite and biochar are mixed in a ratio of 2:

1. The biochar is matured at 60°C for 24 hours to a particle size of 3-5 mm. A phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria agent is mixed with the ceramsite-biochar composite particles at a ratio of 10 g / kg. A 0.5% trehalose solution is sprayed on the particles for moisture retention to form a microbial carrier layer. Planting layer preparation: leaf mold is passed through a 2mm sieve, mixed with perlite and bamboo fiber in a ratio of 5:2:1, and then decomposed bamboo vinegar organic fertilizer is added. The pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5 and the EC value is 0.8-1.2mS / cm; Assembly process: First lay a gradient expanded clay layer on the bottom of the bonsai pot, cover it with a three-dimensional composite non-woven fabric layer after compaction, with the edge extending 2 cm beyond the pot wall; lay a microbial-mineral improvement layer, spray a small amount of clean water on the surface to activate the microorganisms; finally fill in the planting layer.

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