Construction method of watershed water environment ecological buffer zone

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone, and particularly relates to the technical field of water environment governance, which comprises the following steps: S1, performing standardized construction of a water source; s2, implementing rural domestic sewage treatment; s3, carrying out non-point source pollution treatment; s4, carrying out an ecological restoration project; and S5, implementing a tail water upgrading artificial wetland project. According to the construction method of the drainage basin water environment ecological buffer zone, through multi-aspect engineering measures, effective treatment of rural domestic sewage and non-point source pollution is achieved, meanwhile, the ecological buffer zone is restored, the overall drainage basin water environment quality is improved, pollutants entering a water source are effectively reduced through standardized construction and ecological restoration measures, and the drainage basin ecological buffer zone is protected. The water quality of the drinking water source is ensured to stably reach the standard, the self-purification capacity, the biological diversity and the water and soil conservation capacity of the water body are enhanced through the construction of the ecological buffer zone, the virtuous circle of an ecological system is promoted, the water quality is purified through the constructed wetland and ecological restoration engineering, and a good ecological landscape is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water environment management, and in particular to a method for constructing an ecological buffer zone of a watershed water environment. Background Art

[0002] This patent belongs to the field of water environment governance technology, which occupies a key position in the construction of ecological civilization. Water is the source of life and the foundation of ecology, and its ecological civilization is an important component and basic guarantee of the overall ecological civilization. At present, my country is facing problems such as water shortage, serious water pollution, and water ecological degradation. In terms of river basin water environment, there are problems such as scattered discharge of rural domestic sewage, non-point source pollution, and ecosystem degradation, which threaten the safety of drinking water sources and the quality of the ecological environment. Traditional single governance methods are difficult to effectively solve these problems, and a systematic and comprehensive technical solution is needed. The present invention provides a method for constructing an ecological buffer zone for river basin water environment, aiming to solve the complex and difficult problems of current river basin water environment governance. In view of the limitations of existing single governance methods, this method is committed to providing a systematic and comprehensive solution, and through the scientific construction of ecological buffer zones, it can achieve effective protection and restoration of the river basin water environment. Its core goals include consolidating the environmental improvement results of surface water-type centralized drinking water sources at the county level and above, accelerating the standardized construction of urban water sources, and promoting the demarcation, marking and problem rectification of centralized drinking water source protection areas at the township level, thereby comprehensively improving the water environment quality of the river basin. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing an ecological buffer zone for a watershed water environment, which can effectively solve the problems of rural domestic sewage pollution, non-point source pollution, weak ecological buffer function, etc. in the existing watershed water environment management.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A method for constructing an ecological buffer zone for a watershed water environment comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Standardize the construction of water sources: set up boundary stakes, boundary markers, traffic warning signs, publicity boards, isolation nets, movable gates, video surveillance, early warning monitoring, diversion channels and emergency pools within the protected area;

[0007] S2. Implement rural domestic sewage treatment: Build new three-chamber septic tanks, equipped with PVC-U pipes, HDPE pipes, and inspection wells to collect and treat domestic sewage for reuse;

[0008] S3. Conduct non-point source pollution control: construct dry grass ditches on roads to intercept and purify road runoff pollution;

[0009] S4. Carry out ecological restoration projects: construct ecological buffer zones, hedge isolation zones and terrestrial ecological restoration zones in water level fluctuation areas;

[0010] S5. Implement artificial wetland projects to improve the tailwater quality: Construct artificial wetlands to carry out deep treatment of tailwater from sewage treatment plants.

[0011] Preferably, in the standardized construction of the water source, boundary posts are set at turning points of the land boundary of the protected area and areas with frequent human activities, boundary markers are set at the end points, tops of the land boundary arcs and places easily visible to the crowd, isolation nets are set at the first-level protected land boundary, and video surveillance is set at water intakes, first-level protected areas and traffic crossing areas.

[0012] Preferably, in the rural domestic sewage treatment, the three-chamber septic tank adopts an integrated fiberglass equipment, the matching PVC-U pipe diameter is DN100, the HDPE pipe diameter is DN300, and the inspection well is a φ700 steel-concrete structure.

[0013] Preferably, the width of the dry grass ditch on the road in the non-point source pollution control is 0.5 to 2 m, the depth is 0.6 m, and the length is not less than 30 m, and the plant selected is Bermuda grass in the form of turf.

[0014] Preferably, the ecological buffer zone of the water level fluctuation area in the ecological restoration project includes an emergent plant planting area and a submerged plant planting area, and the planting density of the emergent plants is 25 to 49 plants / m according to different plant species. 2 The submerged plant planting density is 216 plants / m 2 The hedge isolation belt is densely planted with boxwood, privet and yellow bamboo grass, with a planting density of 1 / 4 plant / m 2 , 64 plants / m 2 and fully paved; the terrestrial ecological restoration area adopts a combination of planting of poplar, pittosporum, loropetalum, coral tree and bermudagrass-wolfstooth grass.

[0015] Preferably, in the tailwater improvement artificial wetland project, the artificial wetland bed is composed of a geotextile anti-seepage layer, a planting layer and a pebble layer, and the plants are arranged in an area ratio of 1:1:1:1 according to windmill grass, iris, lily of the valley and reed, and the planting density is 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 49 plants / m 2 .

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention achieves effective control of rural domestic sewage and non-point source pollution through various engineering measures, while repairing the ecological buffer zone and improving the overall water environment quality of the basin. Through standardized construction and ecological restoration measures, it effectively reduces the entry of pollutants into water sources and ensures that the water quality of drinking water sources is stable and meets the standards.

[0018] 2. The construction of ecological buffer zones enhances the self-purification capacity of water bodies, biodiversity and soil and water conservation capacity, and promotes the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem.

[0019] 3. Through artificial wetlands and ecological restoration projects, while purifying water quality, a good ecological landscape is formed, achieving the unity of ecological and landscape benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for constructing an ecological buffer zone of a watershed water environment comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. Standardized construction of water sources: 100 new boundary stakes, 13 boundary markers, 6 traffic warning signs, 4 propaganda signs, 5,000 meters of isolation nets, 6 movable doors, 10 video surveillance systems, 1 early warning surveillance system, 4,000 meters of diversion channels, and 1 set of emergency pools were added in the protected area. Boundary stakes were set at turning points on the land boundaries of the protected area and in areas with frequent human activities. Boundary markers were set at the end points and tops of the land boundary arcs and in places easily visible to the public. Isolation nets were set at the first-level protected land boundaries. Video surveillance systems were set at water intakes, first-level protected areas, and traffic crossing areas to achieve effective identification, monitoring, and protection of water sources.

[0024] S2. Rural domestic sewage treatment: New 3m 3 There are 192 three-chamber septic tanks, equipped with approximately 6,260 meters of DN100 PVC-U pipes, approximately 2,000 meters of DN300 HDPE pipes, and 80 φ700 steel-concrete inspection wells. The three-chamber septic tanks use integrated fiberglass equipment, and the supporting pipes are used to collect domestic sewage, which is reused as agricultural fertilizer after treatment, solving the problem of scattered discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas.

[0025] S3. Non-point source pollution control: Build a 3,600m "road dry grass ditch" with a width of 0.5m and a depth of 0.6m. The plant selected is Bermuda grass in the form of turf. The dry grass ditch intercepts and purifies road runoff pollution, reducing the pollution load entering the water source.

[0026] S4. Ecological restoration project: Construction of a 17,500m “ecological buffer zone in the water level fluctuation area” 2 It includes the emergent plant planting area and the submerged plant planting area. The emergent plant planting area is planted with yellow iris, iris, lily of the valley, and Cyperus rotundus. The planting density varies from 25 to 49 plants / m2 depending on the plant species. 2 The submerged plant planting area is planted with Vallisneria, Hydrilla, and Potamogeton spp., with a planting density of 216 plants / m 2 , in order to purify water bodies and improve water ecology.

[0027] A 3350m2 “green hedge isolation belt” was constructed, with dense planting of boxwood, privet and yellow bamboo grass, with a planting density of 1 / 4 plant / m2 respectively. 2 , 64 plants / m 2 and fully paved to reduce the interference of human activities on water sources.

[0028] A 231,300-square-meter terrestrial ecological restoration area was constructed, using a combination of poplar, pittosporum, loropetalum, coral tree, and Bermuda grass to restore terrestrial ecological functions and enhance soil and water conservation capabilities.

[0029] S5. Tailwater Improvement and Constructed Wetland Project: 12,000 m2 of "constructed wetland" was constructed. The artificial wetland bed consisted of a 0.3m thick geotextile anti-seepage layer, a 0.4m thick planting layer, and a 0.3cm thick pebble layer. The plants were planted in a ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, with a planting density of 36 plants / m2. 2 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 49 plants / m 2 , carry out deep treatment of the tail water of sewage treatment plants to improve water quality.

[0030] Through various engineering measures, we can achieve effective control of rural domestic sewage and non-point source pollution, repair the ecological buffer zone, improve the overall water environment quality of the basin, solve the water environment problems in the basin, and standardize construction and ecological restoration measures to effectively reduce the entry of pollutants into water sources, ensuring that the water quality of drinking water sources is stable and meets the standards.

[0031] The construction of ecological buffer zones has enhanced the water's self-purification capacity, biodiversity and soil and water conservation capacity, promoted the benign circulation of the ecosystem, and through artificial wetlands and ecological restoration projects, while purifying the water quality, formed a good ecological landscape, and achieved the unity of ecological and landscape benefits.

[0032] In the embodiment, the method for constructing a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone provided by the present invention is applied to the water ecological protection and restoration project of Jinshan Lake Reservoir, a centralized drinking water source in Nanchuan District, Chongqing. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0033] S1. Standardized construction of water sources: 100 boundary stakes will be installed at the land boundary turning points and areas with frequent human activity within the first-level and second-level protection zones of the Jinshan Lake Reservoir water source area in accordance with design requirements. The boundary stakes will be cast with C20 concrete, with specifications of 150mm×150mm×700mm, buried 200mm deep, and marked with red paint.

[0034] 13 boundary markers will be set up at the endpoints and tops of the land boundary arc and in places easily visible to the public. The boundary markers are supported by double columns, with a base plate of 3mm thick aluminum alloy plate and a surface covered with 5mm thick organic glass plate. The columns are DN80 stainless steel pipes and are 2.8m high, including a 0.5m underground foundation. The boundary markers contain the name of the water source protection area and management requirements.

[0035] Six traffic warning signs are set up at the entrance and exit points of the roads in the protected area. The signs are 1.5m×0.6m in size, made of 3mm thick aluminum alloy, and covered with organic glass plates. Warning messages such as "You have entered the drinking water source protection area" are marked. Four propaganda signs are set up in areas with dense human activities. The signs are 2.5m×1.0m in size and made of the same material as the boundary markers. The content includes water source protection knowledge, ecological protection concepts, etc. A 5,000-meter isolation net is set up at the boundary of the first-level protected land area. The isolation net is φ6.0m m plastic-impregnated steel wire, mesh size 50mm×50mm, columns are 60mm×4.5mm steel pipes, 3.0m high, including 0.5m underground foundation, a knife-barbed roller cage is installed on the top, 10 video surveillance and 1 early warning surveillance are installed at the water intake, first-level protection area and traffic crossing area, the monitoring system is transmitted to the monitoring center via optical fiber to realize real-time monitoring of the water source, 4000 meters of diversion troughs and 1 set of emergency pools are set up on bridges across water bodies and roads along the river, the diversion troughs are cast with concrete, and the emergency pools are used to collect accident wastewater.

[0036] S2. Rural domestic sewage treatment: 192 new 3m3 sewage treatment plants will be built in settlements A, B, C, D, and E. 3 The integrated fiberglass reinforced plastic septic tank is HFRP-3, with a size of φ1.2m×2.4m or φ1.1m×3.15m, a 100mm thick concrete cushion at the bottom and a 100mm thick concrete hardened layer on the top;

[0037] 6,260 meters of DN100 PVC-U pipes are installed to connect residents with septic tanks, 2,000 meters of DN300 HDPE pipes are installed to connect septic tanks with sewage treatment plants, and 80 φ700 steel-concrete inspection wells are installed. The inspection wells are cast with C30 concrete and equipped with ductile iron manhole covers and anti-fall nets. Domestic sewage is treated in septic tanks and used for farmland irrigation, realizing sewage resource utilization.

[0038] S3. Non-point source pollution control: 3,600m long dry grass ditches are constructed on both sides of the roads in the protected area. The ditch is 0.5m wide and 0.6m deep. The bottom is paved with planting soil and planted with Bermuda grass turf to fully cover the area to intercept and purify pollutants in road runoff.

[0039] S4, Ecological Restoration Project: Construction of 17,500m 2 The ecological buffer zone of the water level fluctuation area is built, and the emergent plant planting area is planted with yellow iris, iris, lily of the valley, and Cyperus rotundus, among which the planting density of yellow iris is 49 plants / m 2 , iris 36 plants / m 2 25 plants / m 2 , Cyperus rotundus 25 plants / m 2 , arranged according to the area ratio of 2:4:2:2;

[0040] The submerged plant planting area is planted with Vallisneria, Hydrilla, Potamogeton microdentata, etc., with a planting density of 216 plants / m 2 In the area with a water depth of less than 1m, Vallisneria spinulosa is planted as a single species; in the area with a water depth of 1-2m, Vallisneria serrata and Hydrilla verticillata are the dominant species, with Potamogeton microdentata as the accompanying species; in the area with a water depth of 2-3m, Vallisneria serrata and Hydrilla verticillata are the dominant species, with Potamogeton bambosa as the accompanying species;

[0041] Construct a 3350m long hedge isolation belt, densely planted with boxwood, Ligustrum lucidum and yellow bamboo grass, with a boxwood planting density of 1 / 4 plant / m 2 Ligustrum lucidum height 0.5m planting density 64 plants / m 2 , yellow bamboo grass is planted in full, with an average width of 16m;

[0042] A 231,300 m2 terrestrial ecological restoration area was constructed. Poplars were planted in buffer zone 1, with a total of 3,760 trees at 5m intervals. Shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinensis, and Coral Tree were planted at a density of 9 trees / m2. 2 , Bermuda grass - wolf tooth grass as a herb, grass seed dosage 20g / m 2 Poplars are planted in buffer zone 2 with a spacing of 5m, totaling 5,492 trees. The planting method of shrubs and herbaceous plants is the same as that of buffer zone 1.

[0043] S5: Tailwater Improvement Project: A 12,000 m2 artificial wetland will be constructed. The wetland bed will consist of a 0.3 m thick geotextile anti-seepage layer, a 0.4 m thick planting layer, and a 0.3 cm thick pebble layer, with a pebble coverage of 60%.

[0044] Plant configuration: Windmill grass, iris, lily of the valley, and reed are planted in an area ratio of 1:1:1:1, with a planting density of 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 49 plants / m 2Through plant absorption, matrix filtration and microbial decomposition, the tail water of the sewage treatment plant is deeply treated to improve the water quality to Class IV standard of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002).

[0045] Through the construction method of the above embodiment, comprehensive management of the water environment in the Jinshan Lake Reservoir basin has been achieved. According to monitoring, the sewage collection coverage rate in the water source protection area has reached 100%, the pollutant reduction load is COD5.6t / a, ammonia nitrogen 0.21t / a, TN0.35t / a, TP0.03t / a, and the vegetation coverage is ≥85%, which effectively ensures the safety of drinking water and improves the ecological environment quality of the basin.

[0046] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an ecological buffer zone for a watershed water environment, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Standardize the construction of water sources: set up boundary stakes, boundary markers, traffic warning signs, publicity boards, isolation nets, movable gates, video surveillance, early warning monitoring, diversion channels and emergency pools within the protected area; S2. Implement rural domestic sewage treatment: Build new three-chamber septic tanks, equipped with PVC-U pipes, HDPE pipes and inspection wells, to collect and treat domestic sewage for reuse; S3. Conduct non-point source pollution control: construct dry grass ditches on roads to intercept and purify road runoff pollution; S4. Carry out ecological restoration projects: construct ecological buffer zones, hedge isolation zones and terrestrial ecological restoration zones in water level fluctuation areas; S5. Implement artificial wetland projects to improve the tailwater quality: construct artificial wetlands to carry out deep treatment of tailwater from sewage treatment plants.

2. The method for constructing a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the standardized construction of the water source, boundary stakes are set at the turning points of the land boundary of the protected area and in areas with frequent human activities, boundary markers are set at the end points, tops of the land boundary arcs and places easily visible to the crowd, isolation nets are set at the first-level protected land boundary, and video surveillance is set at the water intake, first-level protected area and traffic crossing area.

3. The method for constructing a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the rural domestic sewage treatment, the three-chamber septic tank adopts integrated fiberglass equipment, the matching PVC-U pipe diameter is DN100, the HDPE pipe diameter is DN300, and the inspection well is a φ700 steel-concrete structure.

4. The method for constructing a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the non-point source pollution control, the width of the dry grass ditch on the road is 0.5 to 2 meters, the depth is 0.6 meters, and the length is not less than 30 meters. The plant selected is Bermuda grass in the form of turf.

5. The method for constructing a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level fluctuation zone ecological buffer zone in the ecological restoration project includes an emergent plant planting area and a submerged plant planting area. The planting density of the emergent plants is 25 to 49 plants / m2 depending on the plant species. 2 The submerged plant planting density is 216 plants / m 2 The hedge isolation belt is densely planted with boxwood, privet and yellow bamboo grass, with a planting density of 1 / 4 plant / m 2 , 64 plants / m 2 and fully paved; the terrestrial ecological restoration area adopts a combination of planting of poplar, pittosporum, loropetalum, coral tree and bermudagrass-wolfstooth grass.

6. The method for constructing a watershed water environment ecological buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the tailwater improvement artificial wetland project, the artificial wetland bed consists of a geotextile anti-seepage layer, a planting layer and a pebble layer. The plants are arranged in an area ratio of 1:1:1:1 with windmill grass, iris, lily of the valley and reed, and the planting density is 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 36 plants / m 2 49 plants / m 2 .

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