A multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system and method, belonging to the field of optical lighting technology. By establishing a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting multi-physical characteristic coupling model, this invention improves the compensation mechanism, optimizes the optical system design, and achieves high-precision performance in wavelength scanning, intensity encoding, and wide-band target spectrum modulation. It can provide core support for high-precision optical detection and analysis, empowering innovative applications in the biomedical and materials fields, and represents a significant advancement compared to existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optical lighting technology, specifically relating to a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Programmable illumination technology breaks through the performance boundaries of optical systems, such as resolution, through the ability to coordinate the modulation of multiple physical parameters, thus contributing to the development of new paradigms in optical systems. Its core lies in achieving high-precision dynamic coupling of wavelength, intensity, and time dimensions. As the "intelligent optical engine" of modern optical imaging systems, this technology shows transformative potential in the field of biomedical dynamic imaging. Its performance limit is directly constrained by the ability to compensate for environmental disturbances and the depth of theoretical modeling of multi-physics coupling mechanisms.

[0003] However, while programmable lighting technology has made some progress and breakthroughs in performance indicators such as wavelength scanning, intensity coding, and wide-band target spectral modulation, current research mainly focuses on system design and experimental verification. Furthermore, this paper argues that the incomplete physical models and lack of compensation mechanisms in currently established multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting methods are the main reasons for the poor quality and low accuracy of programmable lighting.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system and method to solve the problems of lighting quality and accuracy caused by the imperfect physical model and lack of compensation mechanism in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system includes a halogen tungsten lamp light source, a spectral modulation optical system, a DMD, a beam mixing system, and a uniform projection system arranged sequentially.

[0008] The halogen tungsten lamp light source is used to emit a broadband light beam;

[0009] The spectral modulation optical system adopts a cross-type Czerny-Turner optical path structure, including a slit, a collimating mirror, a blazed grating and a focusing mirror arranged in sequence, for spectral dispersion processing of broadband beams;

[0010] The DMD is used to receive the dispersive spectral lines processed by the spectral modulation optical system and to compensate and modulate them.

[0011] The beam mixing system includes a focusing lens and an integrating sphere, used to converge, mix, and homogenize the beam modulated by the DMD.

[0012] The uniform projection system employs a dual-Gauss projection lens structure to uniformly project and output the homogenized light beam.

[0013] Furthermore, the spectral modulation optical system has a spectral resolution better than 1 nm in the 360 ​​nm to 800 nm band, and the RMS radius in the Y direction is less than 7 μm, which is smaller than a micro-pixel size of the DMD.

[0014] Furthermore, the root mean square radius of each field point map in the uniform projection system is smaller than AiryRadius.

[0015] A multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting method based on the above system includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: A halogen tungsten lamp light source emits a broadband beam of light. This beam passes sequentially through a slit, a collimating mirror, a blazed grating, and a focusing mirror within the spectral modulation optical system, and then forms a dispersive spectral line distribution on the DMD.

[0017] Step 2: Establish a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting multi-physical characteristic coupling model, including spatial-spectral distribution modeling from the light source to the slit, spectral dispersion and energy distribution modeling from the slit to the DMD surface, spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation mechanism modeling, and integrating sphere-double Gaussian cooperative transport modeling.

[0018] Step 3: Based on the aforementioned multi-physical coupling model, spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation and modulation of the dispersive spectral lines are performed using DMD;

[0019] Step 4: The beam modulated by DMD is focused by the focusing lens and then converged into the integrating sphere for light mixing and homogenization;

[0020] Step 5: The homogenized light beam is output through a uniform projection system to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting.

[0021] Furthermore, the spatial-spectral distribution modeling from the light source to the slit in step 2 includes:

[0022] 1. Spatial-spectral distribution characteristic function of halogen tungsten lamps for:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, The spectral power distribution of a halogen tungsten lamp. Let (x, y) be the wavelength of light, and (x, y) be the spatial coordinates of the rays in the radiation spectrum of the light source. Let be the Gaussian radius of the light source. , Let be Planck's constant. At the speed of light, Boltzmann's constant, This is the blackbody temperature, which is the equivalent temperature of a halogen tungsten lamp.

[0025] 2. Transmission function of the slit for:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, , The width of the slit opening in the x and y directions is expressed in mm.

[0028] 3. Light field distribution after slit spatial filtering for:

[0029] .

[0030] Furthermore, the modeling of spectral dispersion and energy distribution from the slit to the DMD surface in step 2 includes:

[0031] 1. Expanding the grating equation to third-order nonlinear terms Represented as ;

[0032] ;

[0033] in, The center wavelength, The linear dispersion coefficient is... The non-dispersion coefficient, The grating constant is For grating diffraction orders, The radius of curvature of the grating. The diffraction angle designed for the grating The focal length of the grating;

[0034] 2. Wavefront distortion Represented using Zernike polynomials:

[0035] ;

[0036] in, These are the coefficients of the Zernike polynomial. For Zernike polynomials, The radius of curvature of the spherical mirror; coefficient ;

[0037] in For the design wavelength;

[0038] 3. Light intensity distribution on the DMD surface Represented as:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, This is the inverse Fourier transform operator. This represents the complex amplitude distribution of the incident light in the frequency domain after passing through the slit. Phase factor introduced for DMD micromirror modulation. The diffraction efficiency of the grating.

[0041] Furthermore, the modeling of the spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation mechanism in step 2 includes:

[0042] 1. Discretization of DMD modulation function for ;

[0043] in, Let be the DMD modulation matrix, representing the first... A microscope in time state, The spacing between the micromirrors Let be the reflection field function of a single micromirror in the DMD.

[0044] ;

[0045] in, Let be the side length of a single micromirror. The tilt angle of the micromirror. It is a comb function;

[0046] 2. Inverse mapping of spectral distortion for ;

[0047] 3. Assume the flat-field energy distribution on the DMD surface is as follows: , The point spread function of the system, which is composed of optical aberrations, micromirror diffraction effects, etc., represents the light intensity distribution on the DMD surface. for

[0048] ;

[0049] By adjusting This makes the actual light intensity distribution approximate the flat-field energy distribution, and the energy gain attenuation coefficient... Adjust the formula to

[0050] ;

[0051] in, For learning rate, Obtained through calibration.

[0052] Furthermore, the integration sphere-double Gaussian cotransport modeling in step 2 includes:

[0053] The radiative transfer equation of the integrating sphere is: ;

[0054] in, For the spectral distribution entering the integrating sphere, This represents the percentage of the area of ​​the integrating sphere port. , Let the area of ​​the integrating sphere port be . This represents the total area of ​​the inner wall of the integrating sphere. The reflectivity of the inner wall of the integrating sphere;

[0055] The transfer function of the double Gaussian projection mirror group is ;

[0056] Among them, the transfer function of a single lens , and These are spatial frequency components.

[0057] Furthermore, in step 5, the maximum peak wavelength error of the output illumination within the 380nm~780nm band is 0.25nm, and the spot uniformity is better than 95.85%; the linearity of the intensity encoding is better than 0.9992; and it is comparable to standard light source A and standard light source B. The spectral modulation errors were -1.78% and -0.86%, respectively.

[0058] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0059] This invention establishes a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable illumination multi-physical characteristic coupling model, improves the compensation mechanism, optimizes the optical system design, and achieves high-precision performance in wavelength scanning, intensity encoding, and wide-band target spectrum modulation. It can provide core support for high-precision optical detection and analysis, empower innovative applications in the fields of biomedicine and materials, and represents a significant improvement over existing technologies.

[0060] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural layout of a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a spectral modulation optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a footprint diagram of a spectral modulation optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a full-band y-axis root-mean-square radius diagram of a spectral modulation optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a uniform projection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a dot matrix diagram of a uniform projection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 This is an MTF curve diagram of a uniform projection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 This is a simulation model diagram of a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 9 The single-wavelength spectral distribution curves and energy distribution cloud maps before and after compensation are shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 10 The peak wavelength spectral curve and peak wavelength error distribution diagram are shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the uniformity of light spots at different peak wavelengths according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the linearity results for different peak wavelengths according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the modulation result of a specific target spectral curve according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Example 1

[0076] The topology of the multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting method shown in this invention consists of a light source, a spectral modulation optical system, a DMD (Digital Modulation Device), a beam mixing system, and a uniform projection system. The light source is a halogen tungsten lamp; the spectral modulation optical system uses a cross-type Czerny-Turner optical path structure; the beam mixing system uses a focusing lens and integrating sphere structure; and the uniform projection system uses a dual Gaussian projection lens structure. The overall structure and layout of the multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0077] A broadband beam emitted by a halogen tungsten lamp light source passes sequentially through a slit, collimating mirror, blazed grating, and focusing mirror within a spectral modulation optical system. After forming a dispersive spectral distribution in the DMD, and then undergoing compensation and modulation by the DMD, it is converged by a focusing lens into an integrating sphere for mixing and homogenization, finally outputting through a uniform projection system. Current research on multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting systems largely focuses on engineering aspects such as optical design, lacking modeling of the system's multi-physical coupling characteristics. Spectral modulation optical systems exhibit spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution; therefore, this paper establishes a multi-physical coupling model for multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting from optical, mechanical, and electronic perspectives.

[0078] (1) Spatial-spectral distribution modeling from light source to slit

[0079] The radiation spectrum of a halogen tungsten lamp approximates that of blackbody radiation, and the spatial intensity of the light spot exhibits a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. Its space-spectral distribution characteristic function... for:

[0080] ;

[0081] In the formula, The spectral power distribution of a halogen tungsten lamp. Let (x, y) be the wavelength of light, and (x, y) be the spatial coordinates of the rays in the radiation spectrum of the light source. Let be the Gaussian radius of the light source. (Blackbody radiation approximation) Let be Planck's constant. At the speed of light, Boltzmann's constant, This is the blackbody temperature (the equivalent temperature of a halogen tungsten lamp).

[0082] When the slit opening function is a rectangular function, the slit's transmission function... for:

[0083] ;

[0084] In the formula, , The slit opening widths are in the x and y directions, in mm. The light field distribution after spatial filtering by the slit. for:

[0085] ;

[0086] In the formula, The spatial-spectral distribution of the light source, Let be the transmission function of the slit.

[0087] (2) Modeling of spectral dispersion and energy distribution from the slit to the DMD surface

[0088] When a beam of light passing through the slit illuminates the blazed grating, the grating equation expands to a third-order nonlinear term. It can be represented as:

[0089] ;

[0090] In the formula, , The center wavelength, The linear dispersion coefficient is... The non-dispersion coefficient, The grating constant is For grating diffraction orders, The radius of curvature of the grating. The diffraction angle designed for the grating This is the focal length of the grating. At this point, wavefront distortion... Represented using Zernike polynomials:

[0091] ;

[0092] In the formula, These are the coefficients of the Zernike polynomial. For Zernike polynomials, Let be the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror, and be the coefficient. ,in For the design wavelength.

[0093] Considering the Fresnel integral of diffraction and aberration, the light intensity distribution on the DMD surface is as follows. It can be represented as:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the formula, This is the inverse Fourier transform operator. This represents the complex amplitude distribution of the incident light in the frequency domain after passing through the slit. Phase factor introduced for DMD micromirror modulation. The diffraction efficiency of the grating.

[0096] (3) Modeling of spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation mechanism

[0097] The reflection field function of a single micromirror in a DMD It can be represented as:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula, Let be the side length of a single micromirror. The tilt angle of the micromirror. It is a comb function. At this point, the DMD modulation function is discretized. for:

[0100] ;

[0101] In the formula, Let be the DMD modulation matrix, representing the first... A microscope in time The state (0 or 1). The spacing between the micromirrors. At this point, the inverse mapping of spectral distortion... for:

[0102] ;

[0103] Let the flat-field energy distribution on the DMD surface be... , Let the system point spread function be composed of optical aberrations, micromirror diffraction effects, etc., then the light intensity distribution on the DMD surface is... for:

[0104] ;

[0105] Define the energy gain attenuation coefficient By adjusting This makes the actual light intensity distribution approximate the flat-field energy distribution, and the expression is:

[0106] ;

[0107] In the formula, For learning rate, This can be obtained through calibration. At this point, spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation are unified into a constrained optimization problem.

[0108] ;

[0109] In the formula, For the incident spectral distribution, The weighting coefficients are used to balance spectral fidelity and energy uniformity.

[0110] (4) Integrating sphere-uniform projection cooperative transport modeling

[0111] Considering that the light mixing process of the integrating sphere requires multiple reflections, the radiative transfer equation of the integrating sphere is as follows:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the formula, For the spectral distribution entering the integrating sphere, This represents the percentage of the area of ​​the integrating sphere port. , Let the area of ​​the integrating sphere port be . This represents the total area of ​​the inner wall of the integrating sphere. Let be the reflectivity of the inner wall of the integrating sphere. Let the number of lenses in the double Gaussian projection lens group be n, and the focal length of each lens be . The transfer function of the double Gaussian projection mirror group is:

[0114] ;

[0115] In the formula, the transfer function of a single lens , and These are the spatial frequency components. At this time, the light intensity distribution on the projection surface... Light intensity of object surface After being modulated by an optical system, it can be expressed as:

[0116] ;

[0117] It should be noted that both halogen tungsten lamp light sources and DMDs have mature commercial products. The main functions of the focusing lens and integrating sphere are light mixing and homogenization. This article uses a TP-WD-100W halogen tungsten lamp light source (wavelength range covering 300nm~2500nm) and a DLP6500 DMD (resolution 1920×1080, pixel size...). A focusing lens with a diameter of 26mm and an integrating sphere with a diameter of 24mm and an aperture ratio of 2% were selected.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] Optical System Design and System Compensation

[0120] 1. Design of Spectral Modulation Optical System

[0121] The operating wavelength of the spectral modulation optical system is selected from the complete visible light band of 380nm to 780nm. To avoid the influence of edge wavelengths on system performance, the design wavelength is extended to 360nm to 800nm. This is based on the grating diffraction equation. ;

[0122] In the formula, the grating constant , The number of selected grating line pairs, Diffraction order. Spectral resolution characterization. for: ;

[0123] In the formula, Slit width, This is the distance between the slit and the collimating mirror. This is a resolution correction factor. To ensure that the center of two different wavelength diffraction orders is greater than the half-width angle of the grating diffraction order, the following is selected: =1, The angle between the incident ray and the diffracted ray at the center wavelength of the grating is set to 600 l / mm. for Based on the grating equation, the following is obtained: for , for The optimization results of the spectral modulation optical system are as follows: Figure 2-4 As shown.

[0124] according to Figure 2-4 It can be seen that the optimized spectral modulation optical system can achieve a spectral resolution better than 1 nm within the designed wavelength band, and the RMS radius in the Y direction of the spectral modulation optical system is smaller than 1 nm across the entire spectral range. It is smaller than a micro-pixel size of the DMD.

[0125] 2. Uniform Projection System Design

[0126] Since the integrating sphere light source emits uniform light, a uniform projection system with a double Gaussian structure is adopted. The optimized design result of the uniform projection system is as follows: Figure 5-7 As shown.

[0127] according to Figure 5-7 It can be seen that the point plot of the optical system reflects that the image plane has good symmetry and a certain degree of dispersion. The root mean square radius of the point plot of each field of view of the uniform projection system is smaller than Airy Radius, the MTF reaches the diffraction limit, and it has good imaging quality.

[0128] 3. Compensation for spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution

[0129] Establish a simulation model of a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system, such as Figure 8 As shown, the single-wavelength spectral distribution curves (taking edge wavelengths and center wavelengths of 380nm, 381nm, 579nm, 580nm, 581nm, 779nm, and 780nm as examples) and energy distribution cloud maps on the DMD array surface before and after compensation are obtained. Figure 9 As shown.

[0130] Ideally, the compensated single-wavelength spectral distribution curve should be a straight line parallel to the short side of the DMD, and the energy distribution cloud map should have an approximately flat-topped energy distribution. Therefore, the maximum pixel deviation using the single-wavelength spectral distribution curve is... and uniformity of energy distribution The results of the evaluation before and after compensation are shown in Table 1.

[0131] Table 1 Comparison of effects before and after compensation

[0132]

[0133] Example 3

[0134] In this embodiment, an experimental device for a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system is built to verify its performance from three perspectives: wavelength scanning, intensity encoding, and wide-band target spectrum modulation.

[0135] 1. Wavelength scanning

[0136] The multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system is controlled to perform wavelength scanning in the range of 380nm to 780nm with a peak interval of 50nm. The output peak wavelength spectrum curve and peak wavelength error distribution are as follows. Figure 10 As shown, the uniformity of light spots at different peak wavelengths is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0137] according to Figure 5 The minimum and maximum peak wavelength deviations are found to be at 480nm and 730nm, respectively, with peak wavelength errors ranging from -0.05nm to 0.25nm. Except for 480nm, all peak wavelength errors are positive, and no obvious statistical regularity is observed. The uniformity of the light spot at different peak wavelengths ranges from 95.85% to 98.89%, with the minimum uniformity at 380nm and the maximum at 530nm. Except for the peak wavelength of 380nm, the uniformity of all other wavelengths exceeds 98%, indicating that wavelengths near 380nm have a significant impact on uniformity.

[0138] 2. Strength Coding

[0139] Based on the wavelength scanning mode, intensity coding is performed in the 380nm~780nm range with a peak interval of 50nm. R-squared is used to measure the linearity of the intensity coding. The linearity of different peak wavelengths is as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0140] according to Figure 12It can be concluded that the peak wavelengths with the maximum and minimum linearity of intensity coding are 430nm and 530nm, respectively, and the linearity range is between 0.9992 and 0.99998, indicating good linearity.

[0141] 3. Broadband target spectral modulation

[0142] Broadband target spectral modulation uses common standard light source A (color temperature 2856K) and standard light source. (Color temperature 6504K) represents the broad-band target spectrum. Select the spectral modulation precision within the selected band. The spectral modulation performance is evaluated using the following formula:

[0143] ;

[0144] In the formula, The modulated spectral distribution, The target spectral distribution is shown. Spectral modulation is performed using a fuzzy PID control algorithm, and the modulated spectral curve of the specific target is as follows. Figure 7 As shown.

[0145] according to Figure 13 The standard light source A can be derived. The value is -1.78%. Within the 714nm~748nm wavelength range, because the normalized value of the simulated curve is close to its maximum value and at the edge of the designed modulation band, the simulated curve of standard light source A differs significantly from the standard curve, but it is still relatively close to the target curve. of The value is -0.86% in the 396nm~418nm and 574nm~593nm wavelength ranges. This is because the normalized value of the simulated curve is close to its maximum value at this point, placing it at the edge of the designed modulation band, using a standard light source. The simulated curve differs significantly from the standard curve, but it is still relatively close to the target curve.

[0146] Furthermore, it should be noted that this study demonstrates significant superiority over related studies in terms of performance indicators. Specifically, the peak wavelength error in wavelength scanning mode is improved by 35–75 times compared to the grating-valve system used by Mühleis et al., and by 10–22 times compared to the wavelength scanning system used by Zuo et al. In intensity coding mode, the linearity of the output light intensity is significantly better than the optical frequency comb used by Yan's team. The spectral modulation accuracy in the wideband target spectral modulation mode is comparable to the fuzzy BP-PID spectral modulation method used by Yun et al., and the spectral shaping capability is significantly better than the pulse shaping system used by Gu et al. Simultaneously, this study achieves coordinated control of wavelength scanning, intensity coding, and wideband target spectral modulation through a single system architecture, overcoming the technical limitations of similar studies that only support single functions. A comparison of the functions and indicators of related studies is shown in Table 2.

[0147] Table 2 Comparison of Relevant Research Functions and Indicators

[0148]

[0149] In summary, this paper proposes a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) programmable lighting method and constructs a multi-DOF programmable lighting system architecture consisting of a spectral modulation optical system and a uniform projection system. By establishing a multi-physical characteristic coupling model for multi-DOF programmable lighting, the spatial-spectral characteristics of the halogen tungsten lamp source and the DMD dispersion energy distribution law are systematically analyzed. A compensation mechanism for spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution is established, and an integrating sphere-dual Gaussian cooperative transmission model is constructed. Using a cross-type Czerny-Turner optical path structure and a dual Gaussian lens structure as initial structures, a spectral modulation optical system and a uniform projection system are optimized and designed. The spectral modulation optical system achieves a spectral resolution better than 1 in the 360nm~800nm ​​wavelength range. The RMS radius in the Y direction is less than 7. The size is smaller than a micro-pixel of the DMD. The root mean square radius of the point map of each field of view in the uniform projection system is smaller than the Airy Radius, approaching the diffraction limit, and the MTF of each field of view is also close to the diffraction limit. A simulation model of a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system was established, and spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation of the multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system were completed. The results show that the maximum deviation of the single-wavelength spectral distribution curve before and after compensation was reduced by a factor of 2, and the uniformity of energy distribution was improved by a factor of 19.42.

[0150] The performance of multi-degree-of-freedom programmable illumination was verified from three aspects: wavelength scanning, intensity coding, and broadband target spectrum modulation. The results show that: The maximum peak wavelength error within the band is 0.25 nm, and the spot uniformity is better than 95.85%; the linearity of intensity encoding is better than 0.9992, and it has the ability to achieve specific target spectral modulation. (Standard light source A and standard light source...) The spectral modulation errors were -1.78% and -0.86%, respectively. Furthermore, this study overcomes the limitations of traditional single-function spectral modulation systems by innovatively integrating three core functions—wavelength scanning, intensity coding, and wide-band target spectral modulation—within a single architecture. Compared to existing single-function architectures, the performance in wavelength scanning and intensity coding is significantly superior to related studies, and the accuracy in wide-band target spectral modulation is comparable to international standards. This provides key technical support for precision spectral analysis, dynamic optical detection, and adaptive imaging, and offers theoretical basis and technical support for promoting innovative applications in materials characterization, biomedical detection, and other fields.

[0151] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0152] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system, characterized in that, It includes a halogen tungsten lamp light source, a spectral modulation optical system, a DMD, a beam mixing system, and a uniform projection system arranged in sequence; The halogen tungsten lamp light source is used to emit a broadband light beam; The spectral modulation optical system adopts a cross-type Czerny-Turner optical path structure, including a slit, a collimating mirror, a blazed grating and a focusing mirror arranged in sequence, for spectral dispersion processing of broadband beams. The spectral modulation optical system has a spectral resolution better than 1nm in the 360nm~800nm ​​band, and the RMS radius in the Y direction is less than 7μm, which is smaller than a micro-pixel size of a DMD. The DMD is used to receive the dispersive spectral lines processed by the spectral modulation optical system and to compensate and modulate them. The beam mixing system includes a focusing lens and an integrating sphere, used to converge, mix, and homogenize the beam modulated by the DMD. The uniform projection system employs a dual Gaussian projection lens structure to uniformly project and output the homogenized light beam. The root mean square radius of each field point diagram of the uniform projection system is smaller than AiryRadius. It also includes a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting method, which includes the following steps: Step 1: A halogen tungsten lamp light source emits a broadband beam of light. This beam passes sequentially through a slit, a collimating mirror, a blazed grating, and a focusing mirror within the spectral modulation optical system, and then forms a dispersive spectral line distribution on the DMD. Step 2: Establish a multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting multi-physical characteristic coupling model, including spatial-spectral distribution modeling from the light source to the slit, spectral dispersion and energy distribution modeling from the slit to the DMD surface, spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation mechanism modeling, and integrating sphere-double Gaussian cooperative transport modeling. The modeling of the spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation mechanism includes:

1. Discretization of DMD modulation function for; ; in, Let be the DMD modulation matrix, representing the first... A microscope in time state, The spacing between the micromirrors Let be the reflection field function of a single micromirror in the DMD. ； in, The side length of a single micromirror. The tilt angle of the microscope; It is a comb function; 2. Inverse mapping of spectral distortion for ； 3. Assume the flat-field energy distribution on the DMD surface is as follows: , The point spread function of the system, which is composed of optical aberrations, micromirror diffraction effects, etc., represents the light intensity distribution on the DMD surface. for ； By adjusting This makes the actual light intensity distribution approximate the flat-field energy distribution, and the energy gain attenuation coefficient... Adjust the formula to ; in, For learning rate, Obtained through calibration; Step 3: Based on the aforementioned multi-physical coupling model, spectral distortion and nonlinear energy distribution compensation and modulation of the dispersive spectral lines are performed using DMD; Step 4: The beam modulated by DMD is focused by the focusing lens and then converged into the integrating sphere for light mixing and homogenization; Step 5: The homogenized light beam is output through a uniform projection system to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting.

2. The multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2, the spatial-spectral distribution modeling from the light source to the slit, includes: 2.1 Spatial-spectral distribution characteristic function of halogen tungsten lamps for: ； in, The spectral power distribution of a halogen tungsten lamp. Let λ be the wavelength of light, and (x, y) be the spatial coordinates of the rays in the radiation spectrum of the light source. Let be the Gaussian radius of the light source. , is Planck's constant. At the speed of light, Boltzmann's constant, This is the blackbody temperature, which is the equivalent temperature of a halogen tungsten lamp. 2.2 Transmission function of the slit for: ； in, , The width of the slit opening in the x and y directions is expressed in mm. 2.3 Optical field distribution after slit spatial filtering for: 。 3. The multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2, modeling the spectral dispersion and energy distribution from the slit to the DMD surface, includes: 3.1 Expanding the grating equation to third-order nonlinear terms Represented as ； ； in, The center wavelength, The linear dispersion coefficient is... The non-dispersion coefficient, The grating constant is For grating diffraction orders, The radius of curvature of the grating. The diffraction angle designed for the grating The focal length of the grating; 3.2 Wavefront Distortion Represented using Zernike polynomials: ； in, These are the coefficients of the Zernike polynomial. For Zernike polynomials, The radius of curvature of the spherical mirror; coefficient ； in For the design wavelength; 3.3 Surface light intensity distribution of DMD Represented as: ； in, This is the inverse Fourier transform operator. This represents the complex amplitude distribution of the incident light in the frequency domain after passing through the slit. Phase factor introduced for DMD micromirror modulation. The diffraction efficiency of the grating.

4. The multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2, the integration sphere-double Gaussian cooperative transport modeling, includes: The radiative transfer equation of the integrating sphere is: ； in, For the spectral distribution entering the integrating sphere, This represents the percentage of the area of ​​the integrating sphere port. , Let the area of ​​the integrating sphere port be . This represents the total area of ​​the inner wall of the integrating sphere. The reflectivity of the inner wall of the integrating sphere; The transfer function of the double Gaussian projection mirror group is ； Among them, the transfer function of a single lens , and These are spatial frequency components.

5. A multi-degree-of-freedom programmable lighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the output illumination exhibits a maximum peak wavelength error of 0.25 nm within the 380 nm to 780 nm band, with a spot uniformity better than 95.85%; the linearity of the intensity encoding is better than 0.9992; and it performs well against standard light source A and standard light source B. The spectral modulation errors were -1.78% and -0.86%, respectively.

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