Cable support size design method and device for tunnel

Abstract

The invention provides a cable support size design method and device for a tunnel, and relates to the technical field of cable support design, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the parameter information of a cable support; establishing a finite element model of the cable bracket through the parameter information; performing structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters of different tunnel heights; the finite element model is subjected to multi-target parameter optimization, optimal diagonal bracing size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters of different tunnel heights are obtained based on safety requirements, and target functions and constraint conditions of multi-target parameter optimization are obtained through analysis parameter construction; and designing an actual cable bracket of the tunnel based on the optimal corbel size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters of the different tunnel heights. According to the invention, the problem that the load demand change at different mounting positions is not considered during the size design of the existing cable bracket is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable support design, and in particular to a method and device for designing the size of a cable support for a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Railway tunnels are used to lay electrified railways for locomotives, requiring the installation of cables and pipelines. Tunnels can be horseshoe-shaped, circular, or arched. The installation of cable supports within railway tunnels is complex due to the diverse mounting locations and load requirements. Furthermore, the curved shape of the tunnel cross-section causes the forces on the supports to vary with the mounting location. Therefore, it is necessary to design a suitable cable support structure for each installation location and load requirement, and to adopt a reasonable design method to meet these diverse requirements.

[0003] Current design methods are mostly based on experience and pre-set standards. While these methods can meet general design requirements, they often lack the precision to adapt to different tunnel shapes, loads, and construction environments. With the continuous development of tunnel engineering and the advancement of electrified railway technology, the size and structure of cable supports require more personalized and refined design to meet the actual needs of different tunnel conditions. Traditional design methods are unable to dynamically adjust to various complex conditions, resulting in the potential for the designed cable supports to be inappropriate in actual application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for designing cable bracket dimensions for tunnels to improve the above-mentioned problem. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for designing cable support dimensions for a tunnel, comprising:

[0006] Get the parameter information of the cable bracket;

[0007] Establishing a finite element model of the cable support using the parameter information, wherein the optimization parameters of the finite element model include the size parameters of the inclined support and the size parameters of the support arm;

[0008] Performing structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters for different tunnel heights;

[0009] Performing multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model to obtain optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, wherein the objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-objective parameter optimization are constructed using the analysis parameters;

[0010] The actual cable support of the tunnel is designed based on the optimal support arm size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters of the different tunnel heights.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a device for designing cable support dimensions for a tunnel, comprising:

[0012] An acquisition module, used to obtain parameter information of the cable bracket;

[0013] A construction module, configured to establish a finite element model of the cable support using the parameter information, wherein the optimization parameters of the finite element model include dimensional parameters of the inclined support and dimensional parameters of the support arm;

[0014] An analysis module, configured to perform structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters for different tunnel heights;

[0015] an optimization module, configured to perform multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model, and obtain optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, wherein the objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-objective parameter optimization are constructed using the analysis parameters;

[0016] The design module is used to design an actual cable support for the tunnel based on the optimal support arm size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters of the different tunnel heights.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention constructs a finite element model of the cable bracket, calculates the dangerous section internal force and support installation angle coefficient of the most unfavorable dangerous section, and adaptively changes the size of the cable bracket, the installation angle of the oblique support, and the support spring tension to adapt to different installation heights and cable loads, so that the design can meet strict safety requirements, ensure that the cable bracket can withstand various loads under actual working conditions, and avoid structural failure due to unreasonable design.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the embodiments of the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for designing cable support dimensions for a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cable support in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an oblique support in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic cross-sectional view of the support arm in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] This embodiment provides a method for designing cable support dimensions for a tunnel.

[0028] See also Figure 1 , the figure shows that the method includes step S100, step S200, step S300, step S400 and step S500.

[0029] Step S100: obtaining parameter information of the cable support;

[0030] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the cable bracket is as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the cable bracket includes a chassis, bolt holes, a support arm and an oblique support, the oblique support includes a support rod and a support spring, and the oblique support is detachable.

[0031] Specifically, the chassis is mounted against the tunnel wall according to the corresponding deflection angles achieved at different installation positions, with a support arm mounted laterally within. Two bolt holes are symmetrically located on the base plate, through which bolts secure the chassis to the tunnel wall. One end of the support arm is fixed to the chassis, while the other end is a cantilevered end, extending laterally outward. One end of the diagonal support is attached to the chassis, while the other end is attached to the support arm.

[0032] At the same time, the cable bracket is provided with two support bases, one support base is installed on the chassis, and the other support base is installed on the support arm. One end of the oblique support is connected to the chassis through a rotating fulcrum on one support base, and the other end of the oblique support is connected to the support arm through a rotating fulcrum on the other support base, and the support rod and the support spring are connected through a knob, and the support spring can be stretched by turning the knob to provide tension.

[0033] like Figure 3 The figure shows a cross-section of a bracket arm, which is welded together from two square bracket arms with top openings, back to back. The top opening has an inward-curved hook at the edge, which is used to clamp the cable trough fixing clip. Here, e represents the outer diameter of the inward-curved hook, h represents the width of the bracket arm, b represents the thickness of the bracket arm, d represents the height of the bracket arm, and t represents the cross-sectional thickness of the bracket arm. The cross-sectional thickness t, the outer diameter e of the inward-curved hook, and the width h of the bracket arm are fixed values ​​to meet the installation requirements of the cable clamp.

[0034] Step S200: establishing a finite element model of the cable support using the parameter information, wherein the optimization parameters of the finite element model include the size parameters of the inclined support and the size parameters of the support arm;

[0035] The step S200 includes:

[0036] Step S201: establishing a finite element model of a cable bracket using the parameter information, wherein the cable bracket includes a chassis, bolt holes, a support arm, and an oblique support, wherein the oblique support includes a support rod and a support spring;

[0037] Step S202: setting the connection between the bolt and the chassis and the two ends of the diagonal support in the finite element model as a shared grid;

[0038] Step S203: setting displacement constraints on the inner side of the chassis and the studs in the finite element model, and setting the boundary conditions of the bolt holes on the chassis as elastic constraints;

[0039] Step S204: the size of the support rod and the angle between the support rod and the support arm are used as the oblique support size parameters, and the single back thickness and height of the support arm are used as the support arm size parameters.

[0040] Step S300: performing structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters for different tunnel heights;

[0041] The step S300 includes:

[0042] Step S301: Obtain chassis deflection angles of the cable support corresponding to different tunnel heights;

[0043] In this embodiment, the chassis deflection angle is measured based on the curvature of the tunnel wall at the cable bracket installation position, or is determined based on the setting height using a tunnel cross-section drawing.

[0044] Step S302: After inputting the preset optimization parameters and the chassis deflection angle into the finite element model, a load is applied separately. The load includes the cable gravity load and the cable bracket's own gravity load. The cable gravity load is set on the support arm of the cable bracket. The cable gravity load is calculated based on the installation spacing of multiple cable brackets and the number of cables installed in a single cable bracket.

[0045] In this embodiment, the expression of the cable gravity load is:

[0046] F D =g*s*W*k

[0047] Where, F D represents the cable gravity load, g represents the gravity coefficient, s represents the installation spacing of the cable brackets, W represents the mass of the cable per meter, and k represents the number of cables installed in a single cable bracket.

[0048] Step S303: performing structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model with a single load applied thereto to obtain stress distribution, and obtaining a dangerous section position through the stress distribution, wherein the dangerous section position is a section position with the maximum stress;

[0049] Step S304: applying the tension of the support spring to the finite element model separately, and performing structural mechanics finite element analysis based on the dangerous section position to obtain the most unfavorable dangerous section and support installation angle coefficient corresponding to the chassis deflection angle;

[0050] The step S304 includes:

[0051] Step A1: After applying the tension of the support spring to the finite element model, a structural mechanics finite element analysis is performed to obtain the maximum normal stress at the dangerous section position and the maximum equivalent stress at the dangerous section position;

[0052] Step A2: calculating a first safety factor according to the maximum normal stress at the dangerous section position and the maximum equivalent stress at the dangerous section position;

[0053] Step A3: changing the tension of the support spring, and taking the tension of the support spring when the first safety factor is a preset threshold as the limit tension;

[0054] Step A4: After applying the ultimate tensile force and the cable gravity load together to the finite element model, a structural mechanics finite element analysis is performed to obtain the most unfavorable dangerous section corresponding to the chassis deflection angle, where the most unfavorable dangerous section is the section position where the stress is maximum under the ultimate tensile force and the cable gravity load;

[0055] Step A5: Obtain the dangerous section internal force of the most unfavorable dangerous section, and calculate the support installation angle coefficient through the ultimate tension and the dangerous section internal force.

[0056] In this embodiment, the tension of the support spring when the first safety factor is 2 is used as the ultimate tension, and the support installation angle coefficient is actually the ratio of the internal force of the dangerous section to the corresponding ultimate tension. When the angle between the support rod and the support arm is different, that is, when the oblique support installation angle is changed, the size of the support installation angle coefficient will change accordingly, so the maximization of the support installation angle coefficient is set as the objective function.

[0057] Step S305: Calculating analysis parameters of the most unfavorable dangerous section at different tunnel heights, the analysis parameters including rod elongation, rod slenderness ratio and maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

[0058] The step S305 includes:

[0059] Step B1: Calculating the elongation of the support rod according to the ultimate tensile force corresponding to the most unfavorable dangerous section, the elastic modulus of the support rod, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the support rod;

[0060] In this embodiment, the calculation formula for the rod elongation is:

[0061]

[0062] A=b′h′

[0063] Where δ represents the elongation of the rod, F T It represents the ultimate tensile force corresponding to the most unfavorable dangerous section, E represents the elastic modulus of the support rod, A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the support rod, b′ represents the cross-sectional width of the support rod, and h′ represents the cross-sectional height of the support rod.

[0064] Step B2: Calculate the section moment of inertia of the support rod according to the section width and section height of the support rod;

[0065] Step B3: Calculating the cross-sectional inertia radius of the support rod according to the cross-sectional inertia moment and the cross-sectional area;

[0066] Step B4: Calculating the slenderness ratio of the rod according to the cross-sectional inertia radius and the length of the supporting rod;

[0067] In this embodiment, the calculation formula for the slenderness ratio of the rod is:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Where λ represents the slenderness ratio of the rod, L′ represents the length of the support rod, r represents the cross-sectional inertia radius of the support rod, I represents the cross-sectional inertia moment of the support rod, A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the support rod, b′ represents the cross-sectional width of the support rod, and h′ represents the cross-sectional height of the support rod.

[0071] Step B5: obtaining the internal force generated by the ultimate tension at the most unfavorable dangerous section;

[0072] Step B6: Calculate the first stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section based on the internal force generated by the ultimate tension at the most unfavorable dangerous section, the height of the support arm, the outer diameter of the inward curved hook of the support arm, and the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the support arm section, where the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the support arm section is calculated based on the dimensions of the support arm;

[0073] Step B7: Calculate the bending moment along the y-axis at the most unfavorable dangerous section according to the cable gravity load and the distance between the most unfavorable dangerous section and the cable gravity load bearing position;

[0074] Step B8: Calculate the maximum normal stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section by the bending moment along the y-axis at the most unfavorable dangerous section, the height of the support arm, the outer diameter of the inward curved hook of the support arm, and the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the cross section of the support arm;

[0075] Step B9: Calculating the maximum equivalent stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section by the shear stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the maximum normal stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section;

[0076] Step B10: Calculate the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section by using the maximum equivalent stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the first stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

[0077] In this embodiment, the calculation formula for the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section is:

[0078]

[0079] M y =F D L

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] σ0=σ2-σ1

[0083] Where M1 represents the internal force generated by the ultimate tension at the most unfavorable dangerous section, σ1 represents the first stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section, d represents the height of the support arm, e represents the outer diameter of the inner curved hook, M y Indicates the bending moment along the y-axis at the most unfavorable dangerous section, F D Indicates the cable gravity load, L indicates the distance between the most unfavorable dangerous section and the cable gravity load bearing position, I y represents the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the cross section of the support arm, h represents the width of the support arm, b represents the single back thickness of the support arm, t represents the cross-sectional thickness of the support arm, σ represents the maximum normal stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section, τ represents the shear stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section, A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the supporting rod, σ2 represents the maximum equivalent stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section, and σ0 represents the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

[0084] Step S400: performing multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model to obtain optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, wherein the objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-objective parameter optimization are constructed using the analysis parameters;

[0085] The step S400 includes:

[0086] Step S401: Calculating a second safety factor based on the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the allowable stress of the material;

[0087] In this embodiment, the expression of the second safety factor is:

[0088] η=σ s / σ0

[0089] Where η represents the second safety factor, σ0 represents the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section, and σ s Indicates the allowable stress of the material.

[0090] Step S402: constructing a first constraint condition by using the elongation of the rod and the slenderness ratio of the rod, and constructing a second constraint condition by using the height-to-width ratio of the support arm;

[0091] In this embodiment, the first constraint is δ ≤ 0.5% and λ ≤ 200. The second constraint is that the width-to-height ratio of the support arm is less than 1, where δ represents the elongation of the member and λ represents the slenderness ratio of the member. A third constraint is also included, namely, a second safety factor η > 2.

[0092] At the same time, according to actual requirements, constraints on the single back thickness of the support arm and the height of the support arm can also be set, that is, multiple preselected design values ​​or corresponding preselected design ranges corresponding to the single back thickness and height of the support arm can be set, and multiple optimal values ​​can be obtained through optimization.

[0093] Step S403: Taking maximizing the second safety factor, minimizing the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section, and maximizing the support installation angle coefficient as optimization objectives, multi-objective parameter optimization is performed on the finite element model at different tunnel heights to obtain the optimal parameter solution set at different tunnel heights;

[0094] Step S404: Calculate the material usage of the support arm for each parameter combination in the optimal parameter solution set, and select the parameter combination with the least material usage of the support arm as the optimal inclined support size parameters and the optimal support size parameters corresponding to the tunnel height.

[0095] Step S500: designing an actual cable support for the tunnel based on the optimal support arm size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters for the different tunnel heights.

[0096] Example 2:

[0097] In this embodiment, a tunnel is taken as an example, and the chassis deflection angles at different tunnel heights are determined using the cross-sectional drawings of the tunnel. The optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal support arm size parameters of the tunnel are calculated using the method of the present invention.

[0098] Specifically, taking a 5m tunnel height as an example, the chassis deflection angle is 64.45°, the elastic modulus E of the support rod is 193GPa, the stiffness of the design support spring is 4000N / m, the stretching amount is 9cm, and the allowable stress σ of the material is s The pressure is 205Mpa, and according to the cable clamp installation requirements, the width h of the support arm is determined to be 41mm, and the outer diameter e of the inner curved hook is 7mm. The cable bracket is used to carry a single cable, and its model is ZC-YJLW03-Z-127 / 220-1×2500mm 2 .

[0099] When the installation spacing of the cable bracket is selected to be 4.5m, the pre-selected design values ​​of the single back thickness of the support arm are set to 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm and 3.5mm, and the pre-selected design values ​​of the height of the support arm are set to 41mm, 33mm and 25mm.

[0100] Through optimization calculation, the maximum support installation angle coefficient is 0.059, the ultimate tensile force is 366N, the optimal installation angle is 22.6°, the length of the support rod is 109mm, the cross-sectional height of the support rod is 1.9mm, the cross-sectional width of the support rod is 1.3mm, the height of the support arm is 41mm, the single back thickness of the support arm is 3mm, and the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section under this working condition is 81.86Mpa, the second safety factor is 2.50, among which the optimal installation angle is the optimal angle between the support rod and the support arm.

[0101] In summary, the method of the present invention takes into account the variations in tunnel heights and employs an optimization algorithm to adjust the cable support design based on the actual height and structural form of each tunnel. By optimizing multiple dimensional parameters, the cable support is ensured to provide optimal load-bearing capacity under various tunnel conditions. Compared to traditional empirical design methods, this numerical simulation-based approach is more accurate and reliable, reduces design deviations, improves design feasibility, and can meet strict safety requirements, ensuring that the cable support can withstand various loads under actual operating conditions and avoiding structural failure due to unreasonable design.

[0102] Example 3:

[0103] This embodiment provides a device for designing cable support dimensions for a tunnel, the device comprising:

[0104] An acquisition module, used to obtain parameter information of the cable bracket;

[0105] A construction module, configured to establish a finite element model of the cable support using the parameter information, wherein the optimization parameters of the finite element model include dimensional parameters of the inclined support and dimensional parameters of the support arm;

[0106] An analysis module, configured to perform structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters for different tunnel heights;

[0107] an optimization module, configured to perform multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model, and obtain optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, wherein the objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-objective parameter optimization are constructed using the analysis parameters;

[0108] The design module is used to design an actual cable support for the tunnel based on the optimal support arm size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters of the different tunnel heights.

[0109] The building blocks include:

[0110] A first construction unit is configured to establish a finite element model of a cable bracket using the parameter information, wherein the cable bracket includes a chassis, bolt holes, a support arm, and an oblique support, wherein the oblique support includes a support rod and a support spring;

[0111] A first setting unit is used to set the connection between the bolt and the chassis and the two ends of the diagonal support in the finite element model as a shared grid;

[0112] a second setting unit, configured to set displacement constraints on the inner side of the chassis and the studs in the finite element model, and to set boundary conditions of the bolt holes at the chassis as elastic constraints;

[0113] The third setting unit is used to use the size of the support rod and the angle between the support rod and the support arm as the oblique support size parameters, and use the single back thickness and height of the support arm as the support arm size parameters.

[0114] The analysis module includes:

[0115] an acquisition unit, used to acquire chassis deflection angles of the cable support corresponding to different tunnel heights;

[0116] An input unit, configured to input preset optimization parameters and the chassis deflection angle into the finite element model and then separately apply a load, wherein the load includes a cable gravity load and a cable bracket gravity load. The cable gravity load is set on the support arm of the cable bracket and is calculated based on the installation spacing of multiple cable brackets and the number of cables installed in a single cable bracket.

[0117] The first analysis unit is used to perform structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model with a single load applied thereto to obtain stress distribution and obtain a dangerous section position through the stress distribution, where the dangerous section position is the section position with the maximum stress;

[0118] a second analysis unit, configured to apply a tension force of a support spring to the finite element model alone, and perform a structural mechanics finite element analysis based on the dangerous section position to obtain a most unfavorable dangerous section and a support installation angle coefficient corresponding to a chassis deflection angle;

[0119] The third analysis unit is used to calculate analysis parameters of the most unfavorable dangerous section at different tunnel heights, wherein the analysis parameters include rod elongation, rod slenderness ratio and maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

[0120] The optimization module includes:

[0121] A first calculation unit is used to calculate a second safety factor according to the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the allowable stress of the material;

[0122] A second construction unit is configured to construct a first constraint condition by using the elongation of the rod and the slenderness ratio of the rod, and to construct a second constraint condition by using the height-to-width ratio of the support arm;

[0123] The optimization unit is used to perform multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model at different tunnel heights with the optimization objectives of maximizing the second safety factor, minimizing the maximum stress in the most unfavorable dangerous section, and maximizing the support installation angle coefficient, and obtain the optimal parameter solution set at different tunnel heights;

[0124] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the material used for the support arm of each parameter combination in the optimal parameter solution set, and select the parameter combination with the least material used for the support arm as the optimal inclined support size parameter and the optimal support size parameter corresponding to the tunnel height.

[0125] It should be noted that, regarding the apparatus in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0126] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0127] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing cable support dimensions for tunnels, characterized in that: include: Get the parameter information of the cable bracket; Establishing a finite element model of the cable support using the parameter information, wherein the optimization parameters of the finite element model include the size parameters of the inclined support and the size parameters of the support arm; Performing structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters for different tunnel heights; Performing multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model to obtain optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, wherein the objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-objective parameter optimization are constructed using the analysis parameters; The actual cable support of the tunnel is designed based on the optimal support arm size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters of the different tunnel heights.

2. The cable support size design method for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that The finite element model of the cable bracket is established by using the parameter information, and the optimization parameters of the finite element model include the inclined support size parameters and the support arm size parameters, including: Establishing a finite element model of a cable bracket using the parameter information, wherein the cable bracket includes a chassis, bolt holes, a support arm, and an oblique support, wherein the oblique support includes a support rod and a support spring; Setting the connection between the bolt and the chassis and the two ends of the diagonal support in the finite element model as a shared grid; Setting displacement constraints on the inner side of the chassis and the studs in the finite element model, and setting boundary conditions of the bolt holes at the chassis as elastic constraints; The size of the supporting rod and the angle between the supporting rod and the support arm are used as the size parameters of the inclined support, and the single back thickness and height of the support arm are used as the size parameters of the support arm.

3. The cable support size design method for tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that The structural mechanics finite element analysis of the finite element model is performed based on the preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters of different tunnel heights, including: Obtain the chassis deflection angle of the cable bracket corresponding to different tunnel heights; After inputting the preset optimization parameters and the chassis deflection angle into the finite element model, a load is applied separately. The load includes the cable gravity load and the cable bracket's own gravity load. The cable gravity load is set on the support arm of the cable bracket. The cable gravity load is calculated based on the installation spacing of multiple cable brackets and the number of cables installed in a single cable bracket. Performing structural mechanics finite element analysis on a finite element model with a single load applied to obtain stress distribution, and obtaining a dangerous section position through the stress distribution, wherein the dangerous section position is a section position with the maximum stress; Applying the tension of the support spring to the finite element model separately, and performing structural mechanics finite element analysis based on the dangerous section position to obtain the most unfavorable dangerous section and support installation angle coefficient corresponding to the chassis deflection angle; Calculate the analysis parameters of the most unfavorable dangerous section at different tunnel heights, including the rod elongation, the rod slenderness ratio and the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

4. The method for designing cable support dimensions for a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that The method of applying the tension of the support spring to the finite element model separately and performing structural mechanics finite element analysis based on the dangerous section position to obtain the most unfavorable dangerous section corresponding to the chassis deflection angle includes: After applying the tension of the support spring to the finite element model alone, a structural mechanics finite element analysis is performed to obtain the maximum normal stress at the dangerous section position and the maximum equivalent stress at the dangerous section position; Calculating a first safety factor by using the maximum normal stress at the dangerous section position and the maximum equivalent stress at the dangerous section position; Changing the tension of the support spring, and taking the tension of the support spring when the first safety factor is at a preset threshold as the limit tension; After the ultimate tensile force and the cable gravity load are jointly applied to the finite element model, a structural mechanics finite element analysis is performed to obtain the most unfavorable dangerous section corresponding to the chassis deflection angle, wherein the most unfavorable dangerous section is the section position where the stress is maximum under the ultimate tensile force and the cable gravity load; The dangerous section internal force of the most unfavorable dangerous section is obtained, and the support installation angle coefficient is calculated according to the ultimate tension and the dangerous section internal force.

5. The cable support size design method for tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that The analysis parameters for calculating the most unfavorable dangerous sections at different tunnel heights include: Calculating the elongation of the rod according to the ultimate tensile force corresponding to the most unfavorable dangerous section, the elastic modulus of the support rod and the cross-sectional area of ​​the support rod; Calculate the section moment of inertia of the support rod based on the section width and section height of the support rod; Calculating a cross-sectional inertia radius of the support rod according to the cross-sectional inertia moment and the cross-sectional area; Calculating the slenderness ratio of the rod according to the cross-sectional inertia radius and the length of the supporting rod; Obtaining the internal force generated by the ultimate tension at the most unfavorable dangerous section; Calculate the first stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section by the internal force generated by the ultimate tension at the most unfavorable dangerous section, the height of the support arm, the outer diameter of the inner curved hook of the support arm, and the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the support arm section, wherein the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the support arm section is calculated based on the size of the support arm; Calculate the bending moment along the y-axis at the most unfavorable dangerous section according to the cable gravity load and the distance between the most unfavorable dangerous section and the cable gravity load bearing position; Calculate the maximum normal stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section by the bending moment along the y-axis at the most unfavorable dangerous section, the height of the support arm, the outer diameter of the inward curved hook of the support arm, and the moment of inertia along the y-axis at the cross section of the support arm; Calculate the maximum equivalent stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section by the shear stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the maximum normal stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section; The maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section is calculated by the maximum equivalent stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the first stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

6. The method for designing cable support dimensions for tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that The multi-objective parameter optimization of the finite element model is performed to obtain the optimal diagonal support size parameters and the optimal support arm size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, including: Calculate the second safety factor by the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the allowable stress of the material; A first constraint condition is constructed by the elongation of the rod and the slenderness ratio of the rod, and a second constraint condition is constructed by the height-to-width ratio of the support arm; With the optimization objectives of maximizing the second safety factor, minimizing the maximum stress in the most unfavorable dangerous section, and maximizing the support installation angle coefficient, a multi-objective parameter optimization was performed on the finite element model at different tunnel heights to obtain the optimal parameter solution set at different tunnel heights. The material used for the corbel of each parameter combination in the optimal parameter solution set is calculated, and the parameter combination with the least corbel material used is selected as the optimal inclined support size parameters and the optimal corbel size parameters corresponding to the tunnel height.

7. A device for designing cable support dimensions for tunnels, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to obtain parameter information of the cable bracket; A construction module, configured to establish a finite element model of the cable support using the parameter information, wherein the optimization parameters of the finite element model include dimensional parameters of the inclined support and dimensional parameters of the support arm; An analysis module, configured to perform structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model based on preset optimization parameters to obtain analysis parameters for different tunnel heights; an optimization module, configured to perform multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model, and obtain optimal diagonal support size parameters and optimal corbel size parameters for different tunnel heights based on safety requirements, wherein the objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-objective parameter optimization are constructed using the analysis parameters; The design module is used to design an actual cable support for the tunnel based on the optimal support arm size parameters and the optimal inclined support size parameters of the different tunnel heights.

8. The cable support size design device for tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The building blocks include: A first construction unit is configured to establish a finite element model of a cable bracket using the parameter information, wherein the cable bracket includes a chassis, bolt holes, a support arm, and an oblique support, wherein the oblique support includes a support rod and a support spring; A first setting unit is used to set the connection between the bolt and the chassis and the two ends of the diagonal support in the finite element model as a shared grid; a second setting unit, configured to set displacement constraints on the inner side of the chassis and the studs in the finite element model, and to set boundary conditions of the bolt holes at the chassis as elastic constraints; The third setting unit is used to use the size of the support rod and the angle between the support rod and the support arm as the oblique support size parameters, and use the single back thickness and height of the support arm as the support arm size parameters.

9. The cable support size design device for a tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The analysis module includes: an acquisition unit, used to acquire chassis deflection angles of the cable support corresponding to different tunnel heights; An input unit, configured to input preset optimization parameters and the chassis deflection angle into the finite element model and then separately apply a load, wherein the load includes a cable gravity load and a cable bracket gravity load. The cable gravity load is set on the support arm of the cable bracket and is calculated based on the installation spacing of multiple cable brackets and the number of cables installed in a single cable bracket. The first analysis unit is used to perform structural mechanics finite element analysis on the finite element model with a single load applied thereto to obtain stress distribution and obtain a dangerous section position through the stress distribution, where the dangerous section position is the section position with the maximum stress; a second analysis unit, configured to apply a tension force of a support spring to the finite element model alone, and perform a structural mechanics finite element analysis based on the dangerous section position to obtain a most unfavorable dangerous section and a support installation angle coefficient corresponding to a chassis deflection angle; The third analysis unit is used to calculate analysis parameters of the most unfavorable dangerous section at different tunnel heights, wherein the analysis parameters include rod elongation, rod slenderness ratio and maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section.

10. The cable support size design device for a tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: The optimization module includes: A first calculation unit is used to calculate a second safety factor according to the maximum stress of the most unfavorable dangerous section and the allowable stress of the material; A second construction unit is configured to construct a first constraint condition by using the elongation of the rod and the slenderness ratio of the rod, and to construct a second constraint condition by using the height-to-width ratio of the support arm; The optimization unit is used to perform multi-objective parameter optimization on the finite element model at different tunnel heights with the optimization objectives of maximizing the second safety factor, minimizing the maximum stress in the most unfavorable dangerous section, and maximizing the support installation angle coefficient, and obtain the optimal parameter solution set at different tunnel heights; The second calculation unit is used to calculate the material used for the support arm of each parameter combination in the optimal parameter solution set, and select the parameter combination with the least material used for the support arm as the optimal inclined support size parameter and the optimal support size parameter corresponding to the tunnel height.

Images