Display panel, touch detection method and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a display panel, a touch detection method and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of display devices. The display panel comprises a display area and a non-display area. The display area comprises a color filter, and the color filter comprises a substrate, a color resistance layer and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resistance layer; the non-display area comprises a pulse light source and a processing module; the touch sensing layer comprises an echo wall mode microcavity array and a waveguide network arranged corresponding to the echo wall mode microcavity array; the waveguide network is connected with the pulse light source and the processing module, and is used for inputting an optical signal emitted by the pulse light source into the echo wall mode microcavity array and transmitting a coupling signal output by the echo wall mode microcavity array to the processing module; the processing module is used for converting the coupling signal into an electric signal and determining a touch position and / or touch force based on the electric signal. Therefore, touch detection can be performed more sensitively through the echo wall mode microcavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of display devices, and in particular to a display panel, a touch detection method, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, in the field of three-dimensional touch detection, it is often achieved through capacitive / resistive strain detection, optical / infrared positioning, and ultrasonic sensing. However, it is difficult to detect tiny pressure and non-contact floating touch (distance detection), and has the defects of low detection accuracy and sensitivity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide a display panel, a touch detection method, and an electronic device to solve the technical problem of poor touch detection effect.

[0004] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a display panel is provided, comprising a display area and a non-display area; the display area comprises a color filter, wherein the color filter comprises: a substrate, a color resist layer, and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resist layer; the non-display area comprises: a pulsed light source and a processing module; the touch sensing layer comprises: a whispering gallery mode microcavity array and a waveguide network arranged corresponding to the whispering gallery mode microcavity array; the waveguide network is connected to the pulsed light source and the processing module, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source into the whispering gallery mode microcavity array, and transmit the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array to the processing module; the processing module is used to convert the coupled signal into an electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal.

[0005] In one possible embodiment, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities, and the whispering gallery mode microcavities in adjacent columns are staggered; the waveguide network includes multiple waveguide structures, and each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities corresponds to one waveguide structure; the positions of the whispering gallery mode microcavities and the waveguide structures are aligned with the gaps between the color resists in the color resist layer.

[0006] In a possible implementation, each of the waveguide structures is connected to one of the pulse light sources via a tapered optical fiber, and the pulse light sources corresponding to different columns of waveguide structures have different light source wavelengths.

[0007] In one possible embodiment, the processing module includes: multiple photoelectric converters, transimpedance amplifiers, programmable gain amplifiers, multiplexers, analog-to-digital converters, and a touch chip; wherein each photoelectric converter is connected to a waveguide structure through a tapered optical fiber; each photoelectric converter is connected to a group of the transimpedance amplifiers and the programmable gain amplifiers, and is used to convert the coupled signal into a current signal and output it to the transimpedance amplifier; the transimpedance amplifier is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal and adjust the gain of the voltage signal through the programmable gain amplifier; multiple channels of the multiplexer are respectively connected to multiple programmable gain amplifiers, and the conduction windows of the channels are consistent with the pulse opening windows of the pulse light sources connected to the corresponding waveguide structures; the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the multiplexer, and is used to convert the voltage signal output by the conductive channel into a digital signal and transmit it to the touch chip; the touch chip is used to determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the digital signal.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, the non-display area further includes: a thermoelectric cooler and a copper block heat sink; the cold end of the thermoelectric cooler is bonded to the metal layer of the substrate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to the copper block heat sink; the thermoelectric cooler is used to adjust the temperature of the substrate through the copper block heat sink.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the touch sensing layer further includes: a substrate, on which the whispering gallery mode microcavity array and the waveguide network are arranged; the substrate is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is lower than the refractive index of the whispering gallery mode microcavities in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array.

[0010] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a touch detection method is provided, which is applied to the display panel described in any one of the first aspects above, and the method includes: obtaining a coupling signal output by a whispering gallery mode microcavity array through a waveguide network; converting the coupling signal into an electrical signal; determining change data of a light signal emitted by the pulsed light source in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array based on the electrical signal; and determining a touch position and / or touch force based on the change data.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data includes: determining the degree of continuity of the change based on the change data; determining whether to switch the pulse light source from the first mode to the second mode based on the degree of continuity; the duty cycle of the pulse in the second mode is higher than that in the first mode; in response to switching the pulse light source from the first mode to the second mode, determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array in the second mode.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities, each column of the whispering gallery mode microcavities corresponds to one of the electrical signals; the change data includes: change speed, light intensity change, and wavelength offset; determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data includes: determining the touch position based on the change speed corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array; determining the touch force based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising the display panel described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0014] An embodiment of the present application proposes a display panel, a touch detection method and an electronic device, wherein the display panel includes a display area and a non-display area; the display area includes a color filter, and the color filter includes: a substrate, a color resist layer and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resist layer; the non-display area includes: a pulsed light source and a processing module; the touch sensing layer includes: a whispering gallery mode microcavity array and a waveguide network arranged corresponding to the whispering gallery mode microcavity array; the waveguide network is connected to the pulsed light source and the processing module, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source into the whispering gallery mode microcavity array, and transmit the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array to the processing module; the processing module is used to convert the coupled signal into an electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal. In this way, a whispering gallery mode microcavity is integrated into the display area. After the optical signal transmitted through the waveguide network is coupled into the whispering gallery mode microcavity, changes in the deformation or resonant conditions of the whispering gallery mode microcavity under touch pressure are detected. The processing module then converts the coupled signal into an electrical signal, accurately detecting parameters such as touch position and force. The high sensitivity of the microcavity facilitates improved sensitivity and accuracy in 3D touch detection scenarios. Furthermore, combined with the whispering gallery mode microcavity's high sensitivity to environmental factors, not only does it improve panel touch sensitivity, but it also accurately detects touches at very small distances from the panel, further enhancing detection sensitivity in hovering touch scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1is a structural diagram of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a whispering gallery mode microcavity and waveguide structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of a waveguide structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processing module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 1 is a schematic flow chart of a process for preparing a whispering gallery mode microcavity provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a touch detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Description of Reference Numerals

[0024] 1. Color filter; 2. Pulsed light source; 3. Processing module; 4. Tapered optical fiber; 11. Substrate; 12. Color resist layer; 13. Touch sensing layer; 31. Photoelectric converter; 32. Transimpedance amplifier; 33. Programmable gain amplifier; 34. Multiplexer; 35. Analog-to-digital converter; 36. Touch chip; 131. Whispering gallery mode microcavity array; 132. Waveguide network; 1311. Whispering gallery mode microcavity; 1321. Waveguide structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0027] In this embodiment, a display panel is provided. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the display panel includes a display area and a non-display area; the display area includes a color filter 1, and the color filter 1 includes: a substrate 11, a color resist layer 12, and a touch sensing layer 13 located between the substrate 11 and the color resist layer 12; the non-display area includes: a pulse light source 2 and a processing module 3;

[0028] The touch sensing layer 13 includes: a whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 and a waveguide network 132 corresponding to the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131; the waveguide network 132 is connected to the pulse light source 2 and the processing module 3, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 into the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131, and transmit the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 to the processing module 3;

[0029] The processing module 3 is configured to convert the coupled signal into an electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal.

[0030] Among related technologies, traditional capacitive / resistive touch technology relies on changes in charge or resistance, making it difficult to detect tiny pressures (e.g. <1N) and non-contact floating touch (distance detection). Existing three-dimensional touch solutions make it difficult to achieve complex application scenarios with precise pressure feedback. Optical sensors are mostly used as standalone sensors. Their rigid structure is difficult to adapt to planar display substrates, and they have poor display compatibility and low optical coupling efficiency. When integrated into a display substrate, they easily block pixels, resulting in reduced transmittance (<85%), color distortion, or uneven brightness. Optical sensors lack environmental stability and are easily affected by temperature and humidity, affecting detection accuracy.

[0031] In one embodiment, the display area may include: a color filter 1 (CF), also known as a color filter substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and an array substrate. The color filter 1 may include: a substrate 11, a color resist layer 12, and a touch sensing layer 13 located between the substrate 11 and the color resist layer 12. Substrate 11 may be a glass substrate. The non-display area may include a border area. The liquid crystal layer is located below the color filter 1, and the array substrate is located below the liquid crystal layer.

[0032] In one embodiment, the pulse light source 2 may be a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) pulse light source 2, and the light signal emitted by the pulse light source may be in a non-visible light band (eg, a wavelength of 1550 nm) to reduce interference with the display effect.

[0033] In one embodiment, the color filter 1 may further include a protective layer below the color resist layer 12. Here, the protective layer may be an over coat (OC) protective layer.

[0034] In one embodiment, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity array 131 includes at least one row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311. Whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 are highly sensitive, and light circulating within the cavity can form standing waves. Touch operations can cause physical parameters of the microcavity surface or surrounding medium to change, such as mechanical deformation and / or refractive index changes, thereby altering the microcavity's resonance conditions. This can result in at least one of resonant wave shift, mode splitting, and intensity changes, leading to changes between the coupled signal output from the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the input optical signal.

[0035] In one embodiment, the waveguide network 132 can be connected to the pulse light source 2 and the processing module 3 respectively through the tapered optical fiber 4. For example, the waveguide network 132 can include at least one row of waveguide structures 1321, and the two ends of each row of waveguide structures 1321 are connected to the pulse light source 2 and the processing module 3 respectively through the tapered optical fiber 4. Here, being connected to the processing module 3 can refer to being connected to the photoelectric converter 31 in the processing module 3.

[0036] In one embodiment, the substrate of the waveguide network 132 may be silicon nitride Si3N4, which has low loss, strong nonlinearity, dispersion tunability, and process compatibility. The processing module 3 may include an optoelectronic converter 31 for converting the coupled signal into an electrical signal.

[0037] In one embodiment, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 may include multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311. Each column may include multiple whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311. The whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns may be staggered. For example, in a first and second adjacent columns, a whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 in the second column may be aligned with the midpoint of the gap between two adjacent whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the first column.

[0038] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal, which may mean that the processing module 3 determines the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 based on the electrical signal; and determines the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data.

[0039] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data, which may include: the processing module 3 determines the continuity of the change based on the change data; determines whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode based on the continuity; the duty cycle of the pulse in the second mode is higher than that in the first mode; in response to switching the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode, the touch position and / or touch force is determined based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 in the second mode.

[0040] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 based on the electrical signal, which may include: determining the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 in the column corresponding to the electrical signal based on the timing of the electrical signal; the change data includes: change speed and wavelength offset.

[0041] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data, which may include: determining the touch position based on the change speed corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131; determining the touch force based on the wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0042] In one embodiment, in response to a touch operation applied to a position corresponding to the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 on the display panel, or in response to a touch operation applied within a predetermined distance range above a position corresponding to the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 on the display panel, the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 changes in the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311, and the output coupled signal is different from the input light signal.

[0043] Here, a touch operation within a predetermined distance range above the corresponding position of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 on the display panel is referred to as the aforementioned hovering touch. The predetermined distance range can be 0-5 mm, for example. The change can refer to a change in at least one of the parameters of timing, wavelength, and light intensity.

[0044] In one embodiment, the touch sensing layer 13 further includes: a substrate, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 and the waveguide network 132 are arranged on the substrate; the substrate can be made of a transparent material, for example, a transparent material is a perfluoroolefin vinyl ether polymer with a refractive index of 1.33. wait.

[0045] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 is used to determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal, which may include: the processing module 3 is used to determine whether a touch operation occurs based on the electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal when it is determined that a touch operation occurs.

[0046] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 may also be configured to respond to a touch operation based on the touch position and / or touch force, or send the touch position and / or touch force to a module configured to respond to a touch operation.

[0047] In this way, integrating a whispering gallery mode microcavity in the display area can isolate interference from the external environment. After the optical signal transmitted through the waveguide network is coupled in the whispering gallery mode microcavity, it can change based on the deformation or change in the resonance condition of the whispering gallery mode microcavity under touch pressure. Then, the processing module can accurately detect parameters such as touch position and force based on the change in the electrical signal converted by the coupled signal. The high sensitivity of the microcavity is conducive to improving sensitivity and accuracy in three-dimensional touch detection scenarios. On this basis, combined with the high sensitivity of the whispering gallery mode microcavity to changes in environmental factors, not only the sensitivity of panel touch is improved, but also the touch action can be accurately detected when there is a small distance between the panel, thereby further improving the detection sensitivity of floating touch scenarios.

[0048] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 includes multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 , and the waveguide network 132 includes multiple waveguide structures 1321 , and each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 corresponds to one waveguide structure 1321 ;

[0049] The positions of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321 are aligned with the gaps between the color resists in the color resist layer 12 .

[0050] In one embodiment, each row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 corresponds to a waveguide structure 1321, and different rows of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 correspond to different waveguide structures 1321. Furthermore, a row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and a waveguide structure 1321 are co-located at a position corresponding to the gap between two adjacent rows of color resist. For example, the number of rows of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and the number of waveguide structures 1321 are both equal to the number of color resist rows in the color resist layer 12. That is, each row of color resist can correspond to a row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and a waveguide structure 1321.

[0051] In one embodiment, aligning with the gaps between the color resists in the color resist layer 12 may refer to aligning with the black matrix between the color resists in the color resist layer 12. For example, a row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and a waveguide structure 1321 are both disposed at a position corresponding to the black matrix between two adjacent rows of color resists.

[0052] In some embodiments, adjacent rows of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 are staggered.

[0053] For example, Figure 2 In the structure shown, the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns are staggered, which may mean that in the adjacent first and second columns, the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the second column are aligned with the midpoint of the gap between the two adjacent whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the first column.

[0054] In one embodiment, the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns are staggered, and the distribution of the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in odd-numbered columns is the same, as is the distribution of the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in even-numbered columns. For example, the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the first column are staggered with the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the second column, and the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the second column are staggered with the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the third column, and the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the first column and the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the third column are distributed in the same manner.

[0055] In one embodiment, the number of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns is different. For example, the difference in the number of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns of staggered arrangement is 1. In this way, optical signal crosstalk caused by excessive microcavity density can be avoided by staggering adjacent columns.

[0056] In one embodiment, the spacing between a row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and a corresponding waveguide structure 1321 may be smaller than a predetermined value. For example, the predetermined value may be determined based on the overlapping range of the evanescent field between the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321 .

[0057] In this way, the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and waveguide structures 1321 are arranged in columns, precisely aligning with the positions of the underlying color-resistance gaps, such as the black matrix (BM). Compared to related art techniques where sensors easily block the color-resistance area, this prevents the touch sensing layer 13 from blocking light transmission and affecting the normal luminous display effect of the color-resistance area. Furthermore, each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 can be controlled and transmitted via an independent waveguide, facilitating rapid and precise location of the column where a shifting whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 resides.

[0058] In some embodiments, each of the waveguide structures 1321 is connected to one of the pulse light sources 2 via a tapered optical fiber 4 , and the pulse light sources 2 corresponding to different columns of waveguide structures 1321 have different light source wavelengths.

[0059] In one embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the first end of each waveguide structure 1321 is connected to a pulse light source 2 via a tapered optical fiber 4, and the second end of each waveguide structure 1321 is connected to a photoelectric converter 31 in the processing module 3 via the tapered optical fiber 4. The mode field diameter of the waveguide structure 1321 is reduced in the waist region of the tapered optical fiber 4, and the evanescent field intensity index is enhanced, overlapping with the surface evanescent field of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 to achieve efficient light energy transmission.

[0060] Here, the tapered optical fiber 4 may refer to a first end whose width or diameter is consistent with the width or diameter of the waveguide structure 1321 , a second end whose width or diameter is greater than the width or diameter of the first end, and the first end of the tapered optical fiber 4 is connected to the waveguide structure 1321 .

[0061] In one embodiment, the first end of the tapered optical fiber 4 is aligned with a whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 at one end of a row of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 , so that the mode field in the tapered waist region overlaps with the evanescent field on the surface of the whispering gallery mode microcavity, thereby improving light transmission efficiency.

[0062] In one embodiment, the pulse width of the pulse light source 2 can be less than or equal to a predetermined width, such as 1 ns. The pulse light sources 2 connected to different waveguide structures 1321 have different light source wavelengths. For example, each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 is assigned an independent light source wavelength. For example, wavelengths are assigned to multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 at intervals of 0.8 nm in the 1550 nm wavelength band, thereby enabling differentiated identification of optical signals from different columns of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0063] In one embodiment, if processing module 3 does not detect a touch operation, pulse light source 2 operates in a low-power first mode, where the duty cycle of the first mode is lower than a predetermined threshold, such as 1%. If processing module 3 detects a changed coupling signal and the continuity of the change meets a predetermined condition, pulse light source 2 switches to a second mode, where pulses are continuously emitted and the duty cycle is greater than that of the first mode.

[0064] In one embodiment, when the coupled signal is converted into an electrical signal, the amplitude of the electrical signal is related to the optical intensity and resonant wavelength offset of the coupled signal, and the timing characteristics of the electrical signal are also related to the delay of the coupled signal. The wavelength of the optical signal emitted by pulsed light source 2 is related to the amplitude of the electrical signal. Different wavelengths of the optical signal result in different amplitudes of the converted electrical signal.

[0065] In this way, by assigning independent pulse light sources 2 to different columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 and their waveguide structures 1321, and emitting light signals based on different wavelengths, differentiated identification of different columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 can be achieved after photoelectric conversion, thereby more quickly and accurately locating the column corresponding to the touch operation that causes the change in the light signal.

[0066] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, the processing module 3 may include: multiple photoelectric converters 31, a transimpedance amplifier 32, a programmable gain amplifier 33, a multiplexer 34, an analog-to-digital converter 35, and a touch chip 36; wherein each photoelectric converter 31 is connected to one of the waveguide structures 1321 through a tapered optical fiber 4;

[0067] Each of the photoelectric converters 31 is connected to a group of the transimpedance amplifier 32 and the programmable gain amplifier 33 , and is configured to convert the coupling signal into a current signal and output it to the transimpedance amplifier 32 ;

[0068] The transimpedance amplifier 32 is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and adjust the gain of the voltage signal through the programmable gain amplifier 33;

[0069] The multiple channels of the multiplexer 34 are respectively connected to the multiple programmable gain amplifiers 33 , and the conduction windows of the channels are consistent with the pulse opening windows of the pulse light sources 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structures 1321 ;

[0070] The analog-to-digital converter 35 is connected to the multiplexer 34 and is used to convert the voltage signal output by the conductive path into a digital signal and transmit it to the touch control chip 36;

[0071] The touch chip 36 is configured to determine a touch position and / or a touch force based on the digital signal.

[0072] In one embodiment, the photoelectric converter 31 can be a photodiode (PD). The first end of each photoelectric converter 31 is connected to a waveguide structure 1321 via a tapered optical fiber 4, and different photoelectric converters 31 are connected to different waveguide structures 1321. A trans-impedance amplifier 32 (TIA) can be connected to the second end of the photoelectric converter 31, and different photoelectric converters 31 are connected to different trans-impedance amplifiers 32. A programmable gain amplifier 33 (PGA) is connected to the photoelectric converter 31 via the trans-impedance amplifier 32.

[0073] In one embodiment, a set of transimpedance amplifiers 32 and programmable gain amplifiers 33 may be a transimpedance amplifier 32 and a programmable gain amplifier 33 connected in series. A photoelectric converter 31 in the processing module 3 is connected in series with the corresponding set of transimpedance amplifiers 32 and programmable gain amplifiers 33, and is also connected in series with the multiplexer 34, the analog-to-digital converter 35, and the touch control chip 36.

[0074] In one embodiment, the programmable gain amplifier 33 adjusts the gain of the voltage signal, which may include: the programmable gain amplifier 33 adjusts the gain of the voltage signal according to the signal strength. The voltage signal after gain is the amplified electrical signal.

[0075] In one embodiment, the multiplexer (MUX) 34 includes multiple channels, one of which is connected to the photoelectric converter 31 corresponding to a waveguide structure 1321 via a programmable gain amplifier 33. Different channels correspond to different waveguide structures 1321. A channel is turned on when the pulse light source 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structure 1321 is in the pulse-on window, and is turned off when the pulse light source 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structure 1321 is in the pulse-off window. When the channel is turned on, the amplified voltage signal output by the programmable gain amplifier 33 is transmitted as a sampled electrical signal to the analog-to-digital converter 35.

[0076] In one embodiment, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 35 quantizes the analog voltage signal into a digital value, i.e., converts it into a digital signal. The touch control chip 36 is used to locate the touch position (i.e., the XY coordinates of the touch position) and / or the touch force (i.e., the pressure value in the Z direction) through an algorithm.

[0077] In one embodiment, the display panel further includes a pulse light source drive circuit connected to the pulse light source 2. The touch control chip 36 also includes a touch event detection module (TED) and a dynamic drive controller (DDC). The TED is connected to the analog-to-digital converter 35, and the DDC is connected to the TED and the pulse light source drive circuit, respectively. The TED is configured to determine the continuity of the change based on the change data and transmit the determination result to the DDC. The DDC is configured to determine whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode based on the continuity, and control the pulse light source drive circuit to switch to the second mode if the switch is determined.

[0078] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 further includes a processing module connected between the analog-to-digital converter 35 and the touch control chip 36. The touch control chip 36 (Integrated Circuit, IC) can also be used to respond to touch operations. The analog-to-digital converter 35 sends the digital signal to the processing module, which can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or a digital signal processor (DSP), to determine the touch position, i.e., the touch coordinates, based on the digital signal.

[0079] In this way, the processing module 3 can independently amplify and identify the coupled signals output by different columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311, thereby avoiding confusion in signal processing between different columns. Furthermore, combined with the multiplexer 34 whose path conduction coincides with the pulse opening window, sampling can be performed only within the effective window of the optical pulse, thereby improving efficiency and reducing power consumption.

[0080] The change in ambient temperature may affect the optical signal transmission of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 , resulting in false touches or decreased touch accuracy.

[0081] Therefore, in some embodiments, the non-display area further includes: a thermoelectric cooler and a copper block heat sink; the cold end of the thermoelectric cooler is bonded to the metal layer of the substrate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to the copper block heat sink; the thermoelectric cooler is used to adjust the temperature of the substrate through the copper block heat sink.

[0082] Here, the closed-loop control accuracy range of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) can be ±0.1°C. The TEC can include a temperature control circuit, and the closed-loop control accuracy range is the accuracy range of the temperature control circuit. The substrate 11 can include a metal layer, and the metal layer can be located at the edge of the substrate 11. For example, the metal layer can be a copper thermal conductive layer.

[0083] In one embodiment, the cold end can be bonded to the metal layer of the substrate 11 by high thermal conductivity silicone grease. The bonding can be bonding. The hot end can be rigidly connected to the copper block heat sink by welding.

[0084] In one embodiment, the substrate 11 , the thermoelectric cooler, and the copper block heat sink may be a stacked structure, for example, the substrate 11 , the thermoelectric cooler, and the copper block heat sink may be in step-type contact with each other.

[0085] Illustratively, the cold end is located obliquely above the metal layer of the substrate 11, and the copper block heat sink is located obliquely above the hot end; or, the cold end is located obliquely below the metal layer of the substrate 11, and the copper block heat sink is located obliquely below the hot end, etc., thereby forming a stepped stacked structure.

[0086] In one embodiment, the TEC can be embedded in the non-display area along the four sides of the substrate. For example, the non-display area corresponding to each side of the display area can each contain a TEC. Each TEC is directly bonded to the copper heat-conducting layer at the edge of the substrate. A double-helix microchannel can be provided inside the copper block heat sink to improve the circulation efficiency of the liquid working medium (such as a water / ethanol mixture) through capillary action. The TEC can realize heat transfer between the hot end and the cold end through the carrier migration of the semiconductor PN junction. When the current passes through the TEC in the forward direction, the cold end absorbs heat to achieve cooling, and when the current is reversed, the hot end absorbs heat to achieve heating, thereby achieving two-way temperature control.

[0087] In one embodiment, a thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate 11 through the copper block heat sink, which may include: in a cooling mode, the cold end of the thermoelectric cooler absorbs the heat of the substrate through the metal layer of the substrate 11, and the hot end quickly dissipates the heat to the external environment through the microchannels and surface coating of the copper block heat sink.

[0088] In one embodiment, a thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate 11 via the copper heat sink. In heating mode, the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler absorbs heat from the external environment and heats the metal layer of the substrate 11 via the cold end. This can suppress the impact of temperature fluctuations on the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311.

[0089] In one embodiment, the TEC may also include a temperature sensor, such as eight high-precision PT1000 platinum resistance temperature sensors embedded along the edge of the substrate (arranged in a 3×3 grid around the edge). Upon detecting a touch signal, the temperature sensor collects temperature data at a predetermined interval, for example, every 0.01 seconds, covering critical areas along the substrate edge. The sensor signal is converted to a digital value using a 24-bit ADC with a resolution of 0.001°C.

[0090] The TEC controller compares the set temperature (T_set) with the actual temperature measured by the sensor (T_real), calculating the temperature difference ΔT = T_set - T_real. When the detected temperature in a certain area deviates from the set value (for example, exceeding ±0.5°C), the TEC triggers temperature regulation. Depending on the temperature signal, the TEC can be divided into cooling and heating modes. In cooling mode, the driver circuit outputs a forward current, causing the TEC's cold junction (contacting the substrate) to absorb heat and the hot junction (contacting the heat sink) to release heat. In heating mode, the driver circuit outputs a reverse current, causing the TEC's hot junction to become a heat sink and the cold junction to become a heat releaser, transferring heat to the substrate.

[0091] In one embodiment, a fuzzy adaptive PID controller dynamically adjusts temperature control parameters based on ΔT. For example, when the absolute value of the temperature difference, |ΔT|, exceeds 1°C, the proportional coefficient Kp is increased to accelerate the response. As the temperature approaches the target, the integral term Ki is enhanced to eliminate steady-state errors. If a temperature abnormality occurs in a specific area, multiple adjacent TECs can simultaneously cool the area, transferring the cooling energy to the target area through the heat sink's temperature-averaging properties.

[0092] Therefore, the synergistic effect of TEC temperature control and temperature-sensing algorithm compensation can further reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on the touch light signal of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131. Signal compensation is performed on the light signal of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311, improving the stability of 3D touch in different environments.

[0093] In this way, temperature control is used to ensure that the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 can achieve stable three-dimensional touch feedback within a wide range of ambient temperatures.

[0094] In some embodiments, the touch sensing layer 13 further includes: a substrate, on which the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 and the waveguide network 132 are disposed;

[0095] The substrate is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is lower than the refractive index of the whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 .

[0096] In one embodiment, the substrate can be used as a flat layer. For example, the transparent material of the substrate can be a transparent polymer with a low refractive index (such as perfluoroalkenyl vinyl ether polymer). The substrate can also be used to fill the gap between the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321.

[0097] Here, the transparent material may refer to a material having a light transmittance higher than a preset lower limit, for example, the preset lower limit may be 95%, etc., so as to avoid affecting the display effect.

[0098] In one embodiment, the bottom of the substrate is connected to the top of the color resist layer 12. The surface flatness of the substrate may be higher than a predetermined flatness range, for example, the surface roughness may be lower than a predetermined upper limit, such as 10 nm.

[0099] This provides a uniform substrate for the underlying color resist layer 12. The transparent material reduces the impact of the touch sensor layer 13 on the normal light-emitting display. Furthermore, the substrate's refractive index is lower than that of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311, enhancing the confinement and conduction of laser signals by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 and the waveguide network, optimizing light transmission.

[0100] In one embodiment, the manufacturing process of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 can be realized by a liquid crystal display (LCD) standardized process. The main process steps are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, including:

[0101] The glass substrate 11 is cleaned by removing surface contaminants by plasma cleaning, for example, using a mixed gas of oxygen O2 and argon Ar;

[0102] Substrate deposition: forming the base of the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD);

[0103] Whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 is formed by growing a SiO2 layer on a substrate using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and then using ultraviolet lithography (wavelength 365nm) and CF4 / CHF3 mixed gas reactive ion etching to form a whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0104] The waveguide network 132 is formed by depositing a Si3N4 thin film using PECVD (SiH4 / NH3 / Ar mixed gas), and then forming a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide structure 1321 using ultraviolet lithography (wavelength 365nm) and reactive ion etching using a CF4 / CHF3 / O2 mixed gas.

[0105] Planar layer, spin coating The solution forms a touch-sensitive flat layer after solidification.

[0106] The present application provides a touch detection method, which is applied to the display panel described in any one or more of the above embodiments. Figure 6 As shown, the method includes:

[0107] S10: Acquire the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array through the waveguide network;

[0108] S20: converting the coupled signal into an electrical signal;

[0109] S30: determining change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array based on the electrical signal;

[0110] S40: Determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data.

[0111] Here, the above method can be applied to the processing module 3 , steps S10 - S20 can be executed in the photoelectric converter 31 , and steps S30 - S40 can be executed in the touch control chip 36 .

[0112] In one embodiment, after step S20 and before step S30, the method may further include:

[0113] The current signal is converted into a voltage signal by the transimpedance amplifier 32, and the gain of the voltage signal is adjusted by the programmable gain amplifier 33;

[0114] The multiplexer 34 outputs the amplified voltage signal output by the conductive path to the analog-to-digital converter 35, and the analog-to-digital converter 35 converts the voltage signal output by the path into a digital signal and transmits it to the touch control chip 36; the multiple paths of the multiplexer 34 are respectively connected to the multiple programmable gain amplifiers 33, and the conduction windows of the paths are consistent with the pulse opening windows of the pulse light sources 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structures 1321;

[0115] Step S30 may include: determining change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 based on the digital signal.

[0116] Here, determining the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 may include: determining whether the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 changes in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131; and in response to determining that the change occurs, determining the change data of the light signal in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0117] The change data may refer to the change data between the coupling signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 and the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2. For example, the change data may include at least one of a change speed, a change in light intensity, and a wavelength shift.

[0118] In one embodiment, determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data may include: determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the change data, and in response to the touch operation occurring, determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data. Here, the touch operation may refer to a touch operation other than an accidental touch, such as a hovering touch operation.

[0119] In one embodiment, determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the change data may include: determining a degree of continuity of the change based on the change data; and determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the degree of continuity. For example, determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the degree of continuity may include: determining whether the degree of continuity meets a predetermined condition; if so, determining that a touch operation has occurred.

[0120] In one embodiment, after step S40, the method may further include: responding to a touch operation based on the touch position and / or the touch force. Responding to a touch operation may include: providing feedback based on the touch operation.

[0121] In this way, based on the changes between the coupling signal transmitted by the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the optical signal input to the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311, it is possible to accurately determine whether a touch operation has caused a change in the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311, resulting in a change in the optical signal. Then, combined with the change data, the position and force of the touch can be accurately detected, thereby realizing three-dimensional touch detection.

[0122] In some embodiments, step S40 may include:

[0123] determining a degree of continuity of the change based on the change data;

[0124] Determining whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode based on the continuity degree; wherein the duty cycle of the pulse in the second mode is higher than that in the first mode;

[0125] In response to switching the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode, the touch position and / or touch force is determined based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 in the second mode.

[0126] In one embodiment, determining the degree of continuity of the change may refer to determining the degree of continuity of the change within a predetermined time period or a predetermined number of times. For example, the predetermined time period may be 100 ms.

[0127] In one embodiment, determining whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode based on the continuity degree may include: determining whether the continuity degree meets a predetermined condition; if so, determining to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode.

[0128] For example, the TED determines the degree of continuity of the change based on the change data, and determines whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode based on the degree of continuity. If it is determined that the pulse light source 2 is to be switched from the first mode to the second mode, an instruction is sent to the DDC via the TED, and the DDC controls the driving circuit of the pulse light source 2 to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode.

[0129] In one embodiment, the predetermined condition may mean that all coupling signals corresponding to pulses within a predetermined time period have changed, or that coupling signals corresponding to pulses for a predetermined number of consecutive times have changed.

[0130] In one embodiment, in response to switching the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode, the method may further include: determining to switch the pulse light source 2 from the second mode to the first mode when it is determined based on the electrical signal that the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 has not changed in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0131] Here, no change occurs in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 , which may mean that no change occurs in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 within a predetermined time period or a predetermined number of times.

[0132] In this way, the degree of change continuity can be used to accurately determine whether a false touch has occurred. When there is no change, the pulse light source 2 is in the first mode with a low duty cycle, thereby greatly reducing power consumption and avoiding the waste of power caused by continuously sending high-frequency pulses. In the case of continuous change, it can switch to high-frequency continuous pulse mode, improving the detection frequency and accuracy of touch and optimizing touch feedback sensitivity.

[0133] In some embodiments, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 includes multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 , and each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 corresponds to one electrical signal; the change data includes: change speed, light intensity change, and wavelength shift;

[0134] The step S40 may include:

[0135] Determining a touch position based on the change speed corresponding to at least one column of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131;

[0136] The touch force is determined based on the light intensity change and the wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 .

[0137] Here, the light intensity change and wavelength shift can be used to indicate the change in the resonant wave in the whispering gallery mode microcavity, that is, the change in the resonant wave generated and output by the optical signal in the whispering gallery mode microcavity, namely the coupling signal, compared with the optical signal.

[0138] In one embodiment, the rate of change can represent the delay of the optical signal in the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311, that is, the time difference between the coupled signal and the optical signal. A greater rate of change indicates a smaller delay, that is, a smaller time difference. The light intensity change can refer to the light intensity difference between the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the input optical signal. The wavelength offset can refer to the wavelength difference between the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the input optical signal.

[0139] In one embodiment, step S30 may include: determining, based on the timing of the electrical signal, a change speed of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 of the column corresponding to the electrical signal.

[0140] In one embodiment, determining the touch position based on the change speed corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 may include determining the touch position based on the change speed corresponding to each column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131. For example, the position with the lowest change speed is the center of the touch position, and the position with the highest change speed is the edge of the touch position.

[0141] In one embodiment, the change speed corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 may include: the change speed, light intensity change, and wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 .

[0142] In one embodiment, determining the touch force based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 may include determining a touch pressure value based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131. The touch pressure value can represent the touch force, i.e., the degree of pressure. The wavelength offset and the light intensity change can be mapped to a pressure value. For example, the mapping between the wavelength offset and the pressure value can be positively correlated, and the mapping between the light intensity change and the pressure value can be positively correlated.

[0143] In one embodiment, based on the light intensity variation and wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 , the method may include performing weighted calculation based on the light intensity variation and wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array 131 .

[0144] In this way, based on the characteristics of the electrical signal corresponding to the coupled signal output by each column, the timing changes, light intensity changes, and wavelength shifts of the optical signal within each column can be identified, thereby accurately mapping the touch position and force acting on the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 that cause the above changes, thereby improving the sensitivity of touch detection.

[0145] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, wherein the electronic device includes the display panel described in any one or more of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0146] Here, the electronic device can be any device with display and touch functions, such as color electronic paper, mobile phones, watches, tablet computers, televisions, or laptop computers.

[0147] As a possible implementation, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional touch detection structure and method for LCD substrates based on WGM microcavities, wherein the WGM microcavities are embedded in the standard LCD process, and a touch sensing layer is added between the CF side substrate and the black matrix (i.e., the color resist layer) to achieve touch sensor integration. Figure 7 As shown, the overall structure includes a CF substrate layer, a liquid crystal layer, and an array substrate. The CF substrate layer (i.e., color filter) is composed of a glass substrate, a WGM microcavity sensing layer (i.e., touch sensing layer), a color resist layer, and an OC protective layer. The color resist layer includes a BM layer and an RGB color filter layer (i.e., color resist). The WGM microcavity sensing layer structure includes a WGM microring cavity array, a waveguide network, VCSEL pulse light sources and photodiodes (PDs) at both ends of the waveguide structure (at the substrate edges), and filler material.

[0148] WGM microcavity arrays are a key structure for 3D touch sensing. SiO2 boasts extremely low absorption loss (approximately 0.17 dB / km) in the visible to near-infrared range and low intrinsic scattering loss, enabling ultra-high quality factors and high compatibility with semiconductor processes. WGM microring cavities offer a high quality factor (≥10⁻) and low radiation loss, making them suitable for a variety of integration schemes (e.g., through waveguides, fiber tapers, or free-space coupling). Their mature fabrication process utilizes microring cavities as the fundamental building block of sensors. WGM microcavities exhibit high sensitivity, with light circulating within the cavity forming standing waves. Touch operation can cause physical changes (mechanical deformation / refractive index) on the microcavity surface or surrounding medium, altering the microcavity's resonance conditions (resonance wave shift, mode splitting, intensity changes, etc.). By sensing these signal changes, touch recognition is achieved. The microring cavity array is integrated within the gap between RGB pixels, strictly aligned with the BM coverage area to ensure no interference between the LCD panel display and the whispering gallery mode microcavity. Adjacent arrays of micro-ring cavities are arranged in a staggered manner to avoid optical signal crosstalk caused by excessive microcavity density.

[0149] The waveguide network serves as a transmission method for the input / output of optical signals of the microcavity sensor. The signal coupling between the microcavity and the horizontal tapered waveguide is an efficient light transmission mechanism based on the energy exchange of the evanescent field. The mode field diameter of the tapered waveguide is reduced in the tapered waist area, and the evanescent field intensity index is enhanced, overlapping with the evanescent field on the microcavity surface to achieve efficient light energy transmission (coupling rate ≥ 99%). Si3N4 has low loss, strong nonlinearity, dispersion tunability and process compatibility, and is used as a waveguide substrate. The waveguide network is integrated in the RGB pixel gap area and strictly aligned with the BM coverage area. Each waveguide structure extends to the border area on both sides of the substrate, and is connected to the VCSEL pulse light source and the photoelectric converter through a tapered optical fiber structure. The same column of microcavity arrays shares a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide.

[0150] The VCSEL pulse light source and the photoelectric converter are respectively integrated in the border areas on both sides of the substrate to avoid interfering with the display effect of the LCD panel. Each column of WGM microcavity array and a waveguide network corresponds to a set of VCSEL pulse light sources and photoelectric converters. The VCSEL pulse light source is responsible for providing the source of the optical signal, and the photoelectric converter is responsible for converting the optical signal transmitted by the waveguide into an electrical signal for touch recognition. The VCSEL pulse light source optical signal selects the non-visible light band (1550nm) to reduce the interference with the display effect. Each column of microcavity array is allocated an independent light source wavelength (for example, the 1550nm band is spaced 0.8nm apart) to achieve differentiated recognition of the optical signals of different columns of WGM microcavity arrays. A pulsed laser signal (narrow pulse light, pulse width ≤1ns) is selected, and the timing changes of the resonant waves of multiple columns of WGM microcavities during touch are detected to achieve differentiated signal recognition of different touch positions of the WGM microcavity array. At the same time, in order to achieve energy efficiency optimization and dynamic driving, the microcavity light source operates in low-power pulse mode (duty cycle 1%) in the default state, with power consumption ≤5mW. After detecting changes in pressure or distance, it switches to continuous mode with a response delay of ≤1ms, thereby achieving ultra-low power consumption.

[0151] The specific mode switching process is as follows: when the WGM microcavity array recognizes a change in pressure or distance on the panel surface, the photoelectric converter monitors the changes in the resonance signal (i.e., the coupling signal) transmitted by the microcavity in real time, and transmits the change signal to the touch event detection module (TED). The touch event detection module determines whether to trigger the mode switch based on the continuity of the signal. The dynamic drive controller (DDC) receives the TED instruction and controls the VCSEL drive circuit to switch to the continuous mode.

[0152] The standby power consumption is reduced by 80% compared to traditional capacitive touch, which is suitable for the long battery life requirements of mobile devices. It also achieves fast response and supports a 120Hz touch sampling rate to meet the needs of gaming and drawing scenarios.

[0153] The WGM microcavity sensing layer uses a low refractive index transparent polymer (e.g. The WGM microcavity and waveguide structure are filled with a refractive index of 1.33, which provides a base for the WGM microcavity and waveguide structure, and fills the gap area between the WGM microcavity and the waveguide to ensure surface flatness (roughness ≤ 10nm), providing a uniform base for the BM / RGB layer process. It has excellent optical transparency (visible light transmittance ≥ 95%), which avoids affecting the display effect. It also has good thermal stability and can withstand subsequent process technology. The low refractive index can enhance the confinement and conduction of laser signals by the WGM microcavity array and waveguide structure.

[0154] Under this structural design, the basic operating logic of three-dimensional (3D) touch is realized mainly by utilizing the sensitivity of changes in the resonant conditions of the WGM microcavity. Through the timing perception of a single-column pulse signal, the change speed and resonant wave changes of the single-column WGM microcavity array optical signal (i.e., the change data corresponding to the coupled signal) are sensed, the source of the optical signal change of the single-column WGM microcavity array is identified, and the changes in the optical signals of the multiple-column WGM microcavity array during the touch process (including the change speed and resonant wave changes) are combined to complete the precise identification of the specific touch point position (XY axis direction) on the substrate. By identifying the resonant wave changes of the multiple-column WGM microcavity array optical signals during the touch process, the precise identification of the pressing degree (Z axis direction) is achieved (sensitivity 0.1nm / mN). The identified position signal and pressing degree signal are processed to achieve precise 3D touch of the LCD display panel.

[0155] In this signal transmission mode, the circuit solution includes the following parts, namely, VCSEL pulse light source, photodiode (PD), transimpedance amplifier (TIA), programmable gain amplifier (PGA), multiplexer (MUX), high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and touch IC.

[0156] Signal transmission process: A VCSEL pulse light source emits a light signal; when external contact is applied to the LCD panel, the optical properties of the WGM microcavity change, causing the light signal to change. The signal delay time of different array microcavities is different; the PD converts the received light intensity change into a current signal, the amplitude of which is related to the light intensity and the resonant wavelength offset; each column of PDs is connected to an independent TIA, which converts the current signal into a voltage signal, and the PGA automatically adjusts the gain according to the signal strength; the PD array is grouped by column and selected in sequence through the MUX. The MUX switching is synchronized with the VCSEL pulse and is only sampled within the effective window of the light pulse; the 18-bit ADC quantizes the analog voltage into a digital value, and the XY coordinates and Z-axis pressure are located through an algorithm. Finally, the data interface interacts with the touch chip.

[0157] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, and of course it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0158] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the scope of protection of the present application.

[0159] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that: The display panel includes a display area and a non-display area; the display area includes a color filter, and the color filter includes: a substrate, a color resist layer, and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resist layer; the non-display area includes: a pulse light source and a processing module; The touch sensing layer includes: a whispering gallery mode microcavity array and a waveguide network corresponding to the whispering gallery mode microcavity array; the waveguide network is connected to the pulse light source and the processing module, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulse light source into the whispering gallery mode microcavity array, and transmit the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array to the processing module; The processing module is used to convert the coupling signal into an electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The whispering gallery mode microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities, and the whispering gallery mode microcavities in adjacent columns are staggered; the waveguide network includes multiple waveguide structures, and each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities corresponds to one waveguide structure; Positions of the whispering gallery mode microcavity and the waveguide structure are aligned with gaps between color resists in the color resist layer.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the waveguide structures is connected to one of the pulse light sources through a tapered optical fiber, and the pulse light sources corresponding to different columns of waveguide structures have different light source wavelengths.

4. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: The processing module includes: a plurality of photoelectric converters, a transimpedance amplifier, a programmable gain amplifier, a multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter, and a touch chip; wherein each photoelectric converter is connected to one of the waveguide structures via a tapered optical fiber; Each of the photoelectric converters is connected to a group of the transimpedance amplifier and the programmable gain amplifier, and is configured to convert the coupled signal into a current signal and output it to the transimpedance amplifier; The transimpedance amplifier is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and adjust the gain of the voltage signal through the programmable gain amplifier; The multiple channels of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the multiple programmable gain amplifiers, and the conduction windows of the channels are consistent with the pulse opening windows of the pulse light sources connected to the corresponding waveguide structures; The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the multiplexer and is used to convert the voltage signal output by the conductive path into a digital signal and transmit it to the touch control chip; The touch chip is used to determine a touch position and / or a touch force based on the digital signal.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The non-display area further includes: a thermoelectric cooler and a copper block heat sink; The cold end of the thermoelectric cooler is attached to the metal layer of the substrate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to the copper block heat sink; the thermoelectric cooler is used to adjust the temperature of the substrate through the copper block heat sink.

6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The touch sensing layer further includes: a substrate, the whispering gallery mode microcavity array and the waveguide network being disposed on the substrate; The substrate is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is lower than the refractive index of the whispering gallery mode microcavities in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array.

7. A touch detection method, characterized in that: Applied to the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising: Obtain the coupled signal output by the whispering gallery mode microcavity array through the waveguide network; converting the coupled signal into an electrical signal; determining, based on the electrical signal, change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array; The touch position and / or touch force are determined based on the change data.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The determining of the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data includes: determining a degree of continuity of the change based on the change data; Determining whether to switch the pulse light source from a first mode to a second mode based on the degree of continuity; wherein the duty cycle of the pulse in the second mode is higher than that in the first mode; In response to switching the pulse light source from the first mode to the second mode, the touch position and / or touch force is determined based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array in the second mode.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The whispering gallery mode microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering gallery mode microcavities, each column of whispering gallery mode microcavities corresponds to one electrical signal; the change data includes: change speed, light intensity change, and wavelength offset; The determining of the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data includes: determining a touch position based on the change speed corresponding to at least one column of the whispering gallery mode microcavity array; The touch force is determined based on the light intensity change and the wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column in the whispering gallery mode microcavity array.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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