Fuel cell power generation system

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system. The system comprises a fuel cell, a solid hydrogen storage device, a heat storage module, a temperature sensor, a gaseous hydrogen storage device and a flow adjusting valve, the water outlet end of the fuel cell is communicated with the heat storage module through the flow adjusting valve, and the inlet end of the fuel cell is communicated with the outlet end of the solid hydrogen storage device and the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage device; the heat storage module is used for supplying heat to the solid hydrogen storage device; the temperature sensor is used for detecting the outlet water temperature of the fuel cell; under the condition that the outlet water temperature is lower than a first preset temperature threshold value, the flow adjusting valve is in a first state, and a first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is closed; and under the condition that the water outlet temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature threshold value, the flow adjusting valve is in a second state, and a first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is opened. The method can improve the heat utilization rate of the fuel cell power generation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power generation, and in particular to a fuel cell power generation system. Background Art

[0002] At present, hydrogen storage devices are usually used to supply hydrogen to fuel cells so that the fuel cells can generate electricity using the supplied hydrogen as fuel. Heat will be emitted during the power generation process, and overheating of the fuel cell will affect the battery life. Therefore, a heat dissipation module needs to be installed on the fuel cell to cool the fuel cell and thus ensure the battery life of the fuel cell. However, this results in the heat generated by the fuel cell not being utilized. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell power generation system that can improve the heat utilization rate of the fuel cell in order to solve the above technical problems.

[0004] The present application provides a fuel cell power generation system. The system includes: a fuel cell, a solid-state hydrogen storage device, a heat storage module, a temperature sensor, a gaseous hydrogen storage device, and a flow control valve. The water outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the heat storage module via the flow control valve, and the inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the outlet of the gaseous hydrogen storage device respectively; the heat storage module is used to provide heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage device; and the temperature sensor is used to detect the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell.

[0005] When the outlet water temperature is lower than a first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a first state, and the first passage between the outlet water end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is closed;

[0006] When the outlet water temperature is not lower than a first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a second state, and the first passage between the outlet water end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is opened.

[0007] In one embodiment, the water outlet of the fuel cell and the water inlet of the fuel cell are connected through the flow regulating valve; when the battery temperature of the fuel cell is lower than a first preset battery temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in the first state, and the second passage between the water outlet and the water inlet of the fuel cell is opened.

[0008] In one embodiment, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell is not lower than a first preset battery temperature threshold and the outlet water temperature is lower than a second preset temperature threshold, the flow rate of the first passage is a first flow rate, and when the battery temperature of the fuel cell is not lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold and the outlet water temperature is not lower than the second preset temperature threshold, the flow rate of the first passage is a second flow rate, wherein the second preset temperature threshold is higher than the first preset temperature threshold, and the first flow rate is less than the second flow rate.

[0009] In one embodiment, the system further comprises a water pump, wherein the water pump is used to provide power for the water waiting to enter the inlet end of the fuel cell.

[0010] In one embodiment, the heat storage module is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell through the water pump.

[0011] In one embodiment, the system further includes: a pressure regulating valve, which is used to regulate the hydrogen supply pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the gaseous hydrogen storage device.

[0012] In one embodiment, the pressure regulating valve includes a first pressure regulating sub-valve and a second pressure regulating sub-valve, the first pressure regulating sub-valve is used to regulate the inlet pressure of the fuel cell, and the second pressure regulating sub-valve is used to regulate the outlet pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage device.

[0013] In one embodiment, the system further includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, wherein the first pressure sensor is arranged between the first pressure regulating sub-valve and the inlet end of the fuel cell, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on a third passage, which is a passage between the outlet converging point of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the gaseous hydrogen storage device and the first pressure regulating sub-valve.

[0014] In one embodiment, the system further includes a control module, which is configured to control the fuel cell to switch to a shutdown purge state in response to a shutdown instruction.

[0015] In one embodiment, when the fuel cell is in a shutdown and purge state, the solid-state hydrogen storage device is in a closed state;

[0016] When the cell temperature of the fuel cell is lower than a second preset cell temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a third state, and the first passage and the second passage are opened.

[0017] The above-mentioned fuel cell power generation system includes: a fuel cell, a solid-state hydrogen storage device, a heat storage module, a temperature sensor, a gaseous hydrogen storage device and a flow regulating valve, wherein the heat storage module is used to supply heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage device; the water outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the heat storage module through the regulating valve, and the inlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the outlet end of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage device respectively; the temperature sensor is used to detect the outlet water temperature of the fuel cell; when the outlet water temperature is lower than a first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a first state, and the first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is closed; when the outlet water temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a second state, and the first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is open.

[0018] In this way, when the fuel cell just uses the hydrogen supplied by the gaseous hydrogen storage device to generate electricity, the water outlet temperature will be lower than the first preset temperature threshold. At this time, the flow regulating valve is in the first state, and the first passage between the water outlet of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is closed. Then, water with a lower temperature will accumulate in the fuel cell, thereby promoting the power generation process of the fuel cell; and in the process of the fuel cell using the hydrogen supplied by the gaseous hydrogen storage device to generate electricity, the fuel cell will emit more and more heat, so that the water outlet temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature threshold. At this time, the flow regulating valve is in the second state, and water with a higher temperature will enter the heat storage module. Then, the heat storage module can supply heat to the solid hydrogen storage device through the water with a higher temperature. Therefore, the heat generated by the fuel cell is utilized, and the heat utilization rate of the fuel cell power generation system is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in one embodiment in which the water inlet and outlet of the fuel cell are connected via a flow regulating valve;

[0021] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in a scenario where the fuel cell power generation system further includes a water pump in one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in a scenario where the fuel cell power generation system further includes a first pressure regulating sub-valve, a second pressure regulating sub-valve, a first pressure sensor, and a second pressure sensor in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a fuel cell power generation system in a detailed embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0025] The fuel cell power generation system provided in the embodiment of the present application can be Figure 1 The fuel cell power generation system 10 includes: a fuel cell 11, a temperature sensor 12, a flow regulating valve 13, a heat storage module 14, a solid hydrogen storage device 15 and a gaseous hydrogen storage device 16.

[0026] The water outlet of the fuel cell 11 is connected to the heat storage module 14 via a flow regulating valve 13 , and the inlet of the fuel cell 11 is connected to the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage device 15 and the outlet of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 .

[0027] Optionally, the solid hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 may supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 11 through the inlet end of the fuel cell 11 .

[0028] Optionally, the fuel cell 11 may include a fuel cell stack and a package.

[0029] The heat storage module 14 is used to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 .

[0030] Optionally, the heat storage module 14 may be a water jacket or other device with heat conduction function.

[0031] The temperature sensor 12 is used to detect the outlet water temperature of the fuel cell 11 .

[0032] Optionally, the temperature sensor 12 may be provided between the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the flow regulating valve 13 .

[0033] Among them, when the outlet water temperature is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the first state, and the first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module is closed; when the outlet water temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the second state, and the first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14 is opened.

[0034] Optionally, the first preset temperature threshold can be set by the user as needed, or it can correspond to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15. Specifically, the first preset temperature threshold is greater than or equal to the required hydrogen supply temperature corresponding to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15, wherein the required hydrogen supply temperature is the minimum required temperature at which the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 can achieve hydrogen supply.

[0035] In this embodiment, when the fuel cell 11 just uses the hydrogen supplied by the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 to generate electricity, the outlet water temperature will be lower than the first preset temperature threshold. At this time, the flow regulating valve is in the first state, and the first passage between the water outlet end of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14 is closed. Then, water with a lower temperature will accumulate in the fuel cell 11, thereby promoting the power generation process of the fuel cell 11; and in the process of the fuel cell 11 using the hydrogen supplied by the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 to generate electricity, the fuel cell 11 will emit more and more heat, so that the outlet water temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature threshold. At this time, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the second state, and water with a higher temperature will enter the heat storage module. Then, the heat storage module 14 can supply heat to the solid hydrogen storage device 15 through the water with a higher temperature. Therefore, the heat generated by the fuel cell 11 is utilized, and the heat utilization rate of the fuel cell power generation system 10 is improved.

[0036] It is understandable that the fuel cell 11 itself requires a certain battery temperature to ensure the normal power generation operation of the fuel cell 11. Considering that even if the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 in the fuel cell power generation system 10 is not heated and cannot supply hydrogen, hydrogen can still be supplied through the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 to ensure that the fuel cell 11 has a stable hydrogen supply, therefore, the priority of the fuel cell 11 to ensure its own normal power generation operation is higher than the priority of the fuel cell 11 indirectly dissipating heat to the heat storage module 14.

[0037] Based on this, as an embodiment, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the first state, and the first passage between the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14 is closed.

[0038] The first preset battery temperature threshold may be set by the user as needed, or may correspond to the fuel cell 11 , specifically the minimum battery temperature required for the normal operation of the fuel cell 11 .

[0039] In this way, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold, that is, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is low and insufficient to meet the normal operation of the fuel cell 11, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the first state, so that the hot water formed in the fuel cell 11 does not flow into the heat storage module 14, so that it can accumulate in the fuel cell 11, thereby increasing the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 and ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell 11.

[0040] It can be understood that in the above content, the hot water formed in the fuel cell 11 will accumulate at the water outlet of the fuel cell 11. When the battery scale of the fuel cell 11 is large, it is easy for the temperature of the local area where the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 is located to be high, but the temperature of other areas of the fuel cell 11 away from the water outlet is low, resulting in a temperature difference inside the fuel cell 11 and a technical defect that affects the service life of the fuel cell 11.

[0041] In order to solve the above technical defects that affect the service life of the fuel cell 11, as another embodiment, refer to Figure 2 , the water outlet end of the fuel cell 11 is connected to the water inlet end of the fuel cell 11 through a flow regulating valve 13; when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the first state, and the second passage between the water outlet end and the water inlet end of the fuel cell 11 is opened.

[0042] When the flow regulating valve 13 is in the first state, the hot water formed in the fuel cell 11 does not flow into the heat storage module 14 , but all flows into the water inlet of the fuel cell through the flow regulating valve 13 .

[0043] In this way, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold, that is, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 cannot meet the normal operation of the fuel cell, the flow regulating valve 13 in the first state allows all the hot water formed in the fuel cell 11 to flow back to the fuel cell 11, forming a circulation path between the water inlet and outlet ends of the fuel cell 11, ensuring that the temperature difference between all areas of the fuel cell 11 is small, thereby ensuring the service life of the fuel cell 11.

[0044] It can be understood that the hydrogen supply requirement temperature corresponding to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 can be a temperature range. Then, although the lowest temperature in the temperature range can realize the hydrogen supply of the solid-state hydrogen supply device 15, the hydrogen supply effect is poor, and the highest temperature in the temperature range can ensure the best hydrogen supply effect of the solid-state hydrogen supply device 15.

[0045] Based on this, as an embodiment, when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is not lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold and the outlet water temperature is lower than the second preset temperature threshold, the flow rate of the first passage is the first flow rate, and when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is not lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold and the outlet water temperature is not lower than the second preset temperature threshold, the flow rate of the first passage is the second flow rate, wherein the second preset temperature threshold is higher than the first preset temperature threshold, and the first flow rate is less than the second flow rate.

[0046] The second preset temperature threshold is the lowest temperature that can ensure the normal hydrogen supply of the solid-state hydrogen supply device 15 .

[0047] The adjustment of the first circulation flow rate and the second circulation flow rate can be achieved by adjusting the valve opening of the flow regulating valve 13 .

[0048] As one embodiment, the flow regulating valve 13 includes a first valve arranged between the water outlet of the fuel cell and the heat storage module, and the flow regulating valve 13 includes a second valve arranged between the water outlet and the water inlet of the fuel cell; when the flow regulating valve 13 is in a first state, the first valve is closed and the second valve is open; the opening of the first valve corresponding to the first circulation flow is smaller than the opening of the first valve corresponding to the second flow.

[0049] Accordingly, considering that the first passage and the second passage are actually connected through the flow regulating valve 13, when the flow rate of the first passage is low, the flow rate of the second passage will be correspondingly higher, that is, the flow rate of hot water flowing back to the fuel cell 11 for circulating heat generation is larger, which can promote the heat generation of the fuel cell 11.

[0050] It is understandable that water in the first and second passages may not be able to flow normally. Based on this, a height difference can be set between the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14 (i.e., the solid-state hydrogen storage device) to allow gravity flow of water in the first or second passage. However, since the first and second passages only consist of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14, gravity flow can only be achieved in one of the passages at a time, and the other passage still has the technical defect of being unable to flow normally.

[0051] In order to overcome the technical defect that the above-mentioned passage cannot achieve normal circulation, as an embodiment, refer to Figure 3 The fuel cell power generation system 10 further includes a water pump 17 , which is disposed between the flow regulating valve 13 and the fuel cell 11 and is used to provide power for the water in the first passage or the second passage.

[0052] As one embodiment, the water pump 17 is arranged between the flow regulating valve 13 and the water inlet end of the fuel cell 11, and is used to provide power for the water in the second passage; the water pump is arranged between the flow regulating valve 13 and the water outlet end of the fuel cell 11, and is used to provide power for the water in the first passage.

[0053] In this way, normal circulation of water in the first passage and the second passage can be achieved.

[0054] It is understandable that, considering the limited water storage capacity of the heat storage module 14, when the heat storage module 14 is in a full water state, it is easy for the newly generated hot water of the fuel cell to be unable to enter the heat storage module 14 through the flow regulating valve 13, and the temperature of the water in the heat storage module 14 will slowly be transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15, thereby ultimately making it impossible for the water in the heat storage module 14 to provide heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15.

[0055] To solve the above problem, as an embodiment, the heat storage module 14 is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell 11 through a water pump 17 .

[0056] In this way, water circulation can be achieved among the heat storage module 14, the water pump 17, and the fuel cell 11. When the heat storage module 14 is full of water, the water in the heat storage module 14 can flow to the water inlet of the fuel cell 11 through the water pump 17, and the hot water in the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 can also enter the heat storage module 14 through the flow regulating valve 13, thereby realizing water circulation.

[0057] It is understandable that since the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 requires an external heat source to supply hydrogen, the pressure of the hydrogen supplied by the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 is unstable, while the normal operation of the fuel cell 11 requires a stable hydrogen supply pressure. Therefore, the hydrogen supply of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 is prone to technical defects that cannot meet the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0058] In order to overcome the technical defect that the hydrogen supply of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 is easily unable to meet the normal operation of the fuel cell 11, as an embodiment, the fuel cell power generation system 10 also includes: a pressure regulating valve, which is used to adjust the hydrogen supply pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16.

[0059] In this way, considering that the pressure of the hydrogen supplied by the solid hydrogen storage device 15 is unstable, the hydrogen supply pressure of the solid hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is regulated by a pressure regulating valve, so that the hydrogen supply pressure entering the fuel cell 11 is stable.

[0060] It is understandable that since the pressure of the hydrogen supplied by the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 is unstable, the pressure of the hydrogen supplied by the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is usually higher, and the hydrogen supply pressure required for the normal operation of the fuel cell 11 is relatively lower. Therefore, using only a single pressure regulating valve may have the technical defect of being unable to reduce the hydrogen supply pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 to the hydrogen supply pressure required for the normal operation of the fuel cell 11.

[0061] In order to overcome the above technical defect that the hydrogen supply pressure of the solid hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 cannot be reduced to the hydrogen supply pressure required for the normal operation of the fuel cell 11, as an embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , the pressure regulating valve includes a first pressure regulating sub-valve 18 and a second pressure regulating sub-valve 19; the fuel cell power generation system also includes a first pressure sensor 20 and a second pressure sensor 21;

[0062] Among them, the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18 is arranged between the outlet convergence point of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the inlet end of the fuel cell 11, and is used to regulate the inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11; the second pressure regulating sub-valve 19 is arranged between the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the outlet convergence point of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16, and is used to regulate the outlet pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16.

[0063] In this way, considering that the hydrogen pressure supplied by the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is relatively stable, the hydrogen supply ratio corresponding to the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 can be adjusted by the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18, thereby adjusting the mixed hydrogen supply pressure corresponding to the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the solid hydrogen storage device 15.

[0064] It can be understood that the volumetric hydrogen storage density of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is relatively low, and the volumetric hydrogen storage density of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 is relatively high. That is, if the same hydrogen supply is to be provided, the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is usually larger than the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15. Therefore, the proportion of hydrogen supply corresponding to the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 can be reduced, thereby ensuring low hydrogen supply cost and low mixed hydrogen supply pressure.

[0065] Among them, the first pressure sensor 20 is arranged between the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18 and the inlet end of the fuel cell 11, and the second pressure sensor 21 is arranged on the third passage, which is the passage between the outlet convergence point of the solid hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18.

[0066] In this way, the pressures detected by the first pressure sensor 20 and the second pressure sensor 21 can be used to accurately adjust the valve openings of the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18 and the second pressure regulating sub-valve 19 .

[0067] It is understandable that the fuel cell 11 needs to be purged when it is shut down. When the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is low, the purging time may be long, resulting in low purging efficiency.

[0068] Based on this, as an embodiment, the fuel cell power generation system 10 further includes a control module, which is configured to respond to a shutdown instruction and control the fuel cell 11 to switch to a shutdown purge state.

[0069] When the fuel cell 11 is in the shutdown and purging state, the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 is in the closed state; when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the second preset battery temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in the third state, and the first passage and the second passage are open.

[0070] The second preset battery temperature threshold is the minimum battery temperature required for the fuel cell 11 to be purged normally.

[0071] In this way, the heating of the fuel cell 11 can be promoted by reducing the amount of hot water entering the heat storage module 14 from the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 and increasing the amount of hot water returning from the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 to the water inlet of the fuel cell 11, thereby increasing the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 so that the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 meets the purge conditions, thereby ensuring the purge efficiency of the fuel cell 11.

[0072] Optionally, as an embodiment, the control module is configured to respond to a shutdown instruction and control the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 to be in a closed state.

[0073] Optionally, as an embodiment, the control module is configured to control the fuel cell 11 to be in a shutdown state when it is detected that the battery status information of the fuel cell 11 meets a preset shutdown state condition.

[0074] The battery status information is used to represent at least one of the battery voltage and the battery impedance. The battery voltage includes at least one of the single cell voltage and the total battery voltage. The preset shutdown state condition includes a preset battery voltage condition and a preset battery impedance condition. The preset battery voltage condition includes a condition below a preset battery voltage (for example, a single cell voltage below 0.4V and a total battery voltage below 4V). The preset battery impedance condition includes a condition above a preset battery impedance (for example, another impedance value such as 50 milliohms).

[0075] In this way, when the fuel cell power generation system 10 (in fact, the fuel cell 11) needs to be shut down, the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 are controlled to be in a closed state, so that the fuel cell 11 cannot continue to generate electricity and heat. The water in the fuel cell 11 will slowly cool down after circulating through the water circuit. Therefore, the fuel cell 11 will also cool down slowly, thereby avoiding the situation where the fuel cell 11 is directly controlled to be shut down when the battery temperature of the fuel cell 11 is high, which affects the service life of the fuel cell 11.

[0076] Optionally, the fuel cell 11 further includes a drainage port for discharging waste water mixed with hydrogen.

[0077] As a detailed embodiment, refer to Figure 5The water outlet and water inlet of the fuel cell 11 are connected to the heat storage module 14 through a flow regulating valve 13; the water inlet of the fuel cell 11 is connected to the outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the outlet of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 respectively; the temperature sensor 12 is arranged between the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the flow regulating valve 13; the water pump 17 is arranged between the flow regulating valve 13 and the water inlet of the fuel cell 11; the heat storage module 14 is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell 11 through the water pump 17; the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18 is arranged between the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and between the outlet convergence point of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the inlet end of the fuel cell 11; the second pressure regulating sub-valve 19 is arranged between the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the outlet convergence point of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16; the first pressure sensor 20 is arranged between the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18 and the inlet end of the fuel cell 11, and the second pressure sensor 21 is arranged on the third passage between the outlet convergence point of the solid-state hydrogen storage device 15 and the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 and the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18; the fuel cell 11 also includes a drainage end.

[0078] In this way, the water inlet and outlet of the fuel cell 11 , the flow regulating valve 13 and the heat storage module 14 form a closed structure, and the water in the fuel cell 11 can circulate in the closed structure. When the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 is lower than a first preset cell temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in a first state, the first passage between the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14 is closed, and the second passage between the water outlet and the water inlet of the fuel cell 11 is opened. At this time, the water in the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 does not flow to the heat storage module 14, but directly flows back to the water inlet of the fuel cell 11, thereby promoting the cyclic power generation and heating of the fuel cell 11. When the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 is not lower than the first preset cell temperature threshold, and the outlet water temperature is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 remains in the first state. When the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 is not lower than the first preset cell temperature threshold, and the outlet water temperature is not lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve 13 is in a second state, the first passage between the water outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the heat storage module 14 is opened, and the second passage between the water outlet and the water inlet of the fuel cell 11 is opened, thereby ensuring both the hot water supply to the heat storage module 14 and the water circulation.

[0079] Furthermore, when the mixed hydrogen supply pressure detected by the second pressure sensor 21 is high, the outlet pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is lowered through the second pressure regulating sub-valve 19; when the mixed hydrogen supply pressure detected by the second pressure sensor 21 is low, the outlet pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage device 16 is increased through the second pressure regulating sub-valve 19; when the mixed hydrogen supply pressure detected by the first pressure sensor 20 is greater than the hydrogen supply pressure required for the normal operation of the fuel cell 11, the inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11 is lowered through the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18; when the mixed hydrogen supply pressure detected by the first pressure sensor 20 is less than the hydrogen supply pressure required for the normal operation of the fuel cell 11, the inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11 is increased through the first pressure regulating sub-valve 18.

[0080] It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but can be performed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be performed in sequence, but can be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0081] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0082] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that: The system includes: a fuel cell, a solid-state hydrogen storage device, a heat storage module, a temperature sensor, a gaseous hydrogen storage device, and a flow regulating valve. The water outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the heat storage module via the flow regulating valve, and the inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the outlet of the gaseous hydrogen storage device respectively; the heat storage module is used to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage device; and the temperature sensor is used to detect the outlet temperature of the water of the fuel cell. When the outlet water temperature is lower than a first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a first state, and the first passage between the outlet water end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is closed; When the outlet water temperature is not lower than a first preset temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a second state, and the first passage between the outlet water end of the fuel cell and the heat storage module is opened.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The water outlet of the fuel cell and the water inlet of the fuel cell are connected through the flow regulating valve; when the battery temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in the first state, and the second passage between the water outlet and the water inlet of the fuel cell is opened.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that When the battery temperature of the fuel cell is not lower than a first preset battery temperature threshold and the outlet water temperature is lower than a second preset temperature threshold, the flow rate of the first passage is a first flow rate. When the battery temperature of the fuel cell is not lower than the first preset battery temperature threshold and the outlet water temperature is not lower than the second preset temperature threshold, the flow rate of the first passage is a second flow rate, wherein the second preset temperature threshold is higher than the first preset temperature threshold, and the first flow rate is less than the second flow rate.

4. The system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The system further includes a water pump for providing power to the water waiting to enter the inlet end of the fuel cell.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The heat storage module is communicated with the water inlet of the fuel cell through the water pump.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The system further comprises: a pressure regulating valve, wherein the pressure regulating valve is used to regulate the hydrogen supply pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the gaseous hydrogen storage device.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The pressure regulating valve includes a first pressure regulating sub-valve and a second pressure regulating sub-valve. The first pressure regulating sub-valve is used to regulate the inlet pressure of the fuel cell, and the second pressure regulating sub-valve is used to regulate the outlet pressure of the gaseous hydrogen storage device.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The system also includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor. The first pressure sensor is arranged between the first pressure regulating sub-valve and the inlet end of the fuel cell, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on a third passage. The third passage is a passage between the outlet converging point of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the gaseous hydrogen storage device and the first pressure regulating sub-valve.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The system further includes a control module, which is configured to respond to a shutdown instruction and control the fuel cell to switch to a shutdown purge state.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that When the fuel cell is in a shutdown and purging state, the solid-state hydrogen storage device is in a closed state; When the cell temperature of the fuel cell is lower than a second preset cell temperature threshold, the flow regulating valve is in a third state, and the first passage and the second passage are opened.

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