Multi-habitat water body benthonic animal quantitative collection device and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-habitat water body benthonic animal quantitative collection device and application thereof.A rectangular frame with a knife edge is arranged at the front end of the collection device, limiting plates are arranged on the two sides and the front end of a top plate of the rectangular frame, a metal frame for installing a collection net is arranged at the rear end of the rectangular frame, and a connecting hole groove for detachably installing a telescopic rod and a balancing weight whole is formed in the middle of the collection device; the metal ring is connected with a safety rope, the front end limiting plate is provided with a front warping plate, catching net lock catches are arranged on the two sides of the metal frame, the bottom of the rectangular frame is provided with a double-plough-shaped hard bottom face which is aligned with the front end of the top and extends at the rear end, and a pressure block and a booster pump are installed in the middle of the bottom face. The lower portion of the collecting device is provided with a supporting guide rail, and the supporting guide rail is provided with a hydraulic rod and a movable tool bit. The collecting device disclosed by the invention can be used for quantitatively collecting, is wider in application range and higher in collecting efficiency, and provides powerful technical support for further researching the environmental ecological effect of the large benthonic animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of collecting benthic animals in water bodies, and in particular relates to a quantitative collection device for benthic animals in multiple habitats of water bodies and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Benthic animals are organisms that live on the bottom or surface of marine or inland waters and are a vital component of aquatic ecosystems. They are widely distributed in rivers, lakes, seas, reservoirs, mudflats, and other types of water bodies, often inhabiting hard substrates, soft mud, or suspended silt. In addition, there are benthic species that cling to plants or other benthic animals. Large benthic animals are an important indicator and key component of aquatic ecosystem health assessments. The accuracy of their assessments depends primarily on the ability to quantitatively sample these animals.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly focus on the qualitative collection of benthic animal samples. Qualitative collection usually uses Peterson grab-type mud samplers, D-type scoop nets and other collection methods to obtain benthic animal samples, but neither of the above two methods can achieve quantitative collection of benthic animal samples. For example, after grabbing surface sediments, the Peterson sampler often leaks sediment from the grab, and most of the surface sediments collected are of irregular shapes. The superposition of hydrological and hydrodynamic factors, bottom sediment type and other factors may cause the volume of sediment collected by the grab to be different, resulting in inaccurate sampling results. The D-type scoop net relies on gravity to naturally stick to the surface of the water body sediment during collection. When dragging the scoop net forward, the complex terrain and water flow conditions of rivers and lakes often cause the device to rotate or overturn, making it impossible for the collection device to always remain perpendicular to the bottom mud, resulting in uncertain changes in the cross-sectional area, causing the sampling surface to shift, the sampling section to change, and errors in the sampling depth, which in turn affects quantitative collection. Secondly, a large amount of silt is retained on the surface of the trawl during the collection process. On the one hand, some floating silt with high water content cannot be captured normally; on the other hand, the silt cannot be discharged well, causing some silt to escape due to resistance, which not only hinders the screening process of benthic animals and silt but also causes the evaluation results to be seriously underestimated.

[0004] Currently, quantitative collection of benthic animals in water bodies is often done using a Soper net. In shallow waters, conventional tools such as stainless steel shovels are used to collect benthic animals into the net, while in deeper waters, manual diving is required to collect benthic animals. This makes collection of benthic animals in multi-habitat water bodies with complex hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions very difficult. The entire actual operation process is cumbersome, and it is difficult to ensure that the actual collection range is consistent with the Soper net's demarcation range, which inevitably leads to errors in the accuracy and effectiveness of benthic sampling. In view of this, it is particularly important to propose a quantitative multi-habitat benthic collection device and method with quantitative characteristics, wide applicability, and high sampling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the Invention: To address a series of technical issues associated with the collection of benthic animals from aquatic bodies, such as inaccurate quantitative collection, low sampling and screening efficiency, and numerous restrictions on aquatic habitat conditions, the present invention provides a device and method for quantitatively collecting benthic animals from multiple habitats. This device provides a solution for quantitatively collecting benthic animals from multiple habitats, offering a more comprehensive sampling device and improved sampling and screening efficiency.

[0006] Technical solution: In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a quantitative collection device for multiple types of benthic animals in aquatic bodies. The front end of the collection device is a rectangular frame with a knife edge, and limit plates are provided on both sides and the front end of the top plate of the rectangular frame. The rear end is provided with a metal frame for installing the collection net, and the middle part is provided with a detachable telescopic rod, a connecting hole groove with an integral counterweight block, and a metal ring for connecting the safety rope. The front end limit plate innovatively has a front rocker structure, and net lock buckles are arranged on both sides of the metal frame. The bottom of the rectangular frame adopts a uniquely designed double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface. The front end of the bottom is equipped with a cutter head, which can accurately divide the sediment during the collection process to keep the sampling cross-sectional area fixed. At the same time, the rear end is tilted downward along the central axis to both sides to form an imitation plow-shaped structure. A pressure block and a power-assisting pump are installed in the middle of the bottom surface. The lower part of the collection device is provided with a support rail, and the support rail is provided with a hydraulic rod and a movable cutter head.

[0007] Furthermore, the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface is cleverly equipped with a cutter head structure at the front end, which can effectively divide the sediment during collection operations and ensure the stability of the sampling cross-sectional area; a pressure block is installed in the middle to transmit the bottom movable cutter head to cut the sediment, which is conducive to quantitative collection; the rear end is designed to imitate the plow shape with downward inclination on both sides along the central axis. The unique plow-shaped structure helps to reduce the resistance of the riverbed sediment and guide the bottom sediment to smoothly enter the collection net along both sides of the bottom surface, effectively preventing sediment accumulation and improving collection efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, a double-plow-shaped hard bottom is adopted for the bottom of the sampling device. The bottom is inclined downward on both sides along the central axis, and both sides are plow-shaped. An extended cutter head is provided on the double-plow-shaped hard bottom near the front opening. During the collection operation, the resistance caused by riverbed sediment and the like is effectively reduced. After collecting along the double-plow-shaped bottom, the bottom sediment can enter the collection net along both sides of the double-plow-shaped bottom to prevent sediment from accumulating on the upper part and affecting the collection efficiency. A pressure block is installed in the middle of the bottom surface, and the sediment enters with the bottom surface. Due to inertial contact with the pressure block, the pressure block transmits pressure to the vacuum booster pump through the pressure plate. The hydraulic oil in the vacuum booster pump is transmitted to the hydraulic rod installed on the upper part of the collector support rail, pushing the hydraulic rod forward. A movable cutter head is installed at the front end of the hydraulic rod, which can further split the sediment forward to ensure that the collection section is determined and quantitative collection is achieved. Moreover, after collecting along the double-plow-shaped bottom, the flow of water can be used to take away part of the collected sediment to ensure that the resistance is further reduced. In addition, the weight of the collector can be reduced when it is recovered, thereby improving the collection efficiency. The curved angles of the dual-plow-shaped hard bottom have been optimized, with both sides sloping downward along the central axis to form a unique plow-like structure. The curved angles of the dual-plow-shaped hard bottom range from 25°≤θ≤45°. This angle effectively guides sediment along the sides of the bottom into the collection net during collection, while reducing resistance to the sampler from riverbed sediment and improving collection efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, the limiting plate is made of a solid stainless steel plate and is integrated with a top depth sensor and a bottom depth sensor for accurately measuring the sampling depth, wherein the top depth sensor is arranged at the front end position of the outer side of the limiting plate.

[0010] Preferably, a front rocker is provided at the front limit plate of the sampling device, which can not only assist in collecting surface benthic animals during the collection process, but also reduce the entry of mud and sand fragments into the collection net from the top of the sampler, thereby reducing the sand content in the collection net and improving the collection efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the design of the three limiting plates has many significant advantages: improving sampling accuracy, enhancing sampling stability, facilitating depth control, reducing sediment interference, and improving sampling efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the design of the three limiting plates and the support rails provide stable support and horizontal monitoring for the sampler through their sturdy structural design, ensuring that the sampler will not tilt or rotate when moving on the bottom of the water. This stable support structure enables the sampler to maintain smooth horizontal movement, thereby ensuring that the cross-sectional area of ​​the front end of the sampler is fixed, avoiding errors caused by changes in the sampler's posture, and improving the reliability and accuracy of the sampling results. It provides more accurate data support for the subsequent quantitative analysis of the abundance of benthic animal communities. In a complex underwater environment, such as the presence of obstacles, turbulent water flow or a large bottom slope, the sampler is prone to shaking and displacement, affecting the smooth progress of the sampling process. The three limiting plates and the horizontal support rails can provide stable support for the sampler, allowing it to maintain smooth horizontal movement on the bottom of the water, reducing the bumps and shaking of the sampler caused by water flow impact or terrain undulations, improving the stability and safety of the sampling process, and ensuring the continuity and integrity of the sampling work. The top depth sensor and bottom depth sensor integrated with the limiting plate can monitor the depth position of the sampler on the bottom of the water in real time. When the sampler maintains steady horizontal movement, the sampling depth can be precisely controlled through sensor feedback to prevent the sampler from being too deep or too shallow, thereby ensuring that the sediment samples collected each time come from the same depth layer, achieving true quantitative collection. This is of great significance for studying the distribution of benthic animals at different water depths and their relationship with the water environment. The limit plate at the front end of the sampler can also play a certain blocking role, reducing the possibility of bottom sediment being stirred and entering the sampler, reducing the interference of sediment on the sampling process, improving the purity of the collected samples, making the collected benthic animal samples more representative, and facilitating subsequent research on the species, number and ecological characteristics of benthic animals. The stable sampling posture and precise cross-sectional area control enable the sampler to collect a more satisfactory number of samples per unit time, reducing repeated sampling or insufficient sampling due to sampling errors, thereby improving sampling efficiency and saving time and labor costs.

[0013] Furthermore, the detachable telescopic rod adopts a convenient connection method. By pressing the elastic pin to compress the spring, the corresponding two elastic pins are accurately aligned with the connection hole position and inserted. After releasing, the elastic pin automatically pops out with the help of the elastic force of the spring to achieve a tight connection with the connection hole.

[0014] Preferably, the detachable telescopic rod of the device compresses the spring by pressing the elastic pin, and the corresponding two elastic pin positions are placed in the connecting hole grooves. After alignment, the elastic pin automatically pops out under the elastic force of the spring and completes the connection with the collector. Each section is also installed and fixed to the slot of the next section through an elastic pin. The connection of the telescopic rod helps to solve the problem of lowering the collection equipment in areas that cannot be reached by ships, and the design that can only rotate 180° forward and backward prevents rotation due to terrain and water flow, and the collection surface cannot always remain perpendicular to the collection direction, resulting in an unstable cross-sectional area, affecting quantitative collection.

[0015] Furthermore, the net lock buckle is installed on the side plate of the collection device through double-row screws and is magnetically locked by an electromagnetic lock plate. The circular lock ring can rotate to both sides around the pin axis. After reaching the specified depth, it is opened by manual remote control. The two circular locks rotate to both sides around the two pin axes respectively to release the collection net, thereby realizing the storage of the collection net during the sinking process of the collector and the release of the collection net when it reaches the specified water depth, preventing the collection net from being entangled by aquatic plants or dead branches during the sinking process of the collector, thereby increasing the scope of application of the large benthic animal collection device.

[0016] Furthermore, the collector has a support rail at the bottom, and the support rail is provided with a hydraulic rod and a movable cutter head. This design can stabilize the collector during operation so that the sampler will not tilt due to traction force and water flow, thereby ensuring its quantitative collection.

[0017] Preferably, the guide rail is installed in the middle of the metal frame and is parallel to the top surface of the sampler. The guide rail is composed of a slide rail and a slider. A hydraulic rod is installed above the slider. During the collection process, the hydraulic rod relies on the vacuum booster pump installed in the middle of the double-plow-shaped bottom surface to move, transmitting the movable cutter head to move forward. After moving forward once, due to the hydraulic reflux of the vacuum booster pump and the resistance of the mud and sand, the hydraulic rod returns to its initial position. When it is pulled next time, the above movement is repeated again, so that the movable cutter head is continuously used to divide the mud and sand before collection, which not only improves the collection efficiency, but also ensures that the sampler can maintain a constant cross-sectional area when moving on the bottom of the water through its precise guiding effect. This guiding effect enables the sampler to always maintain a horizontal posture during the collection process, avoiding changes in cross-sectional area due to tilting or rotation of the sampler, ensuring that the collection section is determined, and thus achieving quantitative collection.

[0018] Furthermore, the rear end of the collection net is provided with a rectangular ring and a float that automatically inflates when it comes into contact with water. The collection net is unfolded and suspended in the water body, which can prevent the collection net from being sunken into the mud and sand due to gravity during underwater operations. While using water power to carry away the mud and sand, it can also increase the contact area between the collection net and the water body, so that the mud and sand can be better carried away, thereby improving the collection efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, the overall counterweight block is assembled by passing the safety rope through the hollow counterweight block and the hollow tube in sequence, and the hollow tube is pressed and assembled with the connecting hole groove using an elastic pin shaft.

[0020] The quantitative collection device described in the present invention mainly includes a limit plate, a front rocker, a cutter head, a metal ring, a double plow-shaped hard bottom surface, a collection net, a net lock buckle, a traction rope hole, a support guide rail, a metal frame, a rectangular ring, a connecting hole groove, a telescopic pull rod, an elastic pin shaft, a spring, a hollow counterweight block, a hollow tube, a float, a traction rope, a notch and other main components.

[0021] Preferably, the overall configuration of the sampler is: the front end is a rectangular frame with a knife edge, a limit plate with a front rocker protruding from the upper part, a connecting hole groove for the telescopic rod and a metal ring for connecting the safety rope on the top, two extended limit plates on both sides of the top, three top depth sensors are located at the outer front ends of the three limit plates respectively, and the bottom is a double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface, which is aligned with the front end of the top and extends further at the rear end compared to the top. The metal frame for installing the collection net is not horizontal but slightly inclined.

[0022] Preferably, the front end of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom has a cutter head, which can divide the sediment during the collection process to keep the sampling cross-sectional area fixed. The rear end is tilted downward on both sides along the central axis, and each side is plow-shaped and adopts a streamlined arc design. First, it prevents sediment from entering the collector during the collection process. Due to the inertia factor, it rolls forward, not only preventing organisms and bottom mud from entering the collection net smoothly, but also causing sediment to deposit in the front of the sampler, affecting the collection process. Benthic animals and those carrying sediment can be collected smoothly backward after entering the collector and enter the collection net. This design can not only prevent sediment from accumulating at the collection port and avoid clogging of the collection port due to sediment accumulation, thereby ensuring the stability of the sampling cross-sectional area and achieving quantitative collection, but also can collect floating mud with a higher water content by generating eddy currents; secondly, after being collected along the double-plow-shaped bottom surface, the bottom mud can enter the collection net along both sides of the double-plow-shaped bottom surface to prevent sediment from accumulating on the upper part and affecting the collection efficiency. When the accumulated sediment blocks the collection port, quantitative collection cannot be achieved.

[0023] Preferably, a hydraulic rod and a movable cutter head are installed at the front end of the support rail. Adding the support rail can not only prevent the sampling device from tilting, making the sampler more stable when working at the bottom of the water body, but also can use the pulling force and the force of the sediment to make the movable cutter head reciprocate during the collection process, so as to achieve the purpose of cutting the sediment and transporting it into the collector with high efficiency. This design of the support rail ensures that the sampler can maintain a constant cross-sectional area when moving at the bottom of the water through its precise guiding effect. This guiding effect allows the sampler to always maintain a horizontal posture during the collection process, avoiding changes in the cross-sectional area caused by the tilt or rotation of the sampler, ensuring the stability of the sampling cross-sectional area, and realizing quantitative collection.

[0024] The invention discloses an application of a multi-habitat water body benthic animal quantitative collection device in the quantitative collection of large benthic animals in river and lake water bodies.

[0025] Further, the following steps are included:

[0026] (1) Use the telescopic rod or counterweight to sink the collection device to the bottom of the water body so that the bottom substrate contacts the support rail. Tilt the telescopic rod forward or pull the traction rope forward, and shovel into the bottom substrate of the water body while moving forward until all three limit plates contact the bottom substrate.

[0027] (2) Unfold the collection net and suspend it in the water. Use three limit plates and support rails to keep the collection device moving smoothly and horizontally. Use a telescopic rod or traction rope to drag the collection device to collect. If the limit plate is lower than the surface of the bottom matrix and the bottom depth sensor is lower than the collection depth, gently pull the telescopic rod or traction rope to keep the sampler at the specified depth and ensure that the three depth sensors at the top are level.

[0028] (3) After the collection is completed, the collector can be returned to the water platform by pulling the telescopic rod or safety rope.

[0029] Furthermore, when the water depth is less than 5m, collection is carried out after the telescopic rod is connected to the connecting hole slot. When the water depth is greater than 5m, collection is carried out after the counterweight block is connected to the connecting hole slot as a whole.

[0030] Furthermore, when the sampling water area is deeper, a hollow tube, a hollow counterweight and a towing rope can be installed. The safety rope passed through the middle can be used to pull the counterweight several times to make it hit the sampler, so that it can sink to the required depth, and then be dragged forward by the towing rope for collection. This effectively solves the problem that when facing deeper water bodies, the collection device can only be lowered by dragging or using a safety rope, but when sinking to the bottom of the water, it cannot capture the inhabiting bottom mud to a certain depth and cannot achieve quantitative collection.

[0031] The present invention proposes for the first time a double-plow-shaped hard-bottom sampling head. This design helps to reduce the resistance of sediment to the sampler during the sampling process, thereby improving the collection efficiency. After the sediment enters the collector during the collection process, it can smoothly enter the collection net from both sides along the bottom surface, thereby preventing the sediment from entering the collection net backwards and clogging the collection port, resulting in the inability to collect quantitatively and affecting the normal collection process. The existing technology mostly uses triangular trawls and D-shaped nets. During the collection process, the sampling port will be blocked by sediment or medium-sized stones, resulting in benthic animals and bottom sediment being unable to enter the collection net, affecting the collection efficiency and success rate. The double-plow-shaped hard-bottom sampling head of this design is tilted downward on both sides along the central axis, and each side is plow-shaped. An extended blade is provided near the front opening of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface to fix the sampling cross-sectional area, thereby achieving quantitative collection. At the same time, the central axis also has a sharp blade, which is convenient for further dividing the collected sediments, allowing the sediments to enter the collection net more smoothly and prevent them from accumulating at the collection port, thereby ensuring the stability of the sampling cross-sectional area. During the collection operation, the resistance caused by riverbed sediment is more effectively reduced, and after collecting along the double-plow-shaped bottom surface, the flow of water can be used to carry away part of the collected sediment, ensuring that the resistance is further reduced, improving the collection efficiency, and preventing the escape of part of the silt caused by the blockage of the collection net.

[0032] Secondly, the present device combines a limit plate with a depth sensor. The setting of the limit plate not only plays a positioning role, but also integrates a depth sensor, which can monitor and control the sampling depth in real time. This design ensures that the sampler can maintain a constant sampling depth when moving on the bottom of the water, thereby realizing quantitative collection, and improves the stability of the sampler on the bottom of the water, ensuring that the sampling surface is fixed and vertical. By setting three limit plates at the front end and both sides of the sampler, the stability of the sampler in the horizontal direction can be maintained, ensuring that the cross-sectional area of ​​the front end of the sampler is fixed, which helps to achieve accurate control of the sediment volume and thus achieve quantitative collection. Under the influence of water flow or terrain, traditional samplers are often unable to accurately control the sampling depth during the collection process, and may rotate or roll over, resulting in the sampling head being unable to remain perpendicular to the bottom mud, and the collected sediment volume is inaccurate, affecting the quantification of the abundance of the benthic animal community. The present invention effectively solves the problem of quantitative collection through the combination of limit plates and depth sensors. Through the overall design of the telescopic rod and counterweight, the sampler can be quickly adjusted according to different water depth conditions to adapt to the collection needs of different water depths. Whether it is shallow water or deep water environment, quantitative collection can be flexibly achieved.

[0033] The setting of the limit plate also ensures a fixed cross-sectional area: during the collection process, keeping the sampler moving horizontally can ensure that the cross-sectional area at the front end of the sampler remains unchanged. This is because the three limit plates (on both sides and at the front end) are in contact with the bottom matrix, and the support rails sink into the mud and sand, forming a stable support structure to prevent the sampler from tilting or rotating, thereby ensuring that the cross-sectional area collected each time is consistent. Through the coordination of the limit plates, depth sensors and support rails, the sampling depth can be precisely controlled. When the sampler keeps moving horizontally, the limit plate at the bottom (bottom depth sensor) can ensure that the sampler does not go below the predetermined depth, while the limit plate at the top (top depth sensor) can ensure that the sampler is not too shallow. This ensures that the thickness of the sediment collected each time is consistent, thereby ensuring a fixed cross-sectional area and realizing quantitative collection.

[0034] Improved collection efficiency and accuracy: Smooth horizontal movement reduces sampling errors caused by sampler tilt or rotation, improving collection accuracy. This also helps reduce sediment accumulation on the sampler, preventing clogging of the sampling port and ensuring the net can effectively collect benthic samples.

[0035] Reduce sediment interference: The limit plate at the front end of the sampler can also play a certain blocking role, reducing the possibility of bottom sediment being stirred into the sampler, reducing the interference of sediment on the sampling process, improving the purity of the collected samples, and making the collected benthic animal samples more representative, which is conducive to subsequent research on the species, quantity and ecological characteristics of benthic animals.

[0036] Adapt to different terrains: In complex underwater terrain, maintaining smooth horizontal movement of the sampler can enable it to better adapt to terrain changes, avoid changes in collection depth and cross-sectional area caused by terrain undulations, and thus achieve quantitative collection under different terrain conditions.

[0037] The present invention installs two stoppers on either side of the sampler to determine the cross-sectional area of ​​the collector front end. To ensure the sampling depth, the stoppers at the front end of the sampler can also control the sampler in real time to prevent it from sinking below the sampling depth when sampling forward. Holes on both sides of the upper front end of the sampler are used to connect a traction rope for directional collection, effectively solving the problem of traditional samplers with uncontrolled collection depth and the inability to quantitatively analyze the collected benthic animals. Furthermore, when sampling in deep waters, the present invention can install a hollow counterweight block to repeatedly strike the sampler to the desired depth, effectively solving the problem of accurately controlling the sampler's sinking to a specified depth when facing deep water bodies. This design allows the sampler to remain stable during the sinking process. Once it reaches the predetermined depth, the collection net is released by manual remote control for fixed-point collection. This precise depth control is a prerequisite for achieving quantitative collection, ensuring that each sediment sample collected comes from the same depth layer, thereby ensuring the consistency and comparability of the collected samples. After sinking to the desired depth, the three stoppers (on both sides and at the front end) design allows the sampler to maintain stable horizontal movement. It helps to maintain the cross-sectional area of ​​the front end of the sampler fixed, ensuring the quantification of sampling. Because quantitative collection requires not only the control of the sampling depth, but also the control of the sampling area, the combination of the two can achieve accurate quantitative collection. Secondly, when facing shallower water bodies, the present invention uses a telescopic rod to pull the sampler, and the spring is compressed by pressing the elastic pin shaft. The corresponding two elastic pin shaft positions are placed in the connecting hole groove, and can only rotate 180° back and forth. When facing deeper water bodies, two-point guided traction is used, and there are traction rope holes on both sides of the front end of the collector. For two different situations, it can be achieved to prevent rotation due to the action of terrain and water flow, and the collection surface cannot always remain perpendicular to the collection direction, resulting in an unstable cross-sectional area, which affects quantitative collection.

[0038] The present invention is equipped with a detachable telescopic rod. In some waters where it is impossible to lower the collection equipment by boat, and lowering the collection equipment on the shore cannot meet the specified collection distance, the telescopic rod can be installed, and the collection equipment can be dropped to a suitable distance on the shore. At the same time, the present invention also uses a net lock to effectively fix the collection net when diving into deeper waters. The lock is installed on the side plate of the collector through a double row of screws and is locked by magnetic attraction of an electromagnetic sheet. When the specified depth is reached, it is opened by manual remote control, and the two circular locks rotate on both sides around the pin axis to release the collection net, thereby realizing the storage of the collection net during the sinking process of the collector and the release of the collection net when the specified water depth is reached. To address the problem of low collection efficiency caused by poor applicability of traditional methods, this design adopts a double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface for the bottom of the sampler, and provides an extended blade near the front opening of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface. The rear part uses a streamlined arc design, which more effectively reduces the resistance caused by riverbed sediment during the collection operation. Moreover, after collection along the double-plow-shaped bottom surface, the bottom sediment can enter the collection net along both sides of the double-plow-shaped bottom surface to prevent sediment from accumulating on the upper part and affecting the collection efficiency. Moreover, the flow of water can be used to carry away part of the collected sediment, effectively ensuring that the resistance is further reduced. In addition, the weight of the collector can be reduced when it is recovered, thereby improving the collection efficiency.

[0039] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0040] The quantitative collection device of this invention addresses the predicament of my country's inability to quantitatively collect large benthic animals. It offers the advantages of quantitative collection, a wider range of applicability, and higher collection efficiency, providing strong technical support for further research into the environmental and ecological effects of large benthic animals. The device addresses the current demands for the species and abundance of benthic animal communities in relation to water pollution, nutritional status, and environmental prediction. It further supports the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin, and contributes to the development of a "water ecological civilization."

[0041] The present invention provides a detachable telescopic rod and hollow counterweight design, allowing the sampler to adapt to different water depths. This design allows the sampler to use the telescopic rod in shallow water and the hollow counterweight in deep water, ensuring that the sampler can be precisely controlled to sink to the specified depth and achieve quantitative collection.

[0042] The lower part of the sampler is equipped with a support rail, a hydraulic rod and a movable cutter head, which can continuously move back and forth to cut the mud and sand during the collection process, so that collection can still be carried out more easily when encountering stones or high-density mud and sand. It can also ensure that the collector is not easily tilted by traction or water flow during the sampling process. While ensuring its stability, it not only improves the collection efficiency, but also ensures quantitative collection.

[0043] The sampler's rear metal frame is fitted with net locks on both sides, which are magnetically locked by electromagnetic locking plates. Once the sampler reaches a specified depth, they are manually opened remotely, releasing the net. This design prevents the net from becoming entangled in aquatic plants or dead branches during the sampler's descent, expanding the applicability of the device for collecting large benthic animals.

[0044] The rear end of the collection net is equipped with a rectangular ring and a float that automatically inflates when it encounters water, which unfolds the net and suspends it in the water. This design prevents the net from being trapped in sediment due to gravity during underwater operations. While utilizing hydraulic power to remove sediment, it also increases the contact area between the collection net and the water, allowing for better sediment removal and improving collection efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the main body of the macrobenthic animal collector of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A side view of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the component structure of the limiting plate;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom pressure transmission device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collector support rail of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the detachable telescopic pull rod and the hollow counterweight block of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the net lock of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available. Experimental methods without specific conditions specified in the examples are generally performed under conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0053] 1. Limit plate; 2. Front rocker; 3. Cutting head; 4. Metal ring; 5. Double plow-shaped hard bottom; 6. Collection net; 7. Net lock buckle; 8. Towing rope hole; 9. Support rail; 10. Rectangular ring; 11. Connecting hole slot; 12. Telescopic rod; 13. Elastic pin; 14. Spring; 15. Hollow counterweight; 16. Hollow tube; 17. Float; 18. Towing rope; 19. Notch; 20. Metal frame; 101. Stainless steel plate; 102. Top depth sensor; 103. Bottom depth sensor; 501. Pressure block; 502. Vacuum booster pump; 503. Pressure plate; 504. Hydraulic oil pipe; 701. Electromagnetic lock plate; 702. Circular lock ring; 703. Screw; 704. Pin; 901. Slide rail; 902. Slider; 903. Hydraulic rod; 904. Movable cutting head.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the overall configuration of the sampler is: the front end is a rectangular frame with a knife edge, a limit plate 1 with a front rocker 2 protruding from the upper part, a connecting hole 11 for the telescopic rod 12 and a metal ring 4 for connecting the safety rope on the top, two extended limit plates 1 on both sides of the top, three top depth sensors 102 are respectively located at the outer front ends of the three limit plates 1, and the bottom is a double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5. The bottom surface is aligned with the front end of the top and extends further at the rear end. The metal frame for installing the collection net is not horizontal but slightly inclined. The front end of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5 is provided with a cutter head 3, and the front end of the support guide rail 9 is provided with a movable cutter head 904, which can divide the sediment during the collection process to fix the sampling cross-sectional area, and the rear end is tilted downward on both sides along the central axis. Each side is plow-shaped and adopts a streamlined arc design. First, it prevents sediment from entering the collector during the collection process. Due to the inertia factor, it rolls forward, not only can the organisms and bottom sediment not enter the collection net 6 smoothly, but it can also cause sediment to be deposited in the front of the sampler, affecting the collection process. Benthic animals and those carrying sediment can be smoothly collected backward after entering the collector and enter the collection net 6; secondly, after being collected along the double-plow-shaped bottom surface, the bottom sediment can enter the collection net 6 along both sides of the double-plow-shaped bottom surface. The bending angles on both sides of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface and the vortex angle work together to enable the sediment to form a certain vortex when entering the collection net. This vortex helps to draw floating mud with high water content into the collection net, preventing sediment from accumulating on the upper part and affecting the collection efficiency. When the accumulated sediment blocks the collection port, quantitative collection will not be possible.

[0056] Quantitative collection is achieved by assembling the limit plates 1 on both sides and the front end and the support rails 9. The three limit plates 1 are used to ensure that the collection process remains horizontal. The support rails 9 ensure that the sampler is not easily tilted and is conducive to the separation of sediment. Figure 2As shown, each of the three limiting plates 1 is composed of a stainless steel plate 101 and a top depth sensor 102. The three top depth sensors 102 are coplanar with the collector's top plate. The bottom sensor 103 is used to ensure a stable sampling depth. If the limiting plate 1 is lower than the surface of the bottom substrate and the bottom depth sensor 103 is lower than the collection depth during sampling, the telescopic rod 12 or the traction rope 18 is slightly pulled to bring the sampler to the specified depth and ensure that the three top depth sensors 102 are level. The collector front end can also be selected from different sizes, such as 25 cm and 50 cm, according to different collection conditions or collection areas, to achieve quantitative collection of benthic animals from different bottom substrates and water environments.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, a detachable telescopic rod 12 is mounted on the top of the sampler. The telescopic rod 12 compresses the spring 14 by pressing the elastic pin 13. The spring 14 is placed into the connection slot 11 corresponding to the position of the two elastic pins 13. After alignment, the elastic pins 13 automatically pop out under the spring force to complete the connection with the collector. Each section is also fixed to the slot 19 of the next section by an elastic pin 13. The telescopic rod connection helps solve the problem of lowering the collection equipment in areas that cannot be reached by ships. The design that can only rotate 180 degrees forward and backward more effectively prevents rotation caused by terrain and water flow, which makes it impossible to always keep the collection surface perpendicular to the collection direction, resulting in an unstable cross-sectional area and affecting quantitative collection. The hollow tube 16 and the telescopic rod 12 are replacement devices, both of which are installed by connecting the elastic pin 13 with the connecting hole groove 11. When the sampling water area is deeper, the hollow tube 16, the hollow counterweight block 15 and the traction rope 18 can be installed. The hollow counterweight block 15 is pulled up multiple times with the safety rope passed through the middle to make it hit the sampler so that it can sink to the required depth, and then dragged forward by the traction rope 18 for collection. This effectively solves the problem that when facing deeper water bodies, the collection device can only be lowered by dragging or using a safety rope, but when sinking to the bottom of the water, it cannot capture the inhabiting bottom mud to a certain depth and cannot achieve quantitative collection.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, net lock buckles 7 are installed on both sides of the metal frame 20 at the rear end of the sampler. The lock buckles are installed on the side panels of the collector by double-row screws 703 and are magnetically locked by electromagnetic lock pieces 701. After reaching the specified depth, they are opened by manual remote control. The two circular lock rings 702 rotate to both sides around the two pin shafts 704 respectively to release the collection net 6, thereby realizing the storage of the collection net 6 during the sinking process of the collector and the release of the collection net 6 when it reaches the specified water depth, preventing the collection net 6 from being entangled by aquatic plants or dead branches during the sinking process of the collector, thereby increasing the scope of application of the large benthic animal collection device.

[0059] A double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5 is adopted for the bottom of the sampler, and the bottom surface is inclined downward on both sides along the central axis, and each side is plow-shaped, and an extended cutter head 3 is provided near the front opening of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5. During the collection operation, the resistance caused by riverbed sediment and the like is more effectively reduced, and the collection port is avoided from being blocked due to sediment accumulation, thereby ensuring the stability of the sampling cross-sectional area and realizing quantitative collection. It can also collect floating mud with a high water content by generating eddy currents. After being collected along the double-plow-shaped bottom surface, the bottom mud can enter the collection net 6 along both sides of the double-plow-shaped bottom surface to prevent sediment from accumulating on the upper part and affecting the collection efficiency. Moreover, after being collected along the double-plow-shaped bottom surface, the flow of water can be used to take away part of the collected sediment, ensuring that the resistance is further reduced. In addition, the weight of the collector can be reduced when it is recovered, thereby improving the collection efficiency.

[0060] A front rocker 2 is provided at the front limit plate of the sampler, which can not only assist in collecting surface benthic animals during the collection process, but also reduce the entry of mud and sand fragments into the collection net 6 from the top of the sampler, thereby reducing the sand content in the collection net 6 and improving the collection efficiency.

[0061] A float 17 is provided on the rear end rectangular circle of the collection net 6 to automatically inflate when in contact with water. This can prevent the collection net 6 from sinking into the mud and sand due to gravity during underwater operations. While utilizing water power to carry away the mud and sand, it can also increase the contact area between the collection net 6 and the water body, allowing the mud and sand to be carried away better and improving the collection efficiency.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, before the start of biological collection, according to the different river water depths, when the water depth is less than 5m, the telescopic rod 12 is installed, and each section of the telescopic rod 12 is fixed to the slot 19 of the next section through the elastic pin 13, and the elastic pin 13 is pressed and assembled with the connecting hole slot 11; when the water depth is greater than 5m, a safety rope is installed on the metal ring 4, and the safety rope is passed through the hollow counterweight block 15 and the hollow tube 16 in sequence, and the hollow tube 16 is pressed and assembled with the connecting hole slot 11 using the elastic pin 13, and at the same time, a traction rope 18 is installed in the traction rope hole 8.

[0064] When the water depth is less than 5m, the collector is pressed vertically down to the bottom of the water body using the telescopic rod 12, so that the bottom matrix contacts the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5, and the telescopic rod 12 is tilted forward. The telescopic rod 12 is pressed and pulled to move the collector forward while shoveling it into the bottom matrix of the water body until all three limit plates 1 contact the bottom matrix; when the water depth is greater than 5m, the assembly of the collector and the counterweight is placed into the water and sunk to the bottom of the water body, so that the bottom matrix contacts the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5, and the traction rope 18 is pulled forward while pulling and releasing the safety rope several times to make the hollow counterweight 15 move up and down in the hollow tube 16, knocking the collector down to shovel it into the bottom matrix of the water body until all three limit plates 1 contact the bottom matrix.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, when the collector reaches the sampling point and collection depth, there are net lock buckles 7 on both sides of the metal frame 20 at the rear end of the collector. The lock buckles are installed on the side panels of the collector through double rows of screws 703 and are magnetically locked by electromagnetic lock pieces 701. After reaching the specified depth, it is opened by manual remote control, and the two circular lock rings 702 rotate to both sides around the pin shaft 704 to release the collection net.

[0066] At the same time, a float 17 is provided on the rectangular circle 10 at the rear end of the collection net, which is automatically inflated when it comes into contact with water, and the collection net 6 is unfolded and suspended in the water body, ensuring that the collection net 6 will not be trapped in the bottom matrix due to factors such as mud and gravity, which hinders the smooth collection. In addition, due to the action of the float 17, the contact area between the collection net 6 and the water body is increased, so that mud and sand can be better carried away, thereby reducing the resistance during the collection process.

[0067] During the collection process, the sampler is kept in steady horizontal movement by three limit plates. When the water depth is less than 5m, the telescopic rod 12 is used to drag the collector for collection. If the limit plate 1 is lower than the surface of the bottom matrix and the bottom depth sensor 103 is lower than the collection depth, the telescopic rod 12 is slightly pulled to make the sampler at the specified depth, and the three top depth sensors 102 are ensured to be horizontal; when the water depth is greater than 5m, the traction rope 18 is used to drag the collector. If the limit plate 1 is lower than the surface of the bottom matrix and the bottom depth sensor 103 is lower than the collection depth, the traction rope 18 is slightly pulled to make the sampler at the specified depth, and the three top depth sensors 102 are ensured to be horizontal.

[0068] During the collection process, the front end of the plow-shaped hard bottom surface 5 is provided with a blade head 3 to reduce resistance and facilitate collection. The streamlined arc design at the rear end prevents the sediment from rolling forward and causing sediment deposition, so that benthic animals and the sediment they carry can be smoothly collected backward after entering the collector and enter the collection net 6.

[0069] After the fixed-distance collection is completed, the collector is recovered to the water platform by pulling the telescopic rod 12 or the safety rope, and the collected samples are safely transferred through other equipment to avoid the collected samples coming into contact with the air and causing changes in their properties, thereby ensuring the state and authenticity of the collected samples, and thus completing the quantitative collection of the entire large benthic animals.

Claims

1. A quantitative collection device for benthic animals in multiple habitats, characterized in that: The front end of the collecting device is a rectangular frame with a knife edge, and both sides and the front end of the rectangular frame top plate are provided with limit plates (1), and the rear end is provided with a metal frame (20) for installing a collecting net (6). The middle part is provided with a detachable telescopic rod (12), a connecting hole groove (11) with an integral counterweight block, and a metal ring (4) for connecting a safety rope. The front end limit plate (1) has a front rocker plate, and both sides of the metal frame (20) are provided with a net locking buckle (7). The bottom of the rectangular frame is provided with a double plow-shaped hard bottom surface (5) aligned with the front end of the top and extending from the rear end.

2. The quantitative collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the limit plate (1) is provided with a top depth sensor (102) for measuring the sampling depth, and the bottom end is provided with a bottom depth sensor (103).

3. The quantitative collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (12) compresses the spring (14) by pressing the elastic pin (13), and is placed into the connection hole groove (11) at the corresponding position of the elastic pin (13). After alignment, the elastic pin (13) automatically pops out due to the elastic force of the spring (14), and is connected to the connection hole groove (11).

4. The quantitative collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The net lock buckle (7) is mounted on the side plate of the collection device via a double row of screws (703) and is magnetically locked via an electromagnetic lock piece (701). The circular lock ring (702) can rotate to both sides around a pin shaft (704).

5. The quantitative collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface (5) is provided with a cutter head (3) which can divide the sediment during the collection process so as to keep the sampling cross-sectional area fixed. The rear end is tilted downwards along the central axis to both sides, and each side is in an imitation plow shape.

6. The quantitative collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the collection net (6) is provided with a rectangular ring (10) and a floating ball (17) which automatically inflates when in contact with water. The collection net (6) is unfolded and suspended in the water body.

7. The quantitative collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight block as a whole is assembled by sequentially passing a safety rope through the hollow counterweight block (15) and the hollow tube (16), and pressing the hollow tube (16) with the connection hole groove (11) using an elastic pin shaft (13).

8. Use of the multi-habitat benthic zooquantitative collection device according to claim 1 in the quantitative collection of macrobenthic zoos in rivers and lakes.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Using the telescopic rod (12) or the counterweight block as a whole, the collection device is sunk to the bottom of the water body so that the bottom substrate contacts the double-plow-shaped hard bottom surface (5), and the telescopic rod (12) is tilted forward or the traction rope (18) is pulled forward, while moving forward and shoveling into the bottom substrate until all three limit plates (1) contact the bottom substrate; (2) unfold the collection net (6) and suspend it in the water body, and use three limit plates (1) to keep the collection device in a stable horizontal movement. Use the telescopic rod (12) or the traction rope (18) to drag the collection device for collection. If the limit plate (1) is lower than the surface of the bottom matrix and the bottom depth sensor (103) is lower than the collection depth, slightly pull the telescopic rod (12) or the traction rope (18) to make the sampler at the specified depth and ensure that the three depth sensors (102) at the top are in a horizontal position. (3) After the collection is completed, the collector can be returned to the water platform by pulling the telescopic rod (12) or the safety rope (18).

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that When the water depth is less than 5m, the telescopic rod (12) is connected to the connecting hole slot (11) for collection. When the water depth is greater than 5m, the counterweight block is connected to the connecting hole slot (11) for collection.

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