Rice cultivation method for novel ultra-long fragrant rice variety

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-long fragrant rice new variety rice cultivation method, which belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection; (2) seed treatment; (3) dry raising and seedling strengthening; (4) transplanting management; (5) water and fertilizer control; (6) isolated planting; (7) pest control; by optimizing variety selection, water and fertilizer regulation and ecological prevention and control, stable expression and high yield synergy of fragrance are achieved, and therefore the problems that according to a traditional rice cultivation method, synthesis of fragrant substances is insufficient, the rice grain breakage rate is high, and the lodging-resistant capacity is poor are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for cultivating a new variety of super-long fragrant rice. Background Art

[0002] Meitan extra-long fragrant rice, also known as Maogong rice, is a high-quality rice produced in Maoba Village, Yongxing Town, Meitan County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. Its characteristics include large rice grains with harmonious length and width ratios, unique appearance, bright color, crystal clear and full. When cooked, the juice is like milk, the rice grains are shiny and moist, soft and elastic when eaten, and naturally fragrant and delicious. The unique quality of Meitan extra-long fragrant rice is mainly due to its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions. Meitan County is located in the upper and middle reaches of the Meijiang River and has unique terrain, climate and soil conditions. These natural factors work together to make Meitan extra-long fragrant rice of excellent quality, and it is known as the "Treasure of Guizhou". Meitan extra-long fragrant rice also has a very high nutritional value. It is rich in essential amino acids, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, B vitamins and other nutrients, which are very beneficial to human health. Due to its unique aroma gene (BADH2) and long grain size, extra-long fragrant rice requires stringent cultivation environments and management techniques. Traditional rice cultivation methods can lead to insufficient synthesis of the aroma compound (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline), high grain breakage rates, and poor lodging resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned background technical difficulties and provide a method for cultivating a new variety of super-long fragrant rice.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for cultivating a new variety of super-long fragrant rice, comprising the following steps: (1) variety selection: selecting a variety with dominant expression of the aroma gene BADH2, grain length ≥7.5mm, and resistance to rice blast; (2) seed treatment: soaking and disinfecting the seeds in a 1.5-2% mass concentration of imidamide solution for 8-12 hours, rinsing with disinfectant water, and then germinating at 30-32°C until the bud length is ≤1mm; (3) dry-raising strong seedlings: sowing on a fertilized seedling bed with a pH of 5.5-6.5, with a sowing density of ≤80g / m², and a seedling age of 25-30 days, during which time organic fertilizer containing silicon potassium is applied; (4) transplanting management: the row spacing is 10cm×15cm, the transplanting depth is 2-3cm, and a shallow water layer of 6-8cm is maintained until the tillering period is peak; (5) Water and fertilizer control: Apply nitrogen fertilizer ≤8kg during the tillering period, and add silicon fertilizer 10kg / mu. Maintain a water depth of 12-14cm during the heading period, and cut off water 15 days before maturity. (6) Isolation planting: The straight-line distance from the ordinary rice planting area is ≥200 meters, and the flowering period is staggered by ≥15 days. (7) Pest and disease control: Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during the heading period, and combine rice-duck farming to control pests.

[0005] Furthermore, in step (3), the preparation method of the fertilized seedbed is: adding 3-5 kg ​​of decomposed manure, 50 g of superphosphate, and 20 g of potassium sulfate per square meter of the seedbed, mixing, and composting for 7 days.

[0006] Furthermore, in step (5), the silicon fertilizer is prepared by mixing rice husk charcoal and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1, and is dried at 80° C. and crushed to a particle size of ≤0.5 mm before application.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (7), the specific method of rice-duck farming is: 10-15 ducklings aged 15-20 days are released per mu, placed in the field 7 days after rice transplanting, and collected 7 days before heading.

[0008] Furthermore, the moisture content of the rice during harvesting is controlled at 18-20%, and the storage environment is a light-proof sealed container with a temperature of ≤15°C and a relative humidity of ≤65%.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for cultivating a new variety of super-long fragrant rice, which has the following beneficial effects: This application ensures the stable synthesis of aromatic substances through BADH2 gene screening and isolated planting; combines silicon calcium fertilizer with organic fertilizer to enhance the resistance of stems to lodging and reduce rice grain breakage; and uses ducklings to control insects and weeds to reduce the use of chemical pesticides; this application achieves the synergy of stable aroma expression and high yield by optimizing variety selection, water and fertilizer regulation and ecological prevention and control, thereby effectively solving the problems of traditional rice cultivation methods that easily lead to insufficient synthesis of aromatic substances, high rice grain breakage rate, and poor resistance to lodging. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] The present invention provides a method for cultivating a new variety of super-long fragrant rice, comprising the following steps: (1) Variety selection: selecting a variety with dominant expression of the aroma gene BADH2, a grain length ≥7.5 mm, and resistance to rice blast; further, the present application selects the locally approved super-long fragrant rice variety Meitan Xiang No. 1, the BADH2 genotype of which is dominant homozygous by PCR detection, ensuring stable aroma synthase activity; the grain length is 7.8±0.3 mm, the planting purity is 99.2%, and the germination rate is 93%. (2) Seed treatment: soaking and disinfecting the seeds in a 1.5-2% mass concentration of imidazole solution for 8-12 hours, rinsing with disinfectant water, and then germinating at 30-32°C until the bud length is ≤1 mm; further, the present application immerses the seeds in a 1.8% imidazole solution at 25°C for 10 hours, removes them, and then rinses them thoroughly with water; places them in a constant temperature box at 30°C for 24 hours to rupture the bud, and when the buds grow to 0.8 mm, spreads them out in a cool place to temper the buds for 6 hours. (3) Dry-rearing strong seedlings: sow seeds on a fertilized seedbed with a pH of 5.5-6.5, with a sowing density of ≤80g / m², and the seedlings are 25-30 days old. During this period, apply organic fertilizer containing silicon and potassium. The preparation method of the fertilized seedbed is to add 3-5kg of decomposed manure, 50g of superphosphate, and 20g of potassium sulfate per square meter of seedbed, mix them, and compost for 7 days. Further, this application selects a grit soil seedbed with a pH of 5.8, add 4.5kg of decomposed pig manure, 55g of superphosphate, and 22g of potassium sulfate per square meter, mix them, cover them with film, and compost for 7 days (the average temperature during the composting period is 18℃), so that the mineralization degree of fertilizer reaches 60% to avoid burning the seedlings. Water thoroughly one day before sowing and evenly spread at 70g / ㎡.

[0012] For seedling management, cover the soil with film to keep the temperature at 25-28℃ and remove the film when the emergence rate reaches 80%. Spray 0.1% potassium silicate solution at the two-leaf and one-heart stage. When the seedlings are 28 days old, the plant height is 18cm and the number of white roots is ≥12. (4) Transplantation management: The spacing between rows and plants is 10cm×15cm, the transplanting depth is 2-3cm, and a shallow water layer of 6-8cm is maintained until the tillering period is peak. Further, the soil is prepared for base fertilizer, deep plowing is 28cm, 1600kg of decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer and 55kg of silicon calcium fertilizer are applied per mu. After raking and leveling, the height difference of the field surface is ≤2cm. Then, transplant the seedlings manually at a spacing of 10cm×15cm, 2 seedlings per hole, and a depth of 2.5cm. After transplanting, a shallow water layer of 7cm is maintained. This application has concluded through experimental comparison that thinning planting can increase tillering space by 50%, the number of effective ears reaches 185,000 / mu, the light energy utilization rate increases by 20%, the base light transmittance is greater than 500lx, and the incidence of sheath blight is reduced. (5) Water and fertilizer control: Apply tillering fertilizer 7 days after transplanting, nitrogen fertilizer ≤ 8kg / mu, and silicon fertilizer 10kg / mu. Maintain a water depth of 12-14cm during the heading period, and the silicon concentration of the soil solution reaches 12mg / L. The enhanced diffusion effect of the water layer can promote the migration of silicate ions to the root system, increasing the silicon accumulation of each plant. Cut off water 15 days before maturity. The silicon fertilizer in this application is made by mixing rice husk charcoal and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1. Before application, the rice husk charcoal is dried at 80°C and crushed to a particle size of ≤0.5mm. This application uses sodium silicate as a co-solvent, and its alkalinity amplifies the micropores on the surface of the rice husk charcoal, that is, sodium silicate (pH>10) dissolves SiO2 on the surface of the rice husk charcoal to form micropores with a pore size of 50-100nm, and the specific surface area is increased to 15m² / g; using organic fertilizer as a slow-release carrier, humic acid is complexed with silicon ions to form a slow-release silica gel; experimental comparative detection shows that through paraffin sections (thickness 5μm, H&E staining) and microscopic observation, the number of thick-walled cell layers in the third internode at the base of the stem increased from 4 to 7, and the folding strength increased from 300g to 420g; potassium ions activate the activity of SOD enzyme, the superoxide radical scavenging rate increased by 35%, and the expression of lodging-related genes was increased by 2.1 times.

[0013] Furthermore, the present application maintains a water layer of 7 cm during the tillering period, and when the effective tillering reaches 80% of the expected number of seedlings, the field is sun-dried for 5 days (with the field surface slightly cracked); the water layer is deepened to 13 cm during the heading period, and after heading, a cycle of "shallow watering → natural drying → moistening for 2 days → re-irrigation" is adopted; the field water is drained during the yellow ripening period (15 days before harvest). (6) Isolation planting: The straight-line distance from the ordinary rice planting area is ≥200 meters, and the flowering period is staggered by ≥15 days. Based on the fluid mechanics model, the present application reduces the probability of pollen transmission to below 1% when the isolation distance is ≥200 meters and the wind speed is ≤2m / s; when the flowering period is staggered by ≥15 days, the sowing time difference is controlled to ensure that the target rice field and the surrounding ordinary rice flowering period do not overlap, thereby reducing the outcrossing rate. (7) Pest and disease control: During the heading period, apply 10 kg of potassium chloride per mu and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, combined with rice-duck farming to control pests; the specific method of rice-duck farming is: release 10-15 15-20 day old ducklings per mu, put them into the field 7 days after rice transplanting, and take them back 7 days before heading. That is, in this application, 12 13-day old mallards per mu are released 7 days after transplanting to prevent the ducks from stepping on the new roots. Take them back 7 days before heading to prevent them from pecking at the young ears. Hang 4 rice borer traps per mu with a spacing of 15m, and replace the traps every 20 days. If the center of rice blast is found at the end of tillering, spray 75% tricyclazole 30g / mu with water immediately.

[0014] The present application discloses rice harvesting and storage, wherein the moisture content of the rice is controlled at 18-20% during harvesting, and the storage environment is a light-proof sealed container with a temperature of ≤15°C and a relative humidity of ≤65%. The present application also discloses rice harvesting by hand when the moisture content is 19%, drying the rice with hot air circulation at 35°C to a moisture content of 13.5%, storing the rice in a constant temperature warehouse at 14°C and a relative humidity of 60%, and sealing the rice in double-layer woven bags.

[0015] The cultivation method of the new super-long fragrant rice variety provided in this application was compared with the traditional cultivation method in terms of isolation design, silicon fertilizer particle size, duck release time, and sex attractant layout. In the traditional cultivation method, the isolation design is single isolation, 100 meters or staggered period; the silicon fertilizer particle size is 1-2mm, and the specific surface area is 5㎡ / g; the duck release time is the day of transplanting or a random time; the sex attractant layout is linear, with no spacing standard; the comparison results are as follows: compared with the traditional method, the probability of pollen transmission in the cultivation method of this application is significantly reduced, the silicon release rate matches the peak of silicon required for ear formation, the larval killing rate is significantly improved, and the adult mating interference rate is increased. Quantitative output comparison shows that the 2-AP content of the present invention is 0.085ppm (cv=8.5%), the lodging rate is 2.1% when the wind force is 8, the damage rate of the striped stem borer is 2%, and the head rice rate is 68.3%; while the traditional cultivation method has a 2-AP content of 0.05ppm (cv=25.7%), the lodging rate is 18.3% when the wind force is 8, the damage rate of the striped stem borer is 35%, and the head rice rate is 58.6%; the cultivation method of the super long fragrant new rice variety provided by the present invention has an annual yield of 450-500kg, and a thousand-grain weight of ≥22g; through BADH2 gene screening and isolated planting, the stable synthesis of flavor substances is guaranteed; the application of silicon calcium fertilizer and organic fertilizer is combined to enhance the resistance of stems to lodging and reduce rice grain breakage; and then through ducklings to control insects and weeds, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced; the application achieves stable expression of flavor and synergy with high yield by optimizing variety selection, water and fertilizer regulation and ecological prevention and control, thereby effectively solving the problems of traditional rice cultivation methods that easily lead to insufficient synthesis of flavor substances, high rice grain breakage rate, poor resistance to lodging, etc.

[0016] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

[0017] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a new variety of super-long fragrant rice, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Variety selection: Select varieties with dominant expression of the aroma gene BADH2, grain length ≥7.5mm, and resistance to rice blast; (2) Seed treatment: Soak and disinfect the seeds in a 1.5-2% mass concentration of imidazole solution for 8-12 hours, rinse with disinfectant water, and germinate at 30-32°C until the bud length is ≤1mm; (3) Dry-rearing strong seedlings: Sow on a fertilized seedling bed with a pH of 5.5-6.5, with a sowing density of ≤80g / m², and a seedling age of 25-30 days. Apply organic fertilizer containing silicon and potassium during this period; (4) Transplanting management: The row spacing is 10cm×15cm, the transplanting depth is 2-3cm, and the shallow water layer is maintained at 6-8cm until the tillering stage is peak; (5) Water and fertilizer control: Apply nitrogen fertilizer ≤8kg during the tillering stage, and add silicon fertilizer 10kg / mu. Maintain a water depth of 12-14cm during the heading stage, and stop watering 15 days before maturity; (6) Isolation planting: The straight-line distance from the ordinary rice planting area is ≥ 200 meters, and the flowering period is staggered by ≥ 15 days; (7) Disease and pest control: Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during the heading period, and combine rice-duck farming to control pests.

2. The method for cultivating the new variety of super-long fragrant rice according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the preparation method of the fertilized seedbed is as follows: 3-5 kg ​​of decomposed manure, 50 g of superphosphate, and 20 g of potassium sulfate are added per square meter of the seedbed, and the mixture is mixed and then composted for 7 days.

3. The method for cultivating the new variety of super-long fragrant rice according to claim 1, wherein: In the step (5), the silicon fertilizer is prepared by mixing rice husk charcoal and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1, and is dried at 80° C. and crushed to a particle size of ≤0.5 mm before application.

4. The method for cultivating the new variety of super-long fragrant rice according to claim 1, wherein: In step (7), the specific method of rice-duck farming is: 10-15 ducklings aged 15-20 days are released per mu, placed in the field 7 days after rice transplanting, and taken back 7 days before heading.

5. The method for cultivating the new variety of super-long fragrant rice according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The moisture content of the rice during harvesting is controlled at 18-20%, and the storage environment is a light-proof sealed container with a temperature of ≤15°C and a relative humidity of ≤65%.