Soil-up softening planting method for outdoor cold vegetable parsley

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of parsley planting, in particular to a ridging and softening planting method for outdoor cold vegetable parsley. The method comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, seed treatment, sowing, seedling management, preparation before hilling, hilling softening, field management and harvesting. According to the ridging and softening planting method for the outdoor cold vegetable parsley, ridging and softening planting of the outdoor cold vegetable parsley is achieved through a plurality of operation steps; the parsley petiole softening degree can be improved, parsley tastes fresh and tender, the eating quality of parsley is effectively improved, meanwhile, the wormwood powder, the plant ash and the synergist humic acid are matched for use, the resistance of parsley to diseases and insect pests in the outdoor environment is enhanced, the influence of the diseases and insect pests on parsley growth is reduced, and the food safety is improved; the fertility of soil can be effectively improved, absorption and utilization of nutrients by the parsley are promoted, the yield and quality of the parsley are improved, and therefore the economic benefits of farmer households are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of celery planting, in particular to a soil-softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather. Background Art

[0002] Celery, a cool-season vegetable loved by consumers, is rich in vitamins (such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K, etc.), minerals (such as calcium, iron, potassium, etc.) and dietary fiber. However, traditional open-air celery cultivation methods have some problems, which lead to a decline in the quality of celery. For example, under traditional cultivation methods, the petioles of celery often have a high fiber content and a hard texture. At the same time, during the traditional cultivation process, due to the lack of effective management measures, celery is susceptible to pests and diseases, resulting in unstable yields and increased cultivation costs.

[0003] Currently, there are studies on vegetable softening cultivation and celery cultivation to improve quality, for example:

[0004] The water celery airbag softening cultivation technology and airbag for water celery softening cultivation disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1799314A are designed for aquatic water celery, using airbags to achieve softening cultivation. However, celery is a terrestrial vegetable, and its growth environment and physiological characteristics are quite different from those of water celery. If this method is used, the survival rate of celery will be reduced, the normal growth of celery will be affected, and the effect of improving the quality of celery will not be achieved.

[0005] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104641854A discloses a high-yield greenhouse celery cultivation technology that improves celery yield and quality, promoting celery growth through rational environmental regulation and cultivation management measures. However, the greenhouse environment differs significantly from an open-air, cool environment. A greenhouse is relatively closed, and its temperature, humidity, and light conditions differ from those found in an open-air, cool environment. Using greenhouse cultivation technology for the cultivation of celery in an open-air, cool environment not only reduces celery's adaptability to the cool, open-air environment, resulting in slow growth, but also reduces the unique flavor and mouthfeel of celery, which is formed by the large temperature difference between day and night in the open-air environment.

[0006] However, compared with celery grown in a solar greenhouse, open-air cool-weather vegetable celery has a more natural growing environment and can make full use of natural light and the temperature difference between day and night, so that it accumulates more nutrients, has a richer flavor, and has a relatively low production cost. Therefore, in the existing technology, the soil-building technology for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery lacks specificity, which not only reduces the effect of soil-building on softening the petioles of celery, affecting the quality improvement of celery, but also reduces the resistance of celery to diseases and pests in the open-air environment, resulting in unstable celery yield, thereby reducing the economic benefits of growers.

[0007] In view of this, a soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery is badly needed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Site selection and land preparation: Choose a plot with good drainage, ventilation and sunlight. Deeply plow the plot, apply well-rotted farmyard manure, and harrow and level the land 20-25 days before planting.

[0011] S2. Seed treatment: Select celery seeds that are free of pests and diseases and have a high germination rate. Soak the seeds, wrap them with a damp cloth, and place them in an environment of 18-22°C for germination. Observe them continuously. When more than 90% of the seeds show signs of whitening, that is, the radicle of the seeds breaks through the seed coat, they can be sown.

[0012] S3. Sowing: Sowing is carried out in spring or autumn. The sowing method can be row sowing or broadcast sowing. Watering is carried out after sowing. The amount of water per mu is 28m3. 3 -30m 3 ;

[0013] S4. Seedling management: thinning, transplanting, water and fertilizer management, and tillage and weeding of celery;

[0014] S5. Preparation before soil cultivation: preparing wormwood powder, wood ash, and a synergist, and mixing the wormwood powder, wood ash, and synergist in proportion to obtain a mixed material;

[0015] S6. Soil Softening: When the celery plants grow to 25cm-30cm in height, use the mixed material to do the first soil mulching. After 9-10 days, use the mixed material to do the second soil mulching.

[0016] S7. Field management: Carry out water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and tillage and weeding operations throughout the celery growth cycle;

[0017] S8. Harvesting: When the celery plants grow to 35cm-45cm in height, they can be harvested.

[0018] As a further improvement of this technical solution, in S1, the depth of deep plowing of the land is 32cm-36cm, 4000kg-4500kg of decomposed farmyard manure is evenly applied per mu, the width of the ridge is 1.2m-1.3m, the height of the ridge is 16cm-18cm, and the width of the furrow between the ridges is 32cm-36cm.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S2, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 30°C-35°C for 11h-13h.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3, when the sowing time is in spring, the sowing is carried out from late March to early April; when the sowing time is in autumn, the sowing is carried out from late August to early September.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3, when the sowing method is row sowing, shallow trenches with a depth of 1.0 cm to 1.4 cm are dug on the bed surface with a row spacing of 16 cm to 20 cm, the seeds are evenly spread into the trenches, and then covered with soil with a thickness of 0.7 cm to 0.9 cm;

[0022] When broadcasting is used as the sowing method, spread the seeds evenly on the bed surface, and then cover with soil with a thickness of 0.7cm-0.9cm. The seed rate per mu is 0.65kg-0.75kg.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S4, the thinning operation is as follows: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings are thinned out, weak, diseased, and overcrowded seedlings are removed, and the seedling spacing is 4 cm to 6 cm;

[0024] Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, transplant them at a distance of 10cm-12cm to ensure they have enough space and nutrients to grow.

[0025] Water and fertilizer management: During the seedling stage, check the soil moisture every 3-5 days. If the soil 2cm-3cm below the surface is dry, water it. At the same time, topdress with watering. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, apply 5kg-7kg of urea per mu. In addition, spray the leaves with 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7-10 days.

[0026] Intertillage and weeding operations: Intertillage and weeding should be carried out during the growth period of celery seedlings. The depth of intertillage should be 3cm-5cm. At the same time, weeds in the field should be removed. Intertillage and weeding should be carried out 2-3 times during the entire seedling period.

[0027] As a further improvement of this technical solution, in S5, the amount of mugwort powder is 140 kg / mu-160 kg / mu; the amount of wood ash is 180 kg / mu-220 kg / mu; the amount of the synergist is 75 kg / mu-85 kg / mu, and the synergist is humic acid.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S5, the mixing ratio of the wormwood powder, the wood ash and the synergist is 28:36:15-32:44:17.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S6, the first soiling is performed by using a mixed material to soil the base of the celery plant to a thickness of 4.5 cm to 5.5 cm. After the soiling is completed, water is poured thoroughly to ensure that the soil is tightly attached to the base of the plant.

[0030] Second soiling: Use mixed materials to build up soil at the base of the celery plant. The thickness of the soil should be 6.5cm-7.5cm. After building up the soil, water it again to keep the soil moist.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S7, water and fertilizer management: every 10-12 days, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 12 kg / mu to 15 kg / mu;

[0032] Pest and disease control: Inspections can be conducted every 3-5 days. If pests and diseases are found, physical control methods should be used.

[0033] Intertillage weeding: loosen the soil to increase aeration while thoroughly removing weeds.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The soil-softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool and dry conditions, realizes the soil-softening planting of celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool and dry conditions, through multiple operating steps. The method not only improves the softening degree of celery petioles, making the celery taste more tender and fresh, and effectively improves the edible quality of celery, but also, by combining wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist humic acid, the resistance of celery to diseases and pests in an open-air environment is enhanced, the impact of diseases and pests on celery growth is reduced, the amount of pesticide used is reduced, and food safety is improved. In addition, the method can effectively improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by celery, thereby increasing the yield and quality of celery and increasing the economic benefits of growers.

[0036] 2. In the soil softening planting method of the open-air cool vegetable celery, the planting effect of celery is improved through the effects of multiple secondary combinations; the combination of wormwood powder and wood ash can enhance the insect repellent and antibacterial effects, so that the active ingredients in the wormwood powder are more active in the alkaline environment of the wood ash, better repelling pests and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. At the same time, the combination of the two improves soil fertility and promotes the growth of celery; and the combination of wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist humic acid is even better. It not only improves the quality of celery and enhances its disease and pest resistance, but also improves the soil environment by adjusting the soil pH, chelating mineral elements, etc., creating excellent ecological conditions for the growth of celery, which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of celery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the soil-softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in a cool and dry environment, according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a bar graph of the incidence rate of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a histogram of the quality rate of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a bar graph of average yield of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a histogram of the coefficient of variation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] according to Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. Site selection and land preparation: Choose a plot with good drainage, ventilation and good light. Deeply plow the plot, apply well-rotted farmyard manure, and harrow and level the bed 20-25 days before planting. The deep plowing depth is 32cm-36cm, and 4000kg-4500kg of well-rotted farmyard manure is evenly applied per mu to add rich nutrients to the soil. The width of the bed is 1.2m-1.3m, the height of the bed is 16cm-18cm, and the width of the furrow between the beds is 32cm-36cm.

[0045] S2. Seed treatment: Select celery seeds that are free of pests and diseases and have a high germination rate, soak the seeds in warm water at 30°C-35°C for 11-13 hours to allow the seeds to fully absorb water and improve the germination rate. Wrap the soaked seeds with a moist cloth and place them in an environment at 18°C-22°C for germination. During the germination period, rinse the seeds with clean water 1-2 times a day to keep the seeds moist and prevent germination from being affected by water shortage or bacterial growth. Continue to observe. When more than 90% of the seeds show whitening, that is, the radicle of the seeds breaks through the seed coat, they can be sown.

[0046] S3. Sowing: Sowing can be done in spring or autumn. If sowing is done in spring, choose late March to early April; if sowing is done in autumn, choose late August to early September. Sowing can be done in rows or broadcast. Watering should be done after sowing. The amount of water per mu is 28m3 / acre. 3 -30m 3 , make sure the soil remains moist;

[0047] When sowing in rows, dig shallow trenches with a depth of 1.0cm-1.4cm at a row spacing of 16cm-20cm on the bed surface, spread the seeds evenly into the trenches, and then cover with soil with a thickness of 0.7cm-0.9cm.

[0048] When broadcasting is used for sowing, the seeds are evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil with a thickness of 0.7cm-0.9cm. The seed rate per mu is 0.65kg-0.75kg;

[0049] S4. Seedling management: thinning, transplanting, water and fertilizer management, and weeding operations for celery;

[0050] Thinning: When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, thin them out and remove the weak, diseased and overcrowded seedlings. Keep the seedling spacing between them at 4cm-6cm.

[0051] Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, transplant them at a distance of 10cm-12cm to ensure they have enough space and nutrients to grow.

[0052] Water and fertilizer management operations: During the seedling stage, check the soil moisture every 3-5 days. If the soil 2cm-3cm below the surface is dry, water it. Water it thoroughly to ensure that the water can penetrate around the root system. At the same time, topdressing should be carried out in combination with watering. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, apply 5kg-7kg of urea per mu to promote rapid growth of the seedlings. When topdressing, spread the urea evenly around the plants, and then water them to dissolve the fertilizer and penetrate into the soil for easy absorption by the seedlings. In addition, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves every 7-10 days to enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings and the photosynthesis capacity of the leaves.

[0053] Intertillage and weeding: During the growth period of celery seedlings, intertillage and weeding should be carried out. The depth of intertillage should be 3cm-5cm so as not to damage the root system of the seedlings. Intertillage can loosen the soil, increase soil permeability, and promote the growth and development of the root system. At the same time, weeds in the field should be removed to prevent weeds from competing with celery seedlings for nutrients, water and sunlight. Weeding should avoid damaging the celery seedlings. For larger weeds, manual removal can be used. For smaller weeds, they can be removed in combination with intertillage. Intertillage and weeding should be carried out 2-3 times during the entire seedling stage to keep the field clean and the soil loose.

[0054] S5. Preparation before soil cultivation: prepare wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist, the amount of wormwood powder is 140 kg / mu-160 kg / mu; the amount of wood ash is 180 kg / mu-220 kg / mu; the amount of synergist is 75 kg / mu-85 kg / mu, and the synergist is humic acid; and the wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist are mixed in proportion, the ratio of wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist is 28:36:15-32:44:17, to obtain a mixed material;

[0055] S6. Soil Softening: When the celery plant grows to 25cm-30cm in height, use the mixed material to do the first soil mulching. After 9-10 days, use the mixed material to do the second soil mulching.

[0056] First soiling: Use mixed materials to build up soil at the base of the celery plant. The thickness of the soil should be 4.5cm-5.5cm. After the soiling is completed, water it thoroughly to ensure that the soil fits tightly to the base of the plant.

[0057] Second soiling: Use mixed materials to build up soil at the base of the celery plants. The thickness of the soil should be 6.5cm-7.5cm. This will further promote the softening of the celery petioles. After building up the soil, water it again to keep the soil moist.

[0058] S7. Field management: water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and weeding and cultivation throughout the celery growth cycle;

[0059] Water and fertilizer management: Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 12 kg / mu to 15 kg / mu every 10-12 days;

[0060] Pest and disease control: Inspections can be conducted every 3-5 days. If pests and diseases are found, physical control methods can be used, such as setting up insect nets in the fields to prevent pests from entering; hanging insect traps, 3-5 per acre, at a height of 1.5m-2m from the ground, to trap and kill pests with light. If physical control is ineffective, biological control methods can be used.

[0061] Intertillage and weeding: Loosen the soil to increase aeration while thoroughly removing weeds to prevent them from competing with the parsley for nutrients, water, and space.

[0062] S8. Harvesting: When the celery plants grow to 35cm-45cm in height, they can be harvested.

[0063] In the invention, firstly, a series of operation steps including site selection and land preparation, seed treatment, sowing, seedling management, soil preparation, soil softening, field management and harvesting are carried out to realize soil softening planting of cool-weather vegetable celery in the open air; not only can the softening degree of celery petioles be improved, and the edible quality of celery be improved; at the same time, through the combination of wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist, the resistance of celery to diseases and pests in the open air environment can be effectively improved, the impact of diseases and pests on celery growth can be reduced, and the use of pesticides can be reduced; it can also effectively improve the fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, improve the soil structure, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by celery, thereby improving the yield and quality of celery and increasing the economic benefits of growers.

[0064] In the soil softening planting method of open-air cool-weather vegetable celery, there are also several secondary combined effects, which can further enhance the planting effect of celery and improve the quality and growth environment of celery;

[0065] When wormwood powder is combined with wood ash, it has the effects of enhancing insect repellency and antibacterial properties, improving soil fertility, and promoting celery growth; its reaction mechanism is that the volatile oils (such as eucalyptol, etc.), flavonoids and other components contained in wormwood powder are more active in the alkaline environment created by wood ash (the main component is potassium carbonate, which is alkaline); the special smell of volatile oils can repel pests, and at the same time, it is easier to release and exert its effects under alkaline conditions. Flavonoids can also better demonstrate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, inhibiting the growth of pathogens in the soil; mineral elements such as potassium and calcium in wood ash can react with certain components in wormwood powder to form substances that are more easily absorbed by celery, thereby improving soil fertility; for example, the volatile oil component eucalyptol (C 10 H 18 O) may react in an alkaline environment, and the schematic reaction formula is: C 10 H 18 O+K2CO3+H2O→oxygen-containing compounds with stronger antibacterial and anthelmintic activity + other products (such as potassium-containing organic compounds, etc.), thereby achieving the effects of enhancing anthelmintic and antibacterial properties, improving soil fertility, and promoting celery growth;

[0066] When wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist (humic acid) are combined, it can improve the quality of celery, enhance its ability to resist diseases and pests, and improve the soil environment. The reaction mechanism is that humic acid is rich in active groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, which can react with flavonoids in wormwood powder (such as rutin C 27H 30 O 16 ) combines through hydrogen bonds or other chemical bonds to form a more stable antioxidant complex, thereby enhancing the stress resistance of celery; on the other hand, its acidic groups can react with potassium carbonate in wood ash to neutralize it, thereby adjusting the soil pH and making the soil more suitable for celery growth. At the same time, humic acid can also complex with metal ions such as potassium ions in wood ash to form a stable complex, thereby improving the effectiveness and utilization rate of mineral elements such as potassium. The volatile oil components in wormwood powder can be dissolved in the organic environment of humic acid, and the two synergistically form a more effective insect repellent system. Relevant schematic reaction formulas are as follows: the neutralization reaction of humic acid (with R-COOH and OH representing the structure containing carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups) with potassium carbonate is 2R-COOH+K2CO3→2R-COOK+H2O+CO2↑, 2R-OH+K2CO3→2R-OK+H2O+CO2↑ (relatively weak reaction); the complexation reaction of humic acid with potassium ions is humic acid (containing complexing groups) + K + → Humic acid-potassium complex; the reaction between humic acid and rutin, a flavonoid compound in mugwort, is C 27 H 30 O 16 + humic acid (carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl) → hydrogen bond or chemical bonded antioxidant complex; these reactions work together to improve the quality of celery, enhance its resistance to diseases and pests, and improve the soil environment.

[0067] Through multiple operation steps, the soil softening and planting of celery, a cool-weather vegetable grown outdoors, is achieved; it not only improves the softening degree of celery petioles, making celery taste more tender and effectively improving the edible quality of celery, but also, by combining wormwood powder, wood ash and synergist humic acid, it enhances celery's resistance to diseases and pests in open-air environments, reduces the impact of diseases and pests on celery growth, reduces pesticide use, and improves food safety; in addition, it can effectively improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, and promote celery's absorption and utilization of nutrients, thereby increasing celery yield and quality and increasing the economic benefits of growers.

[0068] Through the effects of multiple secondary combinations, the planting effect of celery is improved; the combination of mugwort powder and wood ash can enhance the insect repellent and antibacterial effects, so that the active ingredients in mugwort powder are more active in the alkaline environment of wood ash, better repelling pests and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. At the same time, the combination of the two improves soil fertility and promotes the growth of celery; and the combination of mugwort powder, wood ash and synergist humic acid has better effects, which not only improves the quality of celery and enhances its ability to resist diseases and pests, but also improves the soil environment by adjusting soil pH, chelating mineral elements, etc., creating excellent ecological conditions for celery growth, which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of celery.

[0069] The celery soil softening planting method provided by the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples according to different raw material amounts.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Select a plot with good drainage, ventilation and good light. 20 days before planting, deep plow 32cm, apply 4000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu and rake it flat to make a bed. Soak the celery seeds in 30℃ warm water for 11h, wrap them with wet cloth and germinate them in 18℃ environment. Rinse them once a day. After more than 90% of the seeds turn white, sow them in rows in late March with a row spacing of 16cm, a furrow depth of 1.0cm, and 0.7cm of soil covering. Use 0.65kg of seeds per mu and water them at 28m 3 ; Thin out seedlings when they have 2-3 true leaves, and determine seedlings when they have 4-5 true leaves; manage water and fertilizer, and carry out intertillage and weeding as required during the seedling stage; before soiling, prepare 140 kg / mu of mugwort powder, 180 kg / mu of wood ash, and 75 kg / mu of humic acid enhancer, mixed at a ratio of 28:36:15; when the plants grow to 25 cm in height, add soil for the first time, with a thickness of 4.5 cm, and 10 days later, add soil for the second time, with a thickness of 6.5 cm; during the growth cycle, manage water and fertilizer, control pests and diseases, and carry out intertillage and weeding as required, and harvest when the plants grow to 35 cm in height.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] 23 days before planting, the land was plowed 34cm deep, and 4300kg of decomposed farmyard manure was applied per mu to make a bed. Celery seeds were soaked in 33℃ warm water for 12h, germinated in 20℃ environment, rinsed twice a day, and sown in late August after the seeds turned white. They were covered with 0.8cm of soil, 0.7kg of seeds were used per mu, and the amount of water was 29m 3 ; Thinning and transplanting should be carried out according to standard operations, and reasonable water and fertilizer management and inter-row cultivation and weeding should be carried out during the seedling stage; before soiling, prepare 150 kg / mu of mugwort powder, 200 kg / mu of wood ash, and 80 kg / mu of humic acid enhancer, mixed at a ratio of 30:40:16; when the plant is 27 cm tall, the first soiling should be carried out with a thickness of 5 cm, and the second soiling should be carried out 9 days later with a thickness of 7 cm; all field management should be carried out well during the growth period, and the plant should be harvested when it is 40 cm tall.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] The planting plot was plowed 36cm deep 25 days before planting, and 4500kg of decomposed farmyard manure was applied to make a bed. Celery seeds were soaked in 35℃ warm water for 13h, germinated in 22℃ environment, and sown in spring after the seeds turned white. The row spacing was 20cm, the furrow depth was 1.4cm, and the soil was covered with 0.9cm. The seed amount was 0.75kg per mu and the watering amount was 30m 3; Complete thinning and transplanting, and do a good job of seedling management; before soiling, prepare 160 kg / mu of mugwort powder, 220 kg / mu of wood ash, and 85 kg / mu of humic acid enhancer, mixed at a ratio of 32:44:17; when the plant is 30 cm tall, add soil for the first time, with a thickness of 5.5 cm, and after 9 days, add soil for the second time, with a thickness of 7.5 cm; carry out field management as required throughout the growth cycle, and harvest when the plant is 45 cm tall.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] Deep plowing was carried out 22 days before planting, and 4200kg of decomposed farmyard manure was applied to prepare the bed; celery seeds were soaked in 32℃ warm water for 12h, and after germination, they were sown in autumn, with the same operation as before; after thinning and finalizing the seedlings, seedling management was in place; before soiling, 145kg / mu of mugwort powder, 190kg / mu of wood ash, and 78kg / mu of humic acid enhancer were prepared, mixed at a ratio of 29:38:16; soiling was carried out for the first time when the plants were 26cm tall, with a thickness of 4.8cm, and the second time 10 days later with a thickness of 6.8cm; good field management was carried out during the growth process, and the plants were harvested when they grew to 38cm tall.

[0078] Table 1 Amounts of raw materials used in Examples 1-4

[0079] Mugwort powder (kg / mu) Wood ash (kg / mu) Humic acid (kg / mu) Mixing ratio Example 1 140 180 75 28∶36∶15 Example 2 150 200 82 30∶40∶16 Example 3 160 220 85 32∶44∶17 Example 4 145 190 78 29∶38∶16

[0080] In order to verify that the celery soil-softening planting method prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has good effectiveness and stability, the celery soil-softening planting method provided in the embodiment of the present invention is described through the following test examples.

[0081] Test example

[0082] The purpose of this test group is to explore the effects of different component ratios on celery soil softening planting, and to detect the disease and pest resistance, quality rate and yield stability of the celery planting of the present invention.

[0083] Experimental objectives: Experimental groups A, B, C, and D respectively adopted the component ratios of the parsley soil softening planting method provided in Examples 1-4; the control group A, B, C, and D were used as the control examples, wherein:

[0084] Control group A

[0085] Ordinary plots were selected, with no deep tillage, only simple plowing, and a small amount of under-rotted farmyard manure applied per acre. Untreated celery seeds were directly sown, and soil moisture control was not maintained after sowing. No scientific thinning or fertilization or weeding were performed during the seedling stage. During the growing season, large amounts of chemical pesticides were used only when pests and diseases were discovered, and no soil cultivation was performed.

[0086] Control group B

[0087] After selecting the site, the land is prepared according to the standards of a solar greenhouse, and the bed specifications are similar to those of a solar greenhouse; after sowing, attempts are made to simulate the temperature, humidity and light conditions of a solar greenhouse in an open-air environment, such as using sunshade nets to adjust the light and artificially spraying water to adjust the humidity; during the growth process, management is carried out according to the fertilization and pest control methods of a solar greenhouse, with large and frequent fertilization amounts and chemical pesticides as the main method of pest control.

[0088] Control group C

[0089] The soil softening planting method is the same as that in Example 1, but wormwood powder, wood ash and humic acid are not used.

[0090] Control group D

[0091] The soil-softening planting method is the same as that in Example 1, but only wood ash is used for soil-softening.

[0092] Test method: According to the present invention, the resistance to pests and diseases, the rate of good quality and the stability of yield of celery were tested respectively. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0093] Pest and disease resistance test method: During the entire growth cycle of celery, the celery plants in the experimental group and the control group were observed and recorded regularly (every 3 days), and the occurrence of celery diseases and pests in each experimental plot was counted; the type of disease and pests, the number of diseased plants, the severity of the disease (expressed as light, moderate and severe) and other information were recorded; the disease and pest resistance was evaluated by calculating the percentage of diseased plants to the total number of plants (incidence rate). The lower the incidence rate, the stronger the disease and pest resistance; for the control group using chemical pesticides, the number of times and amount of pesticides used were recorded to compare the degree of dependence of different treatment methods on disease and pest control.

[0094] Good quality rate test method: When celery plants grow to the harvest stage, 100 celery plants are randomly selected from each experimental group and control group. They are evaluated according to celery quality standards (such as the softening degree of petioles, the color and integrity of leaves, and whether there is damage from pests and diseases). The number of plants that meet the good quality standards is recorded, and the percentage of good quality plants to the total number of plants is calculated, that is, good quality rate = (number of good quality plants ÷ 100) × 100%;

[0095] Yield stability test method: The celery yield was measured in the planting area of ​​each experimental group and control group. To reduce errors, the planting area was divided into several small areas, each with the same area. The celery yield of each area was measured, and the average value was calculated as the yield of the experimental group or control group. The planting was repeated three times, and the coefficient of variation of each yield was calculated (coefficient of variation = standard deviation ÷ average value × 100%). The smaller the coefficient of variation, the better the yield stability.

[0096] Specific detection indicators are shown in Table 2.

[0097] Table 2 Test indicators of each sample

[0098] Incidence (%) Quality rate (%) Average yield (kg / mu) Coefficient of variation (%) Experimental group A 10 85 3500 10 Experimental group B 12 88 3600 9 Experimental Group C 8 90 3700 8 Experimental group D 11 86 3550 11 Control group A 35 46 2100 24 Control group B 20 54 2500 20 Control group C 24 66 2800 18 Control group D 18 72 3000 15

[0099] according to Figure 2-Figure 5 As shown in Table 2, the summary of the above comparative data is as follows:

[0100] In terms of disease and insect pest resistance: the incidence rates of test groups A, B, C, and D were 10%, 12%, 8%, and 11%, respectively, which were significantly lower than 35% of control group A, 20% of control group B, 24% of control group C, and 18% of control group D. This shows that the soil softening planting method of the present invention, through the combination of wormwood powder, wood ash, and humic acid (test groups A, B, and D) or the overall planting process of the present invention (test group C), enhances the resistance of celery to diseases and insect pests and reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Among them, although test group C did not use wormwood powder, wood ash, and humic acid, the present invention Other planting steps in the study also improved celery's resistance to pests and diseases to a certain extent, but the experimental groups (A, B, and D) using wormwood powder, wood ash, and humic acid had better results, further demonstrating the positive effect of the combination of the three on improving disease and pest resistance. Control group A, on the other hand, did not use extensive planting methods such as deep plowing and unscientific management, which led to a large number of diseases and pests. Control group B simulated the management method of a solar greenhouse for open-air planting, but it was also unable to effectively control diseases and pests. Control group C lacked the effects of wormwood powder, wood ash, and humic acid, and control group D only used wood ash, both of which led to relatively high incidence of diseases and pests.

[0101] In terms of excellent quality rate: the excellent quality rates of test groups A, B, C and D were 85%, 88%, 90% and 86% respectively, which were higher than 46% of control group A, 54% of control group B, 66% of control group C and 72% of control group D; indicating that the planting method of the present invention can effectively improve the quality of celery; among them, test group C can also improve the excellent quality rate by relying solely on the planting process of the present invention without using wormwood powder, wood ash and humic acid, while the test groups (A, B, D) using the three have further improved the quality, indicating that the combination of wormwood powder, wood ash and humic acid plays an important role in improving the quality of celery, and can make the celery petiole soften better, the leaf color and integrity better, and reduce damage from pests and diseases; the celery quality of control group A was poor due to poor planting management; the simulated solar greenhouse management of control group B was not adapted to the open air environment, which affected the quality of celery; the control group C lacked the effect of key ingredients, and the control group D had a single ingredient, and neither could effectively improve the quality of celery;

[0102] In terms of yield stability: the average yields of the test groups A, B, C, and D were 3500kg / mu, 3600kg / mu, 3700kg / mu, and 3550kg / mu, respectively, with coefficients of variation of 10%, 9%, 8%, and 11%, respectively; the average yields of the control groups A, B, C, and D were 2100kg / mu, 2500kg / mu, 2800kg / mu, and 3000kg / mu, respectively, with coefficients of variation of 24%, 20%, 18%, and 15%, respectively; the average yields of the test groups were higher than those of the control groups, and the coefficients of variation were smaller, indicating that the soil softening planting method of the present invention can not only improve the yield of fragrant The yield of celery can be increased and the yield can be made more stable; the experimental group C can also improve the yield and stability through the planting process of the present invention without using wormwood powder, wood ash and humic acid, and the experimental groups (A, B, D) using the three can further improve the yield and stability, indicating that the combination of wormwood powder, wood ash and humic acid can improve the yield and stability of celery; the control group A has improper planting management, low and unstable yield; the control group B simulates the solar greenhouse management and is not suitable for open-air planting, and the yield and stability are poor; the control group C lacks key ingredients, and the control group D has a single ingredient, so the yield and stability are not as good as the experimental group.

[0103] It can be seen that through the operation of each step and the combination of mugwort powder, wood ash and humic acid, the disease and pest resistance of celery can be enhanced, the quality rate can be improved, and the yield and stability can be increased. The best ratio is mugwort powder, wood ash and humic acid mixed in a ratio of 32:44:17, which can maximize the improvement of celery planting effect.

[0104] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Choose a plot with good drainage, ventilation and sunlight. Deeply plow the plot, apply well-rotted farmyard manure, and harrow and level the land 20-25 days before planting. S2. Seed treatment: Select celery seeds that are free of pests and diseases and have a high germination rate. Soak the seeds, wrap them with a damp cloth, and place them in an environment of 18-22°C for germination. Observe them continuously. When more than 90% of the seeds show signs of whitening, that is, the radicle of the seeds breaks through the seed coat, they can be sown. S3. Sowing: Sowing is carried out in spring or autumn. The sowing method can be row sowing or broadcast sowing. Watering is carried out after sowing. The amount of water per mu is 28m3. 3 -30m 3 ; S4. Seedling management: thinning, transplanting, water and fertilizer management, and tillage and weeding of celery; S5. Preparation before soil cultivation: preparing wormwood powder, wood ash, and a synergist, and mixing the wormwood powder, wood ash, and synergist in proportion to obtain a mixed material; S6. Soil Softening: When the celery plants grow to 25cm-30cm in height, use the mixed material to do the first soil mulching. After 9-10 days, use the mixed material to do the second soil mulching. S7. Field management: Carry out water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and tillage and weeding operations throughout the celery growth cycle; S8. Harvesting: When the celery plants grow to 35cm-45cm in height, they can be harvested.

2. The soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the depth of deep plowing of the plot is 32cm-36cm, 4000kg-4500kg of decomposed farmyard manure is evenly applied per mu, the width of the ridge is 1.2m-1.3m, the height of the ridge is 16cm-18cm, and the width of the furrow between the ridges is 32cm-36cm.

3. The soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 30° C.-35° C. for 11 h-13 h.

4. The soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, when the sowing time is in spring, the sowing is carried out from late March to early April; when the sowing time is in autumn, the sowing is carried out from late August to early September.

5. The soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, when the sowing method is row sowing, shallow trenches with a depth of 1.0 cm to 1.4 cm are dug on the bed surface with a row spacing of 16 cm to 20 cm, the seeds are evenly spread into the trenches, and then covered with soil with a thickness of 0.7 cm to 0.9 cm; When broadcasting is used as the sowing method, spread the seeds evenly on the bed surface, and then cover with soil with a thickness of 0.7cm-0.9cm. The seed rate per mu is 0.65kg-0.75kg.

6. The soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, thinning is performed when the seedlings have grown to 2-3 true leaves, and weak, diseased, and overcrowded seedlings are removed to keep the seedling spacing between 4 cm to 6 cm. Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, transplant them at a distance of 10cm-12cm to ensure they have enough space and nutrients to grow. Water and fertilizer management: During the seedling stage, check the soil moisture every 3-5 days. If the soil 2cm-3cm below the surface is dry, water it. At the same time, topdress with watering. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, apply 5kg-7kg of urea per mu. In addition, spray the leaves with 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7-10 days. Intertillage and weeding operations: Intertillage and weeding should be carried out during the growth period of celery seedlings. The depth of intertillage should be 3cm-5cm. At the same time, weeds in the field should be removed. Intertillage and weeding should be carried out 2-3 times during the entire seedling period.

7. The soil softening planting method for open-air cool-weather vegetable celery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the amount of wormwood powder is 140 kg / mu-160 kg / mu; the amount of wood ash is 180 kg / mu-220 kg / mu; the amount of the synergist is 75 kg / mu-85 kg / mu, and the synergist is humic acid.

8. The soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S5, the mixing ratio of the wormwood powder, the wood ash and the synergist is 28:36:15-32:44:

17.

9. The soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In said S6, the first soiling: using the mixed material to perform soiling operation at the base of the celery plant, the soiling thickness is 4.5cm-5.5cm, after the soiling is completed, watering once to make the soil fit tightly to the base of the plant; Second soiling: Use mixed materials to build up soil at the base of the celery plant. The thickness of the soil should be 6.5cm-7.5cm. After building up the soil, water it again to keep the soil moist.

10. The soil softening planting method for celery, a vegetable grown outdoors in cool weather, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In S7, water and fertilizer management: apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 12 kg / mu to 15 kg / mu every 10-12 days; pest and disease control: conduct inspections every 3-5 days, and if pests are found, use physical control methods to treat them; Intertillage weeding: loosen the soil to increase aeration while thoroughly removing weeds.

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