Southern low-temperature and low-illumination standardized planting technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a southern low-temperature and low-illumination standardized planting technology, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and the technology comprises the following process steps: soil improvement and microorganism addition: deeply ploughing soil before planting, applying a bio-organic fertilizer to improve the structure and fertility, adding charcoal or matured compost, and carrying out microbial fermentation; by forming a symbiotic relationship with a crop root system and enhancing the nutrient absorption efficiency of crops, the stress resistance of the crops can be remarkably improved and the problem of poor growth caused by environment disadvantage can be reduced under the adverse conditions of low temperature, low illumination and the like, and meanwhile, by applying the special microbial flora which can survive and produce heat in a low-temperature environment, the yield of the crops can be improved. The microalgal symbiotic system effectively increases the rhizosphere temperature, further promotes the growth and development of crop roots, enhances the nutrient absorption ability of crops, and assists photosynthesis and increases the oxygen concentration and photosynthetic product accumulation under the low-temperature and low-illumination conditions, thereby improving the growth speed and stress resistance of crops under the low-temperature and low-illumination conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, environmental factors play a vital role in crop growth. The frequent low temperature and low light weather in winter and early spring in southern China poses severe challenges to crop growth. Under low temperature and low light conditions, insufficient light limits crop photosynthesis, resulting in reduced accumulation of photosynthetic products, while low temperature affects the activity of enzymes in crops, hinders cell division and elongation, and thus slows crop growth. At the same time, this adverse environment will also weaken the crop's resistance to stress, making it more susceptible to attacks by pests and diseases, ultimately leading to lower crop yields and quality. In addition, as global attention to climate change and environmental protection continues to increase, carbon emissions in agricultural production have become increasingly prominent. Traditional agricultural production methods are often accompanied by large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0003] At present, traditional methods for the low-temperature and low-light environment in the south have not fully taken into account aspects such as soil carbon sequestration and microbial synergy. In terms of soil carbon sequestration, traditional agricultural production methods have failed to effectively utilize the carbon sequestration capacity of soil microorganisms, resulting in difficulty in increasing soil organic carbon content, which is not conducive to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of microbial synergy, traditional methods lack systematic regulation of the root microbiome and cannot fully utilize the synergistic effects of microorganisms in promoting crop growth and enhancing stress resistance. In addition, traditional methods have not discovered the huge potential of microalgae in improving the rhizosphere environment, have not established carriers suitable for microalgae growth, and have not screened microalgae varieties with good symbiotic potential with target crops. As a result, crops cannot use microalgae photosynthesis to replenish energy and oxygen under low-light conditions, which limits the growth ability of crops in adverse environments. In addition, the lack of in-depth research and management of the symbiotic relationship between microalgae and crops has made it impossible to achieve close symbiosis between microalgae and crop roots, making it difficult to exert the comprehensive benefits of the microalgae symbiotic system in improving crop stress resistance, promoting growth and improving quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a standardized planting technology for low temperature and low light in the south. It can achieve high-yield and high-quality crops and low-carbon development of agricultural production through comprehensive regulation of crop root microbial groups, combined carbon fixation of organic materials and microorganisms, synergistic warming and growth promotion by microorganisms, and regulation of crop growth rhythm. This technology first improves soil structure and fertility through soil improvement and microbial addition, increases the number and activity of beneficial microorganisms, promotes soil organic carbon fixation and accumulation, and improves soil carbon sequestration capacity. Secondly, it uses special microbial flora to produce heat in a low temperature environment, increase rhizosphere temperature, promote crop root growth and nutrient absorption, and in terms of the construction of microalgae symbiotic system. By setting up a carrier suitable for the growth of microalgae, we ensure that microalgae and crop roots establish a close symbiotic relationship. Under low-light conditions, microalgae use their own photosynthetic system to absorb light energy, provide oxygen and part of the photosynthetic products for crops, and use the substances secreted by the crop roots to grow and reproduce, forming a mutually beneficial symbiotic circulation system. At the same time, through seed pretreatment and the application of microbial agents during transplanting, the stress resistance and growth performance of crops are further enhanced. In daily field management, the fertilization plan and microbial agent supplementation are dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring results to achieve precise management. Finally, by spraying growth regulators and adjusting the fertilization time and fertilizer type, the crop growth rhythm is adjusted to make it better adapt to the low-temperature low-light environment.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south, which includes the following process steps:

[0006] Soil improvement and microbial addition: Deeply till the soil before planting, apply bio-organic fertilizer to improve structure and fertility, add biochar or well-rotted compost combined with carbon-fixing microbial agents, and apply special microbial flora agents;

[0007] Seed pretreatment: Select seeds of appropriate varieties, soak them in a suspension of bacterial agents containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, and then sow them after being fished out and dried;

[0008] Planting and application of microbial agents: When planting crops, apply arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agents in the planting holes, and add microbial agents containing actinomycetes when watering the roots;

[0009] Establishing a microalgae symbiotic system: Setting up a carrier suitable for microalgae growth in the crop planting area, inoculating the carrier with selected microalgae that have good symbiotic potential with the target crop. Through reasonable regulation, ensure that the microalgae and the crop root system establish a close symbiotic relationship;

[0010] Daily field management: Regularly apply biofertilizer containing compound beneficial microorganisms during crop growth, monitor soil-related indicators and adjust fertilization plans, organic materials and special microbial flora agents accordingly;

[0011] Growth rhythm regulation: According to the crop growth stage, growth regulators are sprayed at specific times, and the fertilization time and fertilizer type are adjusted. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is emphasized to promote nutritional growth, while in the reproductive stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are emphasized.

[0012] Furthermore, in the soil improvement and microbial addition steps, before planting, the soil is deep plowed to a depth of 25-35 cm to improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil and create good conditions for the growth of crop roots. If the depth is too shallow, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of improving the deep soil structure. If the depth is too deep, it will increase the farming cost and may destroy the original ecological balance of the soil. In addition, biological organic fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 500-800 kg per mu, and 200-300 kg of biochar or 300-500 kg of decomposed compost is added per mu. In addition, 10-15 kg of a microbial agent containing carbon-fixing microorganisms is applied per mu. In addition, 15-20 kg of a microbial agent containing a special microbial flora that can survive and produce heat in a low-temperature environment is applied per mu.

[0013] Furthermore, in the soil improvement and microbial addition steps, the biological organic fertilizer contains phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria and humic acid-decomposing microorganisms, and the special microbial flora is selected from psychrophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0014] Furthermore, in the seed pretreatment step, crop varieties suitable for the low temperature and low light environment in the south are selected, and the seeds are soaked in a suspension of bacterial agents containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria for 8-12 hours. The suspension includes Bacillus and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. If the soaking time is too short, the seeds will not absorb enough bacterial agents. If the soaking time is too long, it may cause the seeds to be deprived of oxygen or damaged. The concentration of the bacterial agent suspension is 1×10 8 -1×10 9 Live bacteria ensure that there are sufficient numbers of beneficial microorganisms around the seeds, providing a good microbial environment for seed germination and seedling growth. If the concentration is too low, the number of beneficial microorganisms is insufficient and it is difficult to play a growth-promoting role. If the concentration is too high, it may cause poisoning to the seeds. After soaking, take out the seeds and dry them before sowing.

[0015] Furthermore, in the planting and microbial agent application steps, when the crops are planted, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agents are applied in the planting holes, with a dosage of 5-10 grams per hole. If the dosage is too small, the symbiotic effect is not obvious, and if the dosage is too large, the cost may be increased and the root growth may be negatively affected. At the same time, when watering the rooting water, a microbial agent containing actinomycetes is added to the water to make the concentration of actinomycetes in the rooting water be 1×10 7 -1×10 8 If the concentration is too low, the disease prevention effect will be poor; if the concentration is too high, it may destroy the balance of soil microorganisms.

[0016] Furthermore, in the step of constructing the microalgae symbiotic system, a carrier suitable for the growth of microalgae is set up in the crop planting area, including a special culture tank or film, and the microalgae screened out with good symbiotic potential with the target crop are inoculated into the carrier at an inoculation density of 1×10 per square centimeter. 4 -1×10 6 The pH value of irrigation water is controlled between 6.5-7.5 and the conductivity is controlled between 0.5-2.0mS / cm to meet the growth needs of microalgae.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step of constructing the microalgae symbiotic system, under low-light conditions, the microalgae use their own photosynthetic system to absorb light energy, transfer the generated oxygen and part of the photosynthetic products to the crops, and at the same time use substances secreted by the crop roots to grow and reproduce, assisting the crop photosynthesis.

[0018] Furthermore, in the daily field management steps, every 15-20 days, according to the crop growth cycle and nutrient demand rules, bio-fertilizer containing complex beneficial microorganisms is applied within this period. The bio-fertilizer includes rhizospheric growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and actinomycetes. If the topdressing cycle is too short, it may lead to nutrient excess, and if the topdressing cycle is too long, the crops may suffer from nutrient deficiency. The amount of 10-15 kilograms per mu is adjusted according to the crop growth stage and soil fertility.

[0019] Furthermore, in the daily field management steps, soil-related indicators are regularly monitored, including microbial community structure, fertility indicators, organic carbon content and rhizosphere temperature. Fertility indicators include the content of macroelements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and trace elements iron, zinc and manganese. According to the monitoring results, the fertilization plan, organic materials and special microbial flora and inoculants are adjusted. At the same time, the growth status and symbiotic effect of microalgae are monitored, and the microalgae culture conditions are adjusted or the microalgae species are supplemented when necessary.

[0020] Furthermore, in the growth rhythm regulation step, according to the growth stage of the crop, a growth regulator containing gibberellins and cytokinins is sprayed in the seedling stage and rapid growth stage of the crop. At the same time, the fertilization time and fertilizer type are adjusted to influence the growth rhythm of the crop. In the early stage of crop growth, nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 50%-70% of the total fertilization amount. If the nitrogen fertilizer ratio is too low, the plant grows slowly and is short. If the nitrogen fertilizer ratio is too high, it may cause the plant to grow too long and reduce stress resistance. In the reproductive growth stage of the crop, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers account for 60%-80% of the total fertilization amount. If the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio is too low, it will affect the reproductive growth of the crop, resulting in less flowering and low fruiting rate. If the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio is too high, it may inhibit the absorption of other nutrients.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention forms a symbiotic relationship with crop roots to enhance the crop's nutrient absorption efficiency, significantly improving the crop's stress resistance under adverse conditions such as low temperature and low light, and reducing poor growth problems caused by unfavorable environments. At the same time, by applying a special microbial flora that can survive and produce heat in low-temperature environments, the rhizosphere temperature is effectively increased, further promoting the growth and development of the crop root system and enhancing the crop's nutrient absorption capacity. In addition, the microalgae symbiotic system assists photosynthesis under low-light conditions, increasing oxygen concentration and photosynthetic product accumulation, thereby improving the crop's growth rate and stress resistance under low-temperature and low-light conditions.

[0023] 2. The present invention promotes the fixation and accumulation of soil organic carbon by adding organic materials such as biochar and mature compost, and applies inoculants containing carbon-fixing microorganisms, thereby significantly improving the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil. This not only helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate climate change pressure, but also achieves low-carbon development of agricultural production. In addition, by optimizing the fertilization plan and supplementing microbial agents, the soil microbial community structure is further adjusted, the soil structure and fertility are improved, and a better soil environment is provided for crop growth.

[0024] Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be learned from the practice of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a process diagram of a standardized planting technology for low temperature and low light in the south;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a standardized planting technology for low temperature and low light conditions in the south. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose of the invention, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] In the winter in a certain area in the south, the soil in the greenhouse is deep plowed to a depth of 30 cm 20 days before strawberry planting to break the soil compaction layer and improve the soil's air permeability and water permeability. Subsequently, biological organic fertilizer rich in beneficial microorganisms such as phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria and humic acid-decomposing bacteria is applied at a dosage of 600 kg per mu. These beneficial microorganisms can gradually decompose organic matter in the soil, releasing nutrients needed for strawberry growth, while improving the soil's aggregate structure and increasing soil fertility. Next, 250 kg of biochar is added per mu. Biochar has a large specific surface area and can absorb nutrients and water in the soil, reducing nutrient loss. In addition, 12 kg of microbial agents containing carbon-fixing microorganisms are applied per mu to promote the fixation and accumulation of soil organic carbon and enhance the soil's carbon sequestration capacity. In addition, 18 kg of microbial agents containing special microbial flora such as cold-loving nitrogen-fixing bacteria are applied per mu. These special microbial flora can survive and produce heat in low temperature environments, increase the rhizosphere temperature, and create a suitable growth environment for strawberry roots.

[0031] Select high-quality strawberry varieties recommended by the local agricultural department and suitable for the low-temperature and low-light environment in the south. Soak the strawberry seedlings in a suspension of bacterial agents containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria such as Bacillus and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The concentration of the bacterial agent suspension is 1×10 per ml. 9 The seedlings should be soaked for 10 hours to allow them to fully absorb beneficial microorganisms. After that, the seedlings should be taken out and dried before being transplanted. This can effectively enhance the growth vitality of the strawberry seedlings and their ability to adapt to the environment.

[0032] When the strawberry seedlings grow to have 4 true leaves, they are transplanted. 8 grams of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are applied to each planting hole. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form a symbiotic body with the strawberry root system, expand the root absorption range, and enhance the strawberry's ability to absorb nutrients and water. When watering the rooting water, add microbial agents containing actinomycetes to the water to make the concentration of actinomycetes in the rooting water 1×10 per ml. 8 These actinomycetes can form a beneficial microbial barrier around the strawberry roots, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and protect the health of the roots.

[0033] During the strawberry growth period, apply biological fertilizer containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes and other complex beneficial microorganisms at a dosage of 12 kg per mu every 18 days. At the same time, monitor the changes in the soil microbial community structure regularly every week, and understand the number and proportion of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the soil through microbial diversity analysis. Monitor soil fertility indicators, including the content of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and trace elements such as iron, zinc, and manganese. At the same time, monitor the dynamic changes in soil organic carbon content and fluctuations in rhizosphere temperature. According to the monitoring results, adjust the fertilization plan in time, such as supplementing missing nutrients, reasonably supplementing organic materials, maintaining soil organic matter content, and timely supplementing special microbial flora agents to ensure the stability of the rhizosphere microecology.

[0034] A microalgae culture film was set up in the strawberry planting area and inoculated with microalgae that had a good symbiotic effect with strawberries at an inoculation density of 5×10 per square centimeter. 5 microalgae cells. The microalgae culture film is set near the strawberry plants at a moderate height, which neither affects the normal growth of the strawberry plants nor ensures that the microalgae are fully exposed to light and obtain crop root secretions. The pH value of the irrigation water is controlled at 7.0 and the conductivity is 1.2mS / cm. During the growth period of strawberries, every 18 days, biofertilizer containing rhizospheric growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes and other complex beneficial microorganisms is applied at a dosage of 12 kg per mu. The changes in the soil microbial community structure are monitored regularly every week. The number and proportion of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the soil are understood through microbial diversity analysis. Soil fertility indicators, including the content of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and trace elements such as iron, zinc, and manganese, are monitored. At the same time, the dynamic changes in soil organic carbon content and fluctuations in rhizosphere temperature are monitored. The growth density, photosynthetic activity and symbiotic effect of microalgae with strawberries are monitored. According to the monitoring results, the fertilization plan is adjusted in time.

[0035] During the budding period of strawberries, spray growth regulators containing gibberellins, cytokinins and other ingredients to promote flower bud differentiation and bud development. During the fruit expansion period, spray growth regulators again to accelerate cell division and elongation of the fruit and promote rapid expansion of the fruit. In the early growth stage of strawberries, nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60% of the total fertilizer application to promote the growth of plant stems and leaves and form a good nutrient body. When the strawberry enters the reproductive growth stage of flowering and fruiting, increase the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers so that phosphorus and potassium fertilizers account for 70% of the total fertilizer application to promote flowering and fruiting of strawberries and improve the quality and stress resistance of the fruit.

[0036] After one growth cycle of planting and management, compared with the local traditional strawberry planting method, the sweetness of the strawberry fruit grown using this technology increased significantly. Testing showed that the average sweetness increased by 2 percentage points, the rate of deformed fruit decreased significantly from the original 15% to 5%, and the yield increased by 35%. At the same time, the soil organic carbon content increased by 12% within one growth cycle, realizing low-carbon production and achieving good economic and ecological benefits.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] In a mountainous area in the south, 18 days before planting tomatoes in early spring, considering the relatively poor and poor air permeability of the mountain soil, the soil was deep plowed to a depth of 28 cm to effectively break up the soil compaction and enhance the soil's air permeability and water permeability. Bio-organic fertilizer rich in a variety of beneficial microorganisms (such as phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, humic acid-decomposing bacteria, etc.) was applied at a dosage of 550 kg per mu to improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, and provide basic nutrients for tomato growth. 400 kg of decomposed compost was added per mu to increase the soil organic matter content and further improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. In addition, 10 kg of microbial agents containing carbon-fixing microorganisms were applied per mu to promote the fixation and accumulation of organic carbon in the soil and enhance the soil's carbon sink function. At the same time, 16 kg of microbial agents containing special microbial flora such as cold-loving nitrogen-fixing bacteria were applied per mu. These special microbial flora can survive and metabolize to produce heat in the low temperature environment in early spring, increase the rhizosphere temperature, and create a suitable growth microenvironment for the tomato root system.

[0039] Carefully select tomato varieties suitable for the low temperature and low light environment in early spring in the southern mountainous areas. This variety has strong stress resistance and adaptability. Soak the tomato seeds in a bacterial suspension containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria such as Bacillus and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The concentration of the bacterial suspension is 1×10 per ml. 8 The seeds are soaked for 10 hours to allow them to fully absorb beneficial microorganisms. After soaking, the seeds are taken out and placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry, and then sown. This treatment improves the germination rate of the seeds and the resistance of the seedlings to adversity.

[0040] When the tomato seedlings have grown to 4-5 true leaves and are about 30 days old, choose a sunny afternoon for transplanting. Apply 7 grams of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to each planting hole. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form a symbiotic relationship with the tomato root system, expand the root absorption area, and improve the tomato's absorption efficiency of nutrients and water in the soil. When watering the roots, add microbial agents containing actinomycetes to the water to make the concentration of actinomycetes in the rooting water reach 1×10 per ml. 7 The live bacteria and actinomycetes form a protective barrier of beneficial microorganisms around the roots, inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogens and ensuring the healthy growth of tomato roots.

[0041] During the growth period of tomatoes, apply biofertilizer containing rhizospheric growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes and other complex beneficial microorganisms at a dosage of 13 kg per mu every 16 days. Monitor the soil microbial community structure regularly (every 10 days), analyze the types and quantity changes of beneficial and harmful microorganisms, test soil fertility indicators, including soil pH, organic matter content, and the content of macroelements and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and measure the changes in soil organic carbon content and the fluctuation range of rhizosphere temperature. According to the monitoring results, adjust the fertilization plan in time. For example, when there is insufficient nitrogen in the soil, increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer appropriately. When the soil organic carbon content decreases, supplement organic materials. If the rhizosphere temperature is too low, consider increasing the application of special microbial flora agents.

[0042] A microalgae culture tank was built in the tomato planting area, and microalgae varieties suitable for tomatoes were selected for inoculation and cultivation. The inoculation density was 3×10 per square centimeter. 5 The location and structure of the microalgae culture tanks are rationally designed to facilitate the microalgae's access to light, water, and crop root secretions while avoiding interference with tomato plant growth. The pH value of irrigation water is controlled at 6.8, and the conductivity is 1.0 mS / cm. During the tomato growth period, a biofertilizer containing a complex of beneficial microorganisms, such as rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and actinomycetes, is applied every 16 days at a rate of 13 kg per mu. The soil microbial community structure is monitored regularly (every 10 days), and the types and abundance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms are analyzed. Soil fertility indicators, including soil pH, organic matter content, and the content of macro- and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are tested. Changes in soil organic carbon content and the fluctuation range of rhizosphere temperature are measured. The growth of microalgae and their auxiliary effects on tomato photosynthesis are monitored, and fertilization plans are adjusted promptly based on the monitoring results.

[0043] During the seedling stage of tomatoes, in order to promote the nutritional growth of the plants and enhance their photosynthesis capacity, growth regulators containing gibberellins, cytokinins and other ingredients are sprayed according to the recommended concentrations and dosages in the product instructions to promote cell division and elongation, so that the tomato plants grow strong. In the early stage of flowering, growth regulators are sprayed again to promote flower bud differentiation and increase the flowering and fruit setting rate. In the early stage of tomato growth, nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 55% of the total fertilizer application to meet the nitrogen needs of the plant stems and leaves and promote the rapid formation of the vegetative body. When tomatoes enter the reproductive growth stage of flowering and fruiting, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is increased so that phosphorus and potassium fertilizers account for 75% of the total fertilizer application to promote the development and ripening of the fruit, improve the quality and stress resistance of the fruit, and at the same time enhance the plant's resistance to adversities such as low temperature and low light.

[0044] After management throughout the entire growth cycle, compared with local traditional planting methods, the tomato yield grown using this technology has increased significantly, with an increase of about 30% compared with traditional planting. The fruit quality has been significantly improved, the fruit color is brighter, the taste is better, and the commercial value has been significantly improved. At the same time, the soil organic carbon content has increased by about 10%, effectively enhancing the soil's carbon sequestration capacity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and achieving low-carbon and sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] In a coastal area in the south, planting preparations are carried out 22 days before planting cucumbers in spring. Since the soil salt content in coastal areas is relatively high and the soil permeability varies due to the influence of sea breeze, the soil in the planting area is first deep plowed to a depth of 26 cm to break the plow bottom layer, improve soil aeration, and promote salt leaching.

[0047] Subsequently, 700 kg of biological organic fertilizer rich in various beneficial microorganisms (such as phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria, humic acid-decomposing bacteria) was applied per mu to regulate soil structure, improve soil fertility, and lay a good foundation for cucumber growth. Then, 300 kg of biochar was added per mu to utilize the adsorption properties of biochar to reduce the damage of soil salt to the cucumber roots. At the same time, 13 kg of bacterial agents containing carbon-fixing microorganisms were applied per mu to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil. In addition, 17 kg of bacterial agents containing cold-loving nitrogen-fixing bacteria were applied per mu. These special microbial communities produce heat in a low-temperature environment, increase the root zone temperature, and are beneficial to the normal growth and nutrient absorption of the cucumber roots at lower temperatures in spring.

[0048] The cucumber varieties suitable for the low temperature and low light environment in the spring of this region were selected, and the cucumber seeds were soaked in a suspension of bacterial agents containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria (Bacillus and nitrogen-fixing bacteria). The concentration of the bacterial agent suspension was 1×10 8 Soak the seeds in a cool, ventilated place for 10 hours, then place them in a cool, ventilated place to dry, and then sow them to improve the germination potential of the seeds and the resistance of the seedlings to stress.

[0049] When the cucumber seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, they are transplanted. During transplanting, 6 grams of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are evenly applied to each transplanting hole to help the cucumber roots expand the absorption area and enhance the absorption capacity of nutrients and water in the soil. When watering the roots, microbial agents containing actinomycetes are added to the water to make the concentration of actinomycetes in the rooting water reach 1×10 per ml. 7 The live bacteria form a beneficial microbial barrier around the cucumber roots, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and ensuring the health of the roots.

[0050] A microalgae culture film was set up in the cucumber planting area, and microalgae varieties with good symbiotic effects with cucumbers were selected for inoculation at an inoculation density of 4×10 per square centimeter. 5The microalgae culture film is placed in a position that does not affect the growth of cucumber plants but allows the microalgae to fully access light and obtain cucumber root secretions. The pH value of the irrigation water is controlled at 6.8 and the conductivity is controlled at 1.5mS / cm to provide suitable environmental conditions for the growth of microalgae.

[0051] During the growth period of cucumbers, biofertilizer containing complex beneficial microorganisms (rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and actinomycetes) is applied every 17 days at a rate of 14 kg per mu. The amount of fertilizer applied is flexibly adjusted according to the different growth stages of cucumbers and soil fertility conditions. The soil microbial community structure, fertility indicators (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as calcium and magnesium), organic carbon content, and rhizosphere temperature changes are monitored regularly every week. At the same time, the growth status, photosynthetic activity, and symbiotic effect of microalgae with cucumbers are closely monitored. If a certain nutrient is found to be deficient in the soil, fertilizers are added in a timely and targeted manner. If the soil organic carbon content decreases, organic materials are added in a timely manner. If the growth of microalgae is abnormal or the symbiotic effect is poor, the microalgae culture conditions are adjusted in a timely manner or the microalgae strains are supplemented.

[0052] During the seedling stage of cucumber, in order to promote the nutritional growth of the plant and enhance photosynthesis, spray growth regulators containing gibberellins and cytokinins according to the product instructions. In the early stage of flowering and fruiting of cucumber, spray growth regulators again to promote flower bud differentiation and increase the fruit setting rate. In the early stage of cucumber growth, nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 65% of the total fertilizer application to meet the nitrogen demand of plant stem and leaf growth. Entering the reproductive growth stage of flowering and fruiting, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, so that phosphorus and potassium fertilizers account for 70% of the total fertilizer application, promote fruit enlargement, improve fruit quality and plant resistance.

[0053] After full-cycle management, cucumber yields using this technology increased by approximately 32% compared to traditional local cultivation methods. Cucumbers now have a crisp, bright color, and the rate of deformed fruit has decreased from 12% to 4%. Furthermore, soil organic carbon content has increased by 11%, effectively improving soil quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, achieving the goal of low-carbon, environmentally friendly cultivation. Under the influence of the microalgae symbiotic system, cucumbers grow well in periods of low light, with improved leaf photosynthesis efficiency and stronger overall plant growth, bringing considerable economic benefits to farmers.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the technical contents disclosed above. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south, characterized by: The technology includes the following process steps: Soil improvement and microbial addition: Deeply till the soil before planting, apply bio-organic fertilizer to improve structure and fertility, add biochar or well-rotted compost combined with carbon-fixing microbial agents, and apply special microbial flora agents; Seed pretreatment: Select seeds of appropriate varieties, soak them in a suspension of bacterial agents containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, and then sow them after being fished out and dried; Planting and application of microbial agents: When planting crops, apply arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agents in the planting holes, and add microbial agents containing actinomycetes when watering the roots; Establishing a microalgae symbiotic system: Setting up a carrier suitable for microalgae growth in the crop planting area, inoculating the carrier with selected microalgae that have good symbiotic potential with the target crop. Through reasonable regulation, ensure that the microalgae and the crop root system establish a close symbiotic relationship; Daily field management: Regularly apply biofertilizer containing compound beneficial microorganisms during crop growth, monitor soil-related indicators and adjust fertilization plans, organic materials and special microbial flora agents accordingly; Growth rhythm regulation: According to the crop growth stage, growth regulators are sprayed at specific times, and the fertilization time and fertilizer type are adjusted. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is emphasized to promote nutritional growth, while in the reproductive stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are emphasized.

2. A low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the soil improvement and microbial addition steps, before planting, the soil is deep plowed to a depth of 25-35 cm, and biological organic fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 500-800 kg per mu. At the same time, 200-300 kg of biochar or 300-500 kg of decomposed compost is added per mu, and 10-15 kg of a microbial agent containing carbon-fixing microorganisms is applied per mu. In addition, 15-20 kg of a microbial agent containing a special microbial flora that can survive and produce heat in a low-temperature environment is applied per mu.

3. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the soil improvement and microorganism addition steps, the biological organic fertilizer contains phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria and humic acid-decomposing microorganisms, and the special microbial flora is selected from psychrophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

4. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the seed pretreatment step, crop varieties suitable for the low-temperature and low-light environment in the south are selected, and the seeds are soaked in a bacterial suspension containing rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria for 8-12 hours. The suspension includes Bacillus and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 1×10 8 -1×10 9 After soaking, take out the seeds and dry them before sowing.

5. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the planting and microbial agent application steps, when the crops are planted, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent is applied in the planting holes, with an amount of 5-10 grams per hole. At the same time, when watering the rooting water, the microbial agent containing actinomycetes is added to the water to make the concentration of actinomycetes in the rooting water be 1×10 7 -1×10 8 Live bacteria.

6. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the microalgae symbiotic system construction step, a carrier suitable for microalgae growth is set up in the crop planting area, including a special culture tank or film, and the selected microalgae with good symbiotic potential with the target crop are inoculated into the carrier at an inoculation density of 1×10 per square centimeter. 4 -1×10 6 The pH value of irrigation water is controlled between 6.5-7.5 and the conductivity is controlled between 0.5-2.0mS / cm to meet the growth needs of microalgae.

7. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the microalgae symbiotic system construction step, under low-light conditions, the microalgae use their own photosynthetic system to absorb light energy, transfer the generated oxygen and part of the photosynthetic products to the crops, and at the same time use substances secreted by the crop roots to grow and reproduce, assisting the crop photosynthesis.

8. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the daily field management steps, every 15-20 days, according to the crop growth cycle and nutrient demand rules, biofertilizer containing complex beneficial microorganisms is applied within this cycle. The biofertilizer includes rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and actinomycetes, at a rate of 10-15 kilograms per mu. The amount is adjusted according to the crop growth stage and soil fertility.

9. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in the south according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the daily field management steps, soil-related indicators are regularly monitored, including microbial community structure, fertility indicators, organic carbon content, and rhizosphere temperature. Fertility indicators include the content of macroelements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and trace elements iron, zinc, and manganese.

10. The low-temperature, low-light standardized planting technology in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the growth rhythm regulation step, a growth regulator containing gibberellins and cytokinins is sprayed during the seedling stage and rapid growth stage of the crop according to the growth stage of the crop. At the same time, the fertilization time and fertilizer type are adjusted to influence the growth rhythm of the crop. In the early growth stage of the crop, nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 50%-70% of the total fertilizer amount, and in the reproductive growth stage of the crop, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers account for 60%-80% of the total fertilizer amount.

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