Cartridge for holding electrochemical cell stack compression and use thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a cartridge (1) for a fuel cell, comprising: a base (10) for holding the cartridge in a direction opposite to a compression direction (X1) when the base is received in a receiving opening; a foot (20) that slides relative to the base and abuts against the fuel cell stack when the base is received in the receiving opening; the spring (30) is supported on the base so as to apply pressure (F30) to the bottom foot; and a retaining system (40) having a primary retaining portion (41) and a secondary retaining portion (42) capable of engaging with each other to prevent the footings from sliding when the cartridge is in a preloaded configuration and capable of engaging with each other to prevent the footings from sliding when the cartridge is in a released configuration. The main holding portion and the secondary holding portion can be separated from each other to allow the footing to slide. The aim of the invention is to simplify the compression of a fuel cell stack while improving the accuracy of the compression.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a cartridge and a dimensional compensation system for maintaining compression of an electrochemical cell stack belonging to a fuel cell. The invention also relates to a fuel cell comprising such a compression subassembly and to the use of such a cartridge.

[0002] In the field of fuel cells, it is known to compress an electrochemical cell stack in the stacking direction between two terminal plates on either side of the stack, and to protect the assembly in a housing. During various stages of its operation, the stack tends to expand and / or contract in the stacking direction for various reasons, in particular due to thermal effects and aging of the stack. In order to allow this expansion and / or contraction to occur without degrading the electrochemical cells, it is known to fix a first terminal plate relative to the housing and to allow a second terminal plate to move relative to the housing parallel to the stacking direction.

[0003] In order to keep the stack compressed despite the fact that the second terminal plate is movable, a compressive force is applied to the second terminal plate using a dimensional compensation system, specifically comprising one or more springs. As is known, springs use tension rods to perform the compression of the stack, thereby ensuring the traction of the second terminal plate towards the first terminal plate. As another solution, it is known to insert a spring in a compressed state between the second terminal plate and a fixed plate belonging to the housing, so that the spring pushes the second terminal plate towards the first terminal plate, thereby ensuring the compression of the stack. In both cases, the movement of the second terminal plate provides compensation for any expansion or contraction of the stack in the stacking direction, while the stack remains compressed between the two terminal plates under the action of the springs.

[0004] These known solutions have several disadvantages. Generally, the springs are difficult to install, or their presence complicates fuel cell assembly, as they are designed to exert forces on the stack that can reach several tons. Furthermore, while the stack must be compressed under a certain force, the value of which must fall within relatively narrow tolerances, obtaining the exact value of stack compression using the springs is not easy, and the possibility of adjusting the springs is limited, difficult to achieve, or nonexistent.

[0005] The present invention specifically aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a new solution to simplify the compression of electrochemical cell stacks while improving the precision of such compression.

[0006] To this end, the present invention relates to a cartridge for holding a stack of electrochemical cells belonging to a fuel cell compressed in a compression direction, the cartridge comprising a base configured to hold the cartridge in a direction opposite to the compression direction when the base is received in a receiving opening integral with or belonging to the fuel cell. The cartridge further comprises a foot arranged relative to the base in the compression direction and slidable relative to the base parallel to the compression direction, the foot being configured to abut against the stack in the compression direction when the base is received in the receiving opening. The cartridge further comprises a spring pressed against the base in order to exert pressure on the foot in the compression direction. The box also includes a retaining system, which includes: a primary retaining portion integrally formed with the base and a secondary retaining portion integrally formed with the foot, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion being configured such that: when the box is in a preloaded configuration, they are combined with each other, so that the combined primary retaining portion and secondary retaining portion prevent the foot from sliding in a compression direction relative to the base; and when the box is in a released configuration, they are separated from each other, so that the separated primary retaining portion and secondary retaining portion allow the foot to slide in a compression direction relative to the base.

[0007] By virtue of the present invention, compression of the stack is easily achieved, as the cartridge's feet can be advantageously supported on the stack, and the base can be inserted into the receiving opening to retain it there, while the cartridge is in a preloaded configuration, with the action of the spring on the feet controlled by the retaining system. In other words, the ability to place the cartridge in the preloaded configuration alone, particularly when the cartridge is external to the fuel cell, allows the assembly of the spring in the fuel cell to be completed by assembling the cartridge, with the spring already preloaded in the cartridge and without the risk of accidental release, provided the cartridge is not otherwise inserted between the stack and the receiving opening. Once the cartridge is in place, the cartridge can be easily placed in a released configuration by releasing the primary and secondary retaining portions from one another, so that the compressive force generated by the spring is transmitted to the stack via the feet, while the feet rest against the stack and the cartridge is retained by the receiving opening. Furthermore, the ability to place the cartridge in the preloaded configuration allows the value of the compressive force to be predetermined and then applied to the stack, as the adjustment of the compressive force value can be performed in the preloaded configuration of the cartridge, i.e., upstream of its installation in the fuel cell.

[0008] According to advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the present invention, one or more of the following features may be employed in combination, individually or in any technically permissible combination.

[0009] Preferably, the retaining system is configured to allow adjustment of the retaining position of the foot to adjust the pressure value applied by the spring, the retaining position of the foot being defined relative to the base and for this purpose the retaining system preventing the foot from sliding within a continuous range of positions of the foot in the compression direction.

[0010] Preferably, the retention system comprises a retention member by which the primary and secondary retention features are joined when the cartridge is in the pre-loaded configuration.

[0011] Preferably, the retaining member comprises a head and a threaded body.

[0012] Preferably, the primary retaining portion forms a shoulder.

[0013] Preferably, the secondary retaining portion forms a threaded hole parallel to the compression direction, and when the head abuts against the shoulder along the compression direction and the threaded body engages with the threaded hole, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion are combined with each other.

[0014] Preferably, the base is formed with an external thread, so that when the base is received in the receiving opening, the cartridge can be held in a direction opposite to the compression direction by engagement of the external thread with an internal thread formed in the receiving opening.

[0015] Preferably, the spring is a compression spring located between the base and the foot along the compression direction.

[0016] The present invention also relates to a size compensation system, comprising: a box as described above and a support wall, wherein the support wall is different from the box and forms a receiving opening, and the receiving opening is formed to be shaped to receive a base, so that when the base is received, the base foot of the box extends from the support wall in a compression direction, and the base can be approached from the outer surface of the support wall, that is, opposite to the base foot.

[0017] Preferably, the shapes of the receiving opening and the base are such that the base can be received in the receiving opening by inserting the box into the receiving opening along the compression direction, and the shapes of the receiving opening, the spring and the base foot are such that when the base is inserted into the receiving opening along the compression direction, the spring and the base foot can pass through the receiving opening.

[0018] Preferably, the receiving opening and the base are shaped such that the base can be received in the receiving opening by inserting the cartridge into the receiving opening in a direction opposite to a compression direction.

[0019] Preferably, the receiving opening and the base are configured to allow the support position of the base to be adjusted within a continuous position range in the compression direction of the base, the support position being defined relative to the support wall, and when the base is received in the receiving opening, the base is maintained in the support position.

[0020] The present invention also relates to a fuel cell comprising a dimensional compensation system as described above, wherein the cartridge is in a released configuration and the base is received in the receiving opening so as to be held relative to the support wall in a direction opposite to the compression direction. The fuel cell further comprises a load-bearing wall, the load-bearing wall and the support wall being fixedly connected to each other, the load-bearing wall being arranged relative to the support wall in the compression direction. The fuel cell further comprises an electrochemical cell stack arranged between the support wall and the load-bearing wall and resting against the load-bearing wall in the compression direction, the spring of the cartridge resting on the base and exerting pressure on the stack in the compression direction via the foot, the foot resting against the stack in the compression direction.

[0021] Preferably, the support wall and the load-bearing wall belong to a housing of the fuel cell, the stack being received inside the housing, the housing further comprising longitudinal walls for connecting the support wall to the load-bearing wall.

[0022] The present invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned box, which includes: using a pressure member different from the box to apply an initial compression force to the stack along the compression direction, while the stack rests against the load-bearing wall along the compression direction; when the box is in a preloaded configuration, inserting the box into the receiving opening until the base is received in the receiving opening to be held in a direction opposite to the compression direction; and when the base is received in the receiving opening and the base foot rests against the stack in the compression direction, the box is in a released configuration and releases the initial compression force so that the spring resting on the base applies pressure to the stack along the compression direction through the base foot.

[0023] Preferably, if only one cartridge is provided, the value of the initial compressive force is greater than the value of the pressure obtained before the foot comes into contact with the stack and when the cartridge is in the preloaded configuration. In a variant, preferably, if further cartridges are provided in addition to the cartridge, the value of the initial compressive force is greater than the sum of the values ​​of a plurality of pressures obtained before the respective feet of the plurality of cartridges come into contact with the stack and when the plurality of cartridges are in the preloaded configuration.

[0024] Preferably, before applying the initial compressive force, the use further comprises: causing the stack to press against the load-bearing wall along the compression direction; and connecting the support wall to the load-bearing wall, the receiving opening being formed through the support wall, the connection of the support wall being achieved when the stack presses against the load-bearing wall along the compression direction, so that the load-bearing wall is arranged relative to the support wall in the compression direction, and the stack is arranged between the support wall and the load-bearing wall.

[0025] Preferably, when the box is inserted into the receiving opening, the connection between the supporting wall and the load-bearing wall is already achieved, and when the box is inserted into the receiving opening along the compression direction, the initial compression force is applied until the base rests against the stack along the compression direction.

[0026] Preferably, the insertion of the box into the receiving opening is already achieved when the supporting wall is connected to the load-bearing wall, so that the base is already received in the receiving opening when the supporting wall is connected to the load-bearing wall.

[0027] Preferably, the cartridge is inserted into the receiving opening until the base is in a retracted position relative to the support wall in the compression direction.

[0028] Preferably, the use comprises displacement of the base from the retracted position to the docking position relative to the support wall along the compression direction, wherein the foot abuts against the stack along the compression direction, the displacement of the base being carried out before the base is received in the receiving opening, the support wall is connected, the initial compression force is applied and a release configuration of the box is performed.

[0029] Preferably, the use further comprises, before inserting the cartridge, pre-loading the cartridge by engaging the primary retaining portion with the secondary retaining portion so that the pressure reaches a desired value for maintaining the stack in a compressed state.

[0030] The present invention will be better understood and other advantages will become more apparent from the following description of examples in accordance with the principles of the invention, which are illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] [ Figure 1 ] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a cassette forming part of a size compensation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the cassette being in a pre-loaded configuration.

[0032] [ Figure 2 ] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A longitudinal cross-section of the box.

[0033] [ Figure 3 ] Figure 3is a perspective view of a longitudinal section of a fuel cell comprising a plurality of cartridges, specifically Figure 1 and Figure 2 A box in a released configuration.

[0034] [ Figure 4 ] Figure 4 is with Figure 3 Similar cross-section view wherein the fuel cell is being constructed according to the first embodiment of the cartridge of the previous figures.

[0035] [ Figure 5 ] Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4 , showing subsequent manufacturing steps of the first embodiment of the box.

[0036] [ Figure 6 ] Figure 6 is with Figure 4 and Figure 5 A similar cross-sectional view in which the second embodiment of the cartridge according to the previous figure is shown in isolation with the size compensation system during a manufacturing step of the fuel cell, the cartridge being in a retracted position.

[0037] [ Figure 7 ] Figure 7 is a perspective view of a cartridge forming part of a size compensation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the cartridge being in a preloaded configuration.

[0038] [ Figure 8 ] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Longitudinal section of the middle box.

[0039] [ Figure 9 ] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell being constructed, including a size compensation system with multiple cartridges, specifically Figure 6 and Figure 7 A box in which the box is in a retracted position.

[0040] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A box 1 is shown comprising a base 10, feet 20, springs 30 and a retaining system 40. The box 1 has an orientation of use defining a compression direction X1 fixed relative to the base 10, which direction runs from the base 10 towards the feet 20. The box 1 is geometrically traversed by a central axis X10 parallel to the compression direction X1.

[0041] The base 10 has a proximal end 11, a distal end 12, a peripheral wall 13, and preferably a central conduit 14, such as Figure 2As shown, they are fixed to each other. Axis X10 runs through proximal end 11 and distal end 12, with distal end 12 oriented in compression direction X1 relative to proximal end 11. Wall 13 surrounds axis X10 and connects proximal end 11 and distal end 12. Peripheral wall 13 is preferably cylindrical with a circular base, centered on axis X10. If provided, central conduit 14 advantageously runs from proximal end 11 through the base to distal end 12 and is centered on axis X10.

[0042] Preferably, the base 10 includes an actuator head 16 formed at its proximal end 11. The actuator head 16 is intended to be actuated manually (preferably using a tool) or by a machine to rotate the base about the axis X10. For example, as shown in the figures, the actuator head 16 is formed by a hexagonal end centered on the axis X10 so as to be actuated by an Allen key.

[0043] Preferably, the peripheral wall 13 is provided with an external thread 17, for example, from the actuating head 16 to the distal end 12. The external thread 17 is centered on the axis X10, that is, the external thread 17 runs in the same direction as the compression direction X1.

[0044] The foot 20 can slide relative to the base 10 along the compression direction X1 under the guidance of the base 10 .

[0045] To this end, for example, the foot 20 includes a sliding leg 21 that is received so as to slide in a sliding channel 18 formed by the central channel 14. Both the sliding leg 21 and the sliding channel 18 are centered about the axis X10. The sliding channel 18 is formed by a portion of the central channel 14, the opening of which is provided at the distal end 12. The sliding leg 21 enters the sliding channel 18 via the distal end 12.

[0046] The foot 20 is designed to abut against a surface to be pressed perpendicular to the compression direction X1 along the compression direction X1 .

[0047] To this end, for example, the foot 20 includes a support pad 22. Here, the support pad 22 is fixed relative to the sliding leg 21 and is formed in the compression direction X1 relative to the sliding leg 21. Regardless of the sliding position of the foot 20 relative to the base 10, the support pad 22 is arranged in the compression direction X1 relative to the distal end 12 of the base 10, thereby forming the distal end of the box 1. For example, the support pad 22 forms a disc-shaped axial surface, which rotates in the compression direction X1 and is used to bear the load in the compression direction X1. Preferably, the shape of the support pad 22 is generally disc-shaped. Preferably, the outer diameter of the support pad 22 is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the peripheral wall 13, as described below, which allows the box 1 to be inserted in the compression direction X1 during the manufacturing process of the stack 51. Preferably, more generally, the radial footprint of the foot 20 around the axis X10 is smaller than the radial footprint of the base 10.

[0048] The spring 30 is supported on the base 10 so as to apply a pressure F30 to the base 20 along the compression direction X1 through the elasticity of the spring 30. Preferably, the spring 30 is a spring that acts in compression along the compression direction X1. Here, the spring 30 is a coil spring centered on the axis X10. The spring 30 (whether or not it is coiled) is preferably configured so that the value of the pressure F30 generated by the spring depends on the elongation of the spring 30 measured along the axis X10, so that the value of the pressure F30 can be adjusted by adjusting the elongation value. The "elongation" of the spring 30 refers to the change in length of the spring 30 from one end to the other along the compression direction X1. In a compression spring, when the length of the compression spring decreases, the pressure F30 increases. Therefore, for negative elongation values ​​of the compression spring, the pressure F30 increases.

[0049] For example, in order to apply a pressure F30 to the foot 20 while supporting the base 10, the following design is employed: along direction X1, a spring 30 is provided between the distal end 12 of the base and the support pad 22. The distal end 12 and the support pad 22 form opposing load-bearing walls, each receiving a corresponding end of the spring 30. For example, the spring 30 is arranged around the sliding leg 21.

[0050] Radially relative to axis X10, spring 30 advantageously has a smaller radial footprint than base 10 (particularly at peripheral wall 13) and, in this example, also than support pad 22. In other words, radially, spring 30 and foot 20 do not protrude from base 10.

[0051] As described below, the cartridge 1 is configured to be loaded by retaining the system 40 in a preloaded configuration (e.g. Figure 1 、 2 and 5) and release configuration (as shown Figure 3 Switch (i.e. move) between the two.

[0052] In other words, the box 1 that is the object of protection of the present invention includes two configurations, each of which is defined by design. In the first configuration, referred to as the "preload configuration", the box 1 is configured to operate safely outside the fuel cell, specifically by keeping the springs 30 and 130 in a compressed state by the retaining system 40, as described below. This preload configuration is stable. In the second configuration, referred to as the "release configuration", the box 1 is configured to apply pressure (which is preferably a predetermined value) on the electrochemical cell stack of the fuel cell, specifically by releasing the force generated by the springs 30 and 130, as described below. When the box 1 is equipped with a fuel cell, this release configuration is stable.

[0053] Preferably, the central tube 14 forms an axial shoulder 41, which is arranged at the proximal end 11 or between the proximal end 11 and the sliding tube 18 and rotates in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. This axial shoulder is centered on the axis X10. The axial shoulder 41 is formed, for example, on an inner neck of the central tube 14. The axial shoulder 41 forms the main retaining element of the retaining system 40 and is integrally formed with the base 10.

[0054] Preferably, a threaded hole 42 is provided in the sliding leg 21, centered on the axis X10 and opening from the sliding leg 21 toward the base 10. In this example, the threaded hole 42 even traverses the foot 20 from side to side. The threaded hole 42 is parallel to the compression direction X1. The threaded hole 42 is arranged on the axis of the axial shoulder 41. The threaded hole forms a secondary retaining element of the retaining system 40 and is integrally formed with the foot 20.

[0055] Preferably, the retaining system 40 further comprises a screw 43 having a head 44 and a threaded body 45. The screw 43 advantageously constitutes a retaining member belonging to the retaining system 40 and interacts with the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion.

[0056] In the preloaded configuration, the screw 43 is received in the central tube 14 and the threaded hole 42 (eg, Figure 2 、 3 and 5). The screw 43 ensures the mutual coupling of the primary and secondary retaining parts by the screw 43 resting against the axial shoulder 41 in the compression direction X1 via the head 44 and engaging the threaded body 45 in the threaded hole 42 according to the nut connection. The nut connection is preferably irreversible, i.e. the force exerted by the spring does not allow the triggering of a relative rotation between the screw 43 and the foot 20. In the preloaded configuration, the threaded body 45 points in the compression direction X1, while the head 44 points in the opposite direction, and the screw is advantageously coaxial with the axis X10. This mutual coupling of the primary and secondary retaining parts by the retaining member means that, even if the spring applies a pressure F30 to the foot 20 while being supported on the base 10, the retaining system 40 prevents the foot 20 from sliding in the compression direction X1 relative to the base 10. In this solution, the engagement of the threaded body 45 in the threaded hole 42 means that the screw 43 is integral with the foot, while the head 44 is held against the axial shoulder 41 of the base in the compression direction X1 due to the pressure F30 transmitted to the screw 43 via the foot 20. Thus, the preloaded configuration allows the spring 30 to remain in a preloaded state, with the spring 30 continuously exerting the pressure F30.

[0057] The retaining system 40 of this example allows the position of the foot 20 relative to the base 10 (referred to as the "retaining position") to be adjusted along the compression direction X1. To this end, the retaining system 40 prevents the foot 20 from sliding. In practice, by screwing the screw 43 in the threaded hole 42 in or out, the retained position of the foot 20 held by the screw 43 is corrected. Screwing in brings the foot 20 closer to the base 10, while screwing out moves the foot 20 away from the base 10. Therefore, the retained position of the foot 20 held by the retaining system 40 can be selected from a continuous range of positions along the compression direction X1. In this example, this continuous range corresponds to the tightening stroke of the screw 43 in the threaded hole 42, which is parallel to the compression direction X1.

[0058] This possibility of adjusting the holding position of the foot 20 allows adjusting the value of the pressure F30, since each holding position corresponds to a different value of elongation of the spring 30, on which the value of the pressure F30 depends. Thus, in the preloaded configuration, the value of the pressure F30 exerted by the spring 30 on the foot can be selected by adjusting the holding system 40.

[0059] In order to make box 1 be in release configuration, need to separate described primary holding part and secondary holding part, preferably realize by removing holding member.In this example, screw 43 is removed, specifically threaded body 45 is disengaged from threaded hole 42 by unscrewing operation. Figure 3 The case 1 is shown in a released configuration, with the screw 43 removed. In this released configuration, the foot 20 is allowed to slide relative to the base 10 (specifically under the action of a pressure force F30), since the foot is no longer held by the holding system 40. Then, when the base 10 is held in a manner opposite to the compression direction X1, the foot 20 can transmit the pressure force F30 to the compression surface against which it abuts in the compression direction X1.

[0060] Preferably, one end of the screw 43 (located at the head 44 ) is provided with a marking 46 , such as a hexagonal groove marking, so that an operator can actuate the screw 43 to rotate around the axis X10 using a tool or a machine.

[0061] Figure 3 Shown is equipped with Figure 1 and 2 The fuel cell 50 is shown as a cartridge 1. The fuel cell 50 also includes other cartridges 1' that are identical to the cartridge 1. It can be provided that the fuel cell 50 can be equipped with a single cartridge 1 or a plurality of cartridges 1.

[0062] The fuel cell 50 comprises a stack 51 of electrochemical cells 52 (not shown separately for simplicity), and a housing 60. The cartridge 1 serves to keep the stack 51 compressed in a compression direction X1 throughout the useful life of the cell.

[0063] The stack 51 includes, for example, 200-500 cells 52. Each electrochemical cell 52 is composed of, for example, an anode and a cathode, separated by a polymer membrane that allows protons to pass from the anode to the cathode. During use of the cell 50, each anode of the stack 51 is supplied with a fuel (e.g., hydrogen), and each cathode of the stack 51 is supplied with an oxidant (e.g., oxygen or air).

[0064] When the cartridge 1 is integrated into the battery 50, the electrochemical cells 52 are stacked (i.e., stacked) along a stacking direction, which is parallel to the compression direction X1, to form a stack 51. Preferably, when the battery 50 is in operation (e.g., when used in a vehicle), the stacking direction and the compression direction X1 are substantially horizontal.

[0065] The housing 60 surrounds and protects the stack 51. The housing 60 includes transverse walls 61 (referred to as "support walls"), longitudinal walls 62, and transverse walls 63 (referred to as "load-bearing walls"). Here, walls 61 and 63 are perpendicular to the compression direction X1, and the longitudinal wall 62 is parallel to the compression direction X1. The longitudinal wall 62 is a peripheral wall (it surrounds the stack 51) and is attached to the respective perimeter edges of walls 61 and 63, connecting the two to each other. The stack 51 is also disposed between walls 61 and 63 (walls 61 and 63 are preferably substantially flat), with wall 63 disposed relative to wall 61 along the compression direction X1. Overall, walls 61, 62, and 63 are arranged so that the housing 60 approximates the shape of a parallelepiped.

[0066] In the present example, the support wall 61 and the load-bearing wall 63 are removable relative to the longitudinal wall 62. In one variation, the support wall 61 can be permanently fixed or formed as a single piece with the longitudinal wall 62, so that the walls 61 and 62 form a subassembly attached to the load-bearing wall 63, and the wall 63 is removable relative to the subassembly. In another variation, the walls 62 and 63 can be permanently fixed or formed as a single piece, while the support wall 61 is removably mounted on the subassembly. In either case, the advantage is that the support wall 61 is removable relative to the load-bearing wall 63 - for example, the support wall 61 is removable relative to the longitudinal wall 62, or the longitudinal wall 62 is removable relative to the load-bearing wall 63, or both are removable at the same time (as shown in the present example).

[0067] Here, the bearing wall 63 serves as a fixed terminal plate for the stack 51, wherein the stack 51 rests against the bearing wall 63 in the compression direction X1 without the interposition of elastic dimensional compensation elements. However, it can be provided that the stack 51 includes a different fixed terminal plate, via which the stack 51 rests against the bearing wall 63. Preferably, the bearing wall 63 includes a plurality of openings through which connectors (not shown) can pass, the connectors being intended to be connected to fluid circulation pipes, thereby allowing the supply of fuel, oxidant, and possible cooling fluid to the stack 51 and the removal of possible reaction products.

[0068] The support wall 61 supports each cartridge 1 via its corresponding base 10. Specifically, for each cartridge 1 to be provided, the support wall 61 is provided with a corresponding receiving opening 64, which extends through the support wall 61 from one side to the other, parallel to the compression direction X1. The base 10 of each cartridge 1 is received in one of these receiving openings 64. If a plurality of cartridges are provided, the cartridges are distributed over the surface area of ​​the support wall 61.

[0069] Preferably, when the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64, its proximal end 11 is accessible from the outer surface 66 of the support wall 61. Advantageously, the outer surface 66 opens to the exterior of the housing 60 and faces the stack 51. The foot 20 then extends from the support wall 61 in the compression direction X1. The support wall 61 also includes an inner surface 69, opposite the outer surface 66, which opens to the interior of the housing 60 and faces the stack 51. The outer surface 66 rotates in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1, while the inner surface 69 rotates in the compression direction X1.

[0070] Preferably, each receiving opening 64 has an internal thread 65 formed on its inner wall. When the base 10 is received in the corresponding receiving opening 64, the external thread 17 of the base 10 is screwed into engagement with the internal thread 65 of the receiving opening 64. In other words, a screw / nut connection is formed between the base 10 and the receiving opening 64 by means of the threads 17 and 65. As a result, when the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64, the box 1 is at least held by the support wall 61 in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1, while also being held along the compression direction X1. The nut connection between the base 10 and the receiving opening 64 is preferably irreversible because the force applied by the spring 30 to the base 10 prevents relative rotation from being triggered between the base 10 and the receiving opening 64.

[0071] When the threads 17 and 65 engage with each other, the support position of the base 10 relative to the support wall 61 along the compression direction X1 can be adjusted, and the base 10 is retained by the support wall 61. The support position can be adjusted within a continuous range of positions of the base 10 along the compression direction X1, where the range of positions corresponds to the screw stroke of the external thread 17 in the internal thread 65. In other words, by screwing the base 10 in and out of the receiving opening 64, the support position of the base 10 relative to the support wall 61 can be adjusted along the compression direction X1.

[0072] In order to drive the base in rotation about the axis X10 and thus to perform screwing in and / or out to adjust the support position of the base 10 , it is advantageous to access the actuating head 16 from the outside of the housing 60 , in particular from the outer surface 66 .

[0073] At one of the ends of the stack 51 (the end opposite the load-bearing wall 63), the stack 51 advantageously includes a movable terminal plate 53 (sometimes also called a "spring plate"). When the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64 and the cassette 1 is in the released configuration, the foot 20 of the cassette 1 abuts against the movable terminal plate 53. Thus, the respective pressure F30 of each cassette 1 is exerted on the stack 51 via its respective foot 20 in the compression direction X1.

[0074] During use of the battery 50, when the stack 51 may expand and contract in the compression direction X1, the foot 20, under the action of the spring 30, is held against the stack in the compression direction X1, sliding relative to the base 10 as necessary to accommodate such expansion or contraction. The base 10 is held in place by being received in the receiving opening 64. The support wall 61, which has the receiving opening 64, is itself fixedly attached to the opposing load-bearing wall 63 via the longitudinal wall 62. When the stack 51 is pressed against the wall 63 in the compression direction X1, the stack 51 is compressed between the foot 20 and the load-bearing wall 63, and during compression, it is subjected to the pressure F30 applied by the spring 30 of each cartridge 1.

[0075] The support wall 61 and the cartridge or cartridges 1 together form a dimension compensation system, here integrated into the fuel cell 50 .

[0076] Other elements may be inserted into the stack 51 between the movable terminal plates 53 and the load-bearing walls 63 , such as current collecting plates and / or insulating plates.

[0077] In order to allow the base 10 to be received in the receiving opening 64 while the foot 20 extends out of the receiving opening 64 to abut against the stack 51, the box 1 and the receiving opening 64 are preferably configured so that the box 1 can be inserted into the receiving opening 64 along the compression direction X1 (i.e., from the outer surface 66 of the support wall 61). Moreover, this insertion can be performed even when the support wall 61 is already fixed to the load-bearing wall 63, specifically via the longitudinal wall 62. Advantageously, the box 1 is inserted when it is in a preloaded configuration, so that the base 10, foot 20, spring 30, and retaining system 40 form a single, integrated assembly, which is therefore easier to handle. The box 1 is then inserted into the opening 64, first inserting the foot 20, until the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64 and is retained there in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1 by the mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65. This advantageously allows the box 1 to be installed even when the housing 60 is already assembled or partially assembled, and the interior of the housing 60 is difficult to access and / or the stack 51 is already received.

[0078] Due to the shape of the cartridge 1, and in particular due to the fact that the radial footprint of the foot 20 and the spring 30 is smaller than the radial footprint of the base 10 about the axis X10, the cartridge 1 can be inserted into the receiving opening 64 in the compression direction X1. Specifically, it is provided that during the insertion of the cartridge 1 into the receiving opening 64 in the compression direction X1, the foot 20 is narrow enough to pass through the receiving opening 64 from the outer surface 66 until the cartridge extends beyond the support wall 61 into the housing 60. Specifically, it is provided that during the insertion of the cartridge 1 into the opening 64 in the compression direction X1, the spring 30 is narrow enough to pass through the receiving opening 64. It is also provided that the distal end 12 of the base 10 can enter the receiving opening 64 by insertion in the compression direction X1, i.e., from the outer surface 66.

[0079] Preferably, when the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64, it is provided that if the cartridge 1 is in the preloaded configuration, it can be placed in the released configuration from the outer surface 66, and / or if it is in the released configuration, it can be placed in the preloaded configuration. For example, when the cartridge 1 is in the preloaded configuration and received in the receiving opening 64, the head 44 of the screw 43 (specifically, the marking 46) is accessible from the proximal end 11 of the base 10, i.e., from the outer surface 66. Thus, the screw 43 can be actuated from outside the housing 60. Specifically, the screw 43 can be removed through the opening in the central conduit 14 on the side of the proximal end 11 to place the cartridge 1 in the released configuration. Conversely, when the cartridge 1 is in the released configuration, the screw 43 can be introduced into the central conduit 14 through the opening in the proximal end 11. The screw 43 can then be actuated by rotation from the proximal end 11 to engage the threaded body 45 with the threaded hole 42, thereby achieving the preloaded configuration, for example, to allow for opening the cell housing 60. This facilitates maintenance of the fuel cell 50.

[0080] Preferably, provision is made for actuation of the screw 43 only for switching the cartridge 1 between the preloaded configuration and the released configuration. In a variant, provision is optionally made that, when the cartridge 1 is in the preloaded configuration, the value of the pressure F30 can be adjusted by actuating the screw 43.

[0081] A first embodiment of the compensation system will now be described, specifically the cartridge 1. This application can also be considered as a method for manufacturing the fuel cell 50, or as a method for arranging and maintaining the compression of the stack 51.

[0082] Preferably, before inserting the cartridge 1 into the receiving opening 64 , said cartridge 1 on the one hand and the stack 51 and the housing 60 on the other hand are prepared.

[0083] like Figure 4 As shown, to prepare the stack 51 and the housing 60, the stack 51 is pressed against the bearing wall 63 in the compression direction X1. For this purpose, for example, the bearing wall 63 is horizontally arranged, a plurality of batteries 52 are stacked, and then the movable terminal plates 53 are stacked.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, the support wall 61 is also attached to the load-bearing wall 63, preferably after the stack 51 is supported on the load-bearing wall 63. For this attachment step, the longitudinal wall 62 is first attached to the load-bearing wall 63 (for example, using screws). Then, the support wall 61 is attached to the longitudinal wall 62, for example, using screws (for example, using screws). At this time, the load-bearing wall 63 is set at a predetermined position relative to the support wall 61 along the compression direction X1 and is fixedly attached to the support wall 61 by the longitudinal wall 62. The stack 51 is then received in the housing 60, located between the walls 61 and 63, and at a certain distance from the support wall 61, while being covered by the longitudinal wall 62.

[0085] The preparation of the box 1 is independent of the preparation of the housing 60. This step can in particular be carried out in parallel with the preparation of the housing 60. In any case, the preparation of the box 1 must take precedence over its insertion into the receiving opening 64. In order to prepare the box 1, once the base 10, the foot 20, the spring 30 and the system 40 have been provided or manufactured, they are assembled. This consists in positioning the spring 30 so that it rests against the base 10 in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1 and bears on the foot 20 in the compression direction X1. At this stage, the box 1 is in a released configuration so that the foot 20 can slide freely relative to the base 10, but is still subject to the pressure F30 of the spring 30.

[0086] While the base 10 is held in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1, a force opposite to the compression direction X1 is then applied to the foot 20 (e.g., using pressure), causing the foot 20 to slide toward the base 10, thereby stressing the spring 30, i.e., in this case, compressing it. The value of the force applied to the foot 20 is preferably calibrated to correspond to the value of the pressure F30 that the cartridge 1 will later exert on the stack 51 when the cartridge 1 is received in the receiving opening 64 and in the released configuration. Once the desired force is achieved, the cartridge 1 is placed in a preloaded configuration, which prevents the foot 20 from sliding relative to the base 10 and fixes the value of the pressure F30 to the value of the force applied to the foot 20 in the opposite direction. For example, if only one cartridge 1 is provided, the value of the pressure F30 in the cartridge 1 in the preloaded configuration is specified to be between 2 and 3 kilonewtons. If multiple cartridges are present, this pressure value is advantageously specified to be divided by the number of cartridges used to maintain the stack 51 in compression.

[0087] Specifically, in order to place the cartridge 1 in the preloaded configuration, the screw 43 is inserted into the central tube 14 until the threaded body 45 reaches the threaded hole 42. Subsequently, the screw 43 is tightened by actuating the stamp 46. This actuation causes the threaded body 45 to be screwed into the threaded hole 42 until the head 44 abuts the axial shoulder 41 in the compression direction X1. The screw 43 then prevents the foot 20 from sliding relative to the base 10 in the compression direction X1, so that the base 10, the foot 20 and the retaining system 40 maintain the preloaded state of the spring 30 at the desired pressure F30 value. The ability to adjust the pressure F30 before installing the spring 30 in the battery 50 is easier to implement and the adjustment is more precise.

[0088] If it is planned to equip the battery with other cartridges 1 ′, as is the case in the present example, said cartridges are prepared in the same way as cartridge 1 in order to obtain the desired values ​​of the respective pressures F30 .

[0089] Once the cartridge 1 and housing 60 (and any other cartridges 1') are ready, an initial compressive force F70 is applied to the stack 51 using a press 70 or by any other pressure member other than the cartridge 1 itself, such as Figure 4 For this purpose, for example, it is provided that the supporting wall 61 comprises secondary openings 67 passing through said wall parallel to the compression direction X1. These secondary openings 67 (see Figure 3 ) is distinct from the receiving opening 64. The presser 70 advantageously comprises one or more compression members 71 which then pass through the secondary opening 67 to apply an initial compression force F70 to the stack 51 through the support wall 61.

[0090] If only one cartridge 1 is equipped with a fuel cell 50, the initial compressive force F70 is advantageously set to a value slightly greater than the value of the pressure F30 of cartridge 1 in the preloaded configuration. If, in addition to cartridge 1, other cartridges 1′ are to be equipped with fuel cells 50, the initial compressive force F70 is advantageously set to a value slightly greater than the sum of the values ​​of the accumulated pressures F30 of cartridges 1 and 1′ in the preloaded configuration.

[0091] While maintaining the initial compression force F70 against the stack 51, the box 1 is inserted into the corresponding receiving opening 64. During the entire insertion process, the box 1 is in a preloaded configuration. For this insertion, the box 1 is inserted from the outside of the housing 60, or at least inserted starting from the outer surface 66 side. For this insertion, the box 1 is inserted by translation along the compression direction X1. First, the foot 20 is passed through the receiving opening 64, and then the spring 30 is passed through. Once through the receiving opening 64, the foot 20 and the spring 30 enter the interior of the housing 60, while the base 10 is still preferably located outside the outer surface 66, at least for the proximal end 11. The insertion starts with the translation of the box 1 and then continues by advantageously screwing the base 10 into the receiving opening 64 at the engagement of the threads 17 and 65. In order to achieve the screwing-in operation, the base is preferably actuated using an actuator head 16, which can be approached from the outside of the housing 60, specifically from the outer surface 66.

[0092] Insertion (here including screwing) is carried out until the foot 20 begins to rest against the stack 51, in particular against the movable terminal strip 53, in the compression direction X1. When the foot 20 is thus supported on the stack 51, the base 10 is advantageously located in the so-called "docking position" relative to the support wall 61 in the compression direction X1. When the foot 20 reaches the stack 51, the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64, here by the mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65, and is retained by the receiving opening 64 in the direction opposite to the compression direction X1 relative to the support wall 61. During these steps, the box 1 is still in the preloaded configuration and maintains the initial compression force F70.

[0093] If further cassettes 1 ′ are to be installed, they are installed in respective receiving openings 64 in the same manner as cassette 1 .

[0094] Once the box 1 and the other boxes 1 ' have been installed, specifically as described above, the base 10 is received and retained in the receiving opening 64 and the foot 20 is supported on the stack 51, the box 1 or each box 1 and 1 ' (if applicable) is placed in a released configuration. To this end, in this example, the screw 43 is unscrewed to release the translation of the foot 20 relative to the base 10. Then, since the retaining system 40 is no longer subject to the pressure F30, the spring 30 applies the pressure F30 to the stack 51 through the foot 20 and is supported on the support wall 61 through the base 10. When the box 1 enters the released configuration, the pressure F30 thus generated is superimposed on the initial compression force F70 (applied by the forcer 70) in view of the load of the initial compression force F70. If multiple boxes are provided, the pressure F30 of these boxes is superimposed on the initial compression force F70 in view of the common load of the initial compression force F70. Once the box 1 or all boxes 1 (if applicable) are in the released configuration, the initial compression force F70 can be released. Then it is achieved Figure 3Then, for the cartridge 1 or each cartridge 1 and 1 ′, the pressure F30 calibrated when the cartridge is in the preloaded configuration is applied to the stack 51 at the same value or a value very close thereto. In this way, the desired compressive force value is applied to the stack 51 in a particularly simple, reliable, precise and safe manner.

[0095] Preferably, the cartridge or cartridges remain in the released configuration throughout the service life of the fuel cell 50 , except for any maintenance operations, so as to maintain the compression of the stack 51 below the value of the pressure F30 (or, if applicable, the sum of the pressures F30 ).

[0096] In a variant, another type of spring than a helical spring may be provided for the spring 30 of the cartridge 1 , for example comprising a spring washer, sometimes called a Belleville washer.

[0097] In one variant, regardless of whether or not spring 30 includes a spring washer, it can be provided that spring 30 is designed so that the value of pressure F30 of spring 30 does not change, or changes very little, within a range of elongation values ​​of spring 30, said elongation value range being a certain range around the elongation achieved when cartridge 1 is in the preloaded configuration. Specifically, this can be achieved by using a spring with a spring washer. Advantageously, once cartridge 1 is installed in fuel cell 50 and in the released configuration, spring 30 is within this elongation value range, thereby ensuring that the value of pressure F30 does not change, or changes very little, despite changes in the dimensions of stack 51.

[0098] The second embodiment of the compensation system will now be explained, in particular the cartridge 1. As mentioned above, before inserting the cartridge 1 into the opening 64, it is preferred to prepare said cartridge 1 on the one hand and the stack 51 and the housing 60 on the other hand.

[0099] The cartridge 1 is prepared in the same manner as described above so that it is in a preloaded configuration before being inserted into the receiving opening 64 of the support wall 61. The value of the force applied to the foot 20 at this time is preferably calibrated to correspond to a value of the pressure F30 that is desired when the cartridge 1 is later applied to the stack 51 when the cartridge 1 is received in the receiving opening 64 and placed in the released configuration within the fuel cell 50.

[0100] As described above, the stack 51 and the housing 60 are prepared separately, and the stack 51 abuts against the bearing wall 63 in the compression direction X1. For this purpose, for example, the bearing wall 63 is horizontally arranged, and a plurality of batteries 52 are stacked, followed by the movable terminal plates 53.

[0101] like Figure 6As shown, unlike the previous embodiment, the cartridge 1 is inserted into the receiving opening 64 of the support wall 61 before the support wall 61 is connected to the load-bearing wall 63. To this end, when the cartridge 1 is in a preloaded configuration and the support wall 61 has not yet been attached to the rest of the housing 60, the cartridge 1 is inserted into the receiving opening 64 until the base 10 is positioned in a specific support position, referred to as the "retracted position," relative to the support wall 61 along the compression direction X1. Thus, the base 10 is received in the receiving opening 64 in the retracted position and is held there in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1 by the mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65. Thus, according to this second embodiment, the size compensation system (including the support wall 61 and the cartridge 1) is pre-assembled before being integrated into the fuel cell 50.

[0102] According to this second embodiment, the cartridge 1 can be inserted in the manner described above, i.e., from the outer surface 66 of the support wall 61 in the compression direction X1. In a variant, since the support wall 61 is not yet attached, the cartridge 1 can be inserted from the inner surface 69 of the support wall 61 in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. Advantageously, this second embodiment allows the cartridge 1 to be inserted through the outer surface 66 or the inner surface 69, as long as the base 10 and the receiving opening 64 have a geometry that allows the cartridge 1 to be inserted into the receiving opening 64 from the inner surface 69 in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. This second embodiment also allows the cartridge 1 to be inserted into the receiving opening 64 independently (particularly in advance or in parallel) of the assembly of the rest of the fuel cell 50 (particularly the stack 51 and the rest of the housing 60).

[0103] If a plurality of cassettes 1 are to be mounted, provision is advantageously made for all cassettes 1 to be inserted into their respective receiving openings 64 before being attached to the support wall 61 .

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, once the cassette 1 or each cassette 1 is received in the retracted position in the corresponding receiving opening 64 of the support wall 61, the support wall 61 is connected to the load-bearing wall 63, and the cassette 1 is carried by the support wall 61 through the receiving opening 64 in the retracted position and in the preloaded configuration. Since the cassette 1 is in the retracted position, the foot 20 does not abut the stack 51, while the support wall 61 is still attached to the load-bearing wall 63 via the longitudinal wall 62. In other words, when the support wall 61 is attached and the base 10 is in the retracted position and the cassette 1 is in the preloaded configuration, the foot 20 is away from the stack 51 in the compression direction X1. In other words, the retracted position is a waiting position defined as a first distance measured between the inner surface 69 and the bearing pad 22 in the compression direction X1 when the base 10 is in the retracted position and the cassette 1 is in the preloaded configuration, and the support wall 61 is attached.

[0105] Preferably, the support wall 61 carrying the cartridge 1 in the retracted position is attached when the initial compressive force F70 has not yet been applied to the stack 51. This may facilitate the design of the pressure member that will later apply the initial compressive force F70.

[0106] Then, an initial compressive force F70 is applied to the stack 51 using a pressure member different from that of the cartridge 1 .

[0107] While applying the initial compressive force F70, the base 10 is actuated to be moved relative to the support wall 61 in the compression direction X1 into the receiving opening 64, moving from the retracted position to a support position, referred to as the "docked position," in which the foot 20 abuts against the stack in the compression direction X1. This can be achieved by screwing the base 10 into the receiving opening 64 while the threads 17 and 65 engage with each other, thereby allowing continuous adjustment of the support position of the base relative to the support wall 61 in the compression direction X1. In this case, the base 10 is held in the docked position in the compression direction X1 by the receiving opening 64, while the foot 20 abuts against the stack 51 in the compression direction X1, and the cartridge 1 remains in the preloaded configuration.

[0108] If further boxes 1 ′ are provided, all are moved in a similar manner into their docking position, with their feet 20 resting on the stack 51 .

[0109] Once the cassette 1 (and any other cassettes 1 ', if applicable) are in the docked position, one or each cassette 1 is switched to the release configuration. As described above, for this purpose, the screw 43 is unscrewed to release the translation of the foot portion 20 relative to the base 10. As described above, the initial compressive force F70 is eventually released. In a variant, after the initial compressive force F70 is released, one or each cassette 1 is switched to the release configuration.

[0110] In a variant, for this second embodiment, provision is made for the adhesive connection of the support wall 61 with the load-bearing wall 63 to be completed while the initial compressive force F70 is already being applied to the stack 51, wherein the support wall 61 carries the cartridge 1 in the retracted position. This makes it possible to reduce the travel of the base 10 between the retracted position and the docking position.

[0111] In a variant, whatever the intended use, provision may be made, as regards spring 30 of cartridge 1 , to use another type of spring than a helical spring, for example comprising a spring washer.

[0112] In one variant, whether the spring 30 is a spring washer or another type, it can be provided that the spring 30 is designed so that the value of the pressure F30 of the spring 30 does not change, or changes very little, within a range of elongation values ​​of the spring 30, which is a certain range around the elongation value obtained when the cartridge 1 is in the preloaded configuration. In particular, this can be achieved by using a spring with a spring washer. Springs with spring washers generally have a more linear operating range than coil springs. For example, it can be advantageous to provide that, once the cartridge 1 is installed in the fuel cell 50 and in the released configuration, the spring 30 is within this range of elongation values, so that the value of the pressure F30 does not change, or changes very little, despite changes in the dimensions of the stack 51.

[0113] Figures 7 to 9 A cartridge 101 is shown in accordance with a second embodiment connected to a fuel cell 150 that is identical to the fuel cell 50 except that cartridge 1 is replaced with cartridge 101. Cartridge 101 is identical to cartridge 1 except for the differences discussed below. Figure 1-9 The same reference numerals are used to indicate Figure 1-6 and Figure 7-9 The same features or functions in the embodiments of Figure 7-9 Reference numerals increased by 100 are used to denote different features, but these features ensure that Figure 1-6 Similar functions and / or alternative features of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0114] like Figure 7-8 As shown, the box 101 includes a base 110 (replacing the base 10), a foot 120 (replacing the foot 20), a spring 130 (replacing the spring 30), and a retaining system 40. The box 101 has a use orientation, defining a compression direction X1, which is fixed relative to the base 110 and points from the base 110 to the foot 120. The box 101 is geometrically passed through by a central axis X10 parallel to the compression direction X1.

[0115] Like cartridge 1, cartridge 101 is configured to be loaded by holding system 40 in a preloaded configuration (e.g., Figure 7-8 and release configurations.

[0116] Except for the differences mentioned below, the base 110 is identical to the base 10. Specifically, the base 110 has the same proximal end 11 as the base 10, the same distal end 12 as the box 1, the same peripheral wall 13 as the base 10, and preferably the same central conduit 14 as the box 1 (e.g., Figure 8These elements are fixed to one another. Axis X10 passes through proximal end 11 and distal end 12, with distal end 12 positioned in compression direction X1 relative to proximal end 11. A peripheral wall 13 surrounds axis X10 and connects proximal end 11 and distal end 12. A central conduit 14 (if provided) advantageously extends from proximal end 11 through the base to distal end 12, centered about axis X10.

[0117] Preferably, the base 110 includes the same actuating head 16 as the cartridge 1, and the peripheral wall 13 carries the same external thread 17 as the cartridge 1. The foot 120 slides relative to the base 110 in the compression direction X1 under the guidance of the base 10. To this end, as in the cartridge 1, the foot 120 includes, for example, a sliding leg 21 received to slide in the sliding channel 18 formed by the central channel 14. As in the cartridge 1, the foot 120 of the cartridge 101 is designed to abut against a surface to be pressed perpendicular to the compression direction X1 in the compression direction X1, via the same support pads 22 as in the cartridge 1. As previously mentioned, the surface to be pressed is the surface of the stack 51.

[0118] The foot 120 differs from the foot 20 in that it has an optional sleeve 129 extending from the periphery of the support pad 22 in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. The sleeve 129 is tubular and preferably has a circular base centered on the axis X10.

[0119] Preferably, the support pad 22 of the box 101 is generally disc-shaped, similar to the shape of the box 1.

[0120] While for cartridge 1, distal end 12 terminates at base 10, base 110 of cartridge 101 further includes a skirt 119 that extends from distal end 12 beyond base 110. Skirt 119 forms an outer flange 181 and, optionally, a sleeve 182.

[0121] An outer flange 181 extends radially outwards from the peripheral wall 13 relative to the axis X10 and is formed along the axis X10 at the distal end 12 . The outer flange 181 preferably extends over the entire periphery of the base 110 .

[0122] The outer flange 181 forms a shoulder opposite to the compression direction X1. Figure 9 As shown, during the manufacturing process of the fuel cell 150, when the base 110 is received in the receiving opening 64 in the retracted position, the base 110 can abut against the support wall 61 opposite to the compression direction X1 via the flange 181. Specifically, it is designed so that when the base 110 is in the retracted position, the outer flange 181 then abuts against the inner surface 69 of the support wall 61. The outer flange 181 ensures that when the cartridge 101 is inserted in the direction opposite to the compression direction X1, it cannot completely pass through the receiving opening 64.

[0123] The presence of the outer flange 181 (which extends radially outward relative to the peripheral wall 13 and is radially larger than the receiving opening 64) advantageously prevents the cartridge 101 from being inserted into the receiving opening 64 along the compression direction X1, and only allows insertion along the direction opposite to the compression direction X1 from the inner surface 69. When the base 110 is received in the receiving opening 64 in the docking position, the outer flange 181 moves away from the support wall 61, specifically away from the inner surface 69, along the compression direction X1.

[0124] The sleeve 182 (if present) extends from the outer edge of the outer flange 181 in the compression direction X1. The sleeve 182 is tubular and advantageously has a circular base centered on the axis X10. The sleeve 182 radially surrounds the foot 120 and the spring 130 from the outside. The sleeve 182 also surrounds the sleeve 129. It can be provided that when the sleeve 182 receives the sleeve 129 to guide its sliding movement in the compression direction X1, the sleeve 182 helps guide the foot 120 in sliding movement in the compression direction X1. As a result, the sliding guidance of the foot 120 is improved. It can be provided that the sleeves 129 and 182 surrounding the spring 130 have a protective function for the spring 130, particularly when the cartridge 101 is in the preloaded configuration.

[0125] Unlike the cartridge 1, the support pad 22 and the sleeve 129 of the cartridge 101 can be provided with an outer diameter and / or radial dimension that is greater than or equal to that of the peripheral wall 13, since the cartridge 101 is provided to be inserted into the receiving opening 64 only in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. In fact, during the insertion of the cartridge 101, the foot 120 does not need to pass through the receiving opening 64, and the foot 120, or at least the support pad 22 and the sleeve 129, remain on one side of the inner surface 69.

[0126] Spring 130 performs the same function as spring 30, but differs in that it is composed of a stack of spring washers (e.g., Belleville washers) centered about axis X10, rather than a coil spring. Spring 130 is supported on base 110 and, through its elasticity, applies a pressure F30 to foot 120 in compression direction X1. Preferably, spring 130 is compressed in compression direction X1. Spring 130, formed of spring washers, is configured so that the value of pressure F30 is constant or varies minimally within a range of elongation values ​​of spring 130. Preferably, when cartridge 101 is in a preloaded configuration and when cartridge 101 is in a released configuration installed in fuel cell 150, the elongation value of spring 130 is within a range where pressure F30 is barely affected or unaffected by changes in elongation value. Compared to coil spring 30, Belleville-type spring 130 more easily achieves this linear operating range.

[0127] For example, preferably spring washers are used, each having a ratio R of 1.3-1.5, preferably approximately equal to 1.4, the ratio R being calculated as follows:

[0128] Ratio R = [gasket height - gasket thickness] / gasket thickness

[0129] “Washer height” refers to the value measured from one end of the spring washer to the other along the axis X10 when the spring washer is not deformed.

[0130] “Gasket thickness” means the measure of the thickness of the material constituting the gasket along the axis X10 .

[0131] Furthermore, the spring 130 made of a spring washer has the advantage of repeatability of the pressure F30, in particular compared to a helical spring.

[0132] In order to apply a pressure F30 to the foot 120 while being supported on the base 110, a spring 130 is provided, parallel to the compression direction X1, between the distal end 12 of the base 110 and the support pad 22 of the foot 120. As previously mentioned, the distal end 12 and the support pad 22 respectively form opposing bearing walls, each receiving a respective end of a spring 130. The spring 130 is arranged, for example, around the sliding leg 21 of the foot 120.

[0133] In one variation, spring 130 may be replaced by coil spring 30 described above.

[0134] As with spring 30, it is provided that the radial dimensions of spring 130, relative to axis X10, are smaller than the radial dimensions of base 110, specifically, peripheral wall 13, and in this example, also smaller than the radial dimensions of support pad 22. In other words, spring 130 does not extend radially beyond base 110. However, this is not mandatory, as the spring does not need to pass through receiving opening 64. When cartridge 101 is inserted into receiving opening 64 in a direction opposite to compression direction X1, spring 130 remains on one side of inner surface 69 and may be partially received in receiving opening 64.

[0135] As in the case of the case 1 , the central tube 14 of the case 101 preferably forms an axial shoulder 41, which is located at the proximal end 11 or between the proximal end 11 and the sliding tube 18 and faces in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. The axial shoulder 41 forms a primary retaining portion belonging to the retaining system 40 and is integral with the base 110. As in the case 1 , preferably, a threaded hole 42 is provided in the sliding leg 21 of the foot 120 of the case 101. The threaded hole 42 forms a secondary retaining portion belonging to the retaining system 40 and is integral with the foot 120. As in the case 1 , the retaining system 40 of the case 101 preferably also includes a screw 43 having a head 44 and a threaded body 45. The screw 43 advantageously constitutes a retaining member belonging to the retaining system 40 of the case 101 and interacts with the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion in the same manner as in the case of the case 1 .

[0136] As with cassette 1, the retaining system 40 of cassette 101 advantageously allows adjustment of the position of foot 120 relative to base 110 along compression direction X1, referred to as a "retaining position," in which the retaining system 40 prevents the foot 120 from sliding. In effect, by screwing screw 43 in threaded hole 42 in or out of the threaded hole 42, the retaining position of foot 120 held by screw 43 is changed. By screwing in, foot 120 is brought closer to base 110, while by screwing out, foot 120 is moved away from base 110. Thus, the retaining position in which the retaining system 40 maintains foot 120 can be selected from a continuous range of positions of foot 120 along compression direction X1.

[0137] Adjusting the position of the bottom foot 120 is beneficial to adjusting the size of the box 101 along the compression direction X1 and adapting to different usage situations of the box 101.

[0138] In order to switch the cartridge 101 to the release configuration, it is necessary to separate the primary retaining portion from the secondary retaining portion, preferably by removing the retaining member, in the same manner as for cartridge 1. As for cartridge 1, the screw 43 has a groove 46 at one end at the head 44, for example a hexagonal groove, so that a person using a tool or a machine can rotate the screw 43 about the axis X10.

[0139] The following explains Figure 7-9 Embodiments of the compensation system of the present invention are described, in particular embodiments of the cartridge 101. As described above, before inserting the cartridge 101 into the receiving opening 64, it is advantageous to prepare the cartridge 101 on the one hand and the stack 51 and the housing 60 on the other hand.

[0140] The cartridge 101 is prepared in the same manner as described above, so that before the cartridge 101 is inserted into the receiving opening 64 of the support wall 61 , the cartridge 101 is in a preloaded configuration.

[0141] As described above, the stack 51 and the housing 60 are prepared separately, and the stack 51 is supported in the compression direction X1 by the bearing wall 63. For this purpose, for example, the bearing wall 63 is horizontally arranged, and the electrochemical cells 52 and then the movable terminal plates 53 are stacked.

[0142] Before attaching the support wall 61 to the load-bearing wall 63, the cartridge 101 is inserted into the receiving opening 64 of the support wall 61 while it is in a preloaded configuration and before the support wall 61 is attached to the rest of the housing 60. Insertion of the cartridge 101 is performed from the inner surface 69 in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1. The cartridge 101 is inserted into the receiving opening 64 until the base 110 is in the retracted position, where the outer flange 181 of the cartridge abuts the inner surface 69. Thus, the base 110 is received in the retracted position in the receiving opening 64 and, through the interengagement of the threads 17 and 65, is held in the position opposite to the compression direction X1. Thus, before the cartridge is integrated into the battery 150, the dimensional compensation system comprising the support wall 61 and the cartridge 101 is preassembled. After the cartridge 101 is inserted in a direction opposite to the compression direction X1, the spring 130 and the foot 120 do not pass through the receiving opening 64, but remain on the side of the inner surface 69.

[0143] If multiple cassettes are to be installed, advantageously, all cassettes are inserted into their corresponding receiving openings 64 before the support wall 61 is attached in a similar manner in the retracted position. The support wall 61 is then attached to the load-bearing wall 63, while the cassettes 101 are carried by the support wall 61 through the receiving openings 64 in the retracted position and in a preloaded configuration. This achieves Figure 9 The state shown. Because the cartridge 101 is in the retracted position, the foot 120 does not abut the stack 51, while the support wall 61 is still attached to the load-bearing wall 63 via the longitudinal wall 62. In other words, when the support wall 61 is attached to the support wall, the base 110 is in the retracted position, and the cartridge 101 is in the preloaded configuration, the foot 120 is away from the stack 51 in the compression direction X1. As described above, the retracted position is a standby position defined as a first distance between the inner surface 69 and the support pad 22 measured in the compression direction X1 and while the support wall 61 is attached to the support wall when the base 110 is in the retracted position and the cartridge 101 is in the preloaded configuration, less than a second distance between the inner surface 69 and the stack 51 measured in the compression direction X1.

[0144] As described above, provision may be made for the attachment of the support wall 61 of the carrier 101 to be effected in the retracted position before the initial compressive force F70 is applied to the stack 51. This may facilitate the design of the pressure member that will later apply the initial compressive force F70.

[0145] An initial compressive force F70 is then applied to the stack 51 using a pressure member different from the cartridge 101 .

[0146] While applying the initial compressive force F70, the base 110 is actuated to move into the receiving opening 64 relative to the support wall 61 in the compression direction X1, moving from the retracted position to the docking position, at which point the foot 120 abuts the stack 51 in the compression direction X1. This can be achieved by screwing the base 110 into the receiving opening 64 while the threads 17 and 65 engage with each other, thereby allowing the position of the base 110 relative to the support wall 61 to be continuously adjusted in the compression direction X1. The same is true for the other cartridges. In the docking position, the outer flange 181 is away from the inner surface 69. In this case, the base 110 is held in the docking position in the compression direction X1 by the receiving opening 64, while the foot 120 abuts the stack 51 in the compression direction X1, and the cartridge 101 remains in the preloaded configuration.

[0147] Once the cassette 101 and any other cassettes (if applicable) are in the docked position, one or each cassette is switched to the release configuration. As described above, to do this, the loose screw 43 is unscrewed to release the translation of the foot 120 relative to the base 110. As described above, the initial compressive force F70 is eventually released.

[0148] In a variant, provision is made for the attachment of the support wall 61 to the load-bearing wall 63 to be effected while the initial compression force F70 has been applied to the stack 51 , the support wall 61 carrying the cassette 101 in the retracted position.

[0149] Any features described above for one embodiment or variant are applicable to the other embodiments and variants described above, as far as technically feasible.

Claims

1. A cartridge (1; 101) for holding a stack (51) of electrochemical cells (52) belonging to a fuel cell (50; 150) in a compressed state along a compression direction (X1), the cartridge (1; 101) comprising: - base (10; 110), when the base (10; 110) is received in a receiving opening (64) integrally formed with or belonging to the fuel cell (50; 150), the cartridge (1; 101) is configured to be held in a direction opposite to the compression direction (X1) by the base; - foot (20; 120); The foot (20; 120) is arranged relative to the base (10; 110) along the compression direction (X1) and slides relative to the base (10; 110) parallel to the compression direction (X1), and The foot (20; 120) is configured to abut against the stack (51) along the compression direction (X1) when the base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64); - a spring (30; 130) located on the base (10; 110) so as to exert a pressure (F30) on the foot (20; 120) in the compression direction (X1); as well as - a holding system (40) comprising: a primary holding portion (41) integrally formed with the base (10; 110) and a secondary holding portion (42) integrally formed with the foot (20; 120), the primary holding portion (41) and the secondary holding portion (42) being configured to: when the cartridge (1; 101) is in the preloaded configuration, they engage with each other so that the engaged primary retaining portion (41) and the secondary retaining portion (42) prevent the foot (20; 120) from sliding relative to the base (10; 110) in the compression direction (X1); and When the box (1; 101) is in the released configuration, they are separated from each other so that the separated primary retaining portion (41) and secondary retaining portion (42) allow the foot (20; 120) to slide relative to the base (10; 110) in the compression direction (X1).

2. A box (1; 101) according to claim 1, wherein the retaining system (40) is configured to allow adjustment of the retaining position of the base (20; 120) to adjust the value of the pressure (F30) applied by the spring (30; 130), the retaining position of the base being defined relative to the base (10; 110) and for this purpose the retaining system (40) preventing the base (20; 120) from sliding within a continuous range of positions of the base (20; 120) along the compression direction (X1).

3. A box (1; 101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining system (40) includes a retaining member (43), and when the box (1; 101) is in the preloaded configuration, the primary retaining part (41) and the secondary retaining part (42) are connected to each other by the retaining member.

4. A cartridge (1; 101) according to claim 3, wherein - the retaining member (43) comprises a head and a threaded body; - the main retaining portion (41) forms a shoulder; and - the secondary retaining portion (42) forms a threaded hole parallel to the compression direction (X1), and when the head abuts against the shoulder along the compression direction (X1) and the threaded body engages with the threaded hole, the primary retaining portion (41) and the secondary retaining portion (42) are coupled to each other.

5. A box (1; 101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base (10; 110) is formed with an external thread (17) so that when the base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64), the box (1; 101) can be held in a direction opposite to the compression direction (X1) by the engagement of the external thread (17) with the internal thread (65) formed by the receiving opening (64).

6. Cassette (1; 101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spring (30; 130) is a compression spring located between the base (10; 110) and the foot (20; 120) in a compression direction (X1).

7. A size compensation system comprising: A cartridge (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims; 101) and a support wall (61), said support wall (61) being different from said box (1; 101) and forming a receiving opening (64), the receiving opening (64) being formed in a shape suitable for receiving the base (10; 110) so that when the base (10; 110) is received, the foot (20; 120) of the box (1; 101) extends from the support wall (61) along the compression direction (X1), and the base (10; 110) can be approached from the outer surface (66) of the support wall (61) and is opposite to the foot (20; 120).

8. A size compensation system according to claim 7, wherein the shapes of the receiving opening (64) and the base (10) are such that the base (10) can be received in the receiving opening (64) by inserting the box (1) into the receiving opening (64) along the compression direction (X1), and the shapes of the receiving opening (64), the spring (30) and the base foot (20) are such that when the base (10; 110) is inserted into the receiving opening (64) along the compression direction (X1), the spring (30) and the base foot (20) can pass through the receiving opening (64).

9. A size compensation system according to any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the shapes of the receiving opening (64) and the base (10; 110) are such that the base (10; 110) can be received in the receiving opening (64) by inserting the box (1; 101) into the receiving opening (64) in a direction opposite to the compression direction (X1).

10. A dimensional compensation system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the receiving opening (64) and the base (10; 110) are configured to allow the support position of the base (10; 110) to be adjusted within a continuous position range of the base (10; 110) along the compression direction (X1), the support position being defined relative to the support wall (61), and when the base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64), the base (10; 110) is maintained in the support position.

11. A fuel cell (50; 150), comprising: - A dimensional compensation system according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein: the box (1; 101) is in a released configuration, and The base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64) so ​​as to be held relative to the support wall (61) in a direction opposite to the compression direction (X1); a load-bearing wall (63), said load-bearing wall (63) and said supporting wall (61) being fixedly connected to each other, said load-bearing wall (63) being arranged along said compression direction (X1) relative to said supporting wall (61); and - a stack (51) of electrochemical cells (52) arranged between the support wall (61) and the load-bearing wall (63) and resting against the load-bearing wall (63) in the compression direction (X1), the spring (30; 130) of the box (1; 101) resting on the base (10; 110) and applying the pressure (F30) to the stack (51) in the compression direction (X1) via the foot (20; 120), the foot (20; 120) resting against the stack (51) in the compression direction (X1).

12. A fuel cell (50; 150) according to claim 11, wherein the support wall (61) and the load-bearing wall (63) belong to a housing (60) of the fuel cell (50; 150), the stack (51) being received inside the housing (60), the housing (60) further comprising a longitudinal wall (62) for connecting the support wall (61) to the load-bearing wall (63).

13. Use of the cartridge (1; 101) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: - applying an initial compressive force (F70) to the stack (51) along the compression direction (X1) using a pressure member (70) distinct from the box (1; 101), while the stack (51) bears against the load-bearing wall (63) along the compression direction (X1); - When the box (1; 101) is in the pre-loaded configuration, the box (1; 101) is inserted into the receiving opening (64) until the base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64) to be held in a direction opposite to the compression direction (X1); as well as -When the base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64) and the foot (20; 120) abuts against the stack (51) along the compression direction (X1), the box (1; 101) is in a released configuration and releases the initial compression force (F70) so that the spring (30; 130) resting on the base (10; 110) applies the pressure (F30) to the stack (51) along the compression direction (X1) through the foot (20; 120).

14. The use according to claim 13, wherein: - if only one cartridge (1; 101) is provided, the value of the initial compressive force (F70) is greater than the value of the pressure (F30) obtained when the cartridge (1; 101) is in a preloaded configuration, before the foot (20; 120) comes into contact with the stack (51); or - If further cartridges (1') are provided in addition to said cartridge (1; 101), the value of said initial compressive force (F70) is greater than the sum of the values ​​of said plurality of pressures (F30), the sum of the values ​​of said plurality of pressures (F30) being obtained before the respective feet (20; 120) of said plurality of cartridges (1; 101) abut against the stack (51) and when said plurality of cartridges (1; 101) are in a preloaded configuration.

15. The use according to any one of claims 13 or 14, further comprising, before applying the initial compressive force (F70): - placing the stack (51) against the load-bearing wall (63) along the compression direction (X1); as well as - connecting the supporting wall (61) to the load-bearing wall (63), the receiving opening (64) being formed through the supporting wall (61), the connection of the supporting wall (61) being achieved when the stack (51) abuts against the load-bearing wall (63) along the compression direction (X1), so that the load-bearing wall (63) is arranged relative to the supporting wall (61) along the compression direction (X1), and the stack (51) is arranged between the supporting wall (61) and the load-bearing wall (63).

16. Use according to claim 15, wherein when the box (1) is inserted into the receiving opening (64), the connection between the support wall (61) and the load-bearing wall (63) is already achieved, and when the box (1) is inserted into the receiving opening (64) along the compression direction (X1), the initial compression force (F70) is applied until the base (20) abuts against the stack (51) along the compression direction (X1).

17. Use according to claim 15, wherein the insertion of the box (1; 101) into the receiving opening (64) is already achieved when the supporting wall (61) is connected to the load-bearing wall (63), so that the base (10; 10) is already received in the receiving opening (64) when the supporting wall (61) is connected to the load-bearing wall (63).

18. The use according to claim 17, wherein: - inserting the box (1; 101) into the receiving opening (64) until the base (10; 110) is in a retracted position relative to the support wall (61) along the compression direction (X1); as well as - The use comprises shifting the base (10; 110) from the retracted position to the docking position relative to the support wall (61) along the compression direction (X1), wherein the foot (20; 120) abuts against the stack (51) along the compression direction (X1), the shifting of the base (10; 110) being carried out after the base (10; 110) is received in the receiving opening (64), the support wall (61) is connected, the initial compression force (F70) is applied and before the release configuration of the box (1; 101) is performed.

19. The use according to any one of claims 13 to 18, further comprising, before inserting the box (1; 101), pre-loading the box (1; 101) by combining the primary retaining portion (41) with the secondary protecting portion (42) so that the pressure (F30) reaches a desired value for keeping the stack (51) in a compressed state.

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