Floating type liquid drop power generation device constructed by using natural water body and power generation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a floating type liquid drop power generation device constructed by using a natural water body and a power generation system. The floating type liquid drop power generation device comprises a liquid drop, a metal top electrode, a hydrophobic dielectric film, a floating block, a natural water body as a bottom electrode and a substrate, a floating block is adhered to the lower surface of one end or the lower surfaces of the two ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and an inclined angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface; the hydrophobic dielectric film is provided with at least more than one one-way drain hole, and the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is at least bonded with more than one metal top electrode; natural water is used as a bottom electrode and a supporting substrate, a hydrophobic fluorine-containing polymer film and a one-way drainage design are combined, efficient droplet power generation is achieved, and the technical problem that a traditional droplet power generator depends on a metal bottom electrode and a substrate and cannot be applied in a floating mode is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a floating liquid droplet power generation device and a power generation system constructed using natural water bodies. Background Art

[0002] Droplet generators (DEGs) have been extensively studied over the past decade. When a falling droplet impacts the surface of a dielectric film, it spreads rapidly across the FEP film. Once the spreading droplet contacts the top electrode, it becomes negatively charged due to contact electrification of the dielectric surface. Driven by electrostatic induction, instantaneous charge transfer occurs from the bottom electrode to the top electrode, generating an electrical output. The output voltage in this structure can reach hundreds of volts, and research has already explored increasing the output by increasing the surface charge and applying superhydrophobic treatment.

[0003] At present, the main structure of droplet generators is the electrode-dielectric-electrode-substrate structure, which relies on acrylic plates or other rigid substrates as substrates. The cost and weight of this type of droplet generator are relatively high. Due to its simple structure, its application is relatively limited and it is mainly used on land. Since the ocean resources account for 70% of the earth's total, large areas of ocean resources are not fully utilized. In addition, in potential large-scale applications, the large-scale preparation and assembly process of the sample will be cumbersome and complicated. Due to the limitation of its rigid substrate, the integrated sample occupies a large amount of space resources.

[0004] Currently, there are two core bottlenecks in the large-scale application of traditional droplet generators:

[0005] 1. Traditional droplet generators (C-DEGs) rely on metal bottom electrodes (such as copper tape) and rigid substrates (such as acrylic boards), resulting in 63% of the material cost (132 yuan / m²) being consumed by the metal bottom electrode and substrate (total cost 210 yuan / m²); the areal mass density is as high as 4.14 kg / m², of which the substrate accounts for 90% (3.73 kg / m²), seriously restricting transportation and deployment efficiency.

[0006] 2. Traditional droplet generators (C-DEGs) can only be fixed on land and cannot be used in water. They cannot utilize water resources in open waters (lakes and oceans) and occupy land.

[0007] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop a droplet power generation system that can be used in water areas. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a floating droplet power generation device and power generation system constructed using natural water bodies. By using natural water as the bottom electrode and supporting substrate, combined with a hydrophobic fluoropolymer membrane and a one-way drainage design, efficient droplet power generation is achieved, solving the technical problem that traditional droplet engines (C-DEGs) rely on metal bottom electrodes and substrates and cannot be floated and used in water areas.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A floating droplet power generation device constructed using natural water comprises a droplet, a metal top electrode, a hydrophobic dielectric film, a floating block, and the natural water body as a bottom electrode and substrate. The floating block is bonded to the lower surface of one end or both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and an inclined angle is formed between the floating block and the hydrophobic dielectric film. The hydrophobic dielectric film is provided with at least one one-way drainage hole, and at least one metal top electrode is bonded to the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. The metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are connected to an external circuit by a wire.

[0011] Preferably, the one-way drainage hole size design formula is: ;in, is the surface tension coefficient of natural water; is the meniscus angle (°), which is experimentally measured to be 106°±2°; ρ is the density of natural water (kg / m3); g is the gravitational acceleration of the droplet (m / s 2 ), the value is 9.8 m / s 2 ; H is the droplet height (m), which can be calculated from the droplet size relationship ; R is the droplet radius (m), which is 2.2 mm by experimental measurement, i.e. 2.2×10 -3 m.

[0012] Preferably, the meniscus angle is the contact angle between the liquid droplet and the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the contact angle is 106°±2°.

[0013] Preferably, the metal top electrode is made of conductive materials such as titanium and aluminum, and is fixed to the dielectric film through silicone; the hydrophobic dielectric film is made of perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer film; and the floating block is a hydrophobic sponge, foam block, etc.

[0014] Preferably, the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are output ends of the power generation device.

[0015] Preferably, an oscilloscope is connected between the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode.

[0016] Preferably, when a floating block is bonded to the lower surface of one end of the hydrophobic dielectric film, a 10° tilt angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface. When a droplet falls and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the droplet will flow down due to gravity.

[0017] Preferably, when floating blocks are adhered to the lower surfaces of both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film, the floating blocks form a 10° inclination angle between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface, and a groove is formed in the middle of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and a one-way drainage hole is arranged in the center of the groove. When a droplet falls and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the droplet will flow down due to gravity, eventually gathering in the groove and flowing out of the one-way drainage hole.

[0018] Preferably, the distance between the metal top electrode and the one-way drainage hole is 1-1.5 cm.

[0019] A method for generating electricity using a floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water bodies comprises the following steps:

[0020] a) The generator utilizes the strong charge storage capacity of the hydrophobic dielectric film. When the device is placed on a water surface, the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film becomes negatively charged due to contact electrification at the interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water. The positive ions in the bottom electrode are electrostatically attracted to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film.

[0021] b) Adjust the droplet's position so that it falls at a speed of 1.5m / s to 2.5m / s, impacting the dielectric film surface and spreading to a maximum area of ​​2.8cm². The cations in the droplet are electrostatically attracted to the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. Ensure that when spreading to its maximum area, they just contact the metal top electrode. At this point, a closed loop is formed and a negative output voltage of hundreds of volts is generated. During this process, the anions in the droplet rapidly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, while the cations remain at the contact interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the droplet, inducing instantaneous electron transfer through the external circuit to the conductive wire inserted into the bottom of the water, generating a pulse output. Simultaneously, the bottom electrode lead becomes negatively charged, attracting the cations.

[0022] c) The droplet continues to slide and begins to shrink and detach from the top electrode; the entire process takes 40-50ms. During this process, electrons flow back to the metal top electrode, and cations in the water at the bottom electrode migrate back to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. The droplet is then discharged through the unidirectional drainage hole. The device can also operate normally even at a droplet droplet frequency of 7.5Hz, that is, the power-generating droplet has been discharged through the drainage hole before the next droplet arrives.

[0023] A floating liquid droplet power generation system constructed by utilizing natural water bodies comprises a plurality of floating liquid droplet power generation devices constructed by utilizing natural water bodies as described above, integrated together.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The performance of the power generation device of the present invention is comparable to that of traditional droplet power generation devices at the same tilt angle, and it can float on the water surface. It abandons the metal bottom electrode and rigid substrate in traditional droplet power generation, greatly saving costs and improving ease of use. It completely eliminates the metal bottom electrode and rigid substrate, and uses natural water to simultaneously serve as an electrode and support function, achieving a 50% cost reduction (to 106 yuan / m²) and an 87% weight reduction (to 0.5 kg / m²).

[0026] 2. The device of the present invention is constructed with a self-floating structure, which enables the power generation system to be directly deployed on various water surfaces in nature. Natural water bodies are used as bottom electrodes and substrates, breaking through the limitations of application scenarios and realizing "land-free" power generation.

[0027] 3. The power generation device of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. Due to the strong hydrophobicity of the FEP film itself, droplets (water droplets, raindrops) can quickly slide across the surface, quickly contact and detach from the electrodes, and realize charge transfer.

[0028] 4. The power generation device of the present invention has strong scalability; when the area needs to be expanded, it is only necessary to connect each unit device.

[0029] 5. A one-way drainage hole is designed to ensure the one-way water transport of the droplets to avoid water accumulation or downstream water flow interfering with other droplets, thereby affecting the output stability of the voltage.

[0030] In summary, this product has the characteristics of simple structure and easy use, and has broad application prospects. It can be used in different fields such as power supply for wireless sensors for water quality monitoring and outdoor lighting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation device structure of the unit of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A front view of the power generation device of the unit of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3A top view of the power generation device of the unit of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A comparison diagram of the open circuit voltage outputs of the power generation devices W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 A comparison diagram of the transferred charge amounts of the power generation devices W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 A comparison diagram of the short-circuit current of the power generation devices W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 1 is a comparison diagram of the peak output power of the power generation devices W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention under different load resistances;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation process of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a high-speed imaging image of a liquid droplet impacting a dielectric film in the power generation device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 A comparison chart of material weight and cost of W-DEG and C-DEG of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a voltage diagram showing that when there is no drainage hole in the present invention, water accumulates on the top of the hydrophobic dielectric membrane, causing the voltage output to drop;

[0043] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the force and size relationship of a single droplet on a drainage hole of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 This is an image of the liquid droplets passing through drainage holes of different sizes in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the process in which a liquid droplet does not pass through the hole upward (left) or downward (right) under a certain pressure when there is air on the other side of the drainage hole in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the process in which a drop of water is placed under the drainage hole in advance and the water drop is spontaneously transported downward through the hole;

[0047] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the stable voltage output when the W-DEG of the present invention has a drainage hole;

[0048] Figure 17 This is the physical picture of the integrated W-DEG of this invention;

[0049] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of a full-wave rectifier circuit used in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 19 This is the voltage diagram of the integrated W-DEG charging the capacitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a floating droplet power generation device (W-DEG) constructed using natural water. The device comprises a droplet 4, a metal top electrode 5, a hydrophobic dielectric film 3, a floating block 2, and natural water serving as a bottom electrode 1 and substrate. A floating block 2 is bonded to the lower surface of one or both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film 3, lifting the hydrophobic dielectric film and forming an inclination angle with the water. The hydrophobic dielectric film is provided with at least one one-way drainage hole 7. At least one metal top electrode is bonded to the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. Conductive wires connect the metal top and bottom electrodes to an external circuit. The external circuit can be a load or a measuring instrument. In this embodiment, an oscilloscope 6 is connected between the metal top and bottom electrodes to measure the signal output.

[0054] In this embodiment, preferably, the metal top electrode is made of conductive materials such as titanium and aluminum, and is fixed to the dielectric film through silicone; the hydrophobic dielectric film is made of perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer film; and the floating block is a hydrophobic sponge, foam block, etc.

[0055] In this embodiment, preferably, when a floating block is adhered to the lower surface of one end of the hydrophobic dielectric film, a 10° tilt angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface. When the droplets fall and spread on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the droplets will flow down due to gravity.

[0056] In this embodiment, preferably, when floating blocks are adhered to the lower surfaces of both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film, a 10° inclination angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface, and a groove is formed in the middle of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and a one-way drainage hole is arranged in the center of the groove. When a droplet falls and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the droplet will flow down due to gravity, eventually gathering in the groove and flowing out of the one-way drainage hole.

[0057] In this embodiment, preferably, the distance between the metal top electrode and the one-way drainage hole is 1 to 1.5 cm.

[0058] Through the above structural design, the electrical output performance of W-DEG and C-DEG is compared; Figure 4 , when the droplet contacts the top electrode with the largest extended area in W-DEG and C-DEG, a peak output voltage of -250 V is generated; Figure 5 、 Figure 6 , the charge transfer amount and current output of W-DEG and C-DEG are almost the same; Figure 7 , the W-DEG and C-DEG exhibited almost the same maximum peak power output under a load resistance of 0.87 MΩ.

[0059] These results clearly show that W-DEG has output performance comparable to that of C-DEG, so water can be used as the bottom electrode and substrate; after clarifying the contact electrochemical and electrostatic induction drive of water in W-DEG, the power generation process is proposed, such as Figure 8 As shown, before the droplet lands on the hydrophobic dielectric film, cations are adsorbed on the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film because the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is negatively charged by contact due to its high electron affinity; when the droplet impacts and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the cations in the droplet are adsorbed onto the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film, releasing the cations adsorbed on the bottom surface; when the droplet contacts the metal top electrode, the anions in the droplet quickly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, thereby inducing an instantaneous flow of electrons to the electrode inserted in the water, which simultaneously attaches the cations; this process is the same as the power generation process in C-DEG, except that electrons migrate in the bottom metal electrode in C-DEG, while ions migrate in water in W-DEG.

[0060] In addition, a high-speed camera was used to capture the moment when the droplet hit the FEP film, such as Figure 9 This is a side view of a droplet falling on the FEP film. It can be observed that the film hardly moves in the vertical direction before and after the droplet falls. In other words, water has enough rigidity to resist the impact from the falling droplet.

[0061] In addition to the electrical output performance, the material cost and weight, which are crucial for practical applications, are also compared between C-DEG and W-DEG. Figure 10 As shown, for C-DEG, the material cost mainly comes from the dielectric film, bottom metal electrode and substrate, with a total cost of 210 yuan / cm -2 (Calculated based on the retail price of materials), of which the latter two materials account for 63%. In contrast, the cost of W-DEG is 106 yuan / cm2 when no bottom metal electrode and substrate are required. -2, which is only half of that of C-DEG. In terms of weight, the areal density of C-DEG is 4.14 Kg·m -2 , the rigid substrate accounts for 90% of it, in comparison, the weight of W-DEG is 0.5 Kg·m -2 , which is only 13% of C-DEG, which can greatly facilitate transportation and deployment and further reduce application costs.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] Based on Example 1, rapid drainage is crucial in the integration of droplet generators (DEGs) for potential large-scale applications to avoid water accumulation or downstream water flow disturbing other droplets, such as Figure 11 As shown, in the absence of drainage holes, the peak output voltage of the floating droplet generator (W-DEG) of the present invention gradually decreases as droplets land on and accumulate in the dielectric (hydrophobic dielectric film) surface. Two main reasons were found: on the one hand, the accumulated water bridges the spreading droplets to the top electrode before they can spread to their maximum extent, thereby reducing the water-solid interface area and the amount of charge transfer caused by electrostatic induction; on the other hand, the accumulated water expands the overlap area between the top and bottom electrodes and the resulting parasitic capacitance, reducing the output voltage, as can be inferred from the equivalent circuit. Therefore, drainage holes are essential to guide water flow quickly away from the top surface of the dielectric film. The water-integration feature of the W-DEG requires the rational design of drainage holes to allow downward water transport but prevent upward water transport, i.e., unidirectional water transport. This can be achieved by exploiting the hydrophobicity of the dielectric film (e.g., fluoropolymer) and the high surface tension of water.

[0064] In order to ensure that the dripping droplets can flow away from the membrane smoothly instead of remaining, it is necessary to open a one-way drainage hole in the center of the membrane, which can be achieved by taking advantage of the high surface tension of water and the high hydrophobicity of the membrane. Figure 12 , in the design, the droplets are subjected to gravity on the drainage hole and surface tension , the critical size of the one-way drainage aperture can be derived based on the force balance of the droplet, and the formula is: ,in, is the surface tension coefficient of natural water; is the meniscus angle (°), which is the contact angle between the droplet and the hydrophobic dielectric film and is measured to be 106° (±2°); ρ is the density of natural water (kg / m3); g is the gravitational acceleration of the droplet (m / s 2 ), the value is 9.8 m / s 2 ; H is the droplet height (m), which can be calculated from the droplet size relationship ; R is the droplet radius (m), which is 2.2 mm by experimental measurement, i.e. 2.2×10 -3 m.

[0065] In addition, through experiments (such as Figure 13 ) verified that when a rectangular hole of 1~5mm is subjected to a water pressure of 3mm, water flows through the drainage hole. When the hole size is larger than 3mm, water begins to flow through the drainage hole.

[0066] Based on the above analysis and the droplet size (2.2 mm in diameter), a 3 mm rectangular hole was selected as the drainage hole for the W-DEG. When a water droplet is pressed against the dielectric film, the droplet deforms but, due to the surface tension of the water, the droplet does not move upward through the drainage hole. Similarly, a droplet residing on top of the dielectric film does not move downward through the hole. Therefore, when the dielectric film floats on the water surface, no water will pass through the drainage hole (e.g., Figure 14 ).

[0067] When a droplet is placed under the dielectric membrane, mimicking a membrane floating on water, the top droplet will contact the bottom droplet through the pores. Since this eliminates the water-air interface and the corresponding upward force due to surface tension, the top droplet quickly transports downward through the pores, merges with the bottom droplet, and separates from the dielectric membrane driven by gravity. In this way, unidirectional water transport is achieved (e.g., Figure 15 When the W-DEG is equipped with designed drainage holes, the falling droplets can quickly leave the top surface of the dielectric film after spreading and shrinking. Therefore, the voltage output of the W-DEG with drainage holes remains stable for continuously falling droplets (such as Figure 16 ).

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] A method for generating electricity using a floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water bodies comprises the following steps:

[0070] a) The generator utilizes the strong charge storage capacity of the hydrophobic dielectric film. When the device is placed on a water surface, the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film becomes negatively charged due to contact electrification at the interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water. The positive ions in the bottom electrode are electrostatically attracted to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film.

[0071] b) Adjust the droplet's position so that it falls at a speed of 1.5m / s to 2.5m / s, impacting the dielectric film surface and spreading to a maximum area of ​​2.8cm². The cations in the droplet are electrostatically attracted to the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. Ensure that when spreading to its maximum area, they just contact the metal top electrode. At this point, a closed loop is formed and a negative output voltage of approximately 100V is generated. During this process, the anions in the droplet rapidly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, while the cations remain at the contact interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the droplet, inducing instantaneous electron transfer through the external circuit to the conductive wire inserted into the bottom of the water, generating a pulse output. Simultaneously, the bottom electrode lead becomes negatively charged, attracting the cations.

[0072] c) The droplet continues to slide and begins to shrink, separating from the top electrode. This entire process takes 40-50 ms. During this process, electrons flow back to the metal top electrode, and cations in the water at the bottom electrode migrate back to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. The droplet is then discharged through a unidirectional drainage hole. The device operates normally even at a droplet frequency of 7.5 Hz, meaning that the power-generating droplet is discharged through the drainage hole before the next droplet arrives.

[0073] Example 4:

[0074] like Figure 17 As shown, a floating droplet power generation system constructed using natural water bodies includes a plurality of floating droplet power generation devices constructed using natural water bodies as described in Examples 1-3, and the floating blocks in the plurality of floating droplet power generation devices constructed using natural water bodies are connected end to end to form a floating droplet power generation integrated system.

[0075] To improve the energy harvesting from the pulsed output of the DEG, a circuit consisting of a full-wave rectifier and an inductor (e.g. Figure 18 ), and stores the energy in the capacitor.

[0076] like Figure 19 As shown, the integrated W-DEG can rapidly charge a capacitor of up to 0.22 mF to 3 V in 5 minutes; for a 0.33 mF capacitor, it can reach 1.8 V in 6 minutes; even for a 1 mF capacitor, a voltage exceeding 1.5 V is achieved. The high power output of the demonstrated integrated W-DEG is expected to enable various applications, such as powering wireless sensors for water quality monitoring.

[0077] In summary, the self-floating structure of this product enables the power generation system to be deployed directly on natural water surfaces. Using natural water bodies as the bottom electrode and substrate, this system breaks through the limitations of application scenarios and achieves "landless" power generation. This product, with its simple structure and ease of use, has broad application prospects, including powering wireless sensors for water quality monitoring and outdoor lighting. It will open up a new path for utilizing natural water resources and materials to construct hydrovoltaic power generation equipment, and promote large-scale landless applications.

[0078] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water, characterized by: The invention comprises a liquid droplet, a metal top electrode, a hydrophobic dielectric film, a floating block, and natural water as a bottom electrode and a substrate; a floating block is bonded to the lower surface of one end or both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the floating block lifts the hydrophobic dielectric film and forms an inclined angle with the water surface; the hydrophobic dielectric film is provided with at least one one-way drainage hole, and at least one metal top electrode is bonded to the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are connected to an external circuit by a wire.

2. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way drainage hole size design formula: ; where γ is the surface tension coefficient of natural water, is the meniscus angle, ρ is the density of natural water bodies, g is the gravitational acceleration of the droplet, H is the droplet height, which ensures that the upper droplets can flow away after completing one power generation to avoid water accumulation or downstream water flow interfering with other droplets.

3. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The meniscus angle is the contact angle between the liquid droplet and the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the contact angle is 106°±2°.

4. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The metal top electrode is made of titanium or aluminum conductive material and fixed to the hydrophobic dielectric film through silica gel; the hydrophobic dielectric film is made of perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer film; the floating block is a hydrophobic sponge or foam block.

5. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are output ends of the power generation device, wherein the metal top electrode is the positive electrode and the bottom electrode is the negative electrode.

6. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When a floating block is bonded to the lower surface of one end of the hydrophobic dielectric film, the floating block forms an inclination angle of 10° between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface.

7. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the lower surfaces of both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film are bonded with floating blocks, a groove is formed in the middle of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the one-way drainage hole is arranged in the center of the groove.

8. The floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the metal top electrode and the one-way drainage hole is 1 to 1.5 cm.

9. A method for generating electricity using a floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed using natural water as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) This power generation device utilizes the charge storage capability of a hydrophobic dielectric film. When the device is placed on a water surface, the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film becomes negatively charged due to contact electrification at the interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water. The cations in the bottom electrode are electrostatically attracted to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. b) Adjust the position of the droplet so that it falls at a speed of 1.5m / s to 2.5m / s and hits the surface of the dielectric film, spreading to a maximum area of ​​2.8cm². The cations in the droplet are electrostatically attracted to the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. And ensure that when it diffuses to the maximum area, it just contacts the metal top electrode. At this time, a closed loop is formed and a negative output voltage of hundreds of volts is generated. In this process, the anions in the droplet quickly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, while the cations remain at the contact interface between the hydrophobic dielectric membrane and the droplet, thereby inducing instantaneous electrons to be instantly transferred through the external circuit to the wire inserted into the bottom of the water, generating a pulse output. At the same time, the bottom electrode wire is negatively charged, attracting cations. c) The droplet continues to slide and begins to shrink and detach from the top electrode; the entire process takes 40-50ms; During this process, electrons flow back to the metal top electrode, and cations in the water at the bottom electrode migrate back to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; then, the droplets are discharged through the one-way drainage holes. When the droplet falling frequency reaches 7.5Hz, the device can also work normally, that is, before the next droplet arrives, the power-generating droplet has been discharged through the drainage holes.

10. A floating droplet power generation system constructed using natural water bodies, characterized in that: The device is integrated with a floating droplet power generation device constructed using natural water bodies as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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