Fish inhabitation field and method for transforming fish inhabitation field from feed pit

Abstract

The invention provides a fish inhabitation field and a method for transforming a feed pit into a fish inhabitation field, and relates to the technical field of water ecological environment protection. The fish inhabitation field comprises an original river channel, a plurality of fish inhabitation fields are arranged on one side of the original river channel in the downstream direction, and a water retaining rock bank is arranged between the original river channel and the fish inhabitation fields; the elevations of the plurality of fish inhabitation fields are gradually reduced along the downstream direction, and overflow dams are arranged among the plurality of fish inhabitation fields; connecting ports are formed in the sides, adjacent to the original river channel, of the fish inhabitation field with the highest elevation and the fish inhabitation field with the lowest elevation, and retaining dams are arranged in the connecting ports. The method is low in engineering investment and simple in transformation construction. The retaining dam divides the material pit into multiple stages of water storage, the material pit is transformed into a place suitable for fish inhabiting and spawning, and the characteristic that an existing material pit is subjected to soil and stone slag backfilling treatment is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water ecological environment protection, in particular to a fish habitat and a method for transforming a material pit into a fish habitat. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, it is usually necessary to excavate soil and rock from the slopes on both sides of the river as a source of engineering materials. With the continuous mining of soil and rock, a large-scale pit is eventually formed on one side of the river bank. In order to reduce the height of the excavated slope, the pit often extends for a long distance along the river channel, and its length can reach more than 1.0 km. The formation of the pit has a significant impact on the local natural landscape. In order to restore the original appearance of the landscape and beautify the environment, the existing treatment method is mainly to backfill the pit with soil and rock debris, followed by landscape transformation or land reclamation. However, backfilling the pit requires the excavation and transportation of a large amount of soil and rock debris, which not only significantly increases the cost of the project, but also causes secondary damage to the environment. Therefore, studying the comprehensive reuse method of the excavated pits of water conservancy and hydropower projects is of great value in reducing project investment, improving the water ecological environment, and promoting the green construction of hydropower and water conservancy projects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a fish habitat and a method for transforming a material pit into a fish habitat, aiming to solve the problems of difficulty in backfilling slag with material pits formed after soil and stone materials are mined along rocky river banks during the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and high investment in reclamation and greening. The present invention is particularly suitable for the comprehensive utilization and treatment of soil and stone material pits formed after soil and stone materials are mined along river banks during the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0004] The present invention provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives: A fish habitat comprises an original river channel, with a plurality of fish habitats arranged on one side of the original river channel and along the direction of water flow, a water retaining rock step arranged between the original river channel and the plurality of fish habitats, the elevations of the plurality of fish habitats gradually decreasing along the direction of water flow, and rolling dams arranged between the plurality of fish habitats; a connecting port is opened on the side adjacent to the original river channel between the fish habitat at the highest elevation and the fish habitat at the lowest elevation, and a water retaining dam is arranged in the connecting port.

[0005] Furthermore, a fish passage is provided between two adjacent levels of fish habitats. The fish passage includes rack columns, and fish troughs are provided on the tops of the rack columns.

[0006] Furthermore, the slope of the fish passage is set to be less than 3%, the width of the fish passage is set to be not less than 2m, and stones are placed in the fish passage.

[0007] Furthermore, the bottoms of the plurality of fish habitats are paved with stones, and vines are arranged inside the plurality of fish habitats.

[0008] A method for transforming a feed pit into a fish habitat comprises the following steps: S1. Select impermeable sections and stable bank pits as candidate sites for fish habitat reconstruction and test the bank slope stability of the candidate sites; S2. Select the reconstruction area from the candidate sites, implement support measures for the material pits with insufficient bank slope stability, build water retaining rock sills on the side of the material pits close to the original river channel, and divide the material pits into sections along the direction of water flow; S3. Build rolling dams at the sections of the pit, lay stones at the bottom of the pit, and plant vines around the pit; S4. Build a fish passage on the rolling dam; S5. Build an upstream water retaining dam on the water retaining rock sill of the highest-level material pit and a downstream water retaining dam on the water retaining rock sill of the lowest-level material pit, so that the material pit is connected with the original river channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the step S2 divides the material pit into sections along the water flow direction in order to maximize the submerged water surface area and reduce the number of rolling dams and the engineering workload, and takes into account the pit bottom slope and plane shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the step S2 divides the material pit into sections along the direction of water flow in order to maximize the submerged water surface area and reduce the number of rolling dams and the amount of engineering work, and considers the pit bottom slope and plane shape, and the division length is set to be no less than 100m.

[0011] Furthermore, the top of the rolling dam is set to be arc-shaped, and the height of the rolling dam is set to be 5 to 10 meters.

[0012] Furthermore, the block stone paving thickness is 1 to 2 meters.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The project investment is low and the renovation and construction is simple. The water retaining dam divides the material pit into multiple levels of water storage and transforms the material pit into a suitable habitat for fish spawning. This avoids the problems of using soil and rock slag backfill in the existing material pit, which requires a large amount of soil and rock slag backfill, is insufficient, and requires high investment in pit reclamation and greening. The method of the present invention is simple to construct the material pit renovation. The amount of engineering involved, such as the water retaining dam, backfilling of pit bottom blocks, and planting of vines around it, is not large. Moreover, the water retaining dam and block stones can be made of excavated materials from the original soil and rock quarry, which is easy to obtain and saves engineering investment.

[0014] (3) Significantly improved the aquatic ecological environment of the project. The transformation of the material pit has, on the one hand, reduced the exposed area of ​​the material pit bank slope, reducing the damage to the ecology caused by the construction project; on the other hand, it has increased the water area of ​​the river channel, transforming the material pit into a suitable habitat for fish spawning, significantly improving the aquatic ecological environment of the project.

[0015] (3) It is beneficial to the development of local social economy and increase local economic income. By using the technology of the present invention, the material pit can be transformed into a suitable habitat for fish to spawn, which is beneficial to the development of local fish farming, serving the local social economy and increasing economic income. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the plan layout of the material pit transformation of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical water flow direction of the material pit transformation of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material pit transformation along the water flow direction of the present invention.

[0017] Figure numerals: 1-original river channel, 2-water flow direction, 3-water retaining rock, 4-material pit bank slope, 5-material pit, 6-upstream water retaining dam, 7-material pit water retaining dam, 8-downstream water retaining dam, 9-backfill stone, 10-vine plant, 11-fish passage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present application will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings; the drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein; on the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to enable a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosed content of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains; the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0021] Example. A fish habitat, the structure of which is referenced Figures 1 to 3 , including an original river channel 1, with a plurality of fish habitats arranged on one side of the original river channel 1 and along the direction of the water flow, a water retaining rock sill 3 arranged between the original river channel 1 and the plurality of fish habitats, the elevations of the plurality of fish habitats gradually decreasing along the direction of the water flow, and a rolling dam 7 arranged between the plurality of fish habitats; a connection opening is opened between the fish habitat at the highest level and the fish habitat at the lowest level on the side adjacent to the original river channel 1, and a water retaining dam is arranged in the connection opening; A fish passage 11 is provided between two adjacent fish habitats. The fish passage 11 includes a rack column, and a fish trough is provided on the top of the rack column. The slope of the fish passage 11 is set to be less than 3%, the width of the fish passage 11 is set to be not less than 2m, and stones 9 are placed in the fish passage 11; the stones 9 are placed in the fish passage 11 to further slow down the water flow speed and help fish migrate upstream; The bottom of the plurality of fish habitats is paved with stone blocks 9, and vines 10 are arranged inside the plurality of fish habitats; A method for transforming a feed pit into a fish habitat comprises the following steps: S1. Selecting a material pit 5 with an impermeable section and a stable bank slope as an alternative site for renovating a fish habitat, and testing the bank slope stability of the alternative site; S2. Select a reconstruction area from the candidate sites, take support measures for the material pit 5 with insufficient bank slope stability, build a water retaining rock sill 3 on the side of the material pit 5 close to the original river channel 1, and divide the material pit 5 into sections along the water flow direction; S3. Build a rolling dam 7 at the section of the pit 5, and lay stone blocks 9 at the bottom of the pit 5 and plant vines 10 around the pit 5. The top of the rolling dam 7 is set to be arc-shaped, and the height of the rolling dam 7 is set to 5-10m. The stone blocks 9 are laid with a thickness of 1-2m. The diameter of the stone blocks 9 should not be too small and must be of good quality. Stones excavated from the raw material yard can be used. Planting vines 10 and laying stone blocks 9 are conducive to water body renewal, improving the aquatic ecological environment, and are more suitable for fish to live and spawn. The materials of the rolling dam 7 can be concrete, mortar masonry, etc. The construction of the rolling dam 7 must ensure its water-retaining stability. The height of the retaining dam should be 5-10m, and its water-retaining depth should be suitable for local fish to live and spawn. S4, constructing a fish passage 11 on the rolling dam 7; S5, build an upstream dam 6 on the water retaining rock sill 3 of the highest level material pit 5 and build a downstream dam 8 on the water retaining rock sill 3 of the lowest level material pit 5, so that the material pit 5 is connected to the original river channel 1; The step S2 divides the material pit 5 into sections along the direction of water flow in order to maximize the submerged water surface area and reduce the number of rolling dams 7 and the amount of engineering work, and takes into account the pit bottom slope and plane shape of the material pit 5 to reduce engineering investment; considering the renewal and restoration of the water ecosystem, the length of the material pit section should not be too small, and therefore the division length is set to be no less than 100m.

[0022] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: after the material pit 5 is transformed into a fish habitat, a multi-level waterfall is formed, which is beneficial to water circulation and more suitable for fish habitat and reproduction. In order to make the downstream fish migrate, fish passages 11 are set in the material pits 5 at each level. By paving blocks 9 and planting vines 10, the aquatic environment is improved, providing a suitable habitat and spawning and reproduction site for fish.

[0023] Obviously, the above is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, not all embodiments. The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Any combination, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, and other embodiments that can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fish habitat, comprising an original river channel (1), characterized in that: Several fish habitats are arranged on one side of the original river channel (1) and along the downstream direction, a water retaining rock step (3) is arranged between the original river channel (1) and the several fish habitats, the elevations of the several fish habitats gradually decrease along the downstream direction, and a rolling dam (7) is arranged between the several fish habitats; a connection port is opened on the side adjacent to the original river channel (1) for the fish habitat with the highest elevation and the fish habitat with the lowest elevation, and a water retaining dam is arranged in the connection port.

2. The fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fish passage (11) is provided between two adjacent fish habitats. The fish passage (11) comprises a rack column, and a fish passage trough is provided on the top of the rack column.

3. The fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the fish passage (11) is set to be less than 3%, the width of the fish passage (11) is set to be not less than 2m, and blocks of stone (9) are placed in the fish passage (11).

4. The fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottoms of the plurality of fish habitats are paved with stone blocks (9), and vine plants (10) are arranged inside the plurality of fish habitats.

5. A method for transforming a material pit into a fish habitat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select impermeable sections and stable bank pits (5) as alternative sites for fish habitat reconstruction, and test the bank stability of the alternative sites; S2. Select the reconstruction scope from the candidate sites, take support measures for the material pit (5) with insufficient bank slope stability, build a water retaining rock sill (3) on the side of the material pit (5) close to the original river channel (1), and divide the material pit (5) into sections along the water flow direction; S3, building a rolling dam (7) at the segment of the material pit (5), paving blocks (9) at the bottom of the material pit (5) and planting vines (10) around the material pit (5); S4, constructing a fish passage (11) on the rolling dam (7); S5. Build an upstream water retaining dam (6) on the water retaining rock sill (3) of the highest-level material pit (5) and a downstream water retaining dam (8) on the water retaining rock sill (3) of the lowest-level material pit (5), so that the material pit (5) is connected to the original river channel (1).

6. The method for transforming a material pit into a fish habitat according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step S2, the material pit (5) is divided into sections along the direction of water flow in order to maximize the submerged water surface area and reduce the number of rolling dams (7) and the amount of engineering work, and the slope and plane shape of the pit bottom of the material pit (5) are taken into consideration, and the length of the division is set to be no less than 100m.

7. The method for transforming a material pit into a fish habitat according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the rolling dam (7) is set to be arc-shaped, and the height of the rolling dam (7) is set to be 5 to 10 meters.

8. The method of transforming a material pit into a fish habitat according to claim 5, characterized in that: The paving thickness of the block stones (9) is 1 to 2 m.

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