Height-variable confocal and dodging micro-optical device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical devices, and particularly relates to a height-variable confocal and dodging micro-optical device. According to the technology, an optical fiber connector is included, the bottom of the optical fiber connector is connected with an upper protection shell, a light uniformizing module, a confocal module, a middle protection shell, a lower protection module, an anti-collision body and a nozzle, the light uniformizing module comprises a light uniformizing module shell and a light uniformizing lens, and the confocal module comprises a confocal module shell and a confocal lens. The lower protection module comprises a lower protection module shell and a first protection lens, an installation block is installed at the front end of the dodging module shell, a dodging lens installation ring is arranged on the outer side wall of the dodging lens, the dodging lens installation ring and the installation block are connected through a connecting spring, and adjusting blocks are arranged on the left side and the right side of the connecting spring correspondingly; a swing adjusting assembly is arranged on the mounting block, a limiting ring is arranged on the rear side of the dodging lens mounting ring, and the outer side wall of the limiting ring is sleeved with an extension spring. The dodging lens can be quickly dismounted and mounted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of optical devices, and in particular relates to a highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device. Background Art

[0002] In laser cutting systems, homogenization and confocal technology are key core factors in achieving high-quality cutting. Homing technology utilizes a collimating lens module to homogenize the laser beam, optimizing the beam's intensity distribution. This effectively reduces energy fluctuations and spot non-uniformity, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent focusing process and providing a stable and reliable parallel beam. Confocal technology focuses on the beam's focus. Using high-precision focusing lenses, the collimated beam is precisely focused to a single point, creating a high-intensity power density and ensuring high energy concentration for rapid material melting, vaporization, and cutting. The introduction of micro-optical devices has significantly improved and optimized the application of homogenization and confocal technology in laser cutting heads. First, micro-optical homogenization and confocal lenses enable precise control of the laser beam. During the homogenization process, the beam's intensity distribution can be further optimized, making the beam more uniform and enhancing the homogenization effect. In the confocal stage, the focusing characteristics of the light beam can be precisely controlled, the focusing accuracy and stability can be improved, and the laser beam can be more accurately focused on the cutting point, thereby enhancing the cutting ability. This not only improves the beam quality, but also makes the laser cutting head more compact and lightweight.

[0003] However, existing laser cutting heads still face numerous challenges in real-world processing environments. Because processing sites are often filled with various pollutants, such as dust, metal debris, and smoke generated during the cutting process, the lower protective lens is highly susceptible to contamination and damage, significantly increasing its replacement frequency. However, replacing the lower protective lens is currently complex, often requiring the disassembly of multiple components. This process not only increases maintenance time and labor costs, but also can reduce the assembly accuracy of the cutting head during reassembly, thereby impacting cutting quality. Furthermore, existing homogenizing lenses and their corresponding adjustment components are typically integrated, as are confocal lenses and their corresponding adjustment components. When replacing a homogenizing or confocal lens, the corresponding adjustment components must be removed together. This design significantly complicates the replacement process and can easily affect the homogenization characteristics of the beam and the accuracy of the focal position. Especially in cutting sites, where dust-free environments are often difficult to maintain, the complex structure is more susceptible to dust attraction during replacement, which can negatively impact optical performance and reduce the accuracy and stability of the lifting mechanism. In practical applications, existing laser cutting heads rely primarily on program control to avoid collision risks. However, when the cutting head faces unexpected situations such as warping of the workpiece during cutting, it is unable to trigger the anti-collision program in a timely and effective manner, which makes the cutting head extremely vulnerable to damage, thereby affecting the continuity and stability of the cutting operation.

[0004] Chinese patent publication number CN220825572U discloses a laser lens adjustment device. The focusing lens barrel of this device is fixed to the adjustment seat by a stopper, wherein the stopper is a rubber strip or tension spring, etc., which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the focusing lens barrel. This design can not only limit and fix the focusing lens barrel, but also provide a certain degree of mobility. However, this device also has obvious shortcomings. When the focusing lens needs to be replaced, the entire adjustment device must be disassembled, and the focusing lens barrel must be disassembled with the help of special tools to complete the lens replacement operation. This not only increases the complexity of the operation, but also the structures of the stopper and adjustment member are relatively complex, which also greatly increases the adhesion of dust.

[0005] Chinese patent publication number CN119870739A discloses a laser cutting head for optoelectronic device processing. The device features a protective assembly consisting of a fixed post, a fixed ring, a bumper, and a telescopic spring. The fixed ring is connected to the main body via a fixed post, and the outer ring of the fixed ring is fitted with a bumper via a telescopic spring. When encountering non-planar workpieces, especially those with raised surfaces, the larger diameter of the placement ring can easily cause interference with the raised portion of the workpiece, affecting normal processing, leading to frequent interruptions and reduced processing efficiency.

[0006] Chinese patent publication number CN119703420A discloses a centering device for a laser cutting head focusing lens assembly. The lens mounting assembly of this device primarily comprises a gland and a lens barrel. The lens is placed within the barrel and secured to the gland and barrel with bolts. Cleaning or replacing the lens requires removing the bolts and then inverting the lens. This cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive process reduces maintenance efficiency. Frequent disassembly and assembly of the bolts can also damage the threads or gland.

[0007] Therefore, there are many problems with existing laser cutting heads. The protective lenses need to be replaced frequently, but the existing replacement process is complicated. It is necessary to remove the bolts and then invert the lens to remove it, which increases maintenance costs and time. The uniform light lens and confocal lens are integrated with the corresponding adjustment components. When replacing, all parts of the adjustment component need to be removed before the lens can be replaced, which increases the complexity of the operation and easily affects the uniform light beam characteristics and focus position accuracy. In addition, replacing complex structures in a dust-free environment increases the risk of dust adhesion; the anti-collision ability is insufficient. When encountering emergencies such as cutting the workpiece or warping of the raised edge, the cutting head is easily damaged, affecting the continuity and stability of the operation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device, which can quickly disassemble and install a light-homogenizing lens.

[0009] The highly variable confocal and uniform light micro-optical device includes an optical fiber connector for transmitting laser light downward, and the bottom of the optical fiber connector is connected to an upper protective shell, a uniform light module, a confocal module, a middle protective shell, a lower protective module, an anti-collision body and a nozzle in sequence from top to bottom for the laser to pass through. A protective lens assembly for protection is installed in the upper protective shell and the middle protective shell. The protective lens assembly includes a second protective lens installed in the upper protective shell and the middle protective shell respectively. The uniform light module includes a uniform light module shell and a uniform light lens installed in the uniform light module shell. The confocal module includes a confocal module shell and a confocal lens installed in the confocal module shell and capable of moving up and down. The lower protective module includes a lower protective module shell and a first protective lens installed in the lower protective module shell. The uniform light module shell is a "U"-shaped structure with an opening facing forward, and a mounting hole can be detachably installed at the opening at its front end. Block, the uniform light lens is located in the uniform light module housing on the rear side of the mounting block, and a uniform light lens mounting ring is provided along the circumference on the outer side wall of the uniform light lens. The uniform light lens mounting ring and the mounting block are connected by a connecting spring, and adjustment blocks are provided on the left and right sides of the connecting spring, one end of the adjustment block is hinged to the mounting block, and the other end can swing left and right, and presses against the uniform light lens mounting ring from both sides, and a swing adjustment component that can make the adjustment block swing left and right is provided on the mounting block. A limiting ring with a semicircular ring structure is provided along the circumference on the rear side of the uniform light lens mounting ring, and a tension spring is provided on the outer side wall of the limiting ring, and both ends of the tension spring pass through the two ends of the limiting ring forward respectively and are connected to an adjustment component that drives it to move forward and backward, and the adjustment component is installed on the uniform light module housing, and the left and right ends of the corresponding limiting ring are respectively fixed with first guide plates in the uniform light module housing on its front side, for limiting the limiting ring in the uniform light module housing behind the first guide plate.

[0010] The spring body of the tension spring pulls the limiting ring forward, exerting a pulling force on the homogenizing lens forward, and the swing adjustment component adjusts the rear end of the adjustment block to swing left and right, thereby adjusting the left and right position of the homogenizing lens from the front and back and left and right sides of the homogenizing lens respectively. By adjusting the front and back position of the tension spring through the adjustment component, the homogenizing lens is adjusted in the front and back direction, thereby realizing the centering adjustment of the homogenizing lens and the confocal lens; when the homogenizing lens needs to be removed, the mounting block is removed from the front end of the homogenizing module housing, thereby driving the adjustment component and the homogenizing lens to move out from the front side. After the homogenizing lens is moved out Due to the elastic force of the tension spring, the limiting ring is driven forward to the first guide plate to prevent it from sliding out. The space behind the first guide plate is the movable space of the limiting ring, which makes it convenient to adjust the position of the uniform light lens by adjusting the two ends of the tension spring; when installing the uniform light lens, insert the uniform light lens into the uniform light module housing, press the limiting ring backward, and fix it after the mounting block is inserted; it is convenient to quickly disassemble and install the uniform light lens, move the confocal lens up and down to adjust its height, and change the distance between the confocal lens and the uniform light lens, thereby realizing the adjustment of the focal length.

[0011] Furthermore, a lens fixing assembly is provided on the outer side wall of the confocal lens, and the lens fixing assembly includes a confocal lens mounting ring which is sleeved on the outer side of the confocal lens, and second limit blocks are fixed on the front and rear side walls of the confocal lens mounting ring, and a focus adjustment mechanism is provided in the confocal module housing on the right side of the confocal lens mounting ring, and the focus adjustment mechanism includes a movable frame with an arc-shaped structure on the left side, and grooves are provided on the inner walls at the front and rear ends of the movable frame for sliding left and right with the second limit blocks, and a guide column is provided on the right end of the movable frame for sliding up and down with the guide column, and a screw rod which is threadedly matched with the movable frame is vertically provided on the movable frame on one side of the guide column, and a driving assembly for driving the screw rod to rotate is provided on the right side wall of the confocal module housing; A flap door is provided on the left side wall of the confocal module housing, and a clamping assembly is provided in the confocal module housing on the right side of the flap door. The clamping assembly and the confocal lens mounting ring slide up and down. When the uniform light lens needs to be removed, the clamping assembly clamps the confocal lens mounting ring.

[0012] When the confocal lens is not taken out, the clamping assembly only limits the left end of the confocal lens mounting ring, and the driving assembly drives the lead screw to rotate, driving the movable frame to move up and down, and then driving the confocal lens to move up and down, changing the distance between the confocal lens and the uniform light lens, thereby realizing the adjustment of the focal length; when the confocal lens needs to be removed, the flip door is opened, the clamping assembly clamps the confocal lens mounting ring and moves to the left together, the second limit block moves to the left along the sliding groove on the inner side of the left end of the movable frame and is separated from the movable frame and taken out from the left side of the confocal module housing; when installing the confocal lens, the clamping assembly clamps the confocal lens mounting ring and is inserted inward from the left side of the confocal module housing, so that the second limit block moves to the right into the sliding groove on the inner side of the left end of the movable frame, and the flip door is closed, so that the confocal lens can be quickly disassembled and assembled.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a clamping plate with a scissor-type structure and located below the uniform light lens, a limiting post is vertically fixed to the right end of the clamping plate, and a limiting groove is provided on the left wall of the confocal lens mounting ring corresponding to the limiting post. When the right end of the clamping plate is clamped inward, the limiting post is located in the limiting groove, and the left end of the clamping plate is respectively connected to kneading blocks distributed in front and behind, and buckles for engaging the two kneading blocks after kneading are installed on the opposite sides of the two kneading blocks. A limiting protrusion is fixed on the right wall of the flap door. When the flap door is closed, the limiting protrusion is located between the two kneading blocks, and the two kneading blocks are separated; The left end of the movable frame is connected to a horizontal support spring, the right end of the support spring is connected to the movable frame, and the left end is connected to a lock buckle, the right end of the lock buckle is bent upward and connected to the support spring, and the right end of the lock buckle below the support spring is hinged to the movable frame. When the support spring is in a free state, the left end of the lock buckle hooks the second limit block inward, and the bent section corresponding to the lock buckle is laterally provided with a push plate that can move left and right in the confocal module shell on its left side. When the push plate moves to the right, its right end compresses the support spring, and the left end of the lock buckle is separated from the second limit block.

[0014] When the confocal lens needs to be taken out, move the confocal lens down to the right side of the clamping plate, open the flap door, pinch the two kneading blocks to engage them, and the left end of the clamping plate moves inward, driving the right end of the clamping plate of the scissor-type structure to clamp inward. The limit column is located in the limit groove, clamping the confocal lens mounting ring, pushing the push plate to the right, pushing the bent section at the right end of the lock buckle to the right, swinging the left end of the lock buckle outward, unlocking the second limit block, and moving the kneading block and the confocal lens to the left to the confocal module housing. Outside; when installing the confocal lens, open the flip door, slide the clamping assembly and the confocal lens to the right into the slide groove in the mobile frame, the left ends of the two locks will be affected by the elastic force of the supporting spring, and lock the second limit block inward, close the flip door, and the limit protrusion on the right side wall of the flip door will be pushed inward between the two kneading blocks, so that the two kneading blocks are separated, and the clamping state of the clamping plate and the confocal lens mounting ring is released; the clamping plate located at the bottom of the confocal module housing can minimize the opening size and has a good dust-proof effect.

[0015] Furthermore, the confocal lens mounting ring includes a second placement ring with a flange provided inwardly at the inner bottom, a second fixing ring with a flange provided inwardly at the inner top is placed in the second placement ring, the confocal lens is located in the second fixing ring, the second limiting blocks are fixed on the front and rear outer walls of the second fixing ring, a notch is provided on the second fixing ring corresponding to the second limiting blocks, an elastic sheet is provided on the second fixing ring corresponding to the second limiting blocks, the second limiting blocks are fixed on the elastic sheet, the upper end of the elastic sheet is fixed to the second fixing ring, and the lower end can swing along the inner and outer sides of the second fixing ring, and a clamping block is fixed on the inner and outer side walls of the bottom of the elastic sheet; When the elastic sheet is in a free state, the outer clamping block clamps the second placement ring outward, and the inner clamping block is separated from the confocal lens; when the lower end of the elastic sheet swings inward, the outer clamping block is separated from the second placement ring, and the inner clamping block clamps the confocal lens inward.

[0016] When the confocal lens needs to be removed, pinch the elastic sheet inward so that the lower end of the elastic sheet swings inward, the clamping block on the outside separates from the second placement ring, and the clamping block on the inside clamps the confocal lens inward. Remove the second fixing ring from the upper side of the second placement ring, and then remove the confocal lens.

[0017] Furthermore, a technical solution is provided for the highly variable confocal and uniform light micro-optical device according to claim 4, wherein a third fixing ring for placing the first protective lens is provided in the lower protection module shell, and a third placement ring is clamped on the outer side of the third fixing ring, and a connecting handle is fixed on the front side wall of the third placement ring, and a cover for opening and closing is hinged on the lower protection module shell on the front side of the connecting handle, the left end of the cover is hinged to the lower protection module shell, and the right end can swing back and forth, and is locked to the lower protection module shell through an eccentric cam clamping rod.

[0018] When the first protective lens needs to be replaced, open the eccentric cam clamping rod, the cover plate contacts and locks with the lower protection module shell, the right end of the cover plate swings to the left, and the connecting handle is pulled forward to quickly remove the first protective lens.

[0019] Furthermore, a mounting seat is provided between the anti-collision body and the lower protection module shell, the mounting seat is fixed to the bottom of the lower protection module shell, the upper end of the anti-collision body is located in the mounting seat, the outer side surface of the upper end of the anti-collision body and the inner side surface of the mounting seat are both arc-shaped structures, the lower end of the mounting seat is processed with an external thread, and the anti-collision body is provided with a locking ring that is threadedly matched with the lower end of the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is threadedly fitted with multiple ball-end screws, and corresponding ball-end screws are provided with grooves on the anti-collision body, and the screw of the ball-end screw passes through the mounting seat and fits into the groove.

[0020] The locking ring is used to lock the bumper to the bottom of the mounting base. The bumper can swing along the inside of the mounting base, effectively cushioning and absorbing impact forces, significantly reducing the impact on other precision components and protecting the equipment from damage. It also facilitates the installation of sensors between the bumper and the mounting base. If the bumper deviates, the system stops working to prevent further damage to the device.

[0021] Furthermore, the swing adjustment assembly includes an adjusting screw distributed in the front-to-back direction and matched with the mounting block thread. The screw rod of the adjusting screw passes through the mounting block and is connected to the support block. The rear side surface of the support block is an arc surface. The corresponding support block is vertically fixed with a cylinder at the rear end of the adjusting block. The cylinder is located in the groove on the rear side of the support block. The head of the adjusting screw is fitted with an adjusting end cap. The rear end of the adjusting end cap is rotatably connected to the mounting block. The front end of the adjusting end cap is located on the front side of the mounting block. Rotating the adjusting end cap drives the adjusting screw to rotate, and the head of the adjusting screw moves back and forth along the adjusting end cap.

[0022] Rotate the adjustment end cap to drive the adjustment screw to rotate and move back and forth along the adjustment end cap. The adjustment block squeezes the first placement ring. According to the distance the adjustment screw moves back and forth, the centering adjustment of the uniform light lens and the confocal lens, that is, focus adjustment, is achieved.

[0023] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a knob located on the right side of the confocal module housing, and the knob is connected to the lower end of the lead screw through the transmission assembly.

[0024] Rotating the knob drives the screw to rotate, which in turn drives the confocal lens to move up and down, making it easy to adjust the height of the confocal lens.

[0025] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes an adjusting bolt, the head of which is located on the front side of the homogenizing module housing. The screw of the adjusting bolt independently passes through the homogenizing module housing and is threaded with a slider that can only move in the forward and backward directions. The slider is respectively connected to the two ends of the tension spring.

[0026] Turn the adjusting bolt to drive the slider to move forward and backward, adjust the tightness of the tension spring, and further adjust the front and rear position of the uniform light lens.

[0027] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a first transmission assembly connected to the knob, the first transmission assembly includes a large gear that can rotate around its own axis, the large gear extends out of the confocal module housing through a rotating shaft and is connected to the knob, the large gear is engaged with a small gear, and the small gear is connected to a second transmission assembly, the second transmission assembly includes a worm connected to the small gear, and the worm is engaged with a turbine connected to the lead screw.

[0028] Rotating the knob drives the large and small gears to rotate, which in turn drives the worm gear to rotate, and drives the lead screw to rotate.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the light homogenizing lens needs to be taken out, the mounting block is removed from the front end of the light homogenizing module housing, thereby driving the adjustment assembly and the light homogenizing lens to move out from the front side. After the light homogenizing lens is moved out, the elastic force of the tension spring drives the limiting ring to move forward to the first guide plate to prevent it from sliding out. The space behind the first guide plate is the movable space of the limiting ring, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the light homogenizing lens by adjusting the two ends of the tension spring; when installing the light homogenizing lens, the light homogenizing lens is inserted into the light homogenizing module housing, pressed backward against the limiting ring, and fixed after the mounting block is inserted; it is convenient for quick disassembly and installation of the light homogenizing lens, and the confocal lens is moved up and down to adjust its height, thereby changing the distance between the confocal lens and the light homogenizing lens, thereby achieving focal length adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front structure of FIG. Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram after sectioning along line BB is shown in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram after sectioning along the CC line; Figure 6 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram after sectioning along line DD in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at E in the middle; Figure 8It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the confocal module housing and the second guide plate in the confocal module after partial cross-section and the focus adjustment mechanism; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at F in the middle; Figure 10 for Figure 8 A magnified exploded diagram of the center lens fixing assembly; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a highly variable confocal and uniform light micro-optical device.

[0031] Component names in the figure: 1. Fiber optic connector; 2. Upper protective housing; 3. Hoisting module; 3.1. Hoisting module housing; 3.2. Mounting bracket; 3.3. Adjustment assembly; 3.4. Fixing bolt; 3.5. Adjustment end cap; 3.6. Mounting block; 3.7. Limiting ring; 3.8. First fixing ring; 3.9. Hoisting lens; 3.10. First placement ring; 3.11. Tension spring; 3.12. First guide plate; 3.13. Adjustment block; 3.14. Adjustment Screw; 3.15, connecting spring; 3.16, first limit block; 4, confocal module; 4.1, confocal module housing; 4.2, flap door; 4.3, clamping assembly; 4.3.1, mounting shell; 4.3.2, kneading block; 4.3.3, clamping plate; 4.3.4, limit plate; 4.4, second guide plate; 4.5, confocal lens; 4.6, lens fixing assembly; 4.6.1, second fixing ring; 4.6.2, second placement ring; 4.6.3, first Second limit block; 4.7, push plate; 5, fixing bracket; 6, middle protective shell; 7, lower protective module; 7.1, lower protective module shell; 7.2, cover plate; 7.3, eccentric cam clamping rod; 7.4, limit groove; 7.5, connecting rod; 7.6, third placement ring; 7.7, first protective lens; 7.8, third fixing ring; 7.9, first guide sleeve; 7.10, connecting handle; 8, mounting seat; 9, ball screw; 10, nozzle; 11, locking ring; 12, Anti-collision body; 13. Focus adjustment mechanism; 13.1. Frame; 13.2. Guide column; 13.3. Screw; 13.4. First transmission assembly; 13.5. Moving frame; 13.6. Knob; 13.7. Second transmission assembly; 13.8. Support spring; 13.9. Lock; 14. Protective lens assembly; 14.1. Second protective lens; 14.2. Fourth placement ring; 14.3. Fourth fixing ring; 14.4. Connecting cover; 15. Second guide sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device described in this embodiment is implemented using the following scheme: Combine Figures 1 to 11 As shown, from top to bottom, it includes an optical fiber connector 1, an upper protective shell 2, a light homogenization module 3, a confocal module 4, a middle protective shell 6, a lower protective module 7, and a nozzle 10.

[0034] The confocal module 4 comprises a confocal module housing 4.1, a flap door 4.2, a clamping assembly 4.3, a second guide plate 4.4, a confocal lens 4.5, a lens fixing assembly 4.6 and a push plate 4.7. The confocal module housing 4.1 is a square structure with a circular through hole running through the center. A mounting groove with a horizontal cross section opening to the right and a "U"-shaped structure is provided in the confocal module housing 4.1. The height dimension can meet the requirements of the up and down adjustment of the confocal lens 4.5, and the arc radius of the mounting groove is consistent with the radius of the through hole in the center of the housing and remains coaxial. A placement groove is provided on the lower half of the left side of the confocal module housing 4.1 to the right, extending through the "U"-shaped mounting groove. The spacing between the front and rear side walls of the placement groove is the same as the width between the front and rear of the "U"-shaped mounting groove. The height of the upper and lower side walls of the placement groove must be greater than the thickness of the confocal lens 4.5. The confocal module housing 4.1 is provided with vertically distributed and rectangular limiting notches on the front and rear side walls at the right end of the "U"-shaped installation groove and on the front and rear side walls at the left end of the placement groove.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, a pivot distributed in the front-to-back direction is fixed at the upper left corner of the placement slot, and the pivot is hinged to the flap door 4.2, whose main body is a plate-like structure. Arc-shaped guard plates are fixed on the front and back sides of the right side of the flap door 4.2. An arc-shaped groove that matches the arc-shaped guard plate is provided on the confocal module shell 4.1 at the front and back positions of the placement slot. When the flap door 4.2 flips downward around the pivot, the arc-shaped guard plate is located in the arc-shaped groove. The right side of the flap door 4.2 and the left side of the confocal module shell 4.1 are in the same vertical plane, and the two are matched with a stopper, thereby achieving precise positioning and reliable connection. As shown Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, a circular ring is fixed at the center of the lower end of the flap door 4.2 in the front-to-back direction. A threaded hole is machined on the confocal module housing 4.1 to the right of the ring, corresponding to the position of the circular ring. A locking bolt is installed on the circular ring. After passing through the circular ring, the locking bolt is threadedly connected to the threaded hole on the confocal module housing 4.1. By tightening the locking bolt, the flap door 4.2 and the confocal module housing 4.1 can be locked. Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, a protrusion with a semicircular cross-section is vertically fixed on the upper half of the right side wall of the flap door 4.2 and located at the front and rear center, serving as a limiting protrusion.

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, a second guide plate 4.4 is fixedly installed in each of the confocal module housing 4.1 on the front and rear side walls of the placement slot. The second guide plate 4.4 is a horizontal long strip block. The right ends of the two second guide plates 4.4 on the opposite side are each provided with an arc-shaped notch, and the arc-shaped notch coincides with the center line of the arc of the "U"-shaped installation slot of the confocal module housing 4.1, and the radius is the same. A through slot is respectively provided on the two second guide plates 4.4, so that the second guide plates 4.4 on the front and rear sides are divided into two parts, upper and lower. Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, the push plate 4.7 is placed in the through slot in the second guide plate 4.4. The push plate 4.7 is a plate-shaped structure, and the thickness between its front and rear side walls is less than the thickness between the front and rear side walls of the second guide plate 4.4, so that a certain gap is formed between the inner side of the second guide plate 4.4 and the inner side of the push plate 4.7, and the gap forms a sliding groove. Figure 9 As shown, horizontal trapezoidal sliders are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the push plate 4.7, and horizontal sliding grooves are provided on the second guide plates 4.4 on both sides of the push plate 4.7 to slide with the sliders in a left-right sliding manner, so that the push plate 4.7 can slide in the through grooves of the second guide plates 4.4 in the left-right direction. Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the left end of the push plate 4.7 located on the rear side is folded backward and located in the limiting notch on the left side of the confocal module housing 4.1, and the left end of the push plate 4.7 located on the front side is folded forward and also located in the limiting notch on the left side of the confocal module housing 4.1, so that the push plate 4.7 as a whole presents an "L"-shaped structure in cross section.

[0037] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, a clamping assembly 4.3 is detachably installed in the placement groove of the confocal module housing 4.1 between the two second guide plates 4.4. The clamping assembly 4.3 consists of a mounting shell 4.3.1, a kneading block 4.3.2, a clamping plate 4.3.3 and a limiting plate 4.3.4.

[0038] The limiting plate 4.3.4 is a square block, and a notch is provided on the front and rear side walls of the limiting plate 4.3.4 to avoid the left end of the push plate 4.7. A stepped fixed groove is provided from left to right on the limiting plate 4.3.4, and the cross-section of the fixed groove is in the shape of an inverted "convex". In the fixed groove of the limiting plate 4.3.4, two kneading blocks 4.3.2 are installed at intervals in the front and back. The top and bottom surfaces of each kneading block 4.3.2 are fixed with a trapezoidal slider in the front and back directions, and corresponding sliding grooves are provided on the upper and lower side walls of the fixed groove of the limiting plate 4.3.4, so that the kneading block 4.3.2 can slide back and forth along the limiting plate 4.3.4. As Figure 9 As shown, on the left side wall of the kneading block 4.3.2, the lower half of the left end of the two kneading blocks 4.3.2 on the opposite side are each provided with a notch with a semicircular cross-section. The opening direction of the two notches is toward the kneading block 4.3.2 on the opposite side. A "C"-shaped buckle is installed on the semicircular notch of the rear kneading block 4.3.2, and a cylindrical block that cooperates with the buckle is installed on the semicircular notch of the front kneading block 4.3.2. Figure 5 As shown, a mounting shell 4.3.1 with an opening facing left is provided at the right end of the limiting plate 4.3.4. The mounting shell 4.3.1 is a square shell structure as a whole, and its right side wall is designed as an arc surface. The center line of the arc surface coincides with the center line of the central through hole of the confocal module shell 4.1. A clamping plate 4.3.3 is installed in the mounting shell 4.3.1. The clamping plate 4.3.3 is composed of two long strips. The middle section is hinged by a vertical pivot to form a scissor-type structure. The pivot is fixed at the center of the mounting shell 4.3.1. Limiting columns of cylindrical structure are vertically fixed to the left and right ends of the clamping plate 4.3.3, and the left ends of the two clamping plates 4.3.3 are bent so that the bent sections of the left ends are parallel to each other in the front-to-back direction. A notch is provided on the right side wall of the mounting shell 4.3.1 corresponding to the right end of the clamping plate 4.3.3 for the right end of the clamping plate 4.3.3 to extend to the right. The left end of the mounting shell 4.3.1 is fixed to the center of the right end of the limiting plate 4.3.4 by bolts. The right end of the kneading block 4.3.2 is provided with a mounting hole corresponding to the left end of the clamping plate 4.3.3, and the left end of the clamping plate 4.3.3 extends into the mounting hole.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, a lens fixing assembly 4.6 is installed in the confocal module housing 4.1 on the right side of the mounting housing 4.3.1. The lens fixing assembly 4.6 includes a second fixing ring 4.6.1, a second placement ring 4.6.2 and a second limit block 4.6.3. Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the main body of the second placement ring 4.6.2 is a circular ring structure that is connected from top to bottom. There are two notches on the upper end. The notches are located on the front and rear side walls of the circular ring structure and are symmetrically distributed front to back. The inner bottom of the second placement ring 4.6.2 on the left and right sides of the notch is provided with flanges along the circumference. The outer diameter of the second placement ring 4.6.2 is consistent with the distance between the two second guide plates 4.4. Figure 10 As shown, a second fixing ring 4.6.1 is provided in the second placement ring 4.6.2, which is connected up and down. The outer diameter of the second fixing ring 4.6.1 is consistent with the inner diameter of the second placement ring 4.6.2, and a flange is provided on the top of the second fixing ring 4.6.1 inward along the circumference. A notch is provided on the front and rear side walls of the second fixing ring 4.6.1, and an elastic sheet with a plate-like structure is fixed downward on the second fixing ring 4.6.1 on the top surface of the notch, and the lower end of the elastic sheet is lower than the lower end of the second fixing ring 4.6.1. A second limiting block 4.6.3 with a rectangular structure is fixed on the outer side walls of the two elastic sheets. A card block with a triangular cross-section is fixed on the front and rear side walls of the lower ends of the two elastic sheets. When the elastic sheet is in a free state, the outer card block protrudes to the outer wall of the second fixing ring 4.6.1, and the inner card block is flush with the inner ring wall of the second fixing ring 4.6.1. A card slot is provided on the inner bottom of the second placement ring 4.6.2 corresponding to the outer card block. As shown Figure 5 and Figure 10 As shown, a retaining groove is provided on the left outer wall of the second placement ring 4.6.2, corresponding to the retaining post on the right end of the clamping plate 4.3.3. A confocal lens 4.5, also known as a focusing lens in the prior art, is placed between the top of the second fixing ring 4.6.1 and the bottom of the second placement ring 4.6.2.

[0040] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, a focus adjustment mechanism 13 is installed at the right end of the "U"-shaped installation groove of the confocal module housing 4.1. The focus adjustment mechanism 13 includes a frame 13.1, a guide column 13.2, a screw 13.3, a first transmission assembly 13.4, a moving frame 13.5, a knob 13.6, and a second transmission assembly 13.7. Figure 8 As shown, the main body of the rack 13.1 is a vertical rectangular block structure, with two horizontal and square support plates installed symmetrically on its left side wall, spaced vertically apart. The left end of the support plate is processed with a rounded corner that is concentric with the left arc of the "U"-shaped installation groove in the confocal module housing 4.1 and has the same radius. A through hole is opened vertically through the two support plates, which is concentric with the circular through hole of the confocal module housing 4.1 and has the same diameter. Figure 5As shown, two vertical guide posts 13.2 are symmetrically installed between the two support plates of the frame 13.1, and the guide posts 13.2 are located outside the circular through holes of the support plates. A screw rod 13.3 is vertically installed between the two support plates inside the two guide posts 13.2, and the screw rod 13.3 is located on the right side of the circular through hole of the support plate.

[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the lower end of the screw 13.3 is connected to the second transmission assembly 13.7. The second transmission assembly 13.7 is a worm gear transmission. The worm gear and the screw 13.3 are coaxially mounted and fixed. The worm gear is arranged horizontally, and the rod body is meshed with the worm gear. The worm gear is rotatably mounted on the frame 13.1 through a bearing seat. A countersunk hole is provided on the right side wall of the frame 13.1, and the first transmission assembly 13.4 is mounted on the countersunk hole. The first transmission assembly 13.4 is a large and a small gear transmission, and the two gears are meshed with each other. Both gears are rotatably connected to the frame 13.1 through a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft of the large gear passes through the frame 13.1 and is connected to a knob 13.6. The small gear is fixed to the right end of the worm gear of the second transmission assembly 13.7. The first transmission assembly 13.4 and the second transmission assembly 13.7 constitute a transmission assembly. Rotating the knob 13.6 transmits force to the screw 13.3, driving the screw 13.3 to rotate around its own axis.

[0042] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the movable frame 13.5 is a "C"-shaped structure with its opening facing left, and the front and rear side walls of the opening of the movable frame 13.5 are aligned with the right ends of the second guide plates 4.4 on both sides. Three guide sleeves are vertically installed along the circumference on the outer wall of the movable frame 13.5, and the two guide columns 13.2 are respectively located in two of the sleeves and are slidably matched up and down. The screw rod 13.3 is located in the other guide sleeve and is threadedly matched. A slide groove is provided on the inner wall of the movable frame 13.5 along the circumference, and the spacing and groove depth of the upper and lower groove walls of the slide groove correspond to the slide groove formed by the second guide plate 4.4 and the push plate 4.7. When the lens fixing assembly 4.6 is installed, the second limit block 4.6.3 is located in the slide groove inside the movable frame 13.5. As shown Figure 5 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, rectangular notches are provided on the front and rear side walls at the left end of the mobile frame 13.5, into which lock catches 13.9 and support springs 13.8 are mounted. The main body of the lock catches 13.9 is a plate-like structure. The left ends of the two lock catches 13.9 bend inward to hook onto the left end of the second limit block 4.6.3, while the right ends bend outward to connect to the laterally distributed support springs 13.8. The right end of the lock catches 13.9 is bent at a pivot point and hinged to the mobile frame 13.5. When the support springs 13.8 are free, the bent section on the left end of the lock catch 13.9 locks the second limit block 4.6.3. Pushing the push plate 4.7 to the right pushes the bent section on the right side of the lock catch 13.9 to the right, causing the left end of the lock catch 13.9 to swing outward along its own pivot axis, thereby unlocking the second limit block 4.6.3.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, a light homogenizing module 3 is installed on the top surface of the confocal module 4. The light homogenizing module 3 includes a light homogenizing module housing 3.1, a mounting frame 3.2, an adjustment assembly 3.3, a fixing bolt 3.4, an adjustment end cap 3.5, a mounting block 3.6, a limiting ring 3.7, a first fixing ring 3.8, a light homogenizing lens 3.9, a first placement ring 3.10, a tension spring 3.11, a first guide plate 3.12, an adjustment block 3.13, an adjustment screw 3.14, a connecting spring 3.15 and a first limit block 3.16. Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, the main body of the light homogenization module housing 3.1 is a square block, and its length and width are consistent with those of the confocal module housing 4.1. Figure 4 As shown, the chamber inside the light dodging module housing 3.1 is a "U" structure with an opening forward, and a through hole with the same diameter and coaxial with the central through hole of the confocal module housing 4.1 is opened at its center. Two rectangular fixing blocks are symmetrically installed on the front end of the inner wall of the light dodging module housing 3.1, and threaded holes are machined on the two rectangular fixing blocks from front to back. Figure 11 As shown, the main structure of the mounting frame 3.2 is a rectangular block. Figure 11 As shown, the mounting bracket 3.2 is mounted at the front opening of the light dodging module housing 3.1. Two pairs of through-holes are opened on the front side walls at the left and right ends of the mounting bracket 3.2. The outer countersunk holes are penetrated by fixing bolts 3.4, which are threadedly matched with the threaded holes of the fixing block of the light dodging module housing 3.1 to achieve locking of the two. Figure 4 As shown, a rectangular slot is provided on the wall of the rear half of the inner countersunk hole, which is distributed in the front-to-back direction. An adjustment assembly 3.3 is installed in the rectangular slot. The adjustment assembly 3.3 includes a slider located in the rectangular slot and slidingly fitting in the front-to-back direction. A threaded hole is provided at the upper and lower centers of the slider, which is threadedly passed through by an adjustment bolt. The screw of the adjustment bolt independently passes through the countersunk hole located on the inner side of the mounting frame 3.2 and then passes through the threaded hole. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, a square through hole is provided at the center of the mounting frame 3.2, which is connected front to back and is used to install the mounting block 3.6. First guide plates 3.12 are fixed to the rear side walls of the mounting frame 3.2 on both sides of the square through hole. The first guide plates 3.12 are plate-shaped structures. The inner side walls of the two first guide plates 3.12 are provided with sliding grooves distributed in the front-to-back direction. The outer side walls are provided with two semicircular cross-sectional limit grooves that are spaced apart vertically. Figure 4 As shown, a semicircular limiting ring 3.7 is placed on the rear side of the two first guide plates 3.12 in the housing 3.1 of the uniform light module. The diameter of the limiting ring 3.7 is consistent with the distance between the two first guide plates 3.12. A sliding groove is provided on the inner wall of the limiting ring 3.7 along the circumference. The sliding groove is consistent in size with the sliding groove on the first guide plate 3.12. A limiting groove with a semicircular cross-section and an upper and lower spacing is provided on the outer wall of the limiting ring 3.7 along the circumference. The limiting groove is consistent in size with the upper limiting groove on the first guide plate 3.12. Figure 3 As shown, limiting blocks are fixed on the left and right outer side walls of the front end of the limiting ring 3.7 respectively, and a limiting hole connected to the limiting groove is opened on the limiting block along the front-back direction.

[0044] like Figure 4 and Figure 11 As shown, there are two tension springs 3.11. One end of each is fixed to the slider of the left adjustment assembly 3.3, spaced apart from each other. The other end passes through the stoppers on either side of the limit ring 3.7 and is fixed to the slider of the right adjustment assembly 3.3. The spring bodies of the two tension springs 3.11 are retained in the retaining grooves of the first guide plate 3.12 and the outer wall of the limit ring 3.7.

[0045] like Figure 4 and Figure 11 As shown, the mounting block 3.6 is a square block structure, and its size corresponds to the square through hole in the center of the mounting frame 3.2. Figure 2As shown, the upper left half and the lower right half of the mounting block 3.6 are fixed with rectangular connecting plates, countersunk holes are provided on the connecting plates and bolts are installed. The mounting frame 3.2 is provided with bolt holes at corresponding positions, and is fixedly connected to the mounting block 3.6 by bolts. The rear side of the mounting block 3.6 is provided with two hinged blocks that are spaced apart and symmetrical on the left and right sides, which are used to hinge the adjustment block 3.13. The main body of the adjustment block 3.13 is a frame structure, and the frames at the left and right ends are cylindrical structures. Threaded countersunk holes that are spaced apart and symmetrical on the left and right sides are provided on the front side of the mounting block 3.6. The adjusting screw 3.14 is installed in the threaded countersunk hole. The adjusting screw 3.14 is an external hexagon screw. After its screw rod passes through the threaded countersunk hole, it is fixed with a support block. The rear side of the support block is an arc surface, which is used to support the cylinders at both ends of the adjustment block 3.13. The head of the adjusting screw 3.14 is fitted with an adjusting end cap 3.5, and the countersunk section of the threaded countersunk hole of the mounting block 3.6 is processed with an annular groove. The adjusting end cap 3.5 is a cylindrical structure, and a hexagonal inner hole opening facing backward is opened on the adjusting end cap 3.5. The head of the adjusting screw 3.14 is located in the hexagonal inner hole, and a retaining ring is fixed on the outer wall of the adjusting end cap 3.5, which matches the annular groove in the threaded countersunk hole on the mounting block 3.6, so that the two are engaged.

[0046] like Figure 4 and 10 As shown, the first placement ring 3.10 has the same structure as the second placement ring 4.6.2 and is located inside the limiting ring 3.7. The first fixing ring 3.8 is located inside the first placement ring 3.10 and has the same structure as the second fixing ring 4.6.1. The structure of the first limit block 3.16 is the same as that of the second limit block 4.6.3 and is fixed to the outer wall of the elastic sheet on both sides of the first fixing ring 3.8. A uniform light lens 3.9 is installed between the top of the first fixing ring 3.8 and the bottom of the first placement ring 3.10. The uniform light lens 3.9 is also called a collimating lens in the prior art. The first placement ring 3.10 is installed between the limiting ring 3.7 and the two adjustment blocks 3.13. The first limit block 3.16 is located in the slide groove of the inner ring of the limiting ring 3.7. The first placement ring 3.10 and the mounting block 3.6 are connected by a connecting spring 3.15 distributed in the front-to-back direction.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 11As shown, an upper protective shell 2 is installed on the top surface of the light homogenizing module shell 3.1. The upper protective shell 2 is a rectangular shell. A through hole is provided in the center of the upper protective shell 2, which is coaxial with the through hole in the center of the light homogenizing module shell 3.1 and has the same diameter. A mounting groove is provided on the front side of the light homogenizing module shell 3.1. The groove wall on the rear side of the mounting groove is an arc structure, and the center line of the arc is coaxial with the central through hole of the upper protective shell 2. A rectangular groove is provided on the front side wall of the upper protective shell 2 and at the front end of the mounting groove. The bottom of the rectangular groove on both sides of the mounting groove is processed with threaded holes backward. A middle protective shell 6 is installed on the bottom surface of the confocal module shell 4.1. The structure of the middle protective shell 6 is consistent with that of the upper protective shell 2. As shown Figure 11 As shown, a second guide sleeve 15 with a "U"-shaped structure opening forward is installed in the chambers of the upper protective shell 2 and the middle protective shell 6. The inner wall of the second guide sleeve 15 is processed with a slide groove, and a protective lens assembly 14 is installed in the slide groove.

[0048] like Figure 3 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the protective lens assembly 14 includes a second protective lens 14.1, a fourth positioning ring 14.2, a fourth fixing ring 14.3, and a connecting cover 14.4. The fourth positioning ring 14.2 has the same structure as the second positioning ring 4.6.2 and is located within the guide groove of the second guide sleeve 15. The fourth fixing ring 14.3 is located within the fourth positioning ring 14.2 and has the same structure as the second fixing ring 4.6.1. The combined height of the fourth positioning ring 14.2 and the fourth fixing ring 14.3 is less than the height of the second positioning ring 4.6.2 and the second fixing ring 4.6.1, and the specific dimensions are determined by the size of the second protective lens 14.1.

[0049] like Figure 3 and Figure 11 As shown, a second protective lens 14.1 is mounted between the inner bottom of the fourth placement ring 14.2 and the inner top of the fourth fixing ring 14.3. The front side of the fourth placement ring 14.2 is secured to a long, rectangular connection cover 14.4 via a rectangular connection plate. Countersunk holes are machined on the left and right ends of the connection cover 14.4, extending in a forward and backward direction. The two sets of protective lens assemblies 14 are secured to the upper protective housing 2 and the middle protective housing 6, respectively, by bolts inserted through the countersunk holes on either side of the connection cover 14.4. The fourth placement ring 14.2 is positioned within the guide groove of the second guide sleeve 15.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, a lower protection module 7 is mounted on the bottom surface of the middle protection housing 6. The lower protection module 7 includes a lower protection module housing 7.1, a cover plate 7.2, an eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3, a limiting groove 7.4, a connecting rod 7.5, a third placement ring 7.6, a first protective lens 7.7, a third fixing ring 7.8, a first guide sleeve 7.9, and a connecting handle 7.10.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the lower protection module housing 7.1 is a cylindrical structure, and its top surface is fixed to the bottom surface of the middle protection housing 6. Figure 6 As shown, a rectangular through hole is provided in the lower protection module housing 7.1. The left and right sides of the rectangular through hole are tangent to the inner hole of the lower protection module housing 7.1. A first guide sleeve 7.9 is installed in the lower protection module housing 7.1. The horizontal cross-section of the first guide sleeve 7.9 is a "C"-shaped structure with the opening facing forward, and a sliding groove is provided along the circumference of its inner wall. A rectangular notch is provided on the lower protection module housing 7.1 at the front end of the rectangular through hole. Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, a cover plate 7.2 is hinged at the left end of the rectangular notch on the front side of the lower protection module housing 7.1. A groove is provided on the rear side wall of the cover plate 7.2, and a limiting groove 7.4 with a triangular horizontal cross-section is provided at the right end of the rectangular notch in the lower protection module housing 7.1. A connecting rod 7.5 is hinged at the angle of the limiting groove 7.4. The connecting rod 7.5 is distributed in the front-to-back direction, with its rear end hinged to the lower protection module housing 7.1 and its front end able to swing left and right. The front end of the connecting rod 7.5 is connected to the eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3. Corresponding to the eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3, a rectangular groove is provided at the right end of the cover plate 7.2. The eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3 locks the cover plate 7.2 to the lower protection module housing 7.1 at this rectangular groove. The third placement ring 7.6 has the same structure as the fourth placement ring 14.2 and is located in the sliding groove of the first guide sleeve 7.9. The third fixing ring 7.8 is located in the third placement ring 7.6 and has the same structure as the fourth fixing ring 14.3. A first protective lens 7.7 is installed between the inner bottom of the third placement ring 7.6 and the inner top of the third fixing ring 7.8.

[0052] A connecting handle 7.10 is connected to the front side of the third placement ring 7.6. When the third fixing ring 7.8, the first protective lens 7.7 and the third placement ring 7.6 are placed in the sliding groove of the first guide sleeve 7.9, and the cover plate 7.2 is in a locked state, the front end of the connecting handle 7.10 fits into the groove on the rear side of the cover plate 7.2.

[0053] like Figure 1As shown, a mounting seat 8 is installed on the bottom surface of the lower protection module shell 7.1. The mounting seat 8 is composed of two discs, one large and one small, with the upper half being the large disc and the lower half being the small disc. The mounting seat 8 is fixed to the bottom of the lower protection module 7 by bolts. A through hole is provided at the center of the mounting seat 8, which passes through the upper and lower parts, and the through hole in the lower half is a semi-spherical arc surface that is connected to the upper and lower parts. An anti-collision body 12 is placed in the through hole of the semi-spherical arc surface. The anti-collision body 12 is a spherical structure as a whole, and both the upper and lower ends are cut into planes. A through hole is provided on the anti-collision body 12, and the upper half of the through hole is processed into a conical surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and the lower half is processed with an internal thread, and the internal thread is matched with the nozzle 10. The upper portion of the anti-collision body 12 is positioned within the mounting seat 8, while the lower portion is fitted with a locking ring 11 that fits against the outer wall of the anti-collision body 12. The top inner ring of the locking ring 11 is internally threaded, while the lower outer wall of the mounting seat 8 is externally threaded, forming a threaded fit. When the locking ring 11 and the mounting seat 8 are secured, the upper portion of the anti-collision body 12 is retained within the mounting seat 8.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the mounting base 8 is machined with multiple threaded holes at equal intervals along the circumference, extending through to the anti-collision body 12. Ball screws 9 are installed in these threaded holes. Semicircular grooves are machined on the anti-collision body 12 at positions corresponding to the threaded holes of the mounting base 8. After the ball screw 9 passes through the mounting base 8, the steel ball fits into the semicircular groove of the anti-collision body 12. A sensor can be installed between the anti-collision body 12 and the mounting base 8. If the anti-collision body 12 deviates, it stops working.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, a fiber optic connector 1 is mounted on the top surface of the upper protective housing 2. This conventional connector consists of a ferrule, a ferrule body (sleeve), and a housing. The ferrule is the core component, securing the optical fiber to its center hole. The ferrule body accommodates the two ferrules, aligning and securing them. Made of metal or rigid plastic, it ensures accurate fiber connection. The housing provides protection and a connection interface. Available in a variety of shapes and sizes, the housing is made of a material that offers mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a fixing frame 5 is installed on the rear side wall of the light homogenizing module 3 and the confocal module 4. The fixing frame 5 is a rectangular plate with mounting slots for bolts on both sides.

[0057] The instructions for using the above technical solution are as follows: Before use, please make the following preparations: Figure 1 As shown, connect the input end of the optical fiber connector 1 to the output head of the optical fiber laser, install the fixing frame 5 to the processing equipment, and connect the sensor output signal end of the mounting base 8 and the anti-collision body 12 to the control system of the optical fiber laser to ensure that the control system can monitor the state changes of the sensor in real time. Figure 3As shown, first turn the knob 13.6, causing the first transmission assembly 13.4 to drive the worm of the second transmission assembly 13.7, which in turn drives the screw 13.3 to rotate, adjusting the height of the movable frame 13.5. The two guide posts 13.2 and the screw 13.3 are arranged in a triangular shape, making the movable frame 13.5 more stable during the ascent process. Adjusting the height of the movable frame 13.5 changes the distance between the confocal lens 4.5 and the uniform light lens 3.9, thereby adjusting the focal length. Figure 4 As shown, rotating the adjustment end cap 3.5 drives the adjustment screw 3.14 to rotate, and the adjustment block 3.13 squeezes the first placement ring 3.10, thereby achieving the centering adjustment of the uniform light lens 3.9 and the confocal lens 4.5, that is, the focus adjustment. The adjustment component 3.3 can adjust the tension of the tension spring 3.11.

[0058] The working principle when used is as follows: The laser beam output by the fiber laser enters the homogenizing module 3 through the protective lens assembly 14 of the upper protective shell 2, where the laser beam is homogenized. The homogenizing lens 3.9 converts the laser beam into a uniform parallel beam, optimizes the light intensity distribution of the beam, and reduces energy fluctuations and light spot unevenness. The light beam passing through the homogenizing module 3 enters the confocal module 4. The confocal lens 4.5 in the confocal module 4 focuses the collimated light beam precisely to a point, then passes through the protective lens assembly 14 of the middle protective shell 6 and the first protective lens 7.7 of the lower protective module 7, and finally exits from the nozzle 10. The confocal lens 4.5 is composed of high-precision micro-optical lenses that can focus the light beam into a light spot with high-intensity power density. This high-intensity light spot enables the material to absorb a large amount of energy in a short period of time, thereby achieving rapid melting and vaporization, providing sufficient energy concentration for the cutting operation. During operation, if warping occurs during the cutting of the workpiece, the nozzle 10 will be impacted, and the anti-collision body 12 may swing along the inside of the mounting base 8 due to the force to reduce the impact on other components. The sensors of the mounting base 8 and the anti-collision body 12 transmit signals to the control system. When the fiber laser detects an abnormal signal from the sensor, it immediately stops the laser output.

[0059] When the confocal lens 4.5 needs to be replaced, perform the following operations: like Figure 5 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, first, turn the knob 13.6 to rotate the first transmission assembly 13.4, which in turn drives the worm of the second transmission assembly 13.7, thereby rotating the lead screw 13.3 and moving the movable frame 13.5 to the lowest position. Then, swing the lower end of the flap door 4.2 upward and open it along the pivot axis. Then, move the two kneading blocks 4.3.2 inward. The rear kneading block 4.3.2 has a "C"-shaped latch that engages with the cylindrical latch of the front kneading block 4.3.2. As the kneading blocks 4.3.2 move inward, they drive the right end of the clamping plate 4.3.3 inward, causing the limiting post on the right end of the clamping plate 4.3.3 to locate within the limiting groove of the second placement ring 4.6.2. The lens fixing assembly 4.6 is thereby clamped by the clamping assembly 4.3.

[0060] Push the push plate 4.7 to the right, pushing the right curved section of the lock catch 13.9 to the right, causing the left end of the lock catch 13.9 to swing outward along its own axis, thereby unlocking the second stopper 4.6.3 and separating the lens fixing assembly 4.6 from the focus adjustment mechanism 13. Then, slide the clamping assembly 4.3 and the lens fixing assembly 4.6 to the left and out of the confocal module housing 4.1, and close the flap door 4.2.

[0061] like Figure 10 As shown, after the lens fixing assembly 4.6 is removed, the two second limit blocks 4.6.3 are pressed to move the elastic sheet inward. The inner blocks of the two elastic sheets engage the bottom surface of the confocal lens 4.5, and at the same time, the outer blocks of the elastic sheet are released from the second placement ring 4.6.2. The confocal lens 4.5 can be taken out by lifting the second fixing ring 4.6.1 upwards. After the confocal lens 4.5 is taken out, clean or replace it with a new one as appropriate. Place the cleaned or new confocal lens 4.5 in the second placement ring 4.6.2 and engage it with the second placement ring 4.6.2 to secure the confocal lens 4.5. Open the flap door 4.2 and slide the clamping assembly 4.3 and the lens fixing assembly 4.6 to the right through the second limit block 4.6.3 along the slide formed by the second guide plate 4.4 and the push plate 4.7 into the slide groove in the movable frame 13.5. The left ends of the two locking catches 13.9 are influenced by the elastic force of the support spring 13.8, locking the second stopper 4.6.3 inward, thereby assembling the lens fixing assembly 4.6 with the movable frame 13.5. When the flap door 4.2 is closed, the semi-cylindrical protrusion on the upper half of the right side wall of the flap door 4.2 presses between the two kneading blocks 4.3.2, separating the two kneading blocks 4.3.2 and releasing the clamping plate 4.3.3 from the second placement ring 4.6.2, thereby separating the clamping assembly 4.3 from the lens fixing assembly 4.6.

[0062] To replace the light homogenizing lens 3.9, perform the following steps: like Figure 4 As shown, unscrew the bolts on the connecting plates on both sides of mounting block 3.6 and pull mounting block 3.6 forward. The tension of tension spring 3.11 causes restraining ring 3.7 to move forward, and first guide plate 3.12 supports restraining ring 3.7. Because first placement ring 3.10 is always under tension with mounting block 3.6 through the cooperation of connecting spring 3.15 and adjustment block 3.13, pulling out mounting block 3.6 removes first placement ring 3.10, first fixing ring 3.8, light-dispersing lens 3.9, and first stopper 3.16. Pressing the two first stoppers 3.16 moves the elastic plates inward. The inner blocks of the two elastic plates engage the bottom surface of light-dispersing lens 3.9, simultaneously releasing the outer blocks of the elastic plate from the first placement ring 3.10. Lifting first placement ring 3.10 upward allows light-dispersing lens 3.9 to be removed for cleaning or replacement. The mounting block 3.6 is mounted back on the first limiting block 3.16 and moved backward along the inner sliding grooves of the two first guide plates 3.12. The first placing ring 3.10 pushes the limiting ring 3.7 to a stressed state.

[0063] When replacing the first protective lens 7.7, perform the following operations: like Figure 6 As shown, pry open the eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3. The eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3 swings rightward along the limit slot 7.4 via the connecting rod 7.5, disengaging the rectangular slot on the right side of the cover plate 7.2. The cover plate 7.2 pivots along its left side, and the connecting handle 7.10 is pulled to remove the third fixing ring 7.8, the first protective lens 7.7, and the third placement ring 7.6. Press the elastic plates on the left and right sides of the third fixing ring 7.8 inward. The inner blocks of the two elastic plates engage the bottom surface of the first protective lens 7.7, simultaneously releasing the outer blocks of the elastic plates from the third placement ring 7.6. Lift the third fixing ring 7.8 upward and remove the first protective lens 7.7 for cleaning or replacement. After replacement, close the cover plate 7.2 and swing the eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3 rightward along the limit slot 7.4 via the connecting rod 7.5, into the rectangular notch on the right side of the cover plate 7.2. Press the eccentric cam clamping lever 7.3 to lock the cover 7.2.

[0064] The above solution has the following effects: The confocal module 4 and the focus adjustment mechanism 13 utilize components such as a lock 13.9, a support spring 13.8, and a second stopper 4.6.3 to achieve stable locking and unlocking of the lens fixing assembly 4.6 and the focus adjustment mechanism 13. This ensures that during the replacement of the confocal lens 4.5, the lens fixing assembly 4.6 can be quickly and reliably separated and reassembled from the focus adjustment mechanism 13, thereby improving operational reliability and safety. The separate design of the lens fixing assembly 4.6 and the focus adjustment mechanism 13 reduces unnecessary disassembly and assembly, reduces wear and stress on the components of the focus adjustment mechanism 13, and prevents the complex internal structure of the focus adjustment mechanism 13 from being exposed to the external environment, effectively preventing the adhesion of impurities such as dust, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the device and the enduring stability of its optical performance.

[0065] By unscrewing the bolts on the connecting plates on either side of the mounting block 3.6, the dodging module 3 can be quickly pulled forward, removing the first placement ring 3.10, first fixing ring 3.8, dodging lens 3.9, and first stopper 3.16. This eliminates the need to disassemble components such as the mounting frame 3.2, tension spring 3.11, and first guide plate 3.12, simplifying replacement and improving maintenance efficiency. This also prevents the dodging module 3 and other components from being exposed to the external environment, effectively preventing the adhesion of dust and other impurities.

[0066] The lower protection module 7 can quickly unlock and open the cover 7.2 by prying open the eccentric cam clamping rod 7.3, and replace the first protective lens 7.7. No tools are required and the operation can be completed with one hand, thereby improving the efficiency of replacing the first protective lens 7.7.

[0067] Blocks on both sides of the elastic sheet are used between the third fixing ring 7.8 and the first placement ring 3.10, the second fixing ring 4.6.1 and the second placement ring 4.6.2, the fourth fixing ring 14.3 and the fourth placement ring 14.2, and the third fixing ring 7.8 and the third placement ring 7.6 to achieve switching between the lenses and the placement rings. This design ensures a stable connection between the uniform light lens 3.9, the confocal lens 4.5, the second protective lens 14.1 and the first protective lens 7.7 and the corresponding fixing rings and placement rings, while also providing the convenience of quick replacement.

[0068] When a workpiece warps during cutting, causing the nozzle 10 to be impacted, the anti-collision body 12 swings along the inside of the mounting base 8, effectively cushioning and absorbing the impact, significantly reducing the impact on other precision components and protecting the equipment from damage. A contact point is established between the mounting base 8 and the anti-collision body 12. When subjected to external force, the contact breaks, instantly halting the fiber laser output and stopping the cutting operation, protecting the equipment and the operator.

Claims

1. A highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device, comprising an optical fiber connector (1) for transmitting laser light downward, wherein the bottom of the optical fiber connector (1) is sequentially connected with an upper protective shell (2) for the laser light to pass through, a light-homogenizing module (3), a confocal module (4), a middle protective shell (6), a lower protective module (7), an anti-collision body (12) and a nozzle (10) from top to bottom, and a protective lens assembly (14) for protection is installed in the upper protective shell (2) and the middle protective shell (6), and the protective lens assembly (14) includes a plurality of protective lenses respectively installed in the upper protective shell ( 2) and a second protective lens (14.1) in the middle protective housing (6), the light homogenizing module (3) includes a light homogenizing module housing (3.1) and a light homogenizing lens (3.9) installed in the light homogenizing module housing (3.1), the confocal module (4) includes a confocal module housing (4.1) and a confocal lens (4.5) installed in the confocal module housing (4.1) and capable of moving up and down, and the lower protective module (7) includes a lower protective module housing (7.1) and a first protective lens (7.7) installed in the lower protective module housing (7.1), characterized in that: The light homogenizing module housing (3.1) is a "U"-shaped structure with an opening facing forward in cross section, and a mounting block (3.6) is detachably mounted at the opening at the front end thereof. The light homogenizing lens (3.9) is located in the light homogenizing module housing (3.1) at the rear side of the mounting block (3.6). A light homogenizing lens mounting ring is provided along the circumference of the outer wall of the light homogenizing lens (3.9). The light homogenizing lens mounting ring and the mounting block (3.6) are connected by a connecting spring (3.15). Adjustment blocks (3.13) are provided on both sides of the connecting spring (3.15). One end of the adjustment block (3.13) is hinged to the mounting block (3.6), and the other end can swing left and right and press against the light homogenizing lens mounting ring from both sides. The mounting block (3.6) is provided with a spring that can make the adjustment block (3.13) .13) a swing adjustment component that swings left and right, a limiting ring (3.7) with a semicircular structure is provided along the circumference of the rear side of the light homogenizing lens mounting ring, a tension spring (3.11) is sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting ring (3.7), and the two ends of the tension spring (3.11) respectively pass through the two ends of the limiting ring (3.7) forward and are connected to an adjustment component (3.3) that drives it to move forward and backward, and the adjustment component (3.3) is installed on the light homogenizing module housing (3.1), and first guide plates (3.12) are respectively fixed in the light homogenizing module housing (3.1) on the front side of the left and right ends of the corresponding limiting ring (3.7) for limiting the limiting ring (3.7) in the light homogenizing module housing (3.1) behind the first guide plate (3.12).

2. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lens fixing assembly (4.6) is provided on the outer wall of the confocal lens (4.5), the lens fixing assembly (4.6) comprises a confocal lens mounting ring sleeved on the outer side of the confocal lens (4.5), second limit blocks (4.6.3) are fixed on both the front and rear side walls of the confocal lens mounting ring, a focus adjustment mechanism (13) is provided in the confocal module housing (4.1) on the right side of the confocal lens mounting ring, the focus adjustment mechanism (13) comprises a movable frame (13.5) with an arc-shaped structure on the left side, The inner walls of the front and rear ends of the movable frame (13.5) are provided with a slide groove that is in left-right sliding cooperation with the second limit block (4.6.3); the right end of the movable frame (13.5) is provided with a guide column (13.2) that is in up-down sliding cooperation with the guide column (13.2); a screw rod (13.3) that is in threaded cooperation with the movable frame (13.5) is vertically provided on the movable frame (13.5) on one side of the guide column (13.2); and a driving assembly that drives the screw rod (13.3) to rotate is provided on the right side wall of the confocal module housing (4.1); A flap door (4.2) is provided on the left side wall of the confocal module housing (4.1), and a clamping assembly (4.3) is provided in the confocal module housing (4.1) on the right side of the flap door (4.2). The clamping assembly (4.3) and the confocal lens mounting ring are in an up-and-down sliding engagement. When the light-homogenizing lens (3.9) needs to be removed, the clamping assembly (4.3) clamps the confocal lens mounting ring.

3. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (4.3) includes a clamping plate (4.3.3) in a scissor-type structure and located below the uniform light lens (3.9); a limiting column is vertically fixed to the right end of the clamping plate (4.3.3); a limiting groove is provided on the left side wall of the confocal lens mounting ring corresponding to the limiting column; when the right end of the clamping plate (4.3.3) is clamped inward, the limiting column is located in the limiting groove; the left end of the clamping plate (4.3.3) is respectively connected to kneading blocks (4.3.2) distributed in front and back; buckles for engaging the two kneading blocks (4.3.2) after kneading are installed on opposite sides of the two kneading blocks (4.3.2); a limiting protrusion is fixed on the right side wall of the flap door (4.2); when the flap door (4.2) is closed, the limiting protrusion is located between the two kneading blocks (4.3.2), and the two kneading blocks (4.3.2) are separated; The left end of the mobile frame (13.5) is connected to a transverse support spring (13.8), the right end of the support spring (13.8) is connected to the mobile frame (13.5), and the left end is connected to a lock (13.9), the right end of the lock (13.9) is bent upward and connected to the support spring (13.8), the right end of the lock (13.9) below the support spring (13.8) is hinged to the mobile frame (13.5), when the support spring (13.8) is in a free state, the left end of the lock (13.9) hooks the second limit block (4.6.3) inwardly, and the bent section of the corresponding lock (13.9) is laterally provided with a push plate (4.7) that can move left and right in the confocal module housing (4.1) on its left side. The push plate (4.7) moves to the right, and its right end compresses the support spring (13.8), and the left end of the lock (13.9) is separated from the second limit block (4.6.3).

4. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The confocal lens mounting ring comprises a second placement ring (4.6.2) with an inner bottom provided with a flange inward, a second fixing ring (4.6.1) with an inner top provided with a flange inward is placed in the second placement ring (4.6.2), the confocal lens (4.5) is located in the second fixing ring (4.6.1), a second limit block (4.6.3) is fixed on the front and rear outer walls of the second fixing ring (4.6.1), a notch is provided on the second fixing ring (4.6.1) corresponding to the second limit block (4.6.3), an elastic sheet is provided on the second fixing ring (4.6.1) corresponding to the second limit block (4.6.3), the second limit block (4.6.3) is fixed on the elastic sheet, the upper end of the elastic sheet is fixed to the second fixing ring (4.6.1), and the lower end can swing along the inner and outer sides of the second fixing ring (4.6.1), and a clamping block is fixed on the inner and outer side walls of the bottom of the elastic sheet; When the elastic sheet is in a free state, the outer clamping block clamps the second placement ring (4.6.2) outwardly, and the inner clamping block is separated from the confocal lens (4.5); when the lower end of the elastic sheet swings inwardly, the outer clamping block is separated from the second placement ring (4.6.2), and the inner clamping block clamps the confocal lens (4.5) inwardly.

5. The highly variable confocal and uniform light micro-optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A third fixing ring (7.8) for placing the first protective lens (7.7) is provided in the lower protection module housing (7.1); a third placement ring (7.6) is clamped to the outer side of the third fixing ring (7.8); a connecting handle (7.10) is fixed to the front side wall of the third placement ring (7.6); a cover plate (7.2) for opening and closing is hinged to the lower protection module housing (7.1) in front of the connecting handle (7.10); the left end of the cover plate (7.2) is hinged to the lower protection module housing (7.1), and the right end can swing back and forth, and is locked to the lower protection module housing (7.1) via an eccentric cam clamping rod (7.3).

6. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A mounting seat (8) is provided between the anti-collision body (12) and the lower protection module shell (7.1), and the mounting seat (8) is fixed to the bottom of the lower protection module shell (7.1). The upper end of the anti-collision body (12) is located in the mounting seat (8), and the outer side surface of the upper end of the anti-collision body (12) and the inner side surface of the mounting seat (8) are both arc-shaped structures. The lower end of the mounting seat (8) is processed with an external thread, and a locking ring (11) is provided on the anti-collision body (12) and is threadedly matched with the lower end of the mounting seat (8). A plurality of ball screws (9) are threadedly fitted on the mounting seat (8), and grooves are provided on the anti-collision body (12) corresponding to the ball screws (9). The screw rod of the ball screw (9) passes through the mounting seat (8) and fits into the groove.

7. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing adjustment assembly includes an adjustment screw (3.14) distributed in a front-to-back direction and threadedly engaged with the mounting block (3.6); the screw of the adjustment screw (3.14) passes through the mounting block (3.6) and is connected to a support block; the rear side surface of the support block is an arc surface; a cylinder is vertically fixed to the rear end of the adjustment block (3.13) corresponding to the support block; the cylinder is located in a groove on the rear side surface of the support block; the head of the adjustment screw (3.14) is sleeved with an adjustment end cap (3.5); the rear end of the adjustment end cap (3.5) is rotatably connected to the mounting block (3.6); the front end of the adjustment end cap (3.5) is located on the front side of the mounting block (3.6); the adjustment end cap (3.5) is rotated to drive the adjustment screw (3.14) to rotate, and the head of the adjustment screw (3.14) moves forward and backward along the adjustment end cap (3.5).

8. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a knob (13.6) located on the right side of the confocal module housing (4.1), and the knob (13.6) is connected to the lower end of the screw rod (13.3) via a transmission assembly.

9. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (3.3) comprises an adjustment bolt, the head of which is located on the front side of the light homogenization module housing (3.1), the screw of which independently passes through the light homogenization module housing (3.1) and is threadedly fitted with a slider that can only move in the front-rear direction, the slider being respectively connected to both ends of the tension spring (3.11).

10. The highly variable confocal and light-homogenizing micro-optical device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a first transmission assembly (13.4) connected to the knob (13.6), the first transmission assembly (13.4) includes a large gear that can rotate around its own axis, the large gear extends out of the confocal module housing (4.1) through a rotating shaft and is connected to the knob (13.6), the large gear is meshed with a small gear, and the small gear is connected to the second transmission assembly (13.7), the second transmission assembly (13.7) includes a worm connected to the small gear, and the worm is meshed with a turbine connected to the lead screw (13.3).

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