Left-handed transmission line, CRLH phase shifter, antenna and base station

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a left-handed transmission line, a CRLH phase shifter, an antenna and a base station. A left-hand transmission line relates to the technical field of microwaves and comprises a traditional right-hand transmission line, a first grounding inductor, a second grounding inductor, a first chip capacitor, a second chip capacitor and a third chip capacitor, the first grounding inductor and the second grounding inductor have the same inductance value, and the second chip capacitor and the third chip capacitor have the same capacitance value. The capacitance value is equal to a preset multiple of the capacitance value of the first chip capacitor; one end of each grounding inductor is grounded, and the other end is connected with the traditional right-hand transmission line; the chip capacitors are arranged on the traditional right-hand transmission line in a series connection mode. By applying the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the left-handed transmission line can be applied to the CRLH phase shifter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microwave technology, and in particular to a left-handed transmission line, a CRLH phase shifter, an antenna, and a base station. Background Art

[0002] With the development of electromagnetic metamaterials, left-handed transmission lines (LHTLs) with left-handed properties have gradually been recognized and studied in depth. LHTLs offer advantages such as wide bandwidth, low loss, and nonlinear dispersion, and are widely used in various microwave devices, including dual-band devices, filters, and antennas.

[0003] Composite Right / Left-Handed (CRLH) phase shifters designed using left-handed transmission lines can avoid a strong frequency dependency on phase difference, achieving stable phase shifting over a wide frequency band. However, left-handed materials do not exist in nature, and their properties do not conform to classical physics. Therefore, to better apply left-handed transmission lines to CRLH phase shifters, it is possible to design left-handed transmission lines with left-handed properties based on naturally occurring right-handed materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a left-handed transmission line, a CRLH phase shifter, an antenna, and a base station, so as to apply the left-handed transmission line to the CRLH phase shifter. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a left-handed transmission line is provided. The left-handed transmission line includes a conventional right-handed transmission line, a first ground inductor, a second ground inductor, a first patch capacitor, a second patch capacitor, and a third patch capacitor. The first ground inductor and the second ground inductor have the same inductance value, and the second patch capacitor and the third patch capacitor have the same capacitance value, which is equal to a preset multiple of the capacitance value of the first patch capacitor.

[0006] One end of each grounded inductor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the traditional right-hand transmission line;

[0007] The chip capacitors are arranged in series on the traditional right-hand transmission line; wherein the first chip capacitor is located between the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor on the traditional right-hand transmission line, the second chip capacitor is located on one side of the first ground inductor on the traditional right-hand transmission line and away from the second ground inductor, and the third chip capacitor is located on one side of the second ground inductor on the traditional right-hand transmission line and away from the first ground inductor.

[0008] In a possible embodiment, the thickness of each chip capacitor is the same as the thickness of the traditional right-hand transmission line, and the traditional right-hand transmission line passes through the chip capacitor.

[0009] In a possible embodiment, each chip capacitor is circular in shape.

[0010] In a possible embodiment, a composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line is constructed based on the left-handed transmission line.

[0011] In a possible embodiment, the length of the composite left-handed transmission line is the sum of a first length of the right-handed transmission line and a second length of the left-handed transmission line in the composite left-handed transmission line.

[0012] The second length is equivalent to a value calculated based on a left-handed inductance value and a left-handed capacitance value of the left-handed transmission line.

[0013] In a possible embodiment, the left-handed inductance value L of the left-handed transmission line is L and the left-hand capacitance C L The left-hand inductance value is related to the inductance values ​​of the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor, and the left-hand capacitance value is related to the capacitance values ​​of the second chip capacitor and the third chip capacitor.

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] Among them, L R and C R are the right-hand inductance and right-hand capacitance of the right-hand transmission line in the composite left-hand and right-hand transmission lines to be determined, respectively. L and C L are the left-hand inductance and left-hand capacitance of the left-hand transmission line to be determined, f1 is the known first fixed frequency point, f2 is the known second fixed frequency point, Φ CRLH (f1) is the phase shift of the composite left-handed transmission line at the first fixed frequency point, Φ CRLH (f2) is the phase shift of the composite left-handed transmission line at a known second fixed frequency point.

[0019] In a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a CRLH phase shifter is further provided, the CRLH phase shifter comprising a power divider, a traditional right-handed transmission line, and a composite left-right-handed transmission line, wherein the composite left-right-handed transmission line is the composite left-right-handed transmission line described in any one of the first aspects above;

[0020] The power divider output ports are connected to the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission lines and the right-handed transmission line respectively; the length of the traditional right-handed transmission line is the same as the first length of the right-handed transmission line in the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line.

[0021] In a possible embodiment, the power divider is a microstrip power divider or a strip power divider.

[0022] In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an antenna is further provided, wherein the antenna comprises a CRLH phase shifter, and the CRLH phase shifter is the CRLH phase shifter described in the second aspect above.

[0023] In a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a base station is further provided, wherein the antenna installed in the base station is the antenna described in the third aspect above.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application:

[0025] The left-handed transmission line provided in the embodiment of the present application adds a ground inductor and a chip capacitor to the traditional right-handed transmission line, thereby changing the size of the traditional right-handed transmission line, forming a high-order mode resonance, and is equivalent to a left-handed transmission line, thereby applying the left-handed transmission line to a CRLH phase shifter.

[0026] Of course, it is not necessary to achieve all the advantages described above at the same time when implementing any product or method of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanical downtilt antenna assembly in the related art;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electrically adjustable antenna assembly in the related art;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a TE10 mode in a microstrip line in the related art;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an even-mode field structure in an odd-even-mode resonance equivalent left-handed transmission line model in the related art;

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an odd-mode field structure in an odd-even mode resonance equivalent left-handed transmission line model in the related art;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of a Butler matrix passive phase shifter in the related art;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional microstrip passive phase shifter in the related art;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a left-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 9 A circuit equivalent diagram of a left-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 10 A circuit equivalent diagram of a right-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 11 A circuit equivalent diagram of a left-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 12 A circuit equivalent diagram of a composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 13 A diagram showing the relationship between frequency and phase corresponding to a right-handed transmission line and a composite left-right-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 14 A schematic structural diagram of a Wilkinson power divider microstrip model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 15 A schematic structural diagram of a microstrip power divider simulation stack provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 16 A schematic structural diagram of a Wilkinson power divider strip model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of a structure of a strip power divider simulation stack provided in an embodiment of the present application

[0045] Figure 18 A schematic structural diagram of a microstrip and strip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of model parameters of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 20A graph showing the relationship between return loss and frequency of a standing wave at a port of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 21 A diagram showing the relationship between the phase values ​​S21 and S31 and the frequency of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 22 A diagram showing the relationship between the phase difference and frequency between S21 and S31 of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 23 A schematic diagram of model parameters of a strip CRLH phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 24 A graph showing the relationship between return loss and frequency of a standing wave at a port of a strip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 25 A diagram showing the relationship between the phase values ​​S21 and S31 and the frequency of a strip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 26 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the phase difference and frequency between the strip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" describes the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more than two, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] Embodiments of the present application provide a left-handed transmission line, a CRLH phase shifter, an antenna, and a base station, for applying the left-handed transmission line to the CRLH phase shifter.

[0058] Among them, the left-handed transmission line, CRLH phase shifter, antenna and base station are based on the same application concept. Since the principles of solving problems by the left-handed transmission line and the CRLH phase shifter, antenna and base station are similar, the implementation of the CRLH phase shifter, antenna, base station and left-handed transmission line can refer to each other, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0059] In the related art, most base stations use mechanical downtilt antennas. Figure 1 , which is a structural diagram of a mechanical downtilt antenna assembly in the related art.

[0060] The tower-shaped structure is the base station, the square structure is the antenna, the mobile phone-shaped structure is the terminal, and the distance between the base station and the terminal is d. mn ,θ m and θ n represents the default downward tilt angle of the antenna, θ m is the angle between the line connecting the antenna and the terminal and the horizontal direction, θ n It is the angle between the line connecting the antenna and the terminal and the vertical direction.

[0061] Use Figure 1 The method shown here presets the antenna downtilt angle to achieve beam directional radiation, which results in poor beam coverage and consumes more manpower and material resources.

[0062] The development of phase shifter technology is of great significance for the realization of electrically steerable antennas, which can achieve good beam coverage. Figure 2 , which is a structural diagram of an electrically adjustable antenna assembly in the related art.

[0063] The tower-shaped structure is the base station, the square structure is the antenna, the mobile phone-shaped structure is the terminal, and the distance between the base station and the terminal is d. mn ,θ m and θ n represents the default downward tilt angle of the antenna, θ m is the angle between the line connecting the antenna and the terminal and the horizontal direction, θ n It is the angle between the line connecting the antenna and the terminal and the vertical direction.

[0064] from Figure 2 As can be seen, fixed antennas, using electrically adjustable phase shifters to achieve beam coverage, save significant manpower and material resources compared to mechanical downtilt antennas. Furthermore, as a crucial component of electrically adjustable antennas, the performance of phase shifters directly determines the overall performance of base station electrically adjustable antennas.

[0065] Currently available phase shifters can be divided into active phase shifters and passive phase shifters.

[0066] Active phase shifters consist of an active control switching chip, an internal attenuation controller, and a digital phase shifter. The development of digital phase shifters has reached maturity, and multi-bit digital phase shifter technology is no longer a technical challenge. The active phase shifter uses a programmable switching chip to switch to the user's desired phase value, thereby achieving antenna beamforming.

[0067] Passive phase shifters are mostly Butler matrix and microstrip phase shifters. When used as a large MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna feed network, multi-port Butler matrix phase shifters are complex and difficult to implement. Passive microstrip phase shifters typically achieve phase shifting by controlling the differential length between microstrip lines. However, due to the path length differences between different frequencies, microstrip phase shifters cannot achieve broadband phase shifting.

[0068] Left-handed materials have properties opposite to right-handed materials, and can exhibit negative dielectric constants and conductivity. However, left-handed materials do not exist in nature, and their properties do not conform to classical physics. Therefore, by modifying and recombining parts of the right-handed material, the relevant properties of left-handed materials can be simulated.

[0069] As a left-handed material, left-handed transmission lines are widely used in various microwave devices such as dual-band devices, filters, antennas, etc.

[0070] The transmission in the traditional right-handed transmission line is a quasi-TEM wave. When the frequency increases and the size of the microstrip line is comparable to the wavelength, higher-order modes can appear.

[0071] Higher-order modes include TE and TM modes. The TM mode is less affected by the transmission line size, while the TE mode is more affected by the microstrip line. The lowest-order mode in the TE mode is the TE10 mode.

[0072] See also Figure 3 , which is a structural diagram of a TE10 mode in a microstrip line in the related art.

[0073] The diagram shows the directions of the electric and magnetic fields along the x-, y-, and z-axes. H represents the magnetic field strength, and E represents the electric field strength. "×" indicates inward, perpendicular to the page, and "·" indicates outward, perpendicular to the page.

[0074] The cutoff wavelength of the TE10 mode is:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, λ c is the cutoff wavelength of TE10 mode, w is the transmission line width, h is the thickness of the dielectric plate, ε r is the dielectric constant.

[0077] If and only if the transmission line thickness t≠0, due to the edge effect, the equivalent width of the transmission line is increased by 0.8h. From the above formula, we can see that when the shortest operating wavelength of the transmission line is less than λ c When the transmission line width w is increased, the high-order TE10 mode is likely to appear.

[0078] There are currently two types of equivalent left-handed transmission lines: discrete device equivalent left-handed transmission lines and odd-mode and even-mode resonant equivalent left-handed transmission lines.

[0079] The principle of constructing a left-handed transmission line equivalent to a discrete device is to analyze the equivalent circuit schematic of a right-handed transmission line using the same principle. Then, using discrete capacitors and inductors, we construct the equivalent circuit of the analyzed left-handed transmission line, thereby obtaining the characteristics of the left-handed transmission line and applying them to various circuit projects.

[0080] Based on electromagnetic wave resonance theory, an even-odd-mode resonant equivalent left-handed transmission line is constructed by creating a coupling gap between two right-handed transmission lines at both ends. This creates even-odd-mode electric field conversion resonance during electromagnetic wave transmission. By adjusting the relative area and distance of the coupling gap, the resonance intensity is adjusted, thereby achieving left-handed transmission line characteristics. Currently, this type of equivalent left-handed transmission line is widely researched and applied.

[0081] The accuracy of the left-handed characteristics of existing discrete device equivalent left-handed transmission lines is significantly affected by the discrete device's numerical discreteness, resulting in unstable performance. Furthermore, the use of high-Q devices increases costs, development and debugging time, and labor costs. These discrete device equivalent left-handed transmission lines can only be laid out on the surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), increasing PCB size and cost.

[0082] Existing models for odd- and even-mode resonant equivalent left-handed transmission lines are complex, susceptible to manufacturing errors, require long simulation times, and require numerous optimization parameters. When these lines are placed on the surface and inner layers of a PCB, the phase velocity consistency of the odd and even modes differs significantly. On the surface, because one side of the structure is exposed to air, the odd-mode electric field is stronger than the even-mode field, resulting in inconsistent phase velocities between the odd and even modes, impacting device performance. This phenomenon is not present on inner layers.

[0083] See also Figure 4 , which is a schematic diagram of the even-mode field structure in an odd-even-mode resonance equivalent left-handed transmission line model in the related art.

[0084] Among them, H represents the magnetic field strength, E represents the electric field strength, ε r represents the dielectric constant, and the vertical dashed line in the middle represents the even symmetry plane.

[0085] from Figure 4It can be seen that the electric field and magnetic field are distributed in an even symmetric plane.

[0086] See also Figure 5 , which is a schematic diagram of the odd-mode field structure in an odd-even mode resonance equivalent left-handed transmission line model in the related art.

[0087] Among them, H represents the magnetic field strength, E represents the electric field strength, ε r represents the dielectric constant, and the vertical dashed line in the middle represents the odd symmetry plane.

[0088] from Figure 5 It can be seen that the electric field and magnetic field are distributed in an odd-symmetric plane.

[0089] Existing active phase shifters are complex to design and require cumbersome steps to use. They also require phase calibration for each channel before use. Active phase shifters use a large number of active chips, resulting in high design and manufacturing costs, and high commissioning and labor costs.

[0090] The existing Butler matrix passive phase shifter is not suitable for multi-channel design, is difficult to develop, has a long development cycle, high labor costs, is difficult to implement, and is difficult to debug after equipment processing.

[0091] See also Figure 6 , which is a structural diagram of a Butler matrix passive phase shifter in the related art.

[0092] H0° indicates a horizontal transmission phase of 0 degrees, and H90° indicates a vertical transmission phase of 90 degrees. This means that when a signal passes through a phase shifter, the horizontal phase remains unchanged, while the vertical phase increases by 90 degrees. 45° indicates that the signal undergoes a 45° phase shift in the phase shifter. This phase shift can be used to achieve signal rotation or diagonal transmission.

[0093] Port1-Port8 are connected to the input and output ports of the phase shifter respectively. Port1 and Port2 are input ports, Port7 and Port8 are output ports, and Port3-Port6 are internal connection ports for achieving phase shift.

[0094] Crossover refers to the cross-coupling structure in a phase shifter. It is used to distribute the input signal to different output ports and achieve corresponding phase shifts. By adjusting the parameters of the cross-coupling structure, different phase shift effects can be achieved.

[0095] Although the existing traditional microstrip passive phase shifter has a simple structure, it is affected by the path difference and cannot achieve wide-band phase shift.

[0096] See also Figure 7 , which is a structural diagram of a traditional microstrip passive phase shifter in the related art.

[0097] Among them, Port1 is the input port, Port2 and Port3 are output ports, and the horizontal distance between Port2 and Port3 is the length of the phase shift part.

[0098] The relationship between phase difference and frequency is shown in the following equation:

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] in, is the phase difference between the two line lengths at the corresponding frequency points, μ is the path difference, and λ ′ c is the wavelength after the parameters related to the electromagnetic wave transmission medium are corrected. ′ It is the wave velocity after correction considering the parameters related to the electromagnetic wave transmission medium, and f is the frequency.

[0102] As can be seen from the above formula, when the phase shifter size is fixed, the phase difference is strongly correlated with the frequency, and stable phase shifting over a wide frequency band cannot be achieved.

[0103] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a left-handed transmission line. Figure 8 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a left-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application. The left-handed transmission line includes a conventional right-handed transmission line 801, a first grounding inductor 802, a second grounding inductor 803, a first chip capacitor 804, a second chip capacitor 805, and a third chip capacitor 806. The first grounding inductor 802 and the second grounding inductor 803 have the same inductance value, and the second chip capacitor 805 and the third chip capacitor 806 have the same capacitance value, which is equal to a preset multiple of the capacitance value of the first chip capacitor 804.

[0104] See also Figure 8 One end of each grounded inductor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the traditional right-hand transmission line 801.

[0105] Specifically, in Figure 8 In the embodiment, the lower end of the first grounding inductor 802 is connected to the traditional right-hand transmission line 801, and the upper end is used for grounding. The lower end of the second grounding inductor 803 is connected to the traditional right-hand transmission line 801, and the upper end is used for grounding.

[0106] The chip capacitors are arranged in series on the traditional right-hand transmission line 801; among them, the first chip capacitor 804 is located between the first grounding inductor 802 and the second grounding inductor 803 on the traditional right-hand transmission line 801, the second chip capacitor 805 is located on one side of the first grounding inductor 802 on the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 and away from the second grounding inductor 803, and the third chip capacitor 806 is located on one side of the second grounding inductor 803 on the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 and away from the first grounding inductor 802.

[0107] Specifically, in Figure 8 In the figure, it is assumed that the area on the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 is divided into three areas according to the first ground inductor 802 and the second ground inductor 803, wherein the area between the first ground inductor 802 and the second ground inductor 803 is the first area, the area to the left of the first ground inductor 802 is the second area, and the area to the right of the second ground inductor 803 is the third area. Then, the first chip capacitor 804 is located in the first area, the second chip capacitor 805 is located in the second area, and the third chip capacitor 806 is located in the third area.

[0108] In the above embodiment, since a ground inductor and a chip capacitor are added to a traditional right-hand transmission line, the size of the traditional right-hand transmission line is changed, a high-order mode resonance is formed, and a left-hand transmission line is equivalent, thereby applying the left-hand transmission line to a CRLH phase shifter.

[0109] In a possible embodiment, each chip capacitor is circular in shape.

[0110] Specifically, the shapes of the first chip capacitor 804 , the second chip capacitor 805 , and the third chip capacitor 806 may be circular, or may be square, triangular, diamond, or other shapes.

[0111] The circular shape of each chip capacitor has the following advantages:

[0112] First, the electric field is evenly distributed. Circular-shaped chip capacitors can achieve more uniform electric field distribution, reduce electric field concentration, and improve the performance and stability of chip capacitors.

[0113] Second, reduce inductance. Compared with other shapes (such as square), circular chip capacitors can reduce inductance, thereby improving the transmission effect of high-frequency signals.

[0114] It should be noted that the shape of each chip capacitor can be circular, or can be other shapes such as square, triangle, diamond, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the shape of each chip capacitor.

[0115] The above embodiment is selected. Since the shape of each chip capacitor is circular, it has the advantages of uniformly distributing the electric field and reducing inductance. Therefore, the equivalent effect of the left-handed transmission line designed using circular chip capacitors is better.

[0116] In a possible embodiment, the thickness of each chip capacitor is the same as the thickness of the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 , and the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 passes through the chip capacitor.

[0117] For details, see Figure 8 , it can be seen that the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 runs through the first chip capacitor 804 , the second chip capacitor 805 and the third chip capacitor 806 .

[0118] In addition, the thickness of each chip capacitor is the same as that of the conventional right-hand transmission line 801, which has the following advantages:

[0119] First, the balance of the left-hand transmission line is maintained. By keeping the thickness of each chip capacitor the same as that of the traditional right-hand transmission line 801, the balance of the left-hand transmission line can be maintained, reducing signal distortion and interference.

[0120] Second, it improves signal transmission efficiency. Consistent thickness can reduce reflection and loss caused by impedance mismatch, thereby improving signal transmission efficiency and stability.

[0121] By selecting the above embodiment, the thickness of each chip capacitor is the same as the thickness of the traditional right-hand transmission line 801, and the traditional right-hand transmission line 801 runs through the chip capacitor, which can maintain the balance of the left-hand transmission line, reduce signal distortion and interference, and improve the efficiency and stability of signal transmission.

[0122] See also Figure 9 , is a circuit equivalent diagram of a left-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0123] exist Figure 9 In the example, if the inductance of the first ground inductor 802 is L l1 , the inductance of the second grounding inductor 803 is L l2 , then L l1 =L l2 .

[0124] If the capacitance of the first chip capacitor 804 is C l1 , the capacitance value of the second chip capacitor 805 is C l2 , the capacitance value of the third chip capacitor 806 is C l3 , assuming the preset multiple is 2, then C l2 =C l3 =2C l1 .

[0125] It should be noted that the above-mentioned value of the preset multiple is only a possible embodiment, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the value of the preset multiple.

[0126] The technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applicable to the left-hand transmission line of a variety of systems, especially 5G systems. For example, the applicable system can be a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) general packet radio service (GPRS) system, a long term evolution (LTE) system, a LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, a LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a world-wide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) system, a 5G new air interface (NR) system, etc. These various systems include terminal equipment and network equipment. The system may also include a core network part, such as an evolved packet system (EPS), a 5G system (5GS), etc.

[0127] In a possible embodiment, a composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line is constructed based on the left-handed transmission line.

[0128] The composite left-handed transmission line is composed of a left-handed transmission line and a right-handed transmission line in the composite left-handed transmission line.

[0129] The principle of the equivalent diagram of the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line circuit is analyzed below.

[0130] See also Figure 10 , which is a circuit equivalent diagram of a right-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0131] The arrows indicate the combination.

[0132] According to the right-hand transmission line principle, the phase shift per unit length is:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, L R and C R are the right-hand inductance and capacitance of the right-hand transmission line respectively, ω is the angular velocity, and ω=2πf, f is the frequency.

[0135] See also Figure 11 , is a circuit equivalent diagram of a left-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0136] The arrows indicate the combination.

[0137] According to the left-hand transmission line principle, the phase shift per unit length is:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, Φ L is the phase shift per unit length of the left-hand transmission line, L L and C L are the left-hand inductance and left-hand capacitance of the left-hand transmission line respectively, ω is the angular velocity, and ω=2πf, f is the frequency.

[0140] See also Figure 12 , which is a circuit equivalent diagram of a composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0141] The arrows indicate the combination.

[0142] The phase shift per unit length of the composite left-handed transmission line is:

[0143]

[0144] Among them, Φ CRLH is the phase shift per unit length of the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line, Φ L is the phase shift per unit length of the left-hand transmission line, Φ R are the phase shift per unit length of the right-hand transmission line, L R and C R are the right-hand inductance and capacitance of the right-hand transmission line, L L and C L are the left-hand inductance and left-hand capacitance of the left-hand transmission line respectively, ω is the angular velocity, and ω=2πf, f is the frequency.

[0145] See also Figure 13 , which is a relationship diagram between frequency and phase corresponding to a right-handed transmission line and a composite left-right-handed transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0146] Here, f1 is the first fixed frequency, f2 is the second fixed frequency, and f0 is the third fixed frequency. The horizontal axis (frequency) represents the frequency of the right-handed transmission line and the composite left-handed transmission line, and the vertical axis (phase) represents the phase of the right-handed transmission line and the composite left-handed transmission line.

[0147] from Figure 13 It can be seen that within a relatively wide frequency band, there is a stable phase difference between the RH (Right-Handed) transmission line and the CRLH (Composite Right / Left-Handed) transmission line.

[0148] In one possible embodiment, the length of the composite left-handed transmission line is the sum of a first length of the right-hand transmission line and a second length of the left-hand transmission line in the composite left-handed transmission line. The second length is equivalent to a value calculated based on a left-handed inductance and a left-handed capacitance of the left-handed transmission line.

[0149] For example, if the length of the composite left-handed transmission line is d 复合左右手传输线 , the first length of the right-hand transmission line is d MS , the second length of the left-hand transmission line is d 左手传输线 , then d 复合左右手传输线 =d MS +d 左手传输线 .

[0150] In a possible embodiment, the left-handed inductance value L of the left-handed transmission line is L and the left-hand capacitance C L It is obtained by the following formula. The left-hand inductance value is related to the inductance value of the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor. The left-hand capacitance value is related to the capacitance value of the second chip capacitor and the third chip capacitor.

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] Among them, L R and C R are the right-hand inductance and capacitance of the right-hand transmission line in the composite left-hand and right-hand transmission lines to be determined, respectively. L and C Lare the left-hand inductance and left-hand capacitance of the left-hand transmission line to be determined, f1 is the first known fixed frequency point, f2 is the second known fixed frequency point, Φ CRLH (f1) is the phase shift of the composite left-handed transmission line at the first known fixed frequency point, Φ CRLH (f2) is the phase shift of the composite left-handed transmission line at the second known fixed frequency point.

[0156] Specifically, assume that the first length of the right-hand transmission line is selected as the reference length d MS , the phase change of the right-hand transmission line at the first fixed frequency point f1 is The phase change of the right-hand transmission line at the second fixed frequency point f2 is Assuming that the phase shift value of the broadband phase shifter is Δ°, the composite left-handed transmission line needs to satisfy the following phase change at the first fixed frequency point f1 and the second fixed frequency point f2:

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] Among them, Φ CRLH (f1) is the phase change of the composite left-handed transmission line at the first fixed frequency point f1, Φ CRLH (f2) is the phase change of the composite left-handed transmission line at the first fixed frequency point f2.

[0160] Since ω=2πf, ω is the angular velocity and f is the frequency, the following formula can be obtained:

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] To simplify the formula, let

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] The following formula can be obtained:

[0167]

[0168]

[0169] Solve the linear equation of two variables and get:

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] From the above formula, we can see that, given the values ​​of parameters f1, f2, A, and B, and assuming a matching characteristic impedance of 50Ω, we can calculate the left-handed inductance L of the left-handed transmission line. L and the left-hand capacitance C L Among them, A and B are intermediate parameters used to simplify the formula. CRLH (f1), Φ CRLH (f2) is the phase shift expected when designing a composite left-handed transmission line, so Φ CRLH (f1), Φ CRLH (f2) is a known quantity, so A and B are known quantities.

[0173] It should be noted that, to date, there is no precise theoretical calculation method that can accurately calculate the left-handed capacitance and inductance equivalent to the higher-order mode resonance induced by changing the dimensions of a conventional microstrip line. The left-handed capacitance and inductance values ​​calculated in the embodiments of this application are only approximate values, providing a theoretical basis and reference for simulation modeling. To obtain accurate phase shift results, it is necessary to continuously optimize the simulation model parameters based on the excited higher-order mode waveform.

[0174] An embodiment of the present application further provides a CRLH phase shifter, which includes a power divider, a traditional right-handed transmission line, and a composite left-right-handed transmission line. The composite left-right-handed transmission line is any of the above composite left-right-handed transmission lines.

[0175] The output ports of the power divider are respectively connected to the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission lines and the traditional right-handed transmission line; the length of the traditional right-handed transmission line is the same as the first length of the right-handed transmission line in the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line.

[0176] In a possible embodiment, the power divider is a microstrip power divider or a strip power divider.

[0177] Specifically, the Wilkinson power divider microstrip and strip models are first established. According to the pre-set center frequency of the phase shift band, the length of the λ / 4 transformation segment in the power divider model is calculated. The model substrate type is FR4, and the dielectric constant ε is selected. r =4.3, the modified transformation segment length is λ0 / 4, where

[0178] See also Figure 14 , is a structural schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider microstrip model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0179] Among them, the black square is the isolation resistor, a is the distance between the isolation resistor and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body in the x-axis direction, b is the distance between the upper and lower ends of the Wilkinson power divider body in the y-axis direction, and c is the distance between the input port and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body in the x-axis direction. The x-axis represents the horizontal direction, and the y-axis represents the vertical direction.

[0180] Furthermore, the modified transform segment length λ0 / 4=a+b+c.

[0181] See also Figure 15 , which is a structural schematic diagram of a microstrip power divider simulation stack provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0182] The gray portion is the FR4 model substrate, and the white portion is the copper plate. The figure shows the FR4 model substrate and copper plate structure on the combined x-axis and z-axis planes, with the x-axis representing the horizontal direction and the z-axis representing the vertical direction.

[0183] See also Figure 16 , is a structural diagram of a Wilkinson power divider strip model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0184] Among them, the black square is the isolation resistor, a is the distance between the isolation resistor and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body in the x-axis direction, b is the distance between the upper and lower ends of the Wilkinson power divider body in the y-axis direction, and c is the distance between the input port and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body in the x-axis direction. The x-axis represents the horizontal direction and the y-axis represents the vertical direction.

[0185] Furthermore, the modified transform segment length λ0 / 4=a+b+c.

[0186] See also Figure 17 , which is a structural diagram of a strip power divider simulation stack provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0187] The gray portion is the FR4 model substrate, and the white portion is the copper plate. The figure shows the FR4 model substrate and copper plate structure on the combined x-axis and z-axis plane, with the x-axis representing the horizontal direction and the z-axis representing the vertical direction.

[0188] Then, set the appropriate length d MS The right-hand transmission line is used as a reference, and a complete simulation model is established by combining a microstrip power divider or a strip power divider. Figure 18 shown.

[0189] See also Figure 18 , is a structural schematic diagram of a microstrip and strip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0190] Among them, in the three circular structures connected in series, the circular structure in the middle is the first chip capacitor, the circular structure on the left is the second chip capacitor, and the circular structure on the right is the third chip capacitor. The vertical strip structure between the circular structure on the left and the circular structure in the middle is the first grounding inductor, and the vertical strip structure between the circular structure in the middle and the circular structure on the right is the second grounding inductor. The part framed by the dotted line is the Wilkinson power divider, and the black square on the Wilkinson power divider is the isolation resistor.

[0191] Port1 is the common port of the model, Port2 is the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line port, and Port3 is the right-handed transmission line port. MS is the length of the right-hand transmission line, d 左手传输线 is the length of the left-hand transmission line, d MS +d 左手传输线 is the length of the composite left-handed transmission line, L l1 is the inductance of the first grounding inductor, L l2 is the inductance of the second ground inductor, C l1 is the capacitance value of the first chip capacitor, C l2 is the capacitance value of the first chip capacitor, C l3 is the capacitance value of the third chip capacitor.

[0192] To obtain accurate phase-shift results, the simulation model must be continuously optimized based on the excited higher-order mode waveforms. The following parameter sweep optimization is performed based on microstrip and strip phase-shift models to obtain accurate parameter values ​​and broadband phase-shift simulation results.

[0193] See also Figure 19 , is a schematic diagram of the model parameters of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0194] Among them, the length of the microstrip CRLH phase shifter model in the x-axis direction is 60 mm, the length in the y-axis direction is 40 mm, the radius of the first chip capacitor R2 = 1 mm, the radius of the second chip capacitor R1 = 1.6 mm, the radius of the third chip capacitor R1 = 1.6 mm, the ground via radius of the first ground inductor R3 = 0.05 mm, and the ground via radius of the second ground inductor R3 = 0.05 mm. The x-axis represents the horizontal direction, and the y-axis represents the vertical direction.

[0195] The distance between the second chip capacitor and the first ground inductor is 0.1mm, the distance between the second ground inductor and the third chip capacitor is 0.6mm, the length of the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor are both 7mm, the distance between the third chip capacitor and the left output port of the Wilkinson power divider on the x-axis is 10mm, the length of the right output port of the Wilkinson power divider on the x-axis is 5mm, the length between the right output port of the Wilkinson power divider and the Wilkinson power divider body on the y-axis is 3mm, the distance between the isolation resistor and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body on the x-axis is 2.8mm, the distance between the upper and lower ends of the Wilkinson power divider body on the y-axis is 3.5mm, the distance between the input port and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body on the x-axis is 3mm, and the distance between the input port of the Wilkinson power divider and the lower boundary of the microstrip CRLH phase shifter model is 3mm.

[0196] See also Figure 20 , is a diagram showing the relationship between the return loss and frequency of the standing wave at the port of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0197] Figure 20 The figure shows the relationship between the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter model over a frequency range of 0 GHz to 9.66 GHz and a return loss range of -70 dB to 0 dB. The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents return loss. At a frequency of 3.68 GHz, the three curves from top to bottom represent the relationship between the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of S1,1, the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of S3,3, and the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of S2,2. Here, S1,1 indicates that the receiving port is Port 1 and the transmitting port is Port 1, S2,2 indicates that the receiving port is Port 2 and the transmitting port is Port 2, and S3,3 indicates that the receiving port is Port 3 and the transmitting port is Port 3.

[0198] See also Figure 21 , is a diagram showing the relationship between the phase values ​​S21 and S31 and the frequency of a microstrip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0199] Figure 21The figure shows the relationship between the phase (°) and frequency (GHz) for the microstrip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 at frequencies from 0 GHz to 9.68 GHz and phases from -180° to 180°. The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents phase. At 2.64 GHz, the two lines from top to bottom represent the relationship between the phase (°) and frequency (GHz) for the microstrip CRLH phase shifter model S31 and the relationship between the phase (°) and frequency (GHz) for the microstrip CRLH phase shifter model S21. S2,1, also known as S21, indicates that the port receiving the signal is Port 2 and the port transmitting the signal is Port 1. S3,1, also known as S31, indicates that the port receiving the signal is Port 3 and the port transmitting the signal is Port 1.

[0200] See also Figure 22 , is a diagram showing the relationship between the phase difference and frequency between the microstrip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0201] Figure 22 Figure 1 shows the relationship between the phase difference (°) and frequency (GHz) between the microstrip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 at frequencies between 3 GHz and 5.88 GHz and phase differences between 55° and 65°. The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents phase difference. The "..." indicates fluctuations in the phase difference.

[0202] Depend on Figures 19-22 It can be seen that under the requirement of port standing wave less than -10dB, the microstrip CRLH phase shifter can achieve a high-precision phase difference of 61°±3° in the 3GHz-6GHz frequency band.

[0203] See also Figure 23 , is a schematic diagram of model parameters of a strip CRLH phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0204] Among them, the length of the strip CRLH phase shifter model in the x-axis direction is 26 mm, the length in the y-axis direction is 25 mm, the radius of the first chip capacitor R2 = 0.5 mm, the radius of the second chip capacitor R1 = 1 mm, the radius of the third chip capacitor R1 = 1 mm, the ground via radius R3 = 0.05 mm of the first ground inductor, and the ground via radius R3 = 0.05 mm of the second ground inductor. The x-axis represents the horizontal direction, and the y-axis represents the vertical direction.

[0205] The distance between the second chip capacitor and the first ground inductor is 0.1mm, the distance between the second ground inductor and the third chip capacitor is 0.7mm, the length of the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor are both 6mm, the distance between the third chip capacitor and the left output port of the Wilkinson power divider on the x-axis is 4mm, the length between the right output port of the Wilkinson power divider on the x-axis is 5mm, the length between the right output port of the Wilkinson power divider and the Wilkinson power divider body on the y-axis is 3mm, the distance between the isolation resistor and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body on the x-axis is 2.6mm, the distance between the upper and lower ends of the Wilkinson power divider body on the y-axis is 3mm, the distance between the input port and the right end of the Wilkinson power divider body on the x-axis is 2.8mm, and the distance between the input port of the Wilkinson power divider and the lower boundary of the strip CRLH phase shifter model is 3mm.

[0206] It should be noted that Figure 19 and Figure 23 The values ​​of the parameters in are only one possible embodiment, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the values ​​of the parameters.

[0207] See also Figure 24 , is a diagram showing the relationship between the return loss and frequency of the standing wave at the port of a strip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0208] Figure 24 The figure shows the relationship between the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of a strip CRLH phase shifter model over a frequency range of 0 GHz to 9.66 GHz and a return loss range of -45 dB to 0 dB. The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents return loss. At a frequency of 2.30 GHz, the three curves from top to bottom represent the relationship between the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of S3,3, the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of S1,1, and the return loss (dB) and frequency (GHz) for the standing wave at the port of S2,2. Here, S1,1 indicates that the receiving port is Port 1 and the transmitting port is Port 1, S2,2 indicates that the receiving port is Port 2 and the transmitting port is Port 2, and S3,3 indicates that the receiving port is Port 3 and the transmitting port is Port 3.

[0209] See also Figure 25 , is a diagram showing the relationship between the phase values ​​S21 and S31 and the frequency of a strip CRLH phase shifter model provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0210] Figure 25The figure shows the relationship between the phase (°) and frequency (GHz) for the strip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 at frequencies from 0 GHz to 9.68 GHz and phases from -180° to 180°. The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents phase. At a frequency of 3.52 GHz, the two lines from top to bottom represent the relationship between the phase (°) and frequency (GHz) for the strip CRLH phase shifter model S31 and the phase (°) and frequency (GHz) for the strip CRLH phase shifter model S21, respectively. S2,1, also known as S21, indicates that the port receiving the signal is Port 2 and the port transmitting the signal is Port 1. S3,1, also known as S31, indicates that the port receiving the signal is Port 3 and the port transmitting the signal is Port 1.

[0211] See also Figure 26 , is a diagram showing the relationship between the phase difference and frequency between the strip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0212] Figure 26 The figure shows the relationship between the phase difference (°) and frequency (GHz) between the strip CRLH phase shifter models S21 and S31 at frequencies between 3 GHz and 4.44 GHz and phase differences between 79° and 86°. The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents phase difference. The "..." indicates fluctuations in the phase difference.

[0213] Depend on Figure 23-26 It can be seen that under the requirement of port standing wave less than -10dB, the strip CRLH phase shifter can achieve a high-precision phase difference of 83°±2° in the 3GHz-4.5GHz frequency band.

[0214] Compared with the microstrip CRLH phase shifter, the phase shift bandwidth of the strip CRLH phase shifter is narrower, mainly because of the influence of the dielectric constant of the medium. When the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the strip line, the wavelength becomes shorter, so the corresponding phase shift band becomes narrower. The medium selected in the embodiment of the present application is FR4 material, whose relative dielectric constant ε r =4.3. If you want to increase the relative bandwidth of the strip CRLH phase shifter, you can choose a material with a lower dielectric constant.

[0215] An embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna, comprising a CRLH phase shifter, wherein the CRLH phase shifter is any of the above-mentioned CRLH phase shifters.

[0216] In the above embodiment, since a ground inductor and a chip capacitor are added to a traditional right-hand transmission line, the size of the traditional right-hand transmission line is changed, a high-order mode resonance is formed, and a left-hand transmission line is equivalent, thereby applying the left-hand transmission line to a CRLH phase shifter.

[0217] An embodiment of the present application also provides a base station, wherein the antenna installed in the base station is any of the above-mentioned antennas.

[0218] In the above embodiment, since a ground inductor and a chip capacitor are added to a traditional right-hand transmission line, the size of the traditional right-hand transmission line is changed, a high-order mode resonance is formed, and a left-hand transmission line is equivalent, thereby applying the left-hand transmission line to a CRLH phase shifter.

[0219] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

[0220] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0221] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner. Similar portions between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the CRLH phase shifter, antenna, and base station embodiments are generally similar to the composite left-handed transmission line embodiment, so their description is relatively simple. For related portions, refer to the description of the composite left-handed transmission line embodiment.

[0222] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application are included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A left-handed transmission line, characterized in that The left-hand transmission line includes a traditional right-hand transmission line, a first ground inductor, a second ground inductor, a first chip capacitor, a second chip capacitor, and a third chip capacitor, wherein the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor have the same inductance value, and the second chip capacitor and the third chip capacitor have the same capacitance value, which is equal to a preset multiple of the capacitance value of the first chip capacitor; One end of each grounded inductor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the traditional right-hand transmission line; The chip capacitors are arranged in series on the traditional right-hand transmission line; wherein the first chip capacitor is located between the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor on the traditional right-hand transmission line, the second chip capacitor is located on one side of the first ground inductor on the traditional right-hand transmission line and away from the second ground inductor, and the third chip capacitor is located on one side of the second ground inductor on the traditional right-hand transmission line and away from the first ground inductor.

2. The left-handed transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of each chip capacitor is the same as that of the traditional right-hand transmission line, and the traditional right-hand transmission line passes through the chip capacitor.

3. The left-handed transmission line according to claim 1, wherein The shape of each chip capacitor is circular.

4. The left-handed transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that A composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line is constructed based on the left-handed transmission line.

5. The left-handed transmission line according to claim 4, characterized in that The length of the composite left-handed transmission line is the sum of the first length of the right-handed transmission line and the second length of the left-handed transmission line in the composite left-handed transmission line; The second length is equivalent to a value calculated based on a left-handed inductance value and a left-handed capacitance value of the left-handed transmission line.

6. The left-handed transmission line according to claim 5, characterized in that The left-handed inductance value L of the left-handed transmission line L and the left-hand capacitance C L The left-hand inductance value is related to the inductance values ​​of the first ground inductor and the second ground inductor, and the left-hand capacitance value is related to the capacitance values ​​of the second chip capacitor and the third chip capacitor. Among them, L R and C R are the right-hand inductance and right-hand capacitance of the right-hand transmission line in the composite left-hand and right-hand transmission lines to be determined, respectively. L and C L are the left-hand inductance and left-hand capacitance of the left-hand transmission line to be determined, f1 is the known first fixed frequency point, f2 is the known second fixed frequency point, Φ CRLH (f1) is the phase shift of the composite left-handed transmission line at the first known fixed frequency point, Φ CRLH (f2) is the phase shift of the composite left-handed transmission line at a known second fixed frequency point.

7. A CRLH phase shifter, characterized in that: The composite left-right-handed CRLH phase shifter comprises a power divider, a traditional right-handed transmission line and a composite left-right-handed transmission line, wherein the composite left-right-handed transmission line is the composite left-right-handed transmission line according to any one of claims 4 to 6; The power divider output ports are connected to the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission lines and the traditional right-handed transmission line respectively; the length of the traditional right-handed transmission line is the same as the first length of the right-handed transmission line in the composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line.

8. The CRLH phase shifter according to claim 7, wherein: The power divider is a microstrip power divider or a strip power divider.

9. An antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises a composite left-right-handed CRLH phase shifter, and the CRLH phase shifter is the CRLH phase shifter according to claim 7 or 8.

10. A base station, characterized in that: The antenna installed in the base station is the antenna according to claim 9.

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