Method for heating, heating control device and heating system with priority to medium-depth geothermal

Abstract

The application provides a heating method, a heating control device and a heating system which are preferential for middle-deep geothermal energy, and the heating method comprises the following steps: determining real-time heating load demand of a heat user; triggering a middle-deep downhole heat exchange system to provide heating for the heat user; triggering a PVT and the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system to provide heating for the heat user when the PVT meets a heating condition; starting a rock-soil energy storage and recycling system to cooperate with the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system and the PVT to provide heating for the heat user when the heating load demand of the heat user cannot be met by the heat energy provided by the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system and the PVT; and starting an air source heat pump system to cooperate with other heating heat source devices to realize matching between the heating heat energy and the heating load demand of the heat user when the heating load demand of the heat user cannot be met by the cooperation of the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system, the PVT and the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system. The energy utilization efficiency is improved by the scheme provided by the application, and efficient, stable and economic operation of the heating system is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heating, in particular to a method for heating with priority to middle-deep geothermal energy, a heating control device and a heating system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional heating relies on fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas. These energy sources are non-renewable and their reserves are gradually decreasing, making it difficult to meet the growing demand in the future. Moreover, traditional heating methods emit a large amount of pollutants, which is the main cause of global climate warming, acid rain, smog and other environmental problems, and seriously threatens the ecology and human health.

[0003] In contrast, clean energy such as geothermal, solar and air energy has a broad prospect in the field of heating. Middle-deep geothermal energy is efficient and stable and renewable, and solar energy is pollution-free and widely distributed. However, clean energy heating faces technical bottlenecks. The high initial investment cost of middle-deep geothermal energy limits its large-scale promotion. Solar energy is greatly affected by weather, and the heating is unstable on rainy days or in winter when the sunlight is insufficient. The energy efficiency of air energy decreases significantly at extremely low temperatures, increasing the operating cost. At present, there are ways to use multiple energy coupling for heating, but the heating configuration scheme is rough, the energy distribution is unreasonable, and the energy is wasted seriously, and the advantages of clean energy are not fully utilized.

[0004] Therefore, how to optimize the heating method of clean energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, and realize efficient, stable and economic operation of the heating system has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for heating with priority to middle-deep geothermal energy, a heating control device and a heating system, which can improve energy utilization efficiency and realize efficient, stable and economic operation of the heating system.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a middle-deep geothermal priority heating method for providing heating services to a heat user, pre-planning and investing in a heating heat source device based on the heating load demand of the heat user, and integrating the heating heat source device into a heating system; the heating heat source device comprises a middle-deep downhole heat exchange system, a rock-soil energy storage and recycling system, a solar photovoltaic-thermal system (PVT), and an air source heat pump system; the heating method comprises: determining the real-time heating load demand of the heat user; starting the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system, triggering the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system to use the geothermal energy obtained thereby to heat the heat user; when the PVT meets the preset heating condition, triggering the PVT to operate, so that the PVT and the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system work together to heat the heat user; when the heat energy provided by the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system and the PVT cannot meet the heating load demand of the heat user, starting the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system, so that the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system works together with the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system and the PVT to heat the heat user; when the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system, the PVT, and the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system still cannot meet the heating load demand of the heat user, starting the air source heat pump system, so that the air source heat pump system works together with the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system, the PVT, and the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system to realize matching of the heating heat energy and the heating load demand of the heat user.

[0007] By pre-planning and investing in the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system, the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system, the PVT, and the air source heat pump system, a multi-heat-source collaborative heating system is constructed. During operation, based on the real-time heating load demand of the heat user, the heat sources are started in priority order: first, the stable geothermal energy of the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system is used as a basic heat source, and when the PVT meets the condition, it is put into operation to supplement clean energy; if the demand still cannot be met, the rock-soil energy storage system and the air source heat pump are started in turn. This hierarchical dispatching strategy not only takes full advantage of different heat sources, realizes complementary use of renewable energy, but also reduces energy waste by matching the load changes of the heat user. In addition, through the collaborative cooperation of multiple heat sources, the system can flexibly adjust the operation mode under different working conditions, ensuring the stability of heating. The heating mode based on renewable energy reduces the dependence on traditional high-cost energy and effectively reduces the operating cost. Therefore, by optimizing energy dispatching and accurately matching load demand, the heating method significantly improves energy utilization efficiency and realizes efficient, stable, and economical operation of the heating system.

[0008] In a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining of the real-time heating load demand of the heat user comprises: determining the real-time heating load demand of the heat user based on a heating load prediction model; and the heating load prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning algorithm, and is obtained by deep learning training in combination with historical heating data, building information, environmental data, and user behavior data, and mining a relationship between the historical heating data, the building information, the environmental data, and the user behavior data and the heating load.

[0009] The above scheme determines the real-time heating load demand of the heat user by using the heating load prediction model constructed based on the machine learning algorithm. The model deeply integrates the historical heating data, building information (such as building structure, heat preservation performance, area, etc.), environmental data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.), and user behavior data (work and rest time, heat use habit, etc.), and uses the deep learning technology to mine the potential relationship between each data and the heating load. By virtue of the comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional data, the model can accurately predict the heating load in different time periods and different scenarios, and provide a scientific basis for the scheduling of the heating heat source equipment. Moreover, by predicting the load change, the heat source equipment can be adjusted in advance, so as to avoid energy waste or response delay caused by load fluctuation, effectively improve the intelligent and fine level of the heating system scheduling, and guarantee the efficient operation of the heating service.

[0010] In a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the triggering of the middle-deep underground heat exchange system to use the geothermal energy obtained by the middle-deep underground heat exchange system to heat the heat user comprises: detecting a water temperature at an outlet of the middle-deep underground heat exchange system; when the water temperature is in a first temperature interval, triggering the middle-deep underground heat exchange system to heat the heat user by using a plate heat exchanger unit; and when the water temperature is in a second temperature interval, triggering a heat pump unit to be started, so that the heat pump unit heats liquid flowing therethrough, and uses the heated liquid to heat the heat user; and temperature values in the first temperature interval are all higher than temperature values in the second temperature interval.

[0011] Based on the above scheme, when the downhole heat exchange system of the middle-deep layer is triggered to utilize geothermal energy for heating, different controls are performed by detecting the outlet water temperature. When the water temperature is in a first temperature interval (high temperature interval), the plate heat exchanger set is directly used to supply heat to the heat users, reducing the energy conversion link and energy consumption, and fully utilizing the heat energy of the high-temperature geothermal water. When the water temperature is in a second temperature interval (low temperature interval), the heat pump set is started to heat the liquid flowing through and then supply heat, the energy amplification characteristic of the heat pump is utilized to convert the geothermal energy with lower temperature and limited direct utilization value into heat energy with higher temperature and capable of meeting the heating demand, and the influence of insufficient water temperature on the heating effect is avoided. This heating method according to the water temperature classification realizes the hierarchical and efficient utilization of geothermal energy, enables the system to adapt to the fluctuation of the geothermal water temperature, ensures the stability of the heating effect, maximizes the utilization potential of the geothermal resources, and improves the utilization rate of the geothermal energy.

[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the middle-deep layer geothermal priority heating method further includes, during a non-heating period, triggering the downhole heat exchange system of the middle-deep layer and / or the PVT to store heat in the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system.

[0013] Based on the above scheme, during the non-heating period, the downhole heat exchange system of the middle-deep layer and / or the PVT is triggered to store heat in the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system, which can improve and enhance the system performance in many aspects. First, the middle-deep layer geothermal energy and solar energy are relatively surplus during the non-heating period, and the surplus energy is stored in the rock-soil energy storage system, which can effectively fill the energy gap during the heating period, realize the time-space transfer of energy through "summer storage and winter use", and improve the adaptability of the system to the seasonal energy demand fluctuation. Second, the continuous heat storage process can make the temperature field inside the rock-soil energy storage system more uniform and stable, and prolong the service life of the system. From the perspective of operation efficiency, the pre-heat storage can reduce the dependence on auxiliary heat sources such as air source heat pumps during the heating period, reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs; at the same time, sufficient heat storage can enable the system to quickly respond to load demand during the heating peak period, avoiding the decline of the heating effect due to energy supply lag. In addition, the heat storage process can also enhance the synergy between the rock-soil energy storage system and other heat sources, balance the dispatching of multiple heat sources through heat storage, and improve the comprehensive performance and energy utilization efficiency of the heating system.

[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the middle-deep layer geothermal priority heating method further includes, using the electrical energy stored after the power generation of the PVT to supply power to the electrical equipment in the heating system.

[0015] The PVT has dual functions of power generation and heat supply, and the generated power can be used to drive the heat pump unit, circulating water pump, control device and other electric equipment in the heating system, thereby reducing the dependence on external power grid and reducing the power cost. Meanwhile, the power loss in long-distance transmission is avoided, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. Especially in areas with high power grid price or remote areas, the self-sufficient power supply mode has more obvious advantages, which is beneficial to reduce the initial investment and operation cost and achieve the building zero energy consumption goal.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a heating control device, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program capable of running on the processor, and the processor implements the heating method with priority to medium-deep geothermal energy when executing the computer program.

[0017] By using the scheme, the heating control device controls the multi-heat source system through an automatic program, avoids errors and delays caused by manual intervention, and ensures that each heat source device can be accurately configured and cooperatively work according to the load demand of the heat user. Through energy consumption analysis, the heat source scheduling strategy is optimized, which is beneficial to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. The scheme is also beneficial to improve the reliability and stability of system operation, reduce the work intensity of operation and maintenance personnel, provide basis for system upgrade and optimization through data accumulation and analysis, reduce long-term operation and maintenance cost, and realize intelligent management of the heating system.

[0018] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a heating system for providing heating service for a heat user, comprising: a heating heat source device and a heating control device according to any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the heating heat source device is pre-planned and invested and constructed based on the heating load demand of the heat user, and the heating heat source device comprises a medium-deep downhole heat exchange system, a rock-soil energy storage and recycling system, a solar photovoltaic and photothermal integrated system PVT, and an air source heat pump system; and the heating control device is configured to control the heating heat energy provided by the heating heat source device to match the heating load demand of the heat user.

[0019] By using the scheme, the heating system pre-plans and constructs the heating heat source device based on the heating load demand of the heat user, and configures the heating control device. The heating control device can dynamically regulate and control each heat source based on load prediction and real-time monitoring, so as to ensure that the heating heat energy accurately matches the demand of the heat user, and the high energy efficiency and stability of the heating system are ensured.

[0020] In a first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system comprises a geothermal well, and the geothermal well is provided with a petroleum pipe sleeve, a U-shaped metal pipe heat exchanger, and a phase change material. The U-shaped metal pipe heat exchanger is placed in the petroleum pipe sleeve, the phase change material is filled between the petroleum pipe sleeve and the U-shaped metal pipe heat exchanger, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is between 30 DEG C and 40 DEG C. It should be noted that, according to different geological conditions, the geothermal well of the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system is usually selected to have a depth of 50-600 meters, and the geothermal well of the middle-deep well heat exchange system is usually selected to have a depth of 2500-3000 meters.

[0021] Based on the above scheme, by using the constant-temperature heat storage and release characteristics of the phase change material, heat is absorbed and the temperature is maintained stable during heat storage, so that heat loss caused by excessively high temperature in the heat storage area is avoided; heat is released and the temperature is maintained in an appropriate range during heat release, so that a stable heat source is ensured for the heating system. It can be seen that, by using the phase change material, the heat storage energy density is higher, and the heat storage efficiency is significantly improved. The U-shaped metal pipe heat exchanger has good heat conduction performance, which accelerates heat transfer, and the petroleum pipe sleeve provides mechanical protection to prevent damage to the heat exchanger and leakage of the phase change material, which is beneficial to long-term stable operation of the heat storage system and realization of stable and efficient heat storage.

[0022] In a second possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the phase change material comprises paraffin and at least one of expanded graphite and graphene.

[0023] Based on the above scheme, the phase change material of the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system is a combination of paraffin and at least one of expanded graphite and graphene. Paraffin has low cost and appropriate phase change temperature, and is an ideal heat storage matrix, but has the defect of poor heat conductivity. The combination of expanded graphite and graphene with paraffin can significantly improve the heat conductivity coefficient of paraffin, solve the problem of slow heat conduction of paraffin, and accelerate the conduction speed of heat in the phase change material. During heat storage, the composite phase change material can absorb heat faster and distribute heat more evenly, thereby shortening the heat storage time; during heat release, the composite phase change material can also transfer heat to the heat exchange medium more efficiently, thereby improving the heat release efficiency. It can be seen that, by using the composite design, the heat storage amount and the heat release amount of the geothermal well in the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system are greatly improved compared with the case where no phase change material is filled, and the operation efficiency of the rock-soil energy storage system is optimized while the cost is kept low.

[0024] In a third possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the region corresponding to the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system comprises an energy storage zone located in a middle region and a heat insulation zone located around the energy storage zone, and the density of the wells drilled in the energy storage zone is greater than the density of the wells drilled in the heat insulation zone.

[0025] Based on the above scheme, the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system divides the corresponding area into an intermediate energy storage zone and a surrounding heat insulation zone, and the well density in the energy storage zone is greater than that in the heat insulation zone. Through this differentiated design, the high-density well distribution in the energy storage zone can store more heat energy, improving the heat storage capacity of the energy storage area. The heat insulation zone forms a thermal resistance boundary through lower well density and reasonable layout, reducing the heat loss from the energy storage zone to the surrounding environment, and reducing heat loss. This distribution not only improves the energy storage efficiency, but also makes the temperature field of the energy storage area more stable, ensuring the continuity and stability of heat energy supply during the heating period. At the same time, effectively reducing heat loss helps to prolong the service life of the heat storage system, reduce the maintenance cost of the system, and improve the overall performance and economic benefit of the heating system.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions, when the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the method for heating by preferentially using middle-deep geothermal energy as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0027] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, when the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the method for heating by preferentially using middle-deep geothermal energy as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0028] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system applied to an electronic device, the chip system comprising one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to invoke computer instructions to cause the electronic device to execute the method for heating by preferentially using middle-deep geothermal energy as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0029] It can be understood that the technical effects obtained by the computer readable storage medium of the fourth aspect, the computer program product of the fifth aspect, and the chip system of the sixth aspect are similar to the technical effects obtained by the method for heating by preferentially using middle-deep geothermal energy of the first aspect, the heating device of the second aspect, and the heating system of the third aspect. Here, it is not repeated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is an application scenario diagram of the method for heating by preferentially using middle-deep geothermal energy provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2A is a structural diagram of a geothermal well configured in a rock-soil energy storage and recycling system in the prior art;

[0032] Figure 2Bis a structural schematic diagram of a geothermal well configured in a rock-soil energy storage and recycling system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2C is a regional structure schematic diagram in a rock-soil energy storage and recycling system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 is a flow schematic diagram of a heating method with deep geothermal priority in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 is a heating system structure schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 is a structure schematic diagram of a heating control device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0038] It should be understood that the "multiple" mentioned in the present application refers to two or more. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " represents the meaning of or, for example, A / B can represent A or B; "and / or" in this paper is only a description of the association relationship of the associated object, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, in order to clearly describe the technical scheme of the present application, the same items or similar items with basically the same function and role are distinguished by using "first", "second", etc. The skilled in the art can understand that "first", "second", etc. do not limit the quantity and execution order, and "first", "second", etc. also do not limit the difference.

[0039] Traditional heating systems mostly rely on single energy, such as coal, gas, etc., which has many problems in practical application. On the one hand, the energy utilization rate is low, and a large amount of energy is not fully utilized, resulting in unreasonable consumption of resources. On the other hand, it causes serious pollution to the environment, and the use of energy such as coal will emit a large amount of pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, aggravating the greenhouse effect and air quality deterioration. In addition, its operation cost is high, and with the fluctuation of the price of traditional energy, the heating cost is also difficult to stabilize and control.

[0040] In the field of heating, clean energy such as geothermal, solar and air energy has shown broad application prospects due to its unique advantages. The middle-deep geothermal energy has the outstanding characteristics of high efficiency, stability and renewable, and the solar energy has the significant advantages of no pollution and wide distribution. However, these clean energies encounter many technical bottlenecks in the actual application of heating. The middle-deep geothermal energy is greatly restricted in large-scale popularization and application due to the high initial investment cost; the solar heating is significantly affected by weather factors, and the heating stability is difficult to guarantee in rainy days or winter with insufficient sunlight; the air energy has the problem of energy efficiency decay in extreme low temperature environment, which directly leads to a substantial increase in operating cost. Although there are currently many ways of energy coupling heating, the existing heating configuration scheme is relatively extensive, the energy distribution lacks rationality, which causes serious energy waste, and the comprehensive advantages of clean energy cannot be fully utilized.

[0041] Based on the above status, the present application provides a middle-deep geothermal priority heating method, a heating control device and a heating system, which aims to provide a technical solution that can effectively solve the above problems, and realizes the efficient utilization of clean energy and improves the stability and economy of the heating system by optimizing the configuration and control method of the multi-heat source collaborative heating system.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is an application scene schematic diagram of the middle-deep geothermal priority heating method provided by an embodiment of the present application; as shown in FIG. 1, the heating system takes the heating user 106 load demand as the core, and pre-integrates the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system 101, the rock-soil energy storage recycling system 102, the PVT 103 and the air source heat pump system 104 four heat sources. Each heat source system is interconnected through pipelines and control lines, and is collaboratively scheduled by the heating control device 105. The heating control device 105 obtains (such as through a sensor network) the heating load data of the heating user 106 in real time, and starts each heat source system to realize hierarchical collaborative heating accordingly.

[0043] In the heating season, when the heating system is running, the heating control device 105 first starts the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system 101 of the heating system, and uses the middle-deep geothermal well to obtain geothermal energy to heat the heating user 106. At this time, if the PVT 103 meets the preset heating condition (such as the light intensity and the temperature of the solar collector reaching the standard), the heating control device 105 triggers the PVT 103 to run, which collaborates with the middle-deep downhole heat exchange system 101 to heat through the heat storage water tank and other devices, and realizes the coupling of geothermal energy and solar energy.

[0044] If the above two systems cannot meet the load demand, the heating control device 105 starts the geothermal energy storage and recycling system 102, which can release the stored heat energy of the phase change material (filled between the oil pipe sleeve) in the shallow underground geothermal well through the heat exchanger, and form a triple heating cooperation with the former two. When the triple heating is still insufficient under extreme weather, the control air source heat pump system 104 is started to draw heat from the air, and works with the middle-deep well heat exchange system 101, the PVT 103 and the geothermal energy storage and recycling system 102 to dynamically match the heating capacity of each heat source with the load demand of the heat user 106 through the regulation of the heating control device 105, so as to ensure the stability of heating and the energy utilization efficiency.

[0045] In this scenario, each heat source system is started in the priority order of “middle-deep well heat exchange system 101→PVT 102→geothermal energy storage and recycling system 103→air source heat pump system 104”, and realizes “on-demand input and complementary cooperation” through the pipeline network and control logic.

[0046] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the commercial power can be used as an auxiliary energy supplement for the heating system (not shown in the figure). Figure 1 When the above multi-heat source cooperative heating still cannot meet the load demand of the heat user under extreme working conditions, the commercial power can be used as a supplementary energy source to maintain the stable operation of the heating system and ensure the continuity of heating when the PVT power generation is insufficient. This supplementary energy scheme can realize the complementary use of clean energy and traditional energy while ensuring the stability of the system through linkage with the heating control device.

[0047] The middle-deep geothermal priority heating method provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to provide heating service for a heat user, based on the heating load demand of the heat user, heating heat source equipment is planned and invested in advance, and the heating heat source equipment is integrated into a heating system; the heating heat source equipment comprises a middle-deep well heat exchange system, a geothermal energy storage and recycling system, a solar photovoltaic and photothermal integrated system PVT, and an air source heat pump system.

[0048] It should be noted that when the present application is planned in advance, the heating load demand of the heat user is used as a guide, and the principle of “core heat source priority, multi-energy complementary cooperation, and energy storage peak shaving optimization” is followed. According to the characteristics of the building heat load (such as peak load, average load, and load fluctuation period), the installed capacity and operation priority of each heat source equipment are determined. For example, in some embodiment scenarios, the middle-deep geothermal heat is used as a basic load heat source, which can bear 50%-60% of the stable load; the PVT and the geothermal energy storage are used as adjustable load heat sources to cope with daytime fluctuations and seasonal changes; and the air source heat pump is used as a peak load standby heat source and is only started in extreme working conditions.

[0049] In the configuration and regulation of the heat source, the geological conditions (such as the thermal conductivity of the rock-soil layer, the groundwater temperature), the climate characteristics (such as the length of daylight, the number of extremely low temperature days) and the electricity price policy are combined to optimize the proportion of the heat source. For example, in cold regions (such as Harbin), the proportion of medium-deep geothermal and rock-soil energy storage is increased, and the configuration of air source heat pump is reduced; in areas with sufficient sunlight (such as Lanzhou), the installed capacity of PVT is increased. The rock-soil energy storage circulating system stores heat in the non-heating season through "summer storage and winter use", which improves the energy utilization rate and ensures the energy supplement during the fluctuation of heat load in the middle of the heating period.

[0050] For example, in the initial investment configuration, the following proportions can be used from the installed capacity proportion: the proportion of medium-deep downhole heat exchange system is 40%-50%, the proportion of rock-soil energy storage circulating system is 30%-35%, the proportion of air source heat pump system is 10%-15%, and the proportion of PVT is 5%-10%.

[0051] For example, in a certain 100,000 m 2 In the application of residential areas, the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system uses dry heat extraction technology, configures two 2500-meter deep medium-deep dry geothermal wells (single well heat extraction capacity 800kW, initial investment about 6 million yuan), and is matched with a rock-soil energy storage circulating system composed of 500 groups of double U-shaped buried pipes (heat storage capacity 1200MWh, initial investment 300 million yuan), 4 air source heat pump units (initial investment 80 million yuan), and PVT, which is building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) covering the roof and facade, with an annual power generation of 1.2 million kWh, meeting the electricity demand of the heating system. Compared with traditional gas boilers, the annual operating cost is reduced by 65%, and the carbon emissions are reduced by 90%, realizing the efficient use of clean energy and significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0052] For example, as Figure 3 shown, in some possible implementations, the heating method with priority of medium-deep geothermal can include steps: S301 to S305.

[0053] S301. Determine the real-time heating load demand of the heat user.

[0054] In some possible implementations, the real-time heating load demand of the heat user can be determined by the following method: based on a heating load prediction model, the real-time heating load demand of the heat user is determined; wherein the heating load prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning algorithm, combined with historical heating data, building information, environmental data, and user behavior data, and obtained after deep learning training to mine the relationship between historical heating data, building information, environmental data, and user behavior data and heating load.

[0055] The "determination of real-time load demand of a heat user based on a heating load prediction model" is a core link for realizing intelligent scheduling of multiple heat sources. The construction process of the heating load prediction model can include: multi-source data acquisition and preprocessing. The historical heating data can include: collecting hourly load data of the system in the past 3 years of the heating season, heat source running state (such as geothermal well water temperature, heat pump start-stop signal), forming a time series data set. Building information includes: building envelope parameters (such as external wall heat transfer coefficient, external window air tightness grade), building area, floor height (such as: 18 floors), etc., and the basic heat load is determined through thermal calculation. Environmental data can include: hourly outdoor temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation data from the local weather station, among which outdoor temperature is the key factor affecting load (for example, for every 1℃ decrease in temperature, heat load increases by about 2.5%). User behavior data can include: indoor set temperature collected by intelligent temperature controller (such as setting 22℃ from 6:00 to 8:00 on weekdays, 18℃ at night), and statistics of personnel presence state and density (occupancy) (such as residential user occupancy rate reaching 90% at night), quantifying the impact of behavior on load.

[0056] Data preprocessing can include: linear interpolation for missing data, 3σ principle for removing outliers, normalizing all data to the [0, 1] interval to avoid dimension influence on model training.

[0057] Machine learning algorithm selection and model construction can include the following links: algorithm selection, network architecture, training parameters, model verification and dynamic correction (including offline verification and online correction, etc.).

[0058] Algorithm selection: the Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) algorithm can be used, which has strong capture ability for long-term dependence of time series data and is suitable for processing periodic fluctuations of heating load (such as daily cycle, weekly cycle).

[0059] Network architecture: for example, a 3-layer LSTM network (128 neurons per layer) + 1 layer of fully connected layer can be constructed, the input layer contains multiple features (such as: historical load, outdoor temperature, humidity, day type (such as: weekday, weekend, holiday, etc.), set temperature, etc.), and the output layer is the future 1-hour load prediction value.

[0060] Training parameters: the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) optimizer can be used, with a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 32, 200 iterations, and a loss function of Mean Squared Error (MSE).

[0061] Model validation and dynamic correction, including offline validation: such as using 2023~2024 heating season data to train the model, 2024~2025 season data test, the results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) ≤7.5%, root mean squared error (RMSE) ≤10%, meet the engineering control accuracy requirements.

[0062] Online correction: when the actual outdoor temperature and the prediction deviation exceeds 5℃, trigger Kalman filter algorithm, combined with the current water supply temperature (such as geothermal well water 42℃), return water temperature (38℃) and user side room temperature feedback (such as a unit room temperature 20℃ lower than the set value), real-time calibration of the predicted load.

[0063] For example, 10 million m 2 Residential community load forecasting scenarios include the following steps:

[0064] (1) data input and model inference,

[0065] Scenario conditions: a residential community in the north, January 8, 2025 (Wednesday), outdoor temperature prediction is-15℃~-22℃, user set temperature working day 6:00-8:00, 18:00-22:00 is 22℃, the rest of the time is 18℃.

[0066] Input features:

[0067] Historical load: the same time period load data of the previous day (January 7) (such as 7:00 load 650kW);

[0068] Environmental data: 24 hours forecast temperature (7:00 measured-20℃, predicted-21℃);

[0069] Building heat gain: through EnergyPlus simulation, 7:00 building internal heat gain (light, personnel) is 50kW;

[0070] User behavior: 7:00 for early peak, occupancy rate is 85%, set temperature is 22℃.

[0071] Model output: LSTM model predicts 7:00-8:00 period heat load is 780kW, increased by 20% compared with the same time period of the previous day (because the outdoor temperature dropped).

[0072] (2) multi-heat source collaborative scheduling verification

[0073] Load matching: predicted load 780kW, middle-deep geothermal well (single well 800kW) direct supply can meet the needs, without starting other heat sources;

[0074] Actual operation: The system starts the geothermal well as predicted, the water temperature is 45℃, the heat is supplied through the plate heat exchanger unit, the return water temperature is 40℃, the user side room temperature is 22±0.5℃, which is consistent with the prediction result.

[0075] Error analysis: If the model does not consider the temporary increase in heating demand of the kindergarten in the area (+50kW) on the day, the actual load reaches 830kW, at this time the system triggers real-time correction through the return water temperature sensor (measured 39℃ lower than the preset 40℃), within 5 minutes, the geothermal energy storage system is started to release heat of 50kW, ensuring stable heating.

[0076] (3) Technical advantages and engineering value

[0077] Precision improvement: Compared with traditional steady-state heat load calculation (error ≥15%), the machine learning model controls the error within 8%, avoiding excessive configuration of heat sources or insufficient energy supply.

[0078] Dynamic adaptability: Through the real-time correction mechanism, the system can respond to sudden load changes (such as temporary increase in user temperature, addition of heating equipment), with a response time ≤10 minutes.

[0079] Low-carbon benefits: Precise load control avoids energy waste, for example, in this community, annual CO2 emissions are reduced by about 1200 tons, accounting for 10% of total emissions reduction.

[0080] It should be noted that in some possible implementations, the model can be further optimized, such as by combining: multi-physical field coupling, edge computing deployment, and user side interaction. Among them, multi-physical field coupling can include: future integration of building heat conduction model (such as heat network method) and LSTM model to improve prediction accuracy in extreme weather. Edge computing deployment can include: transplanting the model to edge servers (such as industrial programmable logic controllers (PLC)), reducing transmission delay, and realizing local real-time prediction. User side interaction can include: accessing user APP temperature adjustment data to build a "load prediction-user preference" two-way feedback mechanism to further improve model adaptability.

[0081] S302. Start the middle-deep downhole heat exchanger system, trigger the middle-deep downhole heat exchanger system to use the geothermal energy obtained to heat the heat users.

[0082] In some possible implementations, the water temperature at the outlet of the middle-deep underground heat exchange system can be detected first; when the water temperature is in a first temperature range, the middle-deep underground heat exchange system is triggered to supply heat to the heat users through the plate heat exchanger unit; when the water temperature is in a second temperature range, the heat pump unit is triggered to start, so that the heat pump unit heats the liquid flowing therethrough, and the heated liquid is used to supply heat to the heat users; wherein the temperature values in the first temperature range are all higher than the temperature values in the second temperature range.

[0083] For example, the first temperature range can be [40℃, 50℃), and the second temperature range can be (20℃, 40℃). In the early stage of heating, when the well-side outlet water temperature is in the range of [40℃, 50℃), the plate heat exchanger unit is directly used to supply heat to the heat users; when the well-side outlet water temperature drops to the range of (20℃, 40℃), the heat pump unit is started to increase the temperature to the required value.

[0084] It can be understood that when the heat user load is low (for example, in the early stage of heating), the system is preferentially started to meet the basic heating demand.

[0085] S303. When the PVT meets the preset heating condition, the PVT is triggered to run, so that the PVT and the middle-deep underground heat exchange system work together to supply heat to the heat users.

[0086] It should be noted that the PVT is greatly affected by factors such as solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature, and is started only when the preset heating condition is met.

[0087] For example, the PVT can be installed on the roof or the facade of a building, and includes a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated component. During the day when sunlight is abundant, the PVT supplies heat to the heating system through the heat collector, generates electricity to supply power to the electrical equipment in the heating system, and can also supply power to the office area of the energy station. Excess electricity can be stored in a solid-state battery. The PVT and the middle-deep underground heat exchange system work together in parallel to supply heat, thereby improving the daytime heating capacity of the heating system.

[0088] At the same time, the use of PVT to generate electricity can supply power to electrical equipment, which is conducive to achieving self-sufficiency in electricity and reducing the electricity cost of the heating system. When the generated electricity is greater than the electricity demand (for example, at noon on a sunny day), the excess electricity can be stored in a solid-state battery for use at night or during low-usage periods; when the generated electricity is less than the electricity demand, the energy storage battery or the power grid can be used to supplement the electricity, so as to ensure the smooth and safe operation of the electrical equipment.

[0089] S304. When the heat energy provided by the middle-deep underground heat exchange system and the PVT cannot meet the heating load demand of the heat users, the geotechnical energy storage and recycling system is started, so that the geotechnical energy storage and recycling system works together with the middle-deep underground heat exchange system and the PVT to supply heat to the heat users.

[0090] When the heat exchange system in the middle-deep well and the PVT are insufficient in joint energy supply, the heating control device can control the opening of the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system to release the heat stored in the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system in the non-heating period (such as summer) and work cooperatively with the middle-deep well heat exchange system and the PVT to provide heating for the heat users.

[0091] The heat storage and release logic of the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system includes: in summer or winter, the excess season does not need heating, the heat is stored in the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system through the middle-deep geothermal well and the PVT waste heat, and in the heating period (such as winter), the heat is taken out by the water circulation in the U-shaped tube to improve the overall output of the heating system.

[0092] In some possible implementations, the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system is configured with multiple underground geothermal wells, and the geothermal well is provided with: a petroleum pipe sleeve, a U-shaped metal tube heat exchanger, and a phase change material; wherein the U-shaped metal tube heat exchanger is placed in the petroleum pipe sleeve, the phase change material is filled between the petroleum pipe sleeve and the U-shaped metal tube heat exchanger, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is between 30℃ and 40℃. In some possible implementations, the phase change material can include: paraffin, and at least one of expanded graphite and graphene. Specifically, the phase change material can include: paraffin, paraffin + expanded graphene, paraffin + expanded graphene + graphene. It can be understood that the phase change material can also be other substances or mixtures with a phase change temperature between 30℃ and 40℃.

[0093] It should be noted that the U-shaped tube structure used in the rock-soil energy storage and recycling system in the present application is significantly different from the coaxial tube 203 in the prior art shown in Figure 2A in structure and performance, and the U-shaped tube with the phase change material has many beneficial effects. From the structure, Figure 2A the coaxial tube 203 in the prior art is coaxially arranged with the inner tube and the outer tube to form an annular flow channel, and the heated medium flows out from the inner tube in one direction, as shown in Figure 2A the well is drilled in the rock-soil body 202, the coaxial tube 203 is arranged in the well, and the reinforced cement 202 is filled between the rock-soil body 202 and the coaxial tube 203. This structure mainly relies on the heat conduction between the inner and outer walls of the tube and the rock-soil body, and the heat exchange area is relatively limited, and the heat exchange effect is greatly affected by the medium flow rate. At the same time, there is no dedicated heat storage material, and only relies on the sensible heat storage of the rock-soil body, the heat storage density is low, and the well group arrangement also has no heat insulation zone design, the heat storage loss rate is high.

Claims

1. A heating method prioritizing medium-deep geothermal energy, used to provide heating services to heat users, characterized in that, Based on the heating load demand of the heat users, heating heat source equipment is planned and invested in in advance, and the heating heat source equipment is integrated into the heating system; the heating heat source equipment includes: a medium-deep well heat exchange system, a geotechnical energy storage and recycling system, a solar photovoltaic-thermal integrated system (PVT), and an air source heat pump system; the heating method includes: Determining the real-time heating load demand of the heat users includes: determining the real-time heating load demand of the heat users based on a heating load prediction model; wherein, the heating load prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning algorithm, combining historical heating data, building information, environmental data, and user behavior data, and is trained through deep learning to mine the relationship between the historical heating data, the building information, the environmental data, the user behavior data, and the heating load; and optimizing the heating load prediction model in conjunction with user-side interaction, wherein the user-side interaction includes accessing user APP temperature adjustment data and constructing a two-way feedback mechanism of "load prediction - user preference"; The predicted medium-deep downhole heat exchange system is activated, triggering the system to use the geothermal energy it acquires to provide heating for the heat users; and the predicted load is calibrated in real time based on the geothermal well outlet water temperature, return water temperature and user-side room temperature feedback. When the PVT meets the preset heating conditions, the PVT is triggered to start operation, so that the PVT and the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system work together to provide heating for the heat users. When the heat energy provided by the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system and the PVT cannot meet the heating load demand of the heat user, the soil and rock energy storage and recycling system is activated, so that the soil and rock energy storage and recycling system works in conjunction with the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system and the PVT to provide heating for the heat user. When the combined heating provided by the medium-deep well heat exchange system, the PVT, and the geotechnical energy storage and recycling system is still insufficient to meet the heating load demand of the heat users, the air source heat pump system is activated. This allows the air source heat pump system to work in conjunction with the medium-deep well heat exchange system, the PVT, and the geotechnical energy storage and recycling system. When the combined heating provided by the above heat sources is still insufficient to meet extreme operating conditions, mains electricity is used as an auxiliary energy source to supplement the heating, thereby matching the heating energy with the heating load demand of the heat users.

2. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triggering of the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system to use the geothermal energy it acquires to provide heating for the heat users includes: Detect the water temperature at the outlet of the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system; When the water temperature is in the first temperature range, the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system is triggered to supply heating to the heat user through the plate heat exchanger unit; When the water temperature reaches the second temperature range, the heat pump unit is activated to heat the flowing liquid and provide heating to the heat user; wherein the temperature values ​​in the first temperature range are all higher than the temperature values ​​in the second temperature range.

3. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes, During non-heating periods, the medium-deep downhole heat exchange system and / or the PVT are triggered to store heat in the geotechnical energy storage and recycling system.

4. The heating method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It also includes, The electrical energy stored after the PVT generates electricity is used to power the electrical equipment in the heating system.

5. A heating control device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program capable of running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the heating method prioritizing medium-deep geothermal energy as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A heating system for providing heating services to heat users, characterized in that, include: Heating heat source equipment and heating control device as described in any one of claims 5, wherein, The heating source equipment is planned and invested in in advance based on the heating load demand of the heat users. The heating source equipment includes: a medium-deep well heat exchange system, a soil and rock energy storage and recycling system, a solar photovoltaic and photothermal integrated system (PVT), and an air source heat pump system. The heating control device is used to control the heating energy provided by the heating heat source equipment to match the heating load demand of the heat users.

7. The heating system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The geotechnical energy storage and recycling system includes an underground geothermal well, which is equipped with: an oil pipe casing, a U-shaped metal tube heat exchanger, and a phase change material; wherein... The U-shaped metal tube heat exchanger is placed inside the oil pipe sleeve, and the phase change material is filled between the oil pipe sleeve and the U-shaped metal tube heat exchanger. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is between 30°C and 40°C.

8. The heating system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The phase change material includes: paraffin wax, and at least one of expanded graphite and graphene.

9. The heating system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, The area corresponding to the geotechnical energy storage and recycling system includes: an energy storage zone located in the middle area and an insulating zone located around the energy storage zone; the density of wells drilled in the energy storage zone is greater than the density of wells drilled in the insulating zone.

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