Roof rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system and method based on multi-parameter water quality grading

Abstract

The invention discloses a roof rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system and method based on multi-parameter water quality grading, and belongs to the field of rainwater processing. Comprising a roof rainwater collection unit, a multi-parameter monitoring flow guide unit, a grading treatment unit and a grading storage unit. And the roof rainwater collecting unit is used for discharging the first rainwater before 15 minutes into a municipal rainwater pipeline and collecting the rainwater after 15 minutes. A lifting pump of the multi-parameter monitoring flow guide unit pumps water to an initial ion discriminator, pipelines of different grades are selected according to parameter values, then rainwater is treated by the grading treatment unit, four grades are adopted in total, and electric energy is provided by a solar panel at the upper end of an ion monitor in the process. Rainwater flow guide pipes of different grades are conveyed into reservoirs of different grades of the grading storage unit. The electricity of the device is all from the power generation of the solar panel, so that the targeted treatment of rainwater is realized, the defects of far-end conveying and the waste of cross-grade treatment of rainwater are reduced, and the zero-pollution and zero-emission efficient utilization of the rainwater is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rainwater resource utilization, and in particular to a system and method for collecting, processing and classifying rainwater on a roof. The system is a system that improves the efficiency of rainwater utilization, avoids rainwater pollution and waste, and realizes automatic classification processing and classified storage of rainwater through real-time water quality analysis. Background Art

[0002] Traditional rooftop rainwater harvesting systems generally employ a crude, mixed collection and unified treatment model, which presents significant technical limitations. First, due to a lack of real-time monitoring of dynamic changes in rainwater quality, the system cannot discern the difference between initial rainwater pollution peaks and later water quality, resulting in either over-treatment (increased energy consumption) or under-treatment (posing safety risks). Second, conventional treatment equipment often employs fixed process parameters, making it difficult to adapt to the diverse pollution characteristics of rainwater. In particular, the removal efficiency of specific indicators, such as heavy metals and organic micropollutants, is unstable. Third, existing systems often mix and store rainwater of varying quality, resulting in the degradation of high-quality rainwater and the failure to maximize the value of water resources. Furthermore, traditional treatment units are typically located separately on the ground, occupying valuable ground space while increasing energy consumption and the risk of secondary pollution due to long-distance water transportation. These issues severely restrict the efficiency of rainwater resource utilization. Especially in urban areas with limited land, there is an urgent need to develop a new rainwater system that can be integrated into building roofs and equipped with intelligent, graded treatment capabilities to achieve precise and intensive rainwater management. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the significant technical limitations of the extensive model of mixed collection and unified treatment of traditional rooftop rainwater, the present invention proposes an intelligent monitoring and treatment system and method for rooftop rainwater based on multi-parameter water quality classification.

[0004] The system includes a roof rainwater collection unit, a multi-parameter monitoring and diversion unit, a hierarchical processing unit, and a hierarchical storage unit;

[0005] The roof rainwater collection unit comprises: a water collection vertical pipe (1-1) for collecting roof water at the upper end; an initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to the lower end of the water collection vertical pipe (1-1); the initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to an initial rainwater pipe (1-3) that discharges to the municipal system; and the initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to an initial rainwater collection chamber (1-5) via a diversion pipe (1-4); a water flow sensor, a water flow controller, and an electric valve are installed in the initial rainwater discarding device. When rainwater flows through the discharge device, the built-in water flow sensor sends a signal to the water flow controller. After receiving the information, the water flow controller starts timing. For the initial rain 15 minutes ago, the valve for discharging into the municipal rainwater pipe is opened, and the valve for discharging into the previous rainwater collection chamber is closed. The rainwater is discharged from the initial rain pipe (1-3) to the municipal rainwater pipe; 15 minutes later, the valve for discharging into the previous rainwater collection chamber is opened, and the valve for discharging into the municipal rainwater pipe is closed, and the rainwater flows out from the diversion pipe (1-4); the rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the previous rainwater collection chamber.

[0006] The multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit comprises: an initial ion discriminator (2-2), a graded diversion controller (2-3), a graded diversion solar panel (2-4), a fourth-level pipeline (2-5), a third-level pipeline (2-6), a second-level pipeline (2-7), a first-level pipeline (2-8), and a lifting pump (2-1) arranged at the bottom of an initial rainwater collection chamber (1-5); the lifting pump (2-1) is connected to the initial ion discriminator (2-2) to distribute rainwater to the initial ion discriminator (2-2); the initial ion discriminator (2-2) is equipped with a graded diversion controller (2-3); the initial ion discriminator (2-2) is respectively connected to the fourth-level pipeline (2-5) and the first-level pipeline (2-6). ), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8) are connected and communicated, and valves are installed on the fourth-level pipeline (2-5), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8); the graded diversion controller (2-3) is connected and communicated with the fourth-level pipeline (2-5), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8), respectively, and the valves on the fourth-level pipeline (2-5), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8) are electrically connected, and can control the opening and closing of each valve;

[0007] The graded diversion controller (2-3) classifies rainwater and selects different pipelines according to the value range of different levels, namely the IV pipeline (2-5), the III pipeline (2-6), the II pipeline (2-7), and the I pipeline (2-8), to transmit rainwater of corresponding levels, and judges and transmits rainwater in real time; the devices and equipment that require power in the multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit during the entire process are powered by the graded diversion solar panel (2-4), which is installed on the graded diversion controller (2-3);

[0008] The grading treatment unit includes a fourth-stage filter device (3-1), a fourth-stage ion discriminator (3-2), a fourth-stage controller (3-3), a fourth-stage solar panel (3-4), a fourth-stage return pipe (3-5), a fourth-stage flow guide pipe (3-a), a third-stage filter device (3-6), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-7), a third-stage ion monitor (3-8), a third-stage solar panel (3-9), a third-stage return pipe (3-10), a third-stage flow guide pipe (3-b), a second-stage filter device (3-11), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-12), a third-stage ion monitor (3-13), a third-stage solar panel (3-14), a third-stage return pipe (3-15), a third-stage flow guide pipe (3-16), a third-stage filter device (3-17), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-18), a third-stage ion monitor (3-19), a third-stage solar panel (3-20), a third-stage return pipe (3-21), a third-stage flow guide pipe (3-22), a third-stage filter device (3-23), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-24), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-25), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-26), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-27), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-28), a third-stage Filter device (3-11), second-stage ion discriminator (3-12), second-stage controller (3-13), second-stage solar panel (3-14), second-stage return pipe (3-15), second-stage flow guide pipe (3-c), first-stage filtration device (3-16), first-stage ion discriminator (3-17), first-stage controller (3-18), first-stage solar panel (3-19), first-stage return pipe (3-20), first-stage flow guide pipe (3-d); the above constitutes a four-stage branch circuit;

[0009] The IV branch: the IV pipeline (2-5) is connected to the IV filter device (3-1), the IV filter device (3-1) is composed of a cyclone separator (3-1-1) and a time-delayed scale-inhibiting dosing device (3-1-2) connected in sequence, the IV pipeline (2-5) is connected to the cyclone separator (3-1-1); the effluent of the time-delayed scale-inhibiting dosing device (3-1-2) is connected to the IV ion discriminator (3-2), and the IV ion discriminator (3-2) is equipped with a IV controller (3-3); the IV The outlet of the first-stage ion discriminator (3-2) is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the first-stage water reservoir (4-1) through the first-stage flow guide pipe (3-a) via a valve, and the other is connected to the cyclone separator (3-1-1) through the first-stage return pipe (3-5) via a valve for re-filtration; the first-stage controller (3-3) is equipped with a first-stage solar panel (3-4) to supply power to the above-mentioned devices requiring power; the first-stage ion discriminator (3-3) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned valve to control the opening and closing of the valve;

[0010] Level III branch: The level III pipeline (2-6) is connected to the level III filter device (3-6), and the level III filter device (3-6) is composed of a chemical coagulation filter (3-6-1) and a quartz filter (3-6-2) connected in sequence. The level III pipeline (2-6) is connected to the chemical coagulation filter (3-6-1), and the water outlet of the quartz filter (3-6-2) is connected to the level III ion discriminator (3-7). The level III ion discriminator (3-7) is equipped with a level III control The outlet of the third-level ion discriminator (3-7) is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the third-level water reservoir (4-2) through the third-level flow guide pipe (3-b) via a valve, and the other branch is connected to the chemical coagulation filter (3-6-1) through the third-level return pipe (3-10) via a valve for re-filtration. All electricity is provided by the third-level solar panel (3-9); the third-level controller (3-8) is electrically connected to the valve for controlling the valve switch.

[0011] Second-level branch: Second-level pipeline (2-7) is connected to the second-level filter device (3-11), which is composed of an activated carbon adsorber (3-11-1) and an ultrafiltration membrane filter (3-11-2) connected in sequence. Second-level pipeline (2-7) is connected to the activated carbon adsorber (3-11-1), and the outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filter (3-11-2) is connected to the second-level ion discriminator (3-12). The second-level ion discriminator (3-12) is equipped with a second-level control The outlet of the second-stage ion discriminator (3-12) is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the second-stage water reservoir (4-3) via a valve through the second-stage flow guide pipe (3-c), and the other branch is connected to the activated carbon adsorber (3-11-1) via a valve through the second-stage return pipe (3-15) for re-filtration. All electricity is supplied by the second-stage solar panel (3-14); the second-stage controller (3-13) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned valves respectively to control the opening and closing of the valves.

[0012] First-level branch: First-level pipeline (2-8) is connected to the first-level filter device (3-16), the first-level filter device (3-16) is composed of a nanometer filter (3-16-1) and an ozone disinfector (3-16-2) connected in sequence, the first-level pipeline (2-8) is connected to the nanometer filter (3-16-1), the ozone disinfector (3-16-2) is connected to the first-level ion discriminator (3-17), the first-level ion discriminator (3-17) is connected to the first-level ion discriminator (3-17) ) is equipped with a first-level controller (3-18), and the outlet of the first-level ion discriminator (3-17) is divided into two branches. One branch is connected to the first-level water reservoir (4-4) through the first-level guide pipe (3-d) via a valve, and the other branch is connected to the nano-filter (3-16-1) through the first-level reflux pipe (3-20) via a valve for re-filtration. The first-level controller (3-18) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned valves respectively to control the opening and closing of the valves.

[0013] The hierarchical storage units include a fourth-level water reservoir (4-1), a third-level water reservoir (4-2), a second-level water reservoir (4-3), and a first-level water reservoir (4-4). Rainwater is transported by different ion separators.

[0014] The ion discriminator is a bottom container with multiple built-in monitoring devices, including those for pH, Pb, Cd, TDS, turbidity, and COD. It also includes intelligent monitoring equipment and a six-dimensional integrated sensor array, including a pH monitoring unit using a differential glass electrode, a heavy metal monitoring unit using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) for simultaneous Pb / Cd detection, a TDS / conductivity unit using a four-electrode conductivity cell (range 0-2000 mg / L, accuracy ±1%), a turbidity monitoring unit using the 90° scattered light principle, and a COD rapid monitoring unit using UV-254 spectroscopy.

[0015] In water quality assessment, pH is the basic indicator reflecting the acidity and alkalinity of water bodies. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are both important heavy metal pollutant indicators. As toxic heavy metals, they are directly related to human health and ecological safety and need to be strictly controlled. TDS reflects the dissolved impurity content in water, which affects the suitability of water bodies. Turbidity directly reflects the concentration and cleanliness of suspended particulate matter. COD represents the degree of organic pollution and is related to risks such as eutrophication of water bodies. These indicators together constitute the key reference for water quality classification from the dimensions of chemical properties, toxicological safety, impurity content and pollution level, and are of great significance for judging the functional suitability and ecological health of water bodies.

[0016] Water quality is divided into five categories according to the "Standard Limits for Basic Items of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards." The ranges for pH, lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) can be referenced therein. The ranges for TDS can be referenced therein according to the "Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water" (GB 5749-2006). Turbidity is divided into three categories according to the "Water Quality Indicators and Classification Standards." The ranges for chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be referenced therein. Find reference water standards.

[0017] The monitoring device is electrically connected to the corresponding controller.

[0018] Each discriminator is buried underground, and the corresponding controller is exposed on the ground. The controller is connected to the solar panel. The entire process is powered by the solar panel above the controller, achieving real-time and accurate rain transmission judgment.

[0019] The processing method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: The rooftop rainwater collection unit serves as the "entrance" of the system. When rainwater flows through the discharge device, the built-in water flow sensor sends a signal to the water flow controller. The water flow controller starts timing after receiving the information. For the initial rain 15 minutes ago, the valve that discharges into the municipal rainwater pipe is opened, and the valve that discharges into the early rainwater collection chamber is closed. The rainwater is discharged from the initial rain pipe (1-3) to the municipal rainwater pipe. After 15 minutes, the valve that discharges into the early rainwater collection chamber is opened, and the valve that discharges into the municipal rainwater pipe is closed. The rainwater flows out from the diversion pipe (1-4); the rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the early rainwater collection chamber; the initial rain within 15 minutes is directly discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe, because this part of the rainwater carries a large amount of pollutants; the rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the early rainwater collection chamber;

[0021] Step 2: The lifting pump pumps the rainwater from the early rainwater collection chamber to the initial ion discriminator, monitors the values ​​of different parameters in the rainwater, and the graded diversion controller selects the fourth, third, second or first level pipeline transmission according to the value range of different levels, which corresponds to the four-level branch;

[0022] Step 3: Use different technologies at each level of the four-level branch to achieve targeted processing:

[0023] The fourth-level filtration device is composed of a cyclone separator and a slow-down scale inhibitor, which uses physical separation to control the parameters within a certain range: 6.5≤PH≤9, Pb≤50μg / L, Cd≤5μg / L, TDS≤1000mg / L, turbidity≤5NTU, 30mg / L <COD≤40mg / L;

[0024] The third - stage filtration device consists of a chemical coagulation filter and a quartz filter respectively. By means of chemical coagulation, the parameters are controlled within a certain range: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 8.5, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 200 mg / L < TDS ≤ 800 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 20 mg / L < COD ≤ 30 mg / L.

[0025] The second - stage filtration device consists of an activated carbon adsorber and an ultra - filtration membrane filter respectively. By means of adsorption and ultra - filtration treatment, the parameters are controlled within a certain range: 7 ≤ PH ≤ 8, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 50 mg / L < TDS ≤ 200 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 3 NTU, 15 mg / L < COD ≤ 20 mg / L;

[0026] The first - stage filtration device consists of a nano - filter and an ozone disinfector respectively. By means of nano - filtration and ozone oxidation, the parameters are controlled within a certain range: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 7.2, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 1 μg / L, TDS ≤ 50 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 2 NTU, COD ≤ 15 mg / L. The rainwater corresponding to each level above is transported to the ion resolver of the corresponding level. The ion resolver monitors the values of different ions, feeds the results back to the controllers of different levels and controls the outlet. If it meets the standard, the rainwater is allowed to flow out through the corresponding diversion pipe; if it does not meet the standard, it returns through the corresponding return pipe for re - treatment until it meets the standard; the rainwater treated to meet the standard passes through the diversion pipe of the corresponding level and is finally stored in the corresponding water storage tanks at all levels;

[0027] The rainwater stored in the water storage tanks at all levels is for different uses. The entire system is completely powered by solar panels. It not only realizes the targeted treatment of rainwater, effectively avoids the disadvantages of long - distance transportation and resource waste caused by cross - level treatment, but also can increase the government's financial revenue through the efficient utilization of rainwater, truly achieving the green goal of zero pollution and zero emission.

[0028] The further grading criteria for step two are as follows:

[0029] The fourth - stage: 3 ≤ PH ≤ 9, Pb > 10 μg / L, Cd > 5 μg / L, TDS > 1000 mg / L, turbidity > 5 NTU, COD > 40 mg / L;

[0030] The third - stage: 5 ≤ PH ≤ 9, 7 μg / L < Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, 3 μg / L < Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 800 mg / L < TDS ≤ 1000 mg / L, 3 NTU < turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 30 mg / L < COD ≤ 40 mg / L;

[0031] Level II: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 8.5, 4 μg / L < Pb ≤ 7 μg / L, 1 μg / L < Cd ≤ 3 μg / L, 200 mg / L < TDS ≤ 800 mg / L, 2 NTU < turbidity ≤ 3 NTU, 20 mg / L < COD ≤ 30 mg / L;

[0032] Level I: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 8, Pb ≤ 4 μg / L, Cd ≤ 1 μg / L, 50 mg / L < TDS ≤ 200 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 2 NTU, 15 mg / L < COD ≤ 20 mg / L; The judgment process is to comprehensively investigate the quality of rainwater; the 6 parameters correspond to 6 values and are distributed in 4 levels; the rainwater level determination adopts the principle of "higher level first", that is, the highest value in the rainwater levels corresponding to each parameter is used as the overall rainwater level. The specific rule is: when multiple water quality parameters correspond to different rainwater levels respectively, regardless of the number of parameters within each level, as long as there are parameters corresponding to higher level (lower quality) rainwater, it is determined that the overall level of this rainwater is the highest level among the levels corresponding to all parameters. This is because higher level (lower quality) rainwater reflects a more serious pollution situation, and its judgment priority is higher than that of lower level rainwater. For example, if in a certain sample, 1 parameter corresponds to Level IV rainwater, 2 parameters correspond to Level III, 1 parameter corresponds to Level II, and 2 parameters correspond to Level I, according to the principle of "higher level first", the rainwater level of this sample will be directly determined as Level IV.

[0033] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are: transforming the passive collection mode of the traditional rainwater system into an intelligent optimization mode, increasing the rainwater utilization rate to 85 - 92% through real-time water quality classification treatment, where the utilization rate of high-quality rainwater is increased by more than 40%. At the same time, dynamic process matching reduces energy consumption by 50 - 65% and reduces chemical consumption by 30 - 40%. The lightweight design of the roof integration (<300 kg / m 2 ) saves 60% of the ground space,配合 with a heavy metal removal rate of >99% and cloud intelligent monitoring, not only ensures water quality safety but also improves the operation and maintenance efficiency by 80%. All the electricity of the entire system is provided by solar panels. The filtered rainwater sold to different industries can also increase the income of the government. Each ton of rainwater utilization by this system can reduce carbon emissions by 0.3 - 0.5 kg, with an investment payback period of only 2 - 4 years and a service life of more than 15 years, achieving the unity of multiple benefits of economy (saving operation costs), environment (alleviating urban drainage pressure), and society (adapting to the needs of various buildings), and is especially suitable for green building projects in water-scarce areas and high-density cities. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional and interface of the overall roof rainwater intelligent monitoring and treatment system of the present invention Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional and interface of the roof rainwater collection unit described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional and interface diagram of the multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional and interface of the hierarchical processing unit described in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 The multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit processing process described in the first embodiment of the present invention

[0037] Figure 6 The value range of the water quality classification determined by the initial ion discriminator before rainwater treatment in the multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit of the first embodiment of the present invention is

[0038] Figure 7 The monitoring value range of ions by different level ion discriminators after rainwater treatment in the hierarchical treatment unit of the first embodiment of the present invention is determined.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional and interface of the hierarchical storage unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] This embodiment of the roof rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system and method. Figure 7 This embodiment includes: an initial rainwater discharge device, an initial rainwater collection chamber, an initial ion separator, a graded flow diversion controller, four-stage parallel processing units, four-stage parallel ion separators, four independent PE water tanks, and five solar panels.

[0043] System installation steps: The lower end of the water collection riser (1-1) is connected to the initial rainwater discharge device (1-2). The initial rainwater discharge device (1-2) is connected to the underground initial rainwater pipe (1-3) and the diversion pipe (1-4). The diversion pipe flows into the initial rainwater collection chamber (1-5) at a depth of one meter underground. The bottom lift pump (2-2) pumps the rainwater to the initial ion separator (2-2) buried at a depth of 0.5m. The rainwater is then transferred to the upper graded diversion controller to determine the ion value. The entire process of the multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit is powered by the upper graded diversion solar panel (2-4). After the rainwater is graded, it is transported to the 1m-deep 1m-level filtration device (3-1), 3-level filtration device (3-6), 2-level filtration device (3-11) and 1-level filtration device (3-16) through the 4-level pipeline (2-5), 3-level pipeline (2-6), 2-level pipeline (2-7) and 1-level pipeline (2-8), and the ion content is distinguished by the 4-level ion discriminator (3-2), 3-level ion discriminator (3-7), 2-level ion discriminator (3-12) and 1-level ion discriminator (3-17), which are connected to different levels of diversion pipes: 4-level diversion pipe (3-a), 3-level diversion pipe (3-b), 2-level diversion pipe (3-4), 3-level diversion pipe (3-5), 3-level diversion pipe (3-6), 3-level diversion pipe (3-11) and 3-level diversion pipe (3-16). The first-level flow guide pipe (3-c), the first-level flow guide pipe (3-d) and the return pipes of different levels: the fourth-level return pipe (3-5), the third-level return pipe (3-10), the second-level return pipe (3-15), and the first-level return pipe (3-20). The upper part is connected with the fourth-level controller (3-3), the third-level ion monitor (3-8), the second-level controller (3-13) and the first-level controller (3-18) to judge whether the ion value range meets the level standard. The upper part is connected with the fourth-level solar panel (3-4), the third-level solar panel (3-9), the second-level solar panel (3-14) and the first-level solar panel (3-19) to provide power for the entire hierarchical processing unit. Rainwater that meets the standards flows through the IV-level diversion pipe (3-a), III-level diversion pipe (3-b), II-level diversion pipe (3-c), and I-level diversion pipe (3-d) into the 1-meter-deep IV reservoir (4-1), III-level reservoir (4-2), II-level reservoir (4-3), and I-level reservoir (4-4). The entire system is powered by graded diversion solar panels (2-4), IV-level solar panels (3-4), III-level solar panels (3-9), II-level solar panels (3-14), and I-level solar panels (3-19).Among them, Class IV compliant water (6.5 ≤ pH ≤ 9, Pb ≤ 50 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, TDS ≤ 1000 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 30 mg / L < COD ≤ 40 mg / L) is supplied to industrial scenarios such as power plant cooling towers, process water for chemical plants, and dust suppression at construction sites. Class III compliant water (6.5 ≤ pH ≤ 8.5, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 200 mg / L < TDS ≤ 800 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 20 mg / L < COD ≤ 30 mg / L) is used for urban greening, road cleaning, and fire system reserves. Class II compliant water (7 ≤ pH ≤ 8, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 50 mg / L < TDS ≤ 200 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 3 NTU, 15 mg / L < COD ≤ 20 mg / L) is used for fountain landscapes, makeup water for central air conditioners, etc. Class I compliant water (6.5 ≤ pH ≤ 7.2, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 1 μg / L, TDS ≤ 50 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 2 NTU, COD ≤ 15 mg / L) is used for non-potable water in high-end commercial buildings, livestock drinking water, and irrigation water.

[0044] When the present invention is specifically implemented, first, a water collection vertical pipe (1-1) is installed on the building roof and connected to the initial rainwater runoff device (1-2) at the bottom of the building.

[0045] The so-called initial rainwater runoff device (1-2) has two pipes and a water flow sensor. When rainwater flows through the runoff device, the built-in water flow sensor sends a signal to the water flow controller. The water flow controller starts timing after receiving the information, opens the valve for discharging the initial rain within 15 minutes ago into the municipal rainwater pipe, closes the valve for discharging into the preliminary rainwater collection chamber, and the rainwater is discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe through the initial rain pipe (1-3). After 15 minutes, the valve for discharging into the preliminary rainwater collection chamber is opened, the valve for discharging into the municipal rainwater pipe is closed, and the rainwater flows out through the diversion pipe (1-4). The rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the preliminary rainwater collection chamber.

[0046] The so-called preliminary rainwater collection chamber (1-5) has a burial depth of 1 m, and water flows in from the diversion pipe (1-4), and a lift pump (2-1) is installed at the bottom.

[0047] The initial ion distributor (2-2) has a burial depth of 0.5 m, and the upper end is connected to a monitoring chamber of a hierarchical diversion controller (2-3) with built-in multi-parameter water quality sensors (including detection modules for pH, TDS, heavy metals, etc.) for real-time dynamic grading; the upper end is connected to a hierarchical diversion solar panel (2-4) to provide power for the entire multi-parameter monitoring and diversion unit. During operation, water is provided by the lift pump (2-1), and then the rainwater after grading is introduced into the corresponding four-stage parallel treatment unit through the built-in electric flow dividing valve.

[0048] Four-stage parallel treatment unit - Level I (3-1) uses "nanoceramic filtration + UV / ozone disinfection + electrodeionization" process to treat ultrapure water, Level II (3-6) prepares domestic water through "activated carbon adsorption + ultrafiltration + chloramine disinfection", Level III (3-11) uses "chemical coagulation + sand filtration + sodium hypochlorite disinfection" to produce municipal miscellaneous water, and Level IV (3-16) produces industrial cooling water through "cyclone separation + corrosion inhibition treatment"; the treated water will pass through four ion resolvers and four ion monitors.

[0049] The four ion discriminators: the IV level ion discriminator (3-2), the III level ion discriminator (3-7), the II level ion discriminator (3-12), and the I level ion discriminator (3-17) are used to judge the water quality again through four different level controllers: the IV level controller (3-3), the III level controller (3-8), the II level controller (3-13), and the I level controller (3-18). If the water does not meet the standards, it will be sent back to the different level filtration devices through the different level return pipes: the IV level return pipe (3-5), the III level return pipe (3-10), the II level return pipe (3-15), and the I level return pipe (3-20) for filtration until it meets the standards and then flows out through the different level guide pipes: the IV level guide pipe (3-a), the III level guide pipe (3-b), the II level guide pipe (3-c), and the I level guide pipe (3-d).

[0050] The four independent PE water tanks mentioned are: Level IV Reservoir (4-1), Level III Reservoir (4-2), Level II Reservoir (4-3), and Level I Reservoir (4-4). Through an intelligent water distribution system, water is prioritized according to water quality level to various destinations, including laboratory equipment, drinking water, landscaping irrigation, and cooling towers. Each treatment unit adopts a modular design (1.5m×1.2m×2m / unit) and is equipped with an IoT monitoring module, enabling fully automated operations from rainfall prediction, water quality analysis, graded treatment, to intelligent distribution. The entire system can process 20 tons of rainwater daily on a 200-square-meter rooftop area, with an investment payback period of approximately 2.5 years.

Claims

1. An intelligent rooftop rainwater monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification, characterized in that: It includes roof rainwater collection unit, multi-parameter monitoring and diversion unit, graded treatment unit and graded storage unit; The roof rainwater collection unit comprises: a water collection vertical pipe (1-1) for collecting roof water at the upper end; an initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to the lower end of the water collection vertical pipe (1-1); the initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to the initial rain pipe (1-3) that is discharged to the municipal system; and the initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to the initial rainwater collection chamber (1-5) through a diversion pipe (1-4); a water flow sensor, a water flow controller, and an electric valve are installed in the initial rainwater discarding device; when rainwater flows through the discarding device, the initial rainwater discarding device (1-2) is connected to the initial rainwater collection chamber (1-5) through the ... When the device is installed, the built-in water flow sensor sends a signal to the water flow controller. The water flow controller starts timing after receiving the information. For the first rain 15 minutes ago, the valve that discharges into the municipal rainwater pipe is opened, and the valve that discharges into the previous rainwater collection chamber is closed. The rainwater is discharged from the first rain pipe (1-3) to the municipal rainwater pipe; 15 minutes later, the valve that discharges into the previous rainwater collection chamber is opened, and the valve that discharges into the municipal rainwater pipe is closed. The rainwater flows out from the diversion pipe (1-4); the rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the previous rainwater collection chamber. The multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit comprises: an initial ion discriminator (2-2), a graded diversion controller (2-3), a graded diversion solar panel (2-4), a fourth-level pipeline (2-5), a third-level pipeline (2-6), a second-level pipeline (2-7), a first-level pipeline (2-8), and a lifting pump (2-1) arranged at the bottom of an initial rainwater collection chamber (1-5); the lifting pump (2-1) is connected to the initial ion discriminator (2-2) to distribute rainwater to the initial ion discriminator (2-2); the initial ion discriminator (2-2) is equipped with a graded diversion controller (2-3); the initial ion discriminator (2-2) is respectively connected to the fourth-level pipeline (2-5) and the first-level pipeline (2-6). ), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8) are connected and communicated, and valves are installed on the fourth-level pipeline (2-5), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8); the graded diversion controller (2-3) is connected and communicated with the fourth-level pipeline (2-5), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8), respectively, and the valves on the fourth-level pipeline (2-5), the third-level pipeline (2-6), the second-level pipeline (2-7), and the first-level pipeline (2-8) are electrically connected, and can control the opening and closing of each valve; The graded diversion controller (2-3) classifies rainwater and selects different pipelines according to the value range of different levels, namely the IV pipeline (2-5), the III pipeline (2-6), the II pipeline (2-7), and the I pipeline (2-8), to transmit rainwater of corresponding levels, and judges and transmits rainwater in real time; the devices and equipment that require power in the multi-parameter monitoring diversion unit during the entire process are powered by the graded diversion solar panel (2-4), which is installed on the graded diversion controller (2-3); The grading treatment unit includes a fourth-stage filter device (3-1), a fourth-stage ion discriminator (3-2), a fourth-stage controller (3-3), a fourth-stage solar panel (3-4), a fourth-stage return pipe (3-5), a fourth-stage flow guide pipe (3-a), a third-stage filter device (3-6), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-7), a third-stage ion monitor (3-8), a third-stage solar panel (3-9), a third-stage return pipe (3-10), a third-stage flow guide pipe (3-b), a second-stage filter device (3-11), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-12), a third-stage ion monitor (3-13), a third-stage solar panel (3-14), a third-stage return pipe (3-15), a third-stage flow guide pipe (3-16), a third-stage filter device (3-17), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-18), a third-stage ion monitor (3-19), a third-stage solar panel (3-20), a third-stage return pipe (3-21), a third-stage flow guide pipe (3-22), a third-stage filter device (3-23), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-24), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-25), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-26), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-27), a third-stage ion discriminator (3-28), a third-stage Filter device (3-11), second-stage ion discriminator (3-12), second-stage controller (3-13), second-stage solar panel (3-14), second-stage return pipe (3-15), second-stage flow guide pipe (3-c), first-stage filtration device (3-16), first-stage ion discriminator (3-17), first-stage controller (3-18), first-stage solar panel (3-19), first-stage return pipe (3-20), first-stage flow guide pipe (3-d); the above constitutes a four-stage branch circuit; The IV branch: the IV pipeline (2-5) is connected to the IV filter device (3-1), the IV filter device (3-1) is composed of a cyclone separator (3-1-1) and a time-delayed scale-inhibiting dosing device (3-1-2) connected in sequence, the IV pipeline (2-5) is connected to the cyclone separator (3-1-1); the effluent of the time-delayed scale-inhibiting dosing device (3-1-2) is connected to the IV ion discriminator (3-2), and the IV ion discriminator (3-2) is equipped with a IV controller (3-3); the IV The outlet of the first-stage ion discriminator (3-2) is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the first-stage water reservoir (4-1) through the first-stage flow guide pipe (3-a) via a valve, and the other is connected to the cyclone separator (3-1-1) through the first-stage return pipe (3-5) via a valve for re-filtration; the first-stage controller (3-3) is equipped with a first-stage solar panel (3-4) to supply power to the above-mentioned devices requiring power; the first-stage ion discriminator (3-3) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned valve to control the opening and closing of the valve; Level III branch: The level III pipeline (2-6) is connected to the level III filter device (3-6), and the level III filter device (3-6) is composed of a chemical coagulation filter (3-6-1) and a quartz filter (3-6-2) connected in sequence. The level III pipeline (2-6) is connected to the chemical coagulation filter (3-6-1), and the water outlet of the quartz filter (3-6-2) is connected to the level III ion discriminator (3-7). The level III ion discriminator (3-7) is equipped with a level III control The outlet of the third-level ion discriminator (3-7) is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the third-level water reservoir (4-2) through the third-level flow guide pipe (3-b) via a valve, and the other branch is connected to the chemical coagulation filter (3-6-1) through the third-level return pipe (3-10) via a valve for re-filtration. All electricity is provided by the third-level solar panel (3-9); the third-level controller (3-8) is electrically connected to the valve for controlling the valve switch. Second-level branch: Second-level pipeline (2-7) is connected to the second-level filter device (3-11), which is composed of an activated carbon adsorber (3-11-1) and an ultrafiltration membrane filter (3-11-2) connected in sequence. Second-level pipeline (2-7) is connected to the activated carbon adsorber (3-11-1), and the outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filter (3-11-2) is connected to the second-level ion discriminator (3-12). The second-level ion discriminator (3-12) is equipped with a second-level control The outlet of the second-stage ion discriminator (3-12) is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the second-stage water reservoir (4-3) via a valve through the second-stage flow guide pipe (3-c), and the other branch is connected to the activated carbon adsorber (3-11-1) via a valve through the second-stage return pipe (3-15) for re-filtration. All electricity is supplied by the second-stage solar panel (3-14); the second-stage controller (3-13) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned valves respectively to control the opening and closing of the valves. First-level branch: First-level pipeline (2-8) is connected to the first-level filter device (3-16), the first-level filter device (3-16) is composed of a nanometer filter (3-16-1) and an ozone disinfector (3-16-2) connected in sequence, the first-level pipeline (2-8) is connected to the nanometer filter (3-16-1), the ozone disinfector (3-16-2) is connected to the first-level ion discriminator (3-17), the first-level ion discriminator (3-17) is connected to the first-level ion discriminator (3-17) ) is equipped with a first-stage controller (3-18), the outlet of the first-stage ion discriminator (3-17) is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the first-stage water reservoir (4-4) through the first-stage flow guide pipe (3-d) via a valve, and the other is connected to the nano-scale filter (3-16-1) through the first-stage reflux pipe (3-20) via a valve for re-filtration, and the first-stage controller (3-18) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned valves respectively to control the opening and closing of the valves; The hierarchical storage units include a fourth-level water reservoir (4-1), a third-level water reservoir (4-2), a second-level water reservoir (4-3), and a first-level water reservoir (4-4). Rainwater is transported by different ion separators.

2. The rooftop rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ion discriminator is a bottom container with multiple built-in monitoring devices, including pH, Pb, Cd, TDS, turbidity, and COD detection devices.

3. The rooftop rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It includes intelligent monitoring equipment and a six-dimensional integrated sensor array, including a pH monitoring unit using a differential glass electrode, a heavy metal monitoring unit using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) for simultaneous detection of Pb / Cd, a TDS / conductivity unit using a four-electrode conductivity cell (range 0-2000 mg / L, accuracy ±1%), a turbidity monitoring unit using the 90° scattered light principle, and a COD rapid monitoring unit using UV-254 spectroscopy.

4. The rooftop rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The parameters for rainwater grade assessment are selected based on multi-dimensional indicators. In water quality assessment, pH is a basic indicator reflecting the acidity and alkalinity of water bodies. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are both important heavy metal pollutant indicators. As toxic heavy metals, they are directly related to human health and ecological safety and require strict control. TDS reflects the content of dissolved impurities in water, which affects the suitability of water bodies. Turbidity directly reflects the concentration and cleanliness of suspended particulate matter. COD indicates the degree of organic pollution and is related to risks such as eutrophication. These indicators, from the perspectives of chemical properties, toxicological safety, impurity content, and pollution level, constitute the key reference for water quality classification and are of great significance for judging the functional suitability and ecological health of water bodies.

5. The rooftop rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to the "Standard Limits of Basic Items of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards", water quality is divided into 5 categories, and the different grade selection ranges of PH, lead Pb, and cadmium Cd can be referred to therein. According to the "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water" (GB 5749-2006), the selection range of TDS can be referred to therein. According to the "Water Quality Indicators and Classification Standards", turbidity is divided into 3 categories, and the different grade selection ranges of turbidity can be referred to therein. When looking for the reference water standards, the different grade selection ranges of chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be referred to therein.

6. The rooftop rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring device is electrically connected to the corresponding controller.

7. The rooftop rainwater intelligent monitoring and processing system based on multi-parameter water quality classification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each discriminator is buried underground, and the corresponding controller is exposed on the ground, and the controller is connected to the solar panel.

8. The method for rainwater treatment by the intelligent monitoring and processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The rooftop rainwater collection unit serves as the "entrance" of the system. When rainwater flows through the drainage device, the built-in water flow sensor sends a signal to the water flow controller. The water flow controller starts timing after receiving the information. It opens the valve that discharges into the municipal rainwater pipe for the initial rain 15 minutes ago and closes the valve that discharges into the previous rainwater collection chamber. The rainwater is then discharged from the initial rain pipe (1-3) to the municipal rainwater pipe. After 15 minutes, the valve that discharges into the previous rainwater collection chamber is opened, and the valve that discharges into the municipal rainwater pipe is closed, and the rainwater flows out through the diversion pipe (1-4); the rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the previous rainwater collection chamber; the initial rain within 15 minutes is directly discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe, because this part of the rainwater carries a large amount of pollutants; the rainwater after 15 minutes is collected and temporarily stored in the previous rainwater collection chamber; Step 2: The lift pump pumps the rainwater in the preliminary rainwater collection chamber to the initial ion separator to monitor the values of different parameters in the rainwater. The hierarchical diversion controller selects the Ⅳth, Ⅲrd, Ⅱnd, or Ⅰst level pipeline for transmission according to the value range of different levels, corresponding to four-level branch pipes; Step 3: Different technologies are adopted for targeted treatment at each level of the four-level branch pipes: The Ⅳth level filtration device consists of a hydrocyclone and a slow-release scale inhibitor, and uses physical separation to control the parameters within a certain range; The Ⅲrd level filtration device consists of a chemical coagulation filter and a quartz filter, and uses chemical coagulation to control the parameters within a certain range; The Ⅱnd level filtration device consists of an activated carbon adsorber and an ultrafiltration membrane filter, and uses adsorption and ultrafiltration treatment to control the parameters within a certain range; The Ⅰst level filtration device consists of a nanoscale filter and an ozone disinfector, and uses nanofiltration and ozone oxidation to control the parameters within a certain range; The rainwater corresponding to each above level is transported to the ion separator of the corresponding level. The ion separator monitors the values of different ions, feeds back the results to the controllers of different levels, and controls the outlet. If it meets the standard, the rainwater flows out through the corresponding diversion pipe; if it does not meet the standard, it returns through the corresponding return pipe for re-treatment until it meets the standard; the rainwater treated to meet the standard passes through the diversion pipe of the corresponding level and is finally stored in the corresponding reservoirs at each level.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The grading criteria for different levels in Step 2 are as follows: The Ⅳth level: 3 ≤ PH ≤ 9, Pb > 10 μg / L, Cd > 5 μg / L, TDS > 1000 mg / L, turbidity > 5 NTU, COD > 40 mg / L; The Ⅲrd level: 5 ≤ PH ≤ 9, 7 μg / L < Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, 3 μg / L < Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 800 mg / L < TDS ≤ 1000 mg / L, 3 NTU < turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 30 mg / L < COD ≤ 40 mg / L; The Ⅱnd level: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 8.5, 4 μg / L < Pb ≤ 7 μg / L, 1 μg / L < Cd ≤ 3 μg / L, 200 mg / L < TDS ≤ 800 mg / L, 2 NTU < turbidity ≤ 3 NTU, 20 mg / L < COD ≤ 30 mg / L; The Ⅰst level: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 8, Pb ≤ 4 μg / L, Cd ≤ 1 μg / L, 50 mg / L < TDS ≤ 200 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 2 NTU, 15 mg / L < COD ≤ 20 mg / L; The judgment process comprehensively examines the quality of rainwater; the 6 parameters correspond to 6 values, which are distributed in 4 levels; the rainwater level determination adopts the "high-level priority" principle, that is, the highest value among the rainwater levels corresponding to each parameter is used as the overall rainwater level. The specific rules are as follows: when multiple water quality parameters correspond to different rainwater levels respectively, regardless of the number of parameters within each level, as long as there are parameters corresponding to high-level (low-quality) rainwater, the overall level of this rainwater is determined to be the highest level among the levels corresponding to all parameters; this is because high-level (low-quality) rainwater reflects a more serious pollution situation, and its judgment priority is higher than that of low-level rainwater. For example, if in a certain sample, 1 parameter corresponds to level IV rainwater, 2 parameters correspond to level III, 1 parameter corresponds to level II, and 2 parameters correspond to level I, according to the "high-level priority" principle, the rainwater level of this sample will be directly determined to be level IV.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that In step three, The level IV filtration device consists of a hydrocyclone separator and a slow-release scale inhibitor respectively, and uses physical separation methods to control the parameters within a certain range: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 9, Pb ≤ 50 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, TDS ≤ 1000 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 30 mg / L < COD ≤ 40 mg / L; The level III filtration device consists of a chemical coagulation filter and a quartz filter respectively, and uses chemical coagulation methods to control the parameters within a certain range: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 8.5, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 200 mg / L < TDS ≤ 800 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 5 NTU, 20 mg / L < COD ≤ 30 mg / L: The level II filtration device consists of an activated carbon adsorber and an ultrafiltration membrane filter respectively, and uses adsorption and ultrafiltration treatment methods to control the parameters within a certain range: 7 ≤ PH ≤ 8, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 5 μg / L, 50 mg / L < TDS ≤ 200 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 3 NTU, 15 mg / L < COD ≤ 20 mg / L; The level I filtration device consists of a nano-filter and an ozone disinfector respectively, and uses nano-filtration and ozone oxidation methods to control the parameters within a certain range: 6.5 ≤ PH ≤ 7.2, Pb ≤ 10 μg / L, Cd ≤ 1 μg / L, TDS ≤ 50 mg / L, turbidity ≤ 2 NTU, COD ≤ 15 mg / L.

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