Bird overwintering period habitat man-made interference quantitative evaluation system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bird wintering period habitat man-made interference quantitative evaluation system and method, and belongs to the field of calculation. The bird wintering period habitat man-made interference quantitative evaluation system is provided with a data main path; the data main path is provided with a man-made interference comprehensive intensity HDT calculation unit; a computer program is stored in the man-made interference comprehensive intensity HDT calculation unit; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a calculation method of human interference comprehensive intensity (HDT) is operated; the calculation method of the human interference comprehensive intensity HDT is obtained through calculation according to the following formula I: # imgabs0 #; in the formula I, mij is the relative importance of the interference factors, Di is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the ith person as the interference factor, and n is the number of the human interference factors. The quantitative datamation man-made interference comprehensive intensity HDT evaluated by the evaluation system and the evaluation method is consistent with the actual situation that the bird habitat is subjected to man-made interference in reality, and the evaluation system and the evaluation method have intuition, accuracy and objectivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantitative information and communication technology specifically applicable to wildlife protection, and in particular to a system and method for quantitatively evaluating human disturbance in bird wintering habitats. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of human activities and urbanization, human disturbance has become a major threat to the diversity, population distribution, and habitats of wild birds, leading to adverse ecological consequences such as population decline, deterioration in habitat quality, and even increased risk of extinction. Intensified human activities have led to the fragmentation and loss of wildlife habitats, exacerbating habitat isolation and edge effects, and having numerous negative impacts on biodiversity. Human-animal conflicts caused by intensified human activities have led to a continuous decline in wildlife populations. Reducing the impact of human activities on wildlife is a major conservation and management issue facing China and the world. Research on the impact of human disturbance on birds is a hot research area in avian conservation biology and is of great significance for mitigating the impact of human disturbance on birds.

[0003] In the past, assessments of the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in habitats were primarily based on experts' intuitive judgments of the relative importance of different disturbance factors. This approach, however, suffers from the influence of subjective qualitative factors, resulting in insufficient objectivity. Furthermore, it is primarily used in evaluation and assessment scenarios, resource allocation, and decision-making optimization, making it less applicable to wildlife, particularly bird wintering habitats. The few quantitative studies examining the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in bird wintering habitats have been limited to considering a single factor. However, the reality is that habitat disturbance factors are diverse, each with varying levels of intensity, and even overlapping effects. Some studies have attempted to quantify the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in bird wintering habitats, but this requires long-term field survey data, a time-consuming and labor-intensive process that has limited applicability.

[0004] Wintering is a critical period for bird survival. Natural factors such as altitude, temperature, food, and water are key influencing bird habitat selection during this period. Human disturbances such as roads, villages, nighttime lighting, farmland use, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, and building size are also factors influencing wintering habitat selection. Currently, there is a lack of methods to accurately quantify the impact of human disturbance on wintering bird habitats, hindering the development of conservation and management strategies for wintering bird habitats.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a system and method that considers and quantifies human interference with bird wintering habitats based on multiple factors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems in the existing technology in this field that the existing means of evaluating human disturbance in bird wintering habitats are single, subjective and non-quantifiable, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a quantitative evaluation system and method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats, which can effectively cover the habitat selection characteristics, geographic information data, and multi-factor and multi-level quantitative analysis and evaluation of human disturbance in land birds, wetland birds and urban birds during the wintering period.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats is provided, which is provided with a data main path; a comprehensive intensity of human disturbance is provided on the data main path; HD T Computational unit; The comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a total human disturbance intensity (Total human disturbance, HD T ) calculation method; comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T The calculation method is calculated by the following formula I:

[0008] Formula I: ; In Formula I, m ij is the relative importance of interference factors, D i is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor, and n is the number of human interference factors.

[0009] The number of human interference factors n = 6 or 8; Preferably, when the birds are farmland wintering birds or wetland wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=6; Preferably, when the birds are urban wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=8;

[0010] Comprehensive intensity of human interference on the main data path HD T The upstream of the computing unit is sequentially provided with m ij An assignment unit and a consistency check unit; the consistency check unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a k value calculation method is executed; the k value calculation method is calculated by the following formula II: Formula II: k =

[0011] Where, It represents the index of average consistency, n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; Preferably, the consistency check unit monitors k < 0.1 and outputs m ij Comprehensive intensity of human disturbance to downstream HD T Calculation unit; consistency check unit monitors k ≥ 0.1 and returns to the assignment unit for m ij Reassignment; Preferably, the consistency test refers to: using the above formula II to perform consistency test on the above judgment matrix, when k < 0.1, the strength judgment matrix passes the consistency test, indicating that m ij The assignment is reasonable; when k≥0.1, the strength judgment matrix fails to pass the consistency test, indicating that m ij The assignment is unreasonable and needs to be re-assigned to m ij Assignment; Preferably, m ij The assignment unit is provided with a computer readable storage medium storing the strength judgment matrix and ij Randomly assign values ​​between 1 and 9 to form a strength judgment matrix; Preferably, the strength judgment matrix is , n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; Preferably, the pair m ij Randomly assign values ​​from 1 to 9 including: m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =1, then m ji =1; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to or slightly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =2, then m ji =1 / 2; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is slightly greater than that of the habitat caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =3, then m ji =1 / 3; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is between slightly greater and greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =4, then m ji =1 / 4; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =5, then m ji =1 / 5; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =6, then m ji =1 / 6; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =7, then m ji =1 / 7; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =8, then m ji =1 / 8; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is extremely greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =9, then m ji =1 / 9.

[0012] Comprehensive intensity of human interference on the main data path HD T The upstream of the computing unit is also provided with D i Computing unit, D i The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor is executed. D i Calculation method; when the i-th person is an interference factor and the interference factor is a negative indicator, the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th person is an interference factor D i The calculation method is calculated by the following formula III: Formula III: ; When the i-th person is an interference factor and the interference factor is a positive indicator, the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th person is an interference factor i The calculation method is obtained by the following formula IV: Formula IV: ; In Formula III and Formula IV, D max For the i The original data value of the study area is retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the minimum value in the raster data; DFor the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the value of any pixel in the raster data; Preferably, the software is ArcGIS 10.8; Preferably, D i Computational unit and m ij The assignment unit and the consistency check unit are connected in parallel.

[0013] The human interference factors include: distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, building range, and farmland utilization intensity.

[0014] A quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats, comprising the following steps: S1. Relative importance of disturbance factors m ji Assignment; S2. Calculate the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th person interference factor i ;

[0015] S3. Calculate the comprehensive intensity of human interference according to formula I. HD T : Formula I: ; In Formula I, m ij is the relative importance of interference factors, D i is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor, and n is the number of human interference factors.

[0016] The number of human interference factors n = 6 or 8; Preferably, when the birds are farmland wintering birds or wetland wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=6; Preferably, when the birds are urban wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=8; Relative importance of interference factors m ji The assignment includes: (1) For m ji After randomly assigning values ​​between 1 and 9, a strength judgment matrix is ​​formed;

[0017] The strength judgment matrix is ​​determined by consistency test m ji ; Preferably, the strength judgment matrix is ; Preferably, the pair m ji Randomly assign values ​​from 1 to 9 including: m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to that of the j-th human disturbance factorij =1, then m ji =1; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to or slightly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =2, then m ji =1 / 2; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is slightly greater than that of the habitat caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =3, then m ji =1 / 3; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is between slightly greater and greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =4, then m ji =1 / 4; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =5, then m ji =1 / 5; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =6, then m ji =1 / 6; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =7, then m ji =1 / 7; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =8, then m ji =1 / 8; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is extremely greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =9, then m ji =1 / 9; Preferably, the consistency test refers to: using the following formula II to perform consistency test on the above judgment matrix. When k is less than 0.1, the strength judgment matrix passes the consistency test, indicating that m ji The assignment is reasonable; when k≥0.1, the strength judgment matrix fails to pass the consistency test, indicating that the assignment is unreasonable and needs to be re-assigned. ji Assignment.

[0018] Formula II: k =

[0019] Where, The index representing the average consistency (the specific values ​​are shown in the table below), where n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix.

[0020] In S2, the calculation of the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th human interference factor i Including: When the i-th human interference factor is a negative indicator, the standardized intensity value D is calculated according to formula III i , Formula III: , When the i-th human interference factor is a positive indicator, the standardized intensity value D is calculated according to the following formula IV i Formula IV: , In Formula III and Formula IV, D max For the i The original data value of the study area is retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the i Individuals search for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the numerical value of any pixel in the raster data.

[0021] The human interference factors include: distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, building range, and farmland use intensity; Preferably, the method for quantitatively evaluating human disturbance in bird wintering habitats further includes determining target birds, selecting distribution sites of target birds, and determining a study area before S1.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This study quantitatively analyzes human disturbances in wintering habitats of wild birds by developing a model based on habitat selection characteristics of target bird species, a multi-factor, multi-level disturbance model, and geographic information data. By classifying and quantifying human disturbances within a given spatial range of habitat, this model not only lays the foundation for further research on the impacts of human disturbances on wildlife habitat, genetics, physiology, and behavior, but also provides a scientific basis for the conservation and management of relevant wild birds, particularly rare and endangered species.

[0023] The present invention combines bird distribution data and different human disturbance factors, and adopts a method that combines the habitat selection characteristics of target bird species, a multi-factor multi-level disturbance model and geographic information data to achieve a quantitative evaluation of human disturbance in the wintering habitat of wild birds. This lays a methodological foundation for further studying the impact of human disturbance on habitats, population dynamics, genetic diversity, physiological immune levels and behavioral activities. At the same time, it provides a scientific tool for conservation management departments to evaluate the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in nature reserves, which is of great significance in the theoretical and practical process of conservation biology. The human disturbance factors mentioned in the present invention basically cover all kinds of factors involved in the current wintering habitats of birds. In actual application, they can be flexibly selected according to the habitat preferences of target birds and the type of human disturbance in the specific research site. The quantitative evaluation method of human disturbance developed by the present invention only requires a small amount of geographic information data analysis basis, and its results are highly visualized. Even grassroots conservation management departments can easily grasp them and facilitate their promotion and use. Most importantly, the intuitive, quantitative and data-based comprehensive intensity of human disturbance obtained by using the quantitative evaluation system and evaluation method of human disturbance in the wintering habitat of birds of the present invention is HD T This is consistent with the actual situation of human interference in bird habitats in reality, and effectively proves the accuracy and objectivity of the evaluation system and evaluation method of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats provided by some embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 These are the linear normalized intensity values ​​of different human interference factors in the great bustard study area of ​​Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is the comprehensive intensity of human interference factors in the great bustard study area of ​​Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 These are the linear normalized intensity values ​​of different human interference factors in the red-crowned crane study area of ​​Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is the comprehensive intensity of human interference factors in the red-crowned crane study area of ​​Experimental Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the quantitative methods for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats used in the following examples are all conventional methods.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the data, software, etc. used in the following embodiments can be purchased from commercial channels or obtained free of charge through public data.

[0031] The first group of embodiments of the present invention is a quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats. This group of embodiments provides a quantitative evaluation system for human interference in bird wintering habitats. All embodiments in this group have the following common features: the quantitative evaluation system for human interference in bird wintering habitats is provided with a data main path; Figure 1 As shown, the data main line is set with the comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T Computational unit; The comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a total human disturbance intensity (Total human disturbance, HD T ) calculation method; comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T The calculation method is calculated by the following formula I: Formula I: ; In Formula I, m ij is the relative importance of interference factors, D i is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor, and n is the number of human interference factors.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the number of artificial interference factors n=6 or 8; Preferably, when the birds are farmland wintering birds or wetland wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=6; Preferably, when the birds are urban wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=8;

[0033] When quantitatively analyzing the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in bird habitats during the wintering period, the corresponding human disturbance factors were selected based on the bird's living habits and ecological types. The corresponding relationship between bird types and their human disturbance factors and the number of human disturbance factors, as well as the selection criteria, are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0034] In a further embodiment, the comprehensive intensity of human interference on the data main line HD T The upstream of the computing unit is sequentially provided with m ijAn assignment unit and a consistency check unit; the consistency check unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a k value calculation method is executed; the k value calculation method is calculated by the following formula II: Formula II: k =

[0035] Where, It represents the index of average consistency, n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; The corresponding relationship between the values ​​of and n is shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0036] The data in Table 2 is a fixed lookup table used for consistency testing. The source is: T.L. Saaty, “RelativeMeasurement and Its Generalization in Decision Making—Why PairwiseComparisons Are Central in Mathematics for the Measurement of IntangibleFactor, the Analytic Hierarchy / Network Process,” Review of the Royal Spanish Academy of Sciences, Series A, Mathematics, Vol. 102, No. 2, 2008, pp. 251-318. doi:10.1007 / BF03191825 Preferably, the consistency check unit monitors k < 0.1 and outputs m ij Comprehensive intensity of human disturbance to downstream HD T Calculation unit; consistency check unit monitors k ≥ 0.1 and returns to the assignment unit for m ij Reassignment; Preferably, the consistency test refers to: using the above formula II to perform consistency test on the above judgment matrix, when k < 0.1, the strength judgment matrix passes the consistency test, indicating that m ij The assignment is reasonable; when k≥0.1, the strength judgment matrix fails to pass the consistency test, indicating that m ij The assignment is unreasonable and needs to be re-assigned to m ij Assignment;

[0037] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, mij The assignment unit is provided with a computer readable storage medium storing the strength judgment matrix and ij Randomly assign values ​​between 1 and 9 to form a strength judgment matrix; Preferably, the strength judgment matrix is , n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; Preferably, the pair m ij Randomly assign values ​​from 1 to 9 including: m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =1, then m ji =1; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to or slightly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =2, then m ji =1 / 2; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is slightly greater than that of the habitat caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =3, then m ji =1 / 3; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is between slightly greater and greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =4, then m ji =1 / 4; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =5, then m ji =1 / 5; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =6, then m ji =1 / 6; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =7, then m ji =1 / 7; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =8, then m ji =1 / 8; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is extremely greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =9, then mji =1 / 9;

[0038] In a further embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the comprehensive intensity of human interference on the data main line HD T The upstream of the computing unit is also provided with D i Computing unit, D i The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor is executed. D i Calculation method; when the i-th person is an interference factor and the interference factor is a negative indicator, the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th person is an interference factor D i The calculation method is calculated by the following formula III: Formula III: ; When the i-th person is an interference factor and the interference factor is a positive indicator, the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th person is an interference factor i The calculation method is obtained by the following formula IV: Formula IV: ; In Formula III and Formula IV, D max For the i The original data value of the study area is retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the value of any pixel in the raster data; Preferably, the software is ArcGIS 10.8; In some embodiments, distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, farmland utilization intensity, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, and building range are human interference factors that directly affect bird wintering habitats. Roads, villages, and building ranges are vector data; night lights, farmland utilization, population density, GDP, building height, and human footprint intensity are raster data. The public databases corresponding to each interference factor and the direction of the effect of each human interference factor on bird habitat selection are shown in Table 3.

[0039]

[0040] Negative indicators mean that the increase in the value of the human interference factor will lead to the comprehensive intensity of human interference. HD T Human interference factors with reduced values; A positive indicator means that an increase in the value of the human interference factor will lead to a comprehensive intensity of human interference. HD T Human interference factors with increased values; The i-th human interference factor is linearly normalized, converting the interference factor variable into an intensity value between 0 and 1. Since only linear transformation is involved, the overall shape and characteristics of the original data distribution are preserved, reflecting the intensity value of the human interference factor more objectively.

[0041] Preferably, D i Computational unit and m ij The assignment unit and the consistency check unit are connected in parallel.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the human interference factors include: distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, building range, and farmland utilization intensity.

[0043] In a more specific embodiment, each artificial interference factor has a common technical meaning conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, for example: The distance to the road can be the meaning of the distance to the road recorded in the article "Analysis of the suitability of habitats for different ecological types of birds in Qidong City"; The distance to the village can be the meaning of the distance to the village recorded in the article "Prediction of suitable wintering habitats and key influencing factors of population distribution of grey cranes in China"; Night lights can be the meaning of night lights recorded in the article "Suitability Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Waterbird Habitat in the Bohai Coastal Zone"; Population density can be the meaning of population density recorded in the article "Research Progress on the Relationship between Bird Diversity and Public Psychological Perception of Urban Green Spaces", or the meaning of the term "population density" in the Baidu Encyclopedia entry; GDP can be the meaning of GDP recorded in the article "Spatial and Temporal Patterns and Distribution Patterns of Important Biological Communities in Shanghai Wetlands", or it can be the meaning of the word "GDP" in the Baidu Encyclopedia entry; Human footprint intensity can be the meaning of “Human Footprint” recorded in the article “A global record of annual terrestrial HumanFootprint dataset from 2000 to 2018”; Building height can be the meaning of “building height” in the article “Gray vs. green urbanization: Relative importance of urban features for urban bird communities” or the meaning of the term “building height” in the Baidu Encyclopedia entry; The building scope can be the meaning of "building scope" recorded in the article "CMAB: A Multi-Attribute Building Dataset of China"; Cultivated land use intensity can be the same as the “Cultivated Land Use Intensity” described in the article “Ecological network design based on optimizing ecosystem services: case study in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, China”.

[0044] Second Group of Examples: Quantitative Evaluation Method for Human Disturbance in Bird Wintering Habitats of the Present Invention This group of embodiments provides a quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats. All embodiments in this group have the following common features: The quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats includes the following steps: S1. Relative importance of disturbance factors m ji Assignment; S2. Calculate the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th person interference factor i ;

[0045] S3. Calculate the comprehensive intensity of human interference according to formula I. HD T : Formula I: ; In Formula I, m ij is the relative importance of interference factors, D i is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor, and n is the number of human interference factors.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the number of artificial interference factors n=6 or 8; Preferably, when the birds are farmland wintering birds or wetland wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=6; Preferably, when the birds are urban wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=8; In other specific embodiments, the relative importance of the interference factor m ji The assignment includes: (1) For m ji After randomly assigning values ​​between 1 and 9, a strength judgment matrix is ​​formed;

[0047] (2) The strength judgment matrix is ​​determined by consistency test m ji ; Preferably, the strength judgment matrix is ; Preferably, the pair m ji Randomly assign values ​​from 1 to 9 including: m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =1, then m ji =1; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to or slightly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =2, then m ji =1 / 2; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is slightly greater than that of the habitat caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =3, then m ji =1 / 3; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is between slightly greater and greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =4, then m ji =1 / 4; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =5, then m ji =1 / 5; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =6, then m ji =1 / 6; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =7, then m ji =1 / 7; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =8, then m ji =1 / 8; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is extremely greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =9, then m ji =1 / 9; Preferably, the consistency test refers to: using the following formula II to perform consistency test on the above judgment matrix. When k is less than 0.1, the strength judgment matrix passes the consistency test, indicating that m ji The assignment is reasonable; when k≥0.1, the strength judgment matrix fails to pass the consistency test, indicating that the assignment is unreasonable and needs to be re-assigned. ji Assignment.

[0048] Formula II: k =

[0049] Where, The index representing the average consistency (the specific values ​​are shown in the table below), n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; The corresponding relationship between the values ​​of and n is shown in Table 2 above.

[0050] In some embodiments, in S2, the calculation of the normalized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th human interference factor i Including: When the i-th human interference factor is a negative indicator, the standardized intensity value D is calculated according to formula III i , Formula III: , When the i-th human interference factor is a positive indicator, the standardized intensity value D is calculated according to the following formula IV i Formula IV: , In Formula III and Formula IV, D max For the i The original data value of the study area is retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the i Individuals search for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the numerical value of any pixel in the raster data.

[0051] Negative indicators mean that the increase in the value of the human interference factor will lead to the comprehensive intensity of human interference. HD T Human interference factors with reduced values; A positive indicator means that an increase in the value of the human interference factor will lead to a comprehensive intensity of human interference. HD T Human interference factors with increased values; The i-th human interference factor is linearly normalized, converting the interference factor variable into an intensity value between 0 and 1. Since only linear transformation is involved, the overall shape and characteristics of the original data distribution are preserved, reflecting the intensity value of the human interference factor more objectively.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the human interference factors include: distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, building range, and farmland utilization intensity; Preferably, the method for quantitatively evaluating human disturbance in bird wintering habitats further includes determining target birds, selecting distribution sites of target birds, and determining a study area before S1.

[0053] In some embodiments, determining the target birds is related to the research project and can be determined manually; selecting the distribution sites of the target birds and determining the research area are routine operations well known to those skilled in the art. For example, the distribution sites can be selected and the research area can be determined by referring to the existing relevant literature on the target birds.

[0054] Experimental Example 1: Quantitative Assessment of Human Disturbance in the Habitat of the Great Bustard, a Wintering Bird in Farmland 1. Determination of the study area 1. Determination of target bird species The Great Bustard is the world's largest migratory bird. Due to a shrinking habitat and a continued population decline, it was upgraded from Vulnerable to Endangered by the IUCN in 2023. It is also a Class I protected species in my country. The Great Bustard prefers open landscapes and is extremely sensitive to environmental change and human disturbance. The Eastern subspecies of the Great Bustard breeds primarily in Mongolia, with a small number of individuals found in Inner Mongolia. Its wintering grounds are entirely in North China, where the vast majority rely on farmland for wintering. North China has a high population density and a high level of urban development, placing the Great Bustard under considerable pressure from human disturbance.

[0055] 2. Obtaining the distribution sites of Great Bustard The distribution of Great Bustards can be obtained from the China Birdwatching Record Center (http: / / birdreport.cn / ), eBird (https: / / ebird.org / home), relevant literature, and field surveys. Here, we use the wintering distribution of Great Bustards surveyed in Changyuan City, Henan Province, and Yongji City, Shanxi Province, in 2024 as an example.

[0056] 3. Determination of study area According to the description in “Satellite telemetry reveals long-distance migration in the Asian great bustard Otis tarda dybowskii” by A.E. Kessler et al. (2013), the minimum home range of the great bustard in its wintering grounds is 86.1 km². This area was used as the wintering home range. Using ArcGIS 10.8, a buffer zone was constructed with the distribution points of the great bustard as the center. The township administrative divisions within the buffer zone were used as the study area. The study areas were located in Changyuan City, Henan Province, and Yongji City, Shanxi Province.

[0057] 2. Quantitative Assessment of Human Disturbance in Great Bustard Habitat 1. Classification of human interference factors and data acquisition Based on the habitat preferences and wintering habits of the Great Bustard, appropriate human disturbance factors were selected. Distance from roads, distance from villages, nighttime lights, farmland development intensity, population density, and GDP were used as factors affecting the Great Bustard's wintering habitat (see Table 3 for their impact and public database information). In ArcGIS 10.8, the geographic coordinate system of all environmental factor layers was set to GCS_WGS_1984. Resampling was performed using the nearest neighbor method for discrete data and bilinear interpolation for continuous data, reducing the spatial resolution to 30 m × 30 m. Data for human disturbance factors were cropped uniformly to maintain a consistent number of rows and columns.

[0058] 2. Linear normalization of human interference factors Based on the relationship between the magnitude of the human interference factor data and the intensity of the interference, if the intensity of a certain human interference factor decreases as its data value increases, then the human interference factor is a negative indicator; otherwise, it is a positive indicator. By performing linear normalization on different human interference factors, the overall shape and characteristics of the original data distribution can be retained, reflecting the intensity of the human interference factor more objectively.

[0059] The linear normalization formula is as follows: Negative indicator linear normalization:

[0060] Linear normalization of positive indicators:

[0061] Where, D max For the i The original data values ​​of the study area were retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software ArcGIS 10.8 to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For thei The original data values ​​of the study area retrieved from the public database of interference factors were input into the software ArcGIS 10.8 to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the i The original data values ​​of the study area were retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software ArcGIS 10.8 to form the numerical value of any pixel in the raster data.

[0062] The human disturbance factor data were linearly normalized according to the formula, and the “raster calculator” in ArcGIS 10.8 was used to perform linear normalization transformation on different human disturbance factors in the study area, and the linear normalized intensity values ​​of different human disturbance factors in the study area were obtained ( Figure 2 ).

[0063] 3. Construction of multi-factor and multi-level interference model By comparing and assigning values ​​to the six factors of distance to roads, distance to villages, population density, GDP, night lights, and intensity of cultivated land use, an intensity judgment matrix is ​​constructed as shown in Table 4:

[0064] Using formula II: k= After consistency check, the calculated k The value is 0.052, indicating that it has passed the consistency test and the above assignment is reasonable. The weights are calculated as shown in Table 5. The results show that among the six human interference factors, population density is the most important human interference factor, with a contribution rate of 26.50%, followed by distance to the village (24.20%) and GDP (20.40%).

[0065]

[0066] 4. Quantification of human interference The intensity values ​​of different human disturbance factors in the Great Bustard study area ( Figure 2 ) and the weight values ​​of different human disturbance factors in the calculation results of the multi-factor multi-level disturbance model method (Table 5), and the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance factors in the wintering habitat of the Great Bustard was calculated ( Figure 3 ).

[0067] Based on ArcGIS 10.8 can be read Figure 2 The average comprehensive intensity of human disturbance factors in Zhongyongji and Changyuan was calculated based on the "Extraction Analysis - Extract by Point" tool in ArcGIS 10.8, using formula I: The comprehensive intensity of human disturbance factors at different distribution sites of Great Bustard was calculated (Table 6).

[0068] By combining a multi-factor and multi-level disturbance model with geographic information data, this method can be used to quantify the human disturbance factors in different regions and distribution points of different target bird species based on the habitat preference types of the target birds during their wintering period and the types of human disturbance factors they face. The results are reliable and highly visualized.

[0069]

[0070] Traditional calculations of human interference factors rely on expert experience to normalize intensity, which can easily lead to highly subjective results. The evaluation system and method of the present invention, by linearly normalizing the human interference factor to a range of 0-1, can more objectively reflect the intensity of the human interference factor without changing the overall shape and characteristics of the original data distribution.

[0071] Great Bustard A, Great Bustard B, and Great Bustard C represent the combined human disturbance intensity values ​​for the three observation points of the Great Bustard populations in this experiment. If there are other Great Bustard distribution sites in the study area, the combined human disturbance intensity values ​​for the corresponding locations can be extracted. Furthermore, Great Bustard A, Great Bustard B, and Great Bustard C represent three Great Bustard populations with different distributions.

[0072] This experiment involved two regions, Yongji and Changyuan. Due to the varying intensities of different human disturbance factors in the two regions, the maximum, minimum, and average values ​​of the combined human disturbance intensity in the study area varied after superposition. Even for the same bird species, the combined human disturbance intensity varied depending on their distribution.

[0073] Table 6 shows that the maximum comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in Yongji is 0.5181, the minimum is 0.1144, and the average is 0.3505. The comprehensive intensities of human disturbance at the locations of Great Bustard Populations A and B are 0.3202 and 0.3286, respectively, falling within the range of the study area's comprehensive intensity. The maximum comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in Changyuan is 0.8146, the minimum is 0.3525, and the average is 0.5066. The comprehensive intensity of human disturbance at the location of Great Bustard Population C is 0.4261, also falling within the range of the study area's comprehensive intensity. Furthermore, Table 9 shows that the comprehensive intensities of human disturbance vary among different Great Bustard populations within the same study area, and also vary among different Great Bustard populations in different study areas. As shown in Table 9 above, the average comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in Yongji is 0.3505, and that in Changyuan is 0.5066. This is consistent with the empirical judgment during the actual field investigation process, that is, Changyuan is located in Xinxiang, Henan, with a dense population; while Yongji is located in Yongji, Shanxi, with a relatively small population, and the human disturbance faced by the wintering habitat of the great bustard is also relatively low; this proves the objectivity and accuracy of the evaluation system and evaluation method of the present invention.

[0074] Experimental Example 2: Quantitative Evaluation of Human Disturbance in the Habitat of the Red-crowned Crane, a Wintering Waterbird in a Wetland 1. Determination of the study area 1. Determination of target bird species The red-crowned crane is a large wading bird and a first-class protected wild animal in my country. It was listed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN in 2021. There are currently about 1,200 wild red-crowned cranes worldwide, and the population is on a downward trend. Red-crowned cranes mainly inhabit open reed swamps, intertidal zones, mudflats and other wetlands. The western migratory population of red-crowned cranes mainly overwinter in the coastal wetlands of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. In recent years, coastal wetlands have been affected by human interference, and the wintering habitats of red-crowned cranes have been partially lost, threatening the safety of the population's wintering. Research on human interference in wintering areas is of great significance to the protection and management of red-crowned crane populations and habitats.

[0075] 2. Obtaining the distribution sites of red-crowned cranes The distribution of Great Bustards can be obtained from the China Birdwatching Record Center (http: / / birdreport.cn / ), eBird (https: / / ebird.org / home), relevant literature, and field surveys. Here, we use the wintering distribution of Red-crowned Cranes surveyed in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, and Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, in 2024 as an example.

[0076] 3. Determination of the study area According to the description in the article "Study on the Activity Patterns of Red-crowned Cranes Wintering in Zhalong Wetland" by Gao Zhongyan et al. (2022), the activity range of red-crowned cranes in the wintering grounds is 30 km². This area was used as the home range area during the wintering period. Using ArcGIS 10.8, a buffer zone was constructed with the red-crowned crane distribution points as the center, and the township administrative divisions involved in the buffer zone were used as the study area. The study areas were located in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province and Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province.

[0077] 1. Quantitative Assessment of Human Disturbance in Red-crowned Crane Habitats 1. Classification of human interference factors and data acquisition Based on the habitat preferences and wintering habits of red-crowned cranes, appropriate human disturbance factors were selected. Distance from roads, distance from villages, nighttime lighting, human footprint intensity, population density, and GDP were used as human disturbance factors for red-crowned crane wintering habitats (see Table 3 for their impact directions and public database information). In ArcGIS 10.8, the geographic coordinate system of all environmental factor layers was set to GCS_WGS_1984. Resampling techniques were used for discrete data using the nearest neighbor method and for continuous data using bilinear interpolation, resulting in a spatial resolution of 30 m × 30 m. Data for human disturbance factors were cropped uniformly to maintain a consistent number of rows and columns.

[0078] 2. Linear normalization of human interference factors Based on the relationship between the magnitude of the human interference factor data and the intensity of the interference, if the intensity of a certain human interference factor decreases as its data value increases, then the human interference factor is a negative indicator; otherwise, it is a positive indicator. By performing linear normalization on different human interference factors, the overall shape and characteristics of the original data distribution can be retained, reflecting the intensity of the human interference factor more objectively.

[0079] The linear normalization formula is as follows: Negative indicator linear normalization:

[0080] Linear normalization of positive indicators:

[0081] Where, D max For the i The original data values ​​of the study area were retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software ArcGIS 10.8 to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i The original data values ​​of the study area retrieved from the public database of interference factors were input into the software ArcGIS 10.8 to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the iThe original data values ​​of the study area were retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software ArcGIS 10.8 to form the numerical value of any pixel in the raster data.

[0082] The human disturbance factor data were linearly normalized according to the formula, and the “raster calculator” in ArcGIS 10.8 was used to perform linear normalization transformation on the different human disturbance factors in the red-crowned crane study area. The linear normalized intensity values ​​of different human disturbance factors in the red-crowned crane study area were obtained ( Figure 4 ).

[0083] 3. Construction of multi-factor and multi-level interference model By comparing and assigning values ​​to the six factors of distance to roads, distance to villages, population density, GDP, night lights, and human footprint intensity, an intensity judgment matrix is ​​constructed as shown in Table 7:

[0084] Using formula II: k = After consistency check, the calculated k The value is 0.033, indicating that it has passed the consistency test and the above assignment is reasonable. The weights are calculated as shown in Table 8. The results show that among the six human interference factors, population density is the most important human interference factor, with a contribution rate of 39.42%, followed by distance to the village (23.01%) and distance to the village (20.16%).

[0085]

[0086] 4. Quantification of human interference The intensity values ​​of different human disturbance factors in the red-crowned crane study area ( Figure 4 ) and the weight values ​​of different human interference factors in the calculation results of the multi-factor multi-level interference model method (Table 8) are weighted and the following formula I is used: The comprehensive intensity of human disturbance factors in the red-crowned crane study area was calculated ( Figure 4 ).

[0087] Based on ArcGIS 10.8 can be read Figure 5 The average comprehensive intensity of human disturbance factors in the central Yancheng area; based on the “Extraction Analysis - Extraction by Point” tool in ArcGIS 10.8, the comprehensive intensity of human disturbance factors at different distribution sites of red-crowned cranes can be read (Table 9).

[0088] By combining a multi-factor and multi-level disturbance model with geographic information data, this method can be used to quantify the human disturbance factors in different regions and distribution points of different target bird species based on the habitat preference types of the target birds during their wintering period and the types of human disturbance factors they face. The results are reliable and highly visualized.

[0089]

[0090] Table 9 shows that the maximum comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in Jinzhou was 0.7425, the minimum was 0.1345, and the average was 0.3670; the maximum comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in Yancheng was 0.8526, the minimum was 0.0791, and the average was 0.3973. The comprehensive intensities of human disturbance at the locations of different red-crowned crane populations in both study areas fell within the range of comprehensive intensities for the study areas, making the results reasonable. Furthermore, Table 9 also shows that the comprehensive intensities of human disturbance at the locations of different red-crowned crane populations within the same study area varied, and that the comprehensive intensities of human disturbance at the locations of different red-crowned crane populations in different study areas also varied. As shown in Table 9 above, the average comprehensive intensity of human disturbance in Jinzhou is 0.3670, and that in Yancheng is 0.3973. This is consistent with the empirical judgment during the actual field investigation process. That is, Yancheng is located in Jiangsu and has a developed economy, while Jinzhou is located in Liaoning and has a relatively underdeveloped economy. The human disturbance faced by the wintering habitat of the red-crowned crane is also relatively low. This proves the objectivity and accuracy of the evaluation system and evaluation method of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats, characterized by: A data main line is set; a comprehensive intensity of human interference is set on the data main line HD T Calculation unit: the comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a comprehensive intensity of human interference is executed. HD T Calculation method of comprehensive intensity of human interference HD T The calculation method is calculated by the following formula I: Formula I: ; In Formula I, m ij is the relative importance of interference factors, D i is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor, and n is the number of human interference factors.

2. The quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of human interference factors n = 6 or 8; and / or, when the birds are farmland wintering birds or wetland wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=6; And / or, when the birds are urban wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=8.

3. The quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: Comprehensive intensity of human interference on the main data path HD T The upstream of the computing unit is sequentially provided with m ij Assignment unit and consistency checking unit; The consistency checking unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a k value calculation method is executed; the k value calculation method is calculated by the following formula II: Formula II: k = ; Where μ represents the average consistency index, n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; And / or, the consistency check unit monitors k < 0.1 and outputs m ij Comprehensive intensity of human disturbance to downstream HD T Calculation unit; consistency check unit monitors k ≥ 0.1 and returns to the assignment unit for m ij Reassignment; And / or, the consistency test refers to: using the above formula II to perform consistency test on the above judgment matrix, when k < 0.1, the strength judgment matrix passes the consistency test, indicating that m ij The assignment is reasonable; when k≥0.1, the strength judgment matrix fails to pass the consistency test, indicating that m ij The assignment is unreasonable and needs to be re-assigned to m ij Assignment; and / or, m ij The assignment unit is provided with a computer readable storage medium storing the strength judgment matrix and ij Randomly assign values ​​between 1 and 9 to form a strength judgment matrix; And / or, the strength judgment matrix is n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix; And / or, the pair m ij Randomly assign values ​​from 1 to 9 including: m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =1, then m ji =1; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to or slightly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =2, then m ji =1 / 2; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is slightly greater than that of the habitat caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =3, then m ji =1 / 3; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is between slightly greater and greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =4, then m ji =1 / 4; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =5, then m ji =1 / 5; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =6, then m ji =1 / 6; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =7, then m ji =1 / 7; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =8, then m ji =1 / 8; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is extremely greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =9, then m ji =1 / 9.

4. The quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: Comprehensive intensity of human interference on the main data path HD T The upstream of the computing unit is also provided with D i Computing unit, D i The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor is executed. D i Calculation method; when the i-th person is an interference factor and the interference factor is a negative indicator, the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th person is an interference factor D i The calculation method is calculated by the following formula III: Formula III: ; When the i-th person is an interference factor and the interference factor is a positive indicator, the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th person is an interference factor i The calculation method is obtained by the following formula IV: Formula IV: ; In Formula III and Formula IV, D max For the i The original data value of the study area is retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the value of any pixel in the raster data; and / or, the software is ArcGIS 10.8; and / or, D i Computational unit and m ij The assignment unit and the consistency check unit are connected in parallel.

5. A quantitative evaluation system for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The human interference factors include: distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, building range, and farmland utilization intensity.

6. A quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1. The relative importance of interference factors m ji Assignment; S2. Calculate the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th person interference factor i ; S3. Calculate the comprehensive intensity of human interference according to formula I. HD T : Formula I: ; In Formula I, m ij is the relative importance of interference factors, D i is the standardized intensity value corresponding to the i-th human interference factor, and n is the number of human interference factors.

7. The quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of human interference factors n = 6 or 8; and / or, when the birds are farmland wintering birds or wetland wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=6; And / or, when the birds are urban wintering birds, the number of human interference factors n=8.

8. The method for quantitatively evaluating human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to claim 6, characterized in that: Relative importance of interference factors m ji The assignment includes: (1) For m ji After randomly assigning values ​​between 1 and 9, a strength judgment matrix is ​​formed; (2) The strength judgment matrix is ​​determined by consistency test m ji ; And / or, the strength judgment matrix is ; And / or, the pair m ij Randomly assign values ​​from 1 to 9 including: m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =1, then m ji =1; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is equal to or slightly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =2, then m ji =1 / 2; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is slightly greater than that of the habitat caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =3, then m ji =1 / 3; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is between slightly greater and greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =4, then m ji =1 / 4; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =5, then m ji =1 / 5; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =6, then m ji =1 / 6; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =7, then m ji =1 / 7; m when the disturbance intensity of the habitat caused by the i-th human disturbance factor is significantly greater than that caused by the j-th human disturbance factor ij =8, then m ji =1 / 8; m when the habitat disturbance intensity of the i-th human disturbance factor is extremely greater than the habitat disturbance intensity of the j-th human disturbance factor ij =9, then m ji =1 / 9; Formula II: k = ; Where, It represents the index of average consistency, and n is the number of human interference factors in the intensity judgment matrix.

9. The quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S2, the calculation of the standardized intensity value D corresponding to the i-th human interference factor i Including: When the i-th human interference factor is a negative indicator, the standardized intensity value D is calculated according to formula III i , Formula III: , When the i-th human interference factor is a positive indicator, the standardized intensity value D is calculated according to the following formula IV i Formula IV: , In Formula III and Formula IV, D max For the i The original data value of the study area is retrieved from the public database of interference factors and input into the software to form the maximum value in the raster data. D min For the i Individuals searched for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the minimum value in the raster data; D For the i Individuals search for the original data values ​​of the study area in the public database of interference factors and input them into the software to form the numerical value of any pixel in the raster data.

10. A quantitative evaluation method for human disturbance in bird wintering habitats according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The human interference factors include: distance from roads, distance from villages, night lights, population density, GDP, human footprint intensity, building height, building range, and farmland use intensity; And / or, the method for quantitatively evaluating human disturbance in bird wintering habitats further includes, before S1, determining target birds, selecting distribution sites of target birds, and determining a study area.

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