Concentrate supplement for improving semen quality of breeding rams

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ram semen supplements, in particular to a concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of breeding rams. The feed is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 35-85 parts of corn straws, 7-20 parts of a vitamin additive, 15-20 parts of trihydroxymethyl aminomethane, 18-22 parts of glucose, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 2-8 parts of an antioxidant, 2-12 parts of piny flower spike powder, 5-14 parts of a feed additive, 3-5 parts of minerals, 2-6 parts of a natural plant extract and 3-8 parts of a bacterium enzyme compound. By adding protein, vitamins and mineral substances for precise nutrient enrichment and adding natural plant extracts and antioxidant bioactive components for regulation and feeding management adaptation, the semen quality and breeding efficiency of the rams are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ram semen supplements, and more particularly to a concentrate supplement for improving the quality of ram semen. Background Art

[0002] Sheep crossbreeding involves crossing two or more breeds to combine their superior traits in order to create new, valuable breeds. The breeds used for crossbreeding can be existing sheep breeds, improved breeds, or hybrids created by crossing superior breeds.

[0003] Sheep hybridization methods can be divided into many types, such as breeding with genotype improvement as the main goal (progressive hybridization breeding with multiple hybridization steps, introduction hybridization breeding that requires the introduction of exogenous genes, etc.), breeding with economic efficiency improvement as the main goal (selecting two or more breeds with economic advantages for hybridization), etc.

[0004] Sheep are mammals. The biggest difference between them and plants is that a plant can produce a few to dozens of fruits, and a piece of land can produce thousands of hybrid offspring. The probability of new traits appearing is relatively high, and it is easy to select high-quality strains. However, the natural mating and hybridization of sheep is usually only one-to-one hybridization. The sperm utilization rate of rams is not high, resulting in a small number of offspring, and it is not easy to control the mating date and mating success rate, resulting in a high efficiency of hybrid breeding.

[0005] In recent years, artificial insemination has gradually matured and gained widespread application. This involves collecting sperm from high-quality rams and injecting it into multiple ewes. This improves the utilization of high-quality ram sperm, resulting in improved embryo quality, conception rate, and embryo survival rate, thereby increasing the number of hybrid offspring produced. Researchers can independently control the timing and location of hybridization, improving the efficiency of sheep hybridization. However, artificial insemination also has the following drawbacks: 1) Improper storage of collected sperm can easily contaminate or inactivate it, reducing sperm quality and resulting in a lower hybridization success rate; 2) Artificial insemination only adjusts the hybridization time and hybridization sample. For a specific ewe, the number of embryos allowed and the embryo survival rate do not significantly increase, remaining at the level of standard hybridization success rates.

[0006] Semen quality is a key indicator of a ram's breeding value and is closely related to its physical condition. The prohibition of antibiotics in feed has led to problems such as weakened immunity in livestock. A single ejaculation requires 50 grams of protein for a ram. Inadequate diets can result in low semen volume and poor semen quality. Some farms use a single roughage diet (limited to alfalfa or straw) and simple concentrate feed ingredients (corn, oil residue, etc.), failing to provide complete compound feed and necessary supplements such as carrots and lick blocks. Inadequate supplies of key nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, and vitamin E directly impact sperm production. Low semen density requires increased protein feed, while poor sperm motility requires increased exercise, but dynamic adjustments are often lacking in practice. Natural plant additives (such as epimedium and ginkgo biloba extracts) can improve sperm motility and extend the lifespan of rams, but their widespread adoption is limited by cost and lack of technical awareness.

[0007] Since the prohibition of antibiotics in feed has led to problems such as low immunity in livestock, it is particularly important to study how to improve the semen quality and antioxidant capacity of rams. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides a concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams. The concentrate supplement achieves precise nutritional enhancement by adding proteins, vitamins and minerals, and is regulated and adapted to feeding management by adding natural plant extracts and antioxidant bioactive ingredients, thereby comprehensively improving the semen quality and reproductive efficiency of rams.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams, which is prepared from the following components by mass: 35-85 parts of corn straw, 7-20 parts of vitamin additives, 15-20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 18-22 parts of glucose, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 2-8 parts of antioxidant, 2-12 parts of pine spike powder, 5-14 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 2-6 parts of natural plant extracts, and 3-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complexes.

[0010] Preferably, it is made from the following components by mass: 45-85 parts of corn straw, 12-20 parts of vitamin additives, 16-20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 20-22 parts of glucose, 5-8 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 5-8 parts of antioxidant, 8-12 parts of pine spike powder, 7-14 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 3-6 parts of natural plant extracts, and 4-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0011] Preferably, it is made from the following components by mass: 55-85 parts of corn straw, 15-20 parts of vitamin additives, 18-20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 18-20 parts of glucose, 8-10 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 2-6 parts of antioxidant, 5-12 parts of pine spike powder, 5-10 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 3-6 parts of natural plant extracts, and 5-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0012] Preferably, it is made from the following components by mass: 65-85 parts of corn straw, 16-20 parts of vitamin additives, 18-20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 20-22 parts of glucose, 7-10 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 5-8 parts of antioxidant, 10-12 parts of pine spike powder, 9-14 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 2-4 parts of natural plant extracts, and 4-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0013] Preferably, it is made from the following components by mass: 70-85 parts of corn straw, 17-20 parts of vitamin additives, 18-20 parts of trishydroxymethylaminomethane, 18-20 parts of glucose, 8-10 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 2-5 parts of antioxidant, 2-5 parts of pine spike powder, 5-8 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 2-5 parts of natural plant extracts, and 5-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0014] Preferably, it is made from the following components by mass: 75-85 parts of corn straw, 18-20 parts of vitamin additives, 15-16 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 18-19 parts of glucose, 5-6 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 5-8 parts of antioxidant, 8-12 parts of pine spike powder, 10-14 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 5-6 parts of natural plant extracts, and 5-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0015] Preferably, the antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 2-7:1-3:1.

[0016] Preferably, the antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 2-7:2-3:1.

[0017] Preferably, the antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 2-7:3:1.

[0018] Preferably, the bacterial enzyme complex is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions, and the viable cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ≥2×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is ≥1.5×10 5 IU / g.

[0019] Preferably, the bacterial enzyme complex is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions, and the viable cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ≥5×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is ≥3.5×10 5 IU / g.

[0020] Preferably, the natural plant extracts are astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2-3:1:1-2:1-3.

[0021] Preferably, the natural plant extracts are astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2-3:1:2:2-3.

[0022] Preferably, the feed additive is N-carbamylglutamate and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of N-carbamylglutamate to guanidinoacetic acid is 3-5:2-3.

[0023] Preferably, the feed additive is N-carbamylglutamate and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of N-carbamylglutamate to guanidinoacetic acid is 4-5:3.

[0024] Preferably, the mineral is one or more of organic zinc, organic selenium, zinc, selenium, and manganese.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams, and the concentrate supplement is used in the preparation of feed for improving the semen quality of rams.

[0026] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The addition of corn straw to the present invention improves the nutritional value and palatability of feed, significantly increasing crude protein content, meeting the protein needs of breeding rams and promoting testicular development and spermatogenesis. Corn straw provides effective fiber, promoting rumination and salivation, and maintaining a stable rumen pH. Excessive concentrate ratios can lower rumen pH, while an appropriate amount of corn straw can optimize the concentrate-to-roughage ratio and increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and fiber.

[0027] 2. The present invention incorporates vitamin additives, including vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. Vitamin E can significantly increase ejaculate volume, semen concentration, sperm motility, and the proportion of normal sperm, and reduce sperm deformity rates in rams. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit free radical lipid peroxidation damage to sperm cell membranes through its antioxidant effects, thereby maintaining the integrity of the sperm acrosomal membrane. Vitamin E can reduce damage to the seminiferous epithelium, prevent spermatogenesis disorders, and protect the testes from oxidative stress. Deficiency can lead to testicular atrophy and sperm abnormalities. Vitamin C, a potent antioxidant, neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces oxidative damage to sperm DNA and phospholipid peroxidation, thereby improving sperm motility, motility, and survival rate. Vitamin C improves the antioxidant status of rams and maintains sperm concentration and motility. Its combined use with vitamin E offers even greater efficacy, is cost-effective, and is easy to administer. Vitamin B12 can significantly improve sperm motility, progressive motility, survival rate, and the proportion of normal sperm, making it particularly suitable for long-term semen storage. As a B vitamin, vitamin B12 promotes growth and reproductive performance in rams, and synergistically with other nutrients (such as niacin and beta-carotene) improves estrus and ovulation quality. Vitamins E and C work together to combat oxidative stress and protect sperm structure and function. Vitamin B12 optimizes sperm development by supporting cellular metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis. The combined use of these three can comprehensively enhance semen quality.

[0028] 3. The present invention incorporates tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TMA) to maintain semen pH stability through its buffering capacity, reducing osmotic stress and acidosis during freezing, thereby protecting the structural and functional integrity of sperm membranes. When used in conjunction with antioxidants, it can significantly improve sperm freeze tolerance and fertilization potential.

[0029] 4. The present invention incorporates glucose. Adding glucose to feed can elevate the body's energy levels and indirectly support testicular function. It has been shown that high-concentrate diets (containing glucose precursors) can increase plasma glucose levels, potentially optimizing the energy supply for spermatogenesis.

[0030] 5. The present invention incorporates citric acid, a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Citric acid participates in the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, providing energy for sperm motility. Citric acid in seminal plasma primarily originates from the prostate, and its content is positively correlated with sperm motility. Citric acid, in particular, directly contributes to energy supply during sperm maturation and motility. Citric acid in feed can lower gastrointestinal pH, inhibit the growth of pathogens like E. coli, promote the growth of probiotics like lactic acid bacteria, and maintain a balanced intestinal flora. A healthy intestinal environment facilitates nutrient absorption, indirectly supporting the nutritional needs of sperm development.

[0031] 6. The present invention adds sodium citrate, which can be used as a feed acidifier to improve the intestinal flora and physiological status of livestock. Good overall health may indirectly support reproductive function.

[0032] 7. This invention incorporates antioxidants, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, which significantly improve semen quality by synergistically scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining redox balance, and protecting sperm structure and function. Combined with selenium and vitamin E supplementation, this can maximize improvements in sperm motility, survival rate, and fertilization potential.

[0033] 8. The present invention incorporates pine pollen, which has the effects of enhancing immunity, fighting tumors, lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, resisting oxidation, regulating hormone levels, and inhibiting prostate hyperplasia. As a feed resource, pine pollen is derived from plants and is pure, natural, pollution-free, and non-toxic. It not only has a beneficial effect on the body, but also can improve ram semen quality, serum reproductive hormone levels, serum antioxidant levels, and reproductive performance.

[0034] 9. The present invention incorporates feed additives consisting of N-carbamylglutamate and guanidinoacetic acid. N-carbamylglutamate is a key activator of endogenous arginine synthesis, promoting arginine synthesis by activating carbamyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). Arginine, as a precursor of polyamines (such as spermine and spermidine) and nitric oxide (NO), is crucial for sperm development. Ornithine, produced by arginine metabolism, can be converted into polyamines, promoting sperm differentiation and growth, and increasing sperm concentration and motility. Arginine is synthesized into NO via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), enhancing sperm motility and fertilizing capacity. This can significantly increase NO and arginine concentrations in ram seminal plasma, reduce urea concentration, and thus improve semen quality. Guanidinoacetic acid is converted into creatine in the body, providing energy (ATP) for sperm, directly enhancing sperm motility. N-carbamylglutamate improves sperm quality and the hormonal environment through the arginine pathway; guanidinoacetic acid enhances sperm motility through energy supply.

[0035] 10. The present invention adds minerals, which are one or more of organic zinc, organic selenium, zinc, selenium, and manganese. Zinc is widely present in the testicles and epididymis and is involved in regulating gonadal hormones. Appropriate zinc supplementation can significantly improve sperm motility, increase sperm plasma membrane integrity, increase semen density, and reduce the rate of deformities. Organic zinc has higher bioavailability and can more effectively improve sperm concentration and motility. Selenium protects the cell membrane and mitochondrial structure of ram sperm by preventing lipid oxidation, maintaining sperm stability. Selenium supplementation significantly improves sperm motility and survival rate and reduces the rate of deformities. Combined supplementation of selenium and zinc can significantly improve sperm motility, survival rate, and hypotonic swelling response, with better results than either supplementation alone. The combination of organic zinc and organic selenium can enhance the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduce oxidative damage, and maintain sperm function. Adding organic zinc, organic selenium, and their combination is a core strategy for improving semen quality, mainly by enhancing antioxidant capacity, protecting sperm structure, and promoting hormone secretion and spermatogenesis. Zinc focuses on improving sperm density and motility, while selenium focuses on antioxidant properties and sperm survival. The two work together for optimal results. Manganese acts as a supporting element to maintain fertility.

[0036] 11. The present invention incorporates natural plant extracts, including astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract, and Codonopsis pilosula extract. Astragalus extract primarily contains astragaloside IV and polysaccharides, which can significantly increase semen volume, sperm density, and motility in rams. Its active ingredients synergize with other Chinese herbal medicines to stimulate reproductive function and improve the sperm production environment. Astragalus polysaccharides can improve sperm motility and acrosome integrity after cryopreservation, facilitating long-term storage. Astragalus extract has antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative damage to sperm during storage and maintaining sperm motility. Acerola cherry extract, rich in vitamin C, acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and protecting sperm cell membranes and DNA from oxidative stress, thereby improving sperm motility and survival. Bamboo leaf extract, containing bamboo leaf flavonoids, can significantly reduce lipid peroxidation products, increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and enhance sperm antioxidant capacity. When combined with Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula significantly shortens the sexual response time of rams, increases ejaculation volume, sperm density, and effective sperm count, and reduces sperm deformity rates. Codonopsis pilosula may promote spermatogenesis and libido by increasing blood testosterone levels. Natural plant extracts enhance semen quality, libido, and reproductive efficiency in rams through multiple pathways, including antioxidant activity, endocrine regulation, protection of sperm cell structure, and improved freezing tolerance.

[0037] 12. The present invention incorporates a bacterial enzyme complex, which is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation can significantly reduce the proportion of dead and abnormal sperm in ram semen, improving overall sperm quality. The bacterial enzyme complex can enhance the antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, reduce oxidative stress damage to sperm, and thus protect sperm function. It decomposes cellulose and hemicellulose in feed to produce monosaccharides (such as glucose), which provide energy for yeast fermentation. Monosaccharides are used to synthesize bacterial proteins, while promoting the proliferation of rumen microorganisms and improving protein synthesis efficiency. The two enzymes work synergistically to significantly increase nitrogen deposition rate and the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, providing a more adequate nutritional foundation for sperm production. The bacterial enzyme complex directly improves sperm motility and antioxidant capacity, and indirectly improves feed nutrient utilization.

[0038] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the examples. It is particularly noted that if no specific conditions are specified in the following examples, the reactions were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following examples can be obtained from common commercial sources.

[0040] The functions of the various components in a concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams include: The addition of corn straw improves the nutritional value and palatability of feed, significantly increasing crude protein content, meeting the protein needs of breeding rams and promoting testicular development and spermatogenesis. Corn straw provides effective fiber, promoting rumination and salivation, and maintaining a stable rumen pH. While a high concentrate ratio can lower rumen pH, an appropriate amount of corn straw can optimize the concentrate-to-roughage ratio and increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and fiber.

[0041] The present invention incorporates vitamin additives, including vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. Vitamin E can significantly increase ejaculate volume, semen concentration, sperm motility, and the proportion of normal sperm in rams, while also reducing sperm deformity rates. Its mechanism is to inhibit free radical lipid peroxidation damage to sperm cell membranes through its antioxidant effect, thereby maintaining the integrity of the sperm acrosomal membrane. Vitamin E can reduce damage to the seminiferous epithelium, prevent spermatogenesis disorders, and protect the testes from oxidative stress. Deficiency can lead to testicular atrophy and sperm abnormalities. Vitamin C, a potent antioxidant, neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces oxidative damage to sperm DNA and phospholipid peroxidation, thereby improving sperm motility, motility, and survival rate. Vitamin C improves the antioxidant status of rams and maintains sperm concentration and motility. Its combined use with vitamin E offers even greater efficacy, is cost-effective, and is easy to administer. Vitamin B12 can significantly improve sperm motility, progressive motility, survival rate, and the proportion of normal sperm, making it particularly suitable for long-term semen storage. As a B vitamin, vitamin B12 promotes growth and reproductive performance in rams, and synergistically with other nutrients (such as niacin and beta-carotene) improves estrus and ovulation quality. Vitamins E and C work together to combat oxidative stress and protect sperm structure and function. Vitamin B12 optimizes sperm development by supporting cellular metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis. The combined use of these three can comprehensively enhance semen quality.

[0042] The present invention incorporates tris(hydroxymethylaminomethane) to maintain semen pH stability through its buffering capacity, reducing osmotic stress and acidosis during freezing, thereby protecting the structural and functional integrity of sperm membranes. When used in conjunction with antioxidants, it can significantly improve sperm freeze tolerance and fertilization potential.

[0043] The present invention adds glucose, which can increase the body's energy level and indirectly support testicular function. It is pointed out that high-concentrate diets (containing glucose precursors) can increase plasma glucose levels, which may optimize the energy supply of the sperm production environment.

[0044] The present invention incorporates citric acid, a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Citric acid participates in the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, providing energy for sperm motility. Citric acid in seminal plasma primarily originates from the prostate, and its content is positively correlated with sperm motility. Citric acid, in particular, directly contributes to energy supply during sperm maturation and motility. Citric acid in feed can lower gastrointestinal pH, inhibit the growth of pathogens such as Escherichia coli, promote the growth of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, and maintain a balanced intestinal flora. A healthy intestinal environment facilitates nutrient absorption, indirectly supporting the nutrient supply required for sperm development.

[0045] The present invention adds sodium citrate, which can be used as a feed acidifier to improve the intestinal flora and physiological state of livestock animals. Good overall health may indirectly support reproductive function.

[0046] This invention incorporates antioxidants, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, to significantly improve semen quality by synergistically scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining redox balance, and protecting sperm structure and function. Combined with selenium and vitamin E supplementation, it maximizes sperm motility, survival, and fertilization potential.

[0047] The present invention incorporates pine pollen, which has the effects of enhancing immunity, fighting tumors, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, resisting oxidation, regulating hormone levels, and inhibiting prostate hyperplasia. As a feed resource, pine pollen is derived from plants and is pure, natural, pollution-free, and non-toxic. It not only has a good effect on the body, but also can improve ram semen quality, serum reproductive hormone levels, serum antioxidant levels, and reproductive performance.

[0048] The present invention incorporates feed additives consisting of N-carbamylglutamate and guanidinoacetic acid. N-carbamylglutamate is a key activator of endogenous arginine synthesis, promoting arginine synthesis by activating carbamyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). Arginine, a precursor of polyamines (such as spermine and spermidine) and nitric oxide (NO), is crucial for sperm development. Ornithine, produced by arginine metabolism, can be converted into polyamines, promoting sperm differentiation and growth, and increasing sperm concentration and motility. Arginine synthesizes NO through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), enhancing sperm motility and fertilizing capacity. This can significantly increase NO and arginine concentrations in ram seminal plasma, reduce urea concentration, and thus improve semen quality. Guanidinoacetic acid is converted into creatine in the body, providing energy (ATP) for sperm, directly enhancing sperm motility. N-carbamylglutamate improves sperm quality and the hormonal environment through the arginine pathway, while guanidinoacetic acid enhances sperm motility through energy supply.

[0049] The present invention adds minerals, which are one or more of organic zinc, organic selenium, zinc, selenium, and manganese. Zinc is widely present in the testicles and epididymis and is involved in regulating gonadal hormones. Appropriate zinc supplementation can significantly improve sperm motility, increase sperm plasma membrane integrity, increase semen density, and reduce the rate of deformities. Organic zinc has higher bioavailability and can more effectively improve sperm concentration and motility. Selenium protects the cell membrane and mitochondrial structure of ram sperm by preventing lipid oxidation, maintaining sperm stability. Selenium supplementation significantly improves sperm motility and survival rate, and reduces the rate of deformities. Combined supplementation of selenium and zinc can significantly improve sperm motility, survival rate, and hypotonic swelling response, with better results than supplementation alone. The combination of organic zinc and organic selenium can enhance the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduce oxidative damage, and maintain sperm function. Adding organic zinc, organic selenium, and their combination is a core strategy for improving semen quality, mainly by enhancing antioxidant capacity, protecting sperm structure, and promoting hormone secretion and sperm production. Zinc focuses on improving sperm density and motility, while selenium focuses on antioxidant properties and sperm survival. The two work together for optimal results. Manganese acts as a supporting element to maintain fertility.

[0050] The present invention incorporates natural plant extracts, including astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract, and Codonopsis pilosula extract. Astragalus extract primarily contains astragaloside IV and polysaccharides, which can significantly increase semen volume, sperm density, and motility in rams. Its active ingredients synergize with other Chinese herbal medicines to stimulate reproductive function and improve the sperm production environment. Astragalus polysaccharides can improve sperm motility and acrosome integrity after cryopreservation, facilitating long-term storage. Astragalus extract has antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative damage to sperm during storage and maintaining sperm motility. Acerola cherry extract, rich in vitamin C, acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and protecting sperm cell membranes and DNA from oxidative stress, thereby improving sperm motility and survival. Bamboo leaf extract, containing bamboo leaf flavonoids, can significantly reduce lipid peroxidation products, increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and enhance sperm antioxidant capacity. When combined with Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula significantly shortens the sexual response time of rams, increases ejaculation volume, sperm density, and effective sperm count, and reduces sperm deformity rates. Codonopsis pilosula may promote spermatogenesis and libido by increasing blood testosterone levels. Natural plant extracts enhance semen quality, libido, and reproductive efficiency in rams through multiple pathways, including antioxidant activity, endocrine regulation, protection of sperm cell structure, and improved freezing tolerance.

[0051] The present invention incorporates a bacterial enzyme complex, which is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplements can significantly reduce the proportion of dead and abnormal sperm in ram semen, improving overall sperm quality. The bacterial enzyme complex can enhance the antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, reduce damage to sperm caused by oxidative stress, and thus protect sperm function. It decomposes cellulose and hemicellulose in feed to produce monosaccharides (such as glucose), which provide energy for yeast fermentation. Monosaccharides are used to synthesize bacterial proteins, while promoting the proliferation of rumen microorganisms and improving protein synthesis efficiency. The two enzymes synergistically significantly increase nitrogen deposition rate and the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, providing a more adequate nutritional foundation for sperm production. The bacterial enzyme complex directly improves sperm motility, enhances antioxidant capacity, and indirectly improves feed nutrient utilization. Example Example

[0052] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 35 parts of corn straw, 7 parts of vitamin additives, 15 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 18 parts of glucose, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of sodium citrate, 2 parts of antioxidant, 2 parts of pine spike powder, 5 parts of feed additives, 3 parts of minerals, 2 parts of natural plant extracts, and 3 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0053] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 2:1:1.

[0054] The bacterial enzyme complex was prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions. The viable cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 5.2×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of cellulase was 2.5×10 5 IU / g.

[0055] The natural plant extracts are astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2:1:1:1.

[0056] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 3:2.

[0057] The mineral is organic zinc. Example

[0058] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 38 parts of corn straw, 9 parts of vitamin additives, 16 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 19 parts of glucose, 6 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of sodium citrate, 3 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of pine spike powder, 6 parts of feed additives, 4 parts of minerals, 3 parts of natural plant extracts, and 4 parts of bacterial enzyme complexes.

[0059] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 3:1:1.

[0060] The bacterial enzyme complex was prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions. The viable cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 5.2×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of cellulase was 2.5×10 5 IU / g.

[0061] The natural plant extracts include astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2:1:1:2.

[0062] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 3:2.

[0063] The minerals are organic zinc and organic selenium. Example

[0064] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 40 parts of corn straw, 9 parts of vitamin additives, 17 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 20 parts of glucose, 7 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of sodium citrate, 4 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of pine spike powder, 7 parts of feed additives, 5 parts of minerals, 5 parts of natural plant extracts, and 6 parts of bacterial enzyme complexes.

[0065] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 5:2:1.

[0066] The bacterial enzyme complex was prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions. The viable cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 3.8×10 10 CFU / g, and the cellulase activity was 2.6×10 5 IU / g.

[0067] The natural plant extracts include astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2:1:1:1.

[0068] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 3:2.

[0069] The minerals are organic zinc and organic selenium. Example

[0070] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 42 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of vitamin additives, 16 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 19 parts of glucose, 8 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of sodium citrate, 4 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of pine spike powder, 6 parts of feed additives, 4 parts of minerals, 3 parts of natural plant extracts, and 5 parts of bacterial enzyme complexes.

[0071] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 5:2:1.

[0072] The bacterial enzyme complex is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions, wherein the viable cell count of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 4.5×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase was 3.2×10 5 IU / g.

[0073] The natural plant extracts include astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 3:1:1:1.

[0074] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 4:3.

[0075] The minerals are organic zinc and organic selenium. Example

[0076] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 45 parts of corn straw, 12 parts of vitamin additives, 18 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 20 parts of glucose, 8 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of sodium citrate, 4 parts of antioxidant, 8 parts of pine spike powder, 7 parts of feed additives, 4 parts of minerals, 3 parts of natural plant extracts, and 4 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0077] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 6:1:1.

[0078] The bacterial enzyme complex is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions, wherein the viable cell count of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 4.5×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase was 3.2×10 5 IU / g.

[0079] The natural plant extracts include astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 3:1:2:1.

[0080] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 5:2.

[0081] The mineral is organic zinc. Example

[0082] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 85 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of vitamin additives, 20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 22 parts of glucose, 10 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of sodium citrate, 8 parts of antioxidant, 12 parts of pine spike powder, 14 parts of feed additives, 5 parts of minerals, 6 parts of natural plant extracts, and 8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0083] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 7:3:1.

[0084] The bacterial enzyme complex is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions, wherein the viable cell count of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2.5×10 10 CFU / g, and the enzymatic activity of the cellulase was 1.8×10 5 IU / g.

[0085] The natural plant extracts include astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 3:1:2:3.

[0086] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 5:3.

[0087] The minerals are zinc, selenium and manganese. Example

[0088] A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams is prepared from the following components by mass: 85 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of vitamin additives, 20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 22 parts of glucose, 10 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of sodium citrate, 8 parts of antioxidant, 12 parts of pine spike powder, 14 parts of feed additives, 5 parts of minerals, 6 parts of natural plant extracts, and 8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

[0089] The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 2:1:1.

[0090] The bacterial enzyme complex was prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions. The viable cell count of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 5.2×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of cellulase was 2.5×10 5 IU / g.

[0091] The natural plant extracts are astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2:1:1:1.

[0092] The feed additives include N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 3:2.

[0093] The mineral is organic zinc.

[0094] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a concentrate supplement for improving the quality of ram semen, which differs from Example 1 in that: No vitamin additives added.

[0095] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 provides a concentrate supplement for improving the quality of ram semen, which differs from Example 1 in that: No antioxidants added.

[0096] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 provides a concentrate supplement for improving the quality of ram semen, which differs from Example 1 in that: No pine flower spike powder is added.

[0097] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 provides a concentrate supplement for improving the quality of ram semen, which differs from Example 1 in that: No feed additives were added.

[0098] Based on the technical solutions provided in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 above, 32 healthy, one-year-old rams were selected for semen collection, with an average weight of (62.65±5.79) kg. A control group and a test group were set up. Except for being fed different feeds, the test and control groups were kept under identical feeding and management conditions. During the feeding process, blood and semen samples were collected from the rams at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days, and semen quality was measured. As shown in Table 1, the feed supplement prepared in Example 1 for improving ram semen quality exhibits a significant fortifying effect, demonstrating that precise nutritional fortification with protein, vitamins, and minerals, coupled with the regulation of bioactive ingredients from natural plant extracts and antioxidants, and optimized feeding and management practices, comprehensively improves ram semen quality and reproductive efficiency. The feed supplements, N-carbamylglutamate and guanidinoacetic acid, were added. N-carbamylglutamate is a key activator of endogenous arginine synthesis, promoting arginine synthesis by activating carbamyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). Arginine, a precursor of polyamines (such as spermine and spermidine) and nitric oxide (NO), is crucial for sperm development. Ornithine, produced by arginine metabolism, can be converted into polyamines, promoting sperm differentiation and growth, and increasing sperm concentration and motility. Arginine synthesizes NO through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), enhancing sperm motility and fertilizing ability. This significantly increases NO and arginine concentrations in ram seminal plasma and reduces urea concentration, thereby improving semen quality. Guanidine is converted into creatine in the body, providing energy (ATP) for sperm and directly improving sperm motility. N-Carbamylglutamate improves sperm quality and hormonal environment through the arginine pathway; guanidine enhances sperm motility through energy supply.

[0099] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following components by weight: 35-85 parts of corn straw, 7-20 parts of vitamin additives, 15-20 parts of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 18-22 parts of glucose, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of sodium citrate, 2-8 parts of antioxidant, 2-12 parts of pine spike powder, 5-14 parts of feed additives, 3-5 parts of minerals, 2-6 parts of natural plant extracts and 3-8 parts of bacterial enzyme complex.

2. The concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidants are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the mass ratio of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase is 2-7:1-3:

1.

3. The concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin additives include vitamin E, vitamin C and vitamin B12, and the mass ratio of the vitamin E, vitamin C and vitamin B12 is 3-5:2-3:

1.

4. The concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial enzyme complex is prepared by mixing saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase in equal proportions, and the number of viable cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae is ≥2×10 10 CFU / g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is ≥1.5×10 5 IU / g.

5. The concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural plant extracts are astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract, and the mass ratio of the astragalus extract, acerola cherry extract, bamboo leaf extract and codonopsis pilosula extract is 2-3:1:1-2:1-3.

6. The concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed additives are N-carbamylglutamic acid and guanidinoacetic acid, and the mass ratio of the N-carbamylglutamic acid to the guanidinoacetic acid is 3-5:2-3.

7. The concentrate supplement for improving the semen quality of rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minerals are one or more of organic zinc, organic selenium, zinc, selenium and manganese.

8. Use of the concentrate supplement for improving ram semen quality according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preparing feed for improving ram semen quality.