Bus converter, voltage regulator and power equipment

Abstract

A bus converter includes an inverter circuit including a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit. The first resonance circuit comprises a first capacitor. The autotransformer circuit comprises a first autotransformer, a third switching circuit, a fourth switching circuit and a first output end. The transformer circuit comprises a first transformer, a fifth switching circuit, a sixth switching circuit and a second output end; the first transformer comprises a third winding, a fourth winding and a fifth winding. After an input voltage passes through the bus converter, the bus converter can control the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit in the inverter circuit to be switched on or switched off, so that the input voltage is divided through the autotransformer circuit and is divided through the transformer circuit, and the bus voltage output by the bus converter is reduced; therefore, the bus voltage output by the bus converter is reduced as much as possible, the transformation ratio of the bus converter is improved, and the power efficiency of the POL converter connected with the output end is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic power technology, and in particular to a bus converter, a voltage regulator and power equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid advancement of information, communication, artificial intelligence (AI) and other technologies, the digital economy is developing rapidly, resulting in an explosive growth in the scale of data. As data centers for storing and computing data, their number, scale and power consumption are also increasing with the increase in data volume. The power supply link of a data center generally includes a power station, transmission lines, and the primary power circuit, secondary power circuit and tertiary power circuit inside the equipment. Among them, the primary power circuit, secondary power circuit and tertiary power circuit of the data center convert the input electrical signal in turn to provide power to various power-consuming devices in the data center. Typically, the secondary power circuit of a data center is an isolated full-bridge inductance inductance capacitance (LLC) converter. The full-bridge LLC converter in the related art has disadvantages such as a relatively large size and a low transformation ratio. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, embodiments of the present application provide a busbar converter comprising a switched capacitor structure, an autotransformer structure, and a transformer structure. This allows the busbar converter to combine the high power density of the switched capacitor structure with the high transformation ratio advantages of the transformer structure, thereby achieving the busbar converter's advantages of high transformation ratio, high power density, and high efficiency. Furthermore, the present application also provides a voltage regulator and power equipment corresponding to the busbar converter.

[0004] To this end, the following technical solutions are adopted in the embodiments of the present application:

[0005] In a first aspect, a bus converter is provided in an embodiment of the present application, comprising: a first inverter circuit, comprising a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit, the first switching circuit being connected in series with the second switching circuit, and the other end of the first switching circuit being electrically connected to the positive pole of a power supply; a first resonant circuit, comprising a first capacitor, one end of the first capacitor being electrically connected to a node between the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit for charging and discharging; a first autotransformer circuit, comprising a first autotransformer, a third switching circuit, a fourth switching circuit and a first output end; the first autotransformer comprising a first winding and a second winding; the first winding being connected in series with the second winding, and the other end of the second winding being electrically connected to the other end of the second switching circuit and one end of the third switching circuit, and the other end of the first winding being electrically connected to one end of the fourth switching circuit; The other end of the three switch circuits and the other end of the fourth switch circuit are both grounded; the node between the first winding and the second winding is electrically connected to the first output end; the first transformer circuit includes a first transformer, a fifth switch circuit, a sixth switch circuit and a second output end; the first transformer includes a third winding, a fourth winding and a fifth winding, one end of the third winding is electrically connected to the other end of the first capacitor, and the other end of the third winding is electrically connected to the other end of the first winding; the fourth winding and the fifth winding are connected in series, the other end of the fourth winding is electrically connected to one end of the fifth switch circuit, and the other end of the fifth winding is electrically connected to one end of the sixth switch circuit; the other end of the fifth switch circuit and the other end of the sixth switch circuit are both grounded; the node between the fourth winding and the fifth winding is electrically connected to the second output end.

[0006] In this embodiment, after the input voltage passes through the bus converter, the bus converter can control the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit in the inverter circuit to be turned on or off, so that the input voltage is divided by the autotransformer circuit and the transformer circuit, so that the bus voltage output by the bus converter is reduced, thereby reducing the bus voltage output by the bus converter as much as possible, thereby improving the transformation ratio of the bus converter, and further improving the power efficiency of the POL converter connected to the output end.

[0007] In one embodiment, the first resonant circuit further includes: a first inductor, which is arranged between the first capacitor and the third winding of the first transformer and is connected in series with the first capacitor to achieve soft switching.

[0008] In this embodiment, a first resonant circuit is added between the first inverter circuit and the transformer in the first transformer circuit. The capacitor and the inductor in the first resonant circuit are connected in series to form an LC resonant circuit to achieve soft switching.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit both include MOS transistors; or the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit both include MOS transistors and unidirectional diodes; the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is opposite to the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

[0010] In one embodiment, the third switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, and the sixth switch circuit all include MOS tubes; or the third switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, and the sixth switch circuit all include unidirectional diodes; or the third switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, and the sixth switch circuit all include MOS tubes and unidirectional diodes; the conduction direction of the MOS tube is the same as the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, and the fifth switch circuit are turned on simultaneously; and the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, and the sixth switch circuit are turned on simultaneously.

[0012] In this embodiment, the bus converter can alternately allow the first switch circuit, the third switch circuit and the fifth switch circuit to be turned on at the same time, and allow the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit and the sixth switch circuit to be turned on at the same time, and utilize the charging and discharging of the capacitor in the resonant circuit to allow the two parts of the divided electric energy to be output alternately, which can reduce the output voltage ripple and improve the power quality.

[0013] In one embodiment, the number of turns of the first winding is the same as the number of turns of the second winding.

[0014] In this embodiment, the two windings of the autotransformer have the same number of turns, so that the voltages of the two parts of electric energy alternately output by the bus converter remain consistent, thereby improving the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0015] In one embodiment, the number of turns of the fourth winding is the same as the number of turns of the fifth winding; and the number of turns of the fourth winding is half the number of turns of the third winding.

[0016] In this embodiment, the two secondary windings of the transformer have the same number of turns, which is half the number of turns of the primary winding, so that the voltages of the two parts of electrical energy alternately output by the bus converter remain consistent, thereby improving the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0017] In one embodiment, the invention further includes: a second capacitor, one end of the second capacitor is connected to the ground, and the other end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the first output end.

[0018] In this embodiment, a capacitor is added to the first autotransformer circuit and electrically connected between the first output terminal and the ground line, so that the bus voltage Vbus output from the first output terminal can be filtered to improve the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0019] In one embodiment, the invention further includes: a third capacitor, one end of the third capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the second output end.

[0020] In this embodiment, a capacitor is added to the first transformer circuit and electrically connected between the second output terminal and the ground line. The bus voltage Vbus output from the second output terminal can be filtered to improve the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first winding, the second winding, the third winding, the fourth winding and the fifth winding share a magnetic core assembly; the magnetic core assembly is a four-magnetic core; the first winding and the second winding are both nested on one of the two middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the four magnetic columns; the third winding, the fourth winding and the fifth winding are all nested on the other of the two middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the four magnetic columns.

[0022] In this embodiment, the first transformer and the first autotransformer can share a magnetic core assembly, and the windings of the first transformer and the windings of the first autotransformer are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core assembly, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter, reduce the output voltage ripple, and improve the power quality.

[0023] In one embodiment, the invention further includes: a second inverter circuit, including a seventh switching circuit and an eighth switching circuit, the seventh switching circuit and the eighth switching circuit being connected in series, and the other end of the seventh switching circuit being electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply; a second resonant circuit, including a fourth capacitor, one end of the fourth capacitor being electrically connected to the node between the seventh switching circuit and the eighth switching circuit for charging and discharging; a second autotransformer circuit, including a second autotransformer, a ninth switching circuit, a tenth switching circuit and a third output end; the second autotransformer including a sixth winding and a seventh winding; the sixth winding and the seventh winding being connected in series, and the other end of the seventh winding being electrically connected to the other end of the eighth switching circuit and one end of the ninth switching circuit, and the other end of the sixth winding being electrically connected to one end of the tenth switching circuit; the other end of the ninth switching circuit The first end and the other end of the tenth switch circuit are both grounded; the node between the sixth winding and the seventh winding is electrically connected to the third output terminal; a second transformer circuit, including a second transformer, an eleventh switch circuit, a twelfth switch circuit and a fourth output terminal; the second transformer includes an eighth winding, a ninth winding and a tenth winding, one end of the eighth winding is electrically connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor, and the other end of the eighth winding is electrically connected to the other end of the sixth winding; the ninth winding is connected in series with the tenth winding, the other end of the ninth winding is electrically connected to one end of the eleventh switch circuit, and the other end of the tenth winding is electrically connected to one end of the twelfth switch circuit; the other end of the eleventh switch circuit and the other end of the twelfth switch circuit are both grounded; the node between the ninth winding and the tenth winding is electrically connected to the fourth output terminal.

[0024] In this embodiment, a second inverter circuit, a second autotransformer circuit, and a second transformer circuit are added to the bus converter. These phase-change circuits are connected in parallel with the phase-change circuits formed by the first inverter circuit, the first autotransformer circuit, and the first transformer circuit, doubling the bus converter's output current. This doubles the bus converter's output power, enabling it to power higher-power electronic devices and increase its processing power.

[0025] In one embodiment, the second resonant circuit further includes: a second inductor, which is arranged between the fourth capacitor and the eighth winding of the second transformer and is connected in series with the fourth capacitor to achieve soft switching.

[0026] In this embodiment, a second resonant circuit is added between the second inverter circuit and the transformer in the second transformer circuit. The capacitor and the inductor in the second resonant circuit are connected in series to form an LC resonant circuit to achieve soft switching.

[0027] In one embodiment, the first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, the eighth switch circuit, the tenth switch circuit and the twelfth switch circuit are turned on at the same time; the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the sixth switch circuit, the seventh switch circuit, the ninth switch circuit and the eleventh switch circuit are turned on at the same time.

[0028] In this embodiment, the bus converter can alternately allow the first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, the eighth switch circuit, the tenth switch circuit and the twelfth switch circuit to be turned on at the same time, and allow the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the sixth switch circuit, the seventh switch circuit, the ninth switch circuit and the eleventh switch circuit to be turned on at the same time, and utilize the charging and discharging of the capacitor in the resonant circuit to alternately output the two parts of electric energy after voltage division by the two phase change circuits, thereby reducing the output voltage ripple and improving the power quality.

[0029] In one embodiment, the number of turns of the first winding, the number of turns of the second winding, the number of turns of the sixth winding, and the number of turns of the seventh winding are the same.

[0030] In this embodiment, the two windings of the two autotransformers have the same number of turns, so that the voltages of the two parts of electric energy alternately output by the bus converter remain consistent, thereby improving the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0031] In one embodiment, the number of coil turns of the third winding is the same as the number of coil turns of the eighth winding; the number of coil turns of the fourth winding, the number of coil turns of the fifth winding, the number of coil turns of the ninth winding and the number of coil turns of the tenth winding are the same; the number of coil turns of the fourth winding is half the number of coil turns of the third winding.

[0032] In this embodiment, the two secondary windings of the two transformers have the same number of turns, which is half the number of turns of the primary winding, so that the voltages of the two parts of electric energy alternately output by the bus converter remain consistent, thereby improving the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0033] In one embodiment, the invention further includes: a fifth capacitor, one end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected to the third output end.

[0034] In this embodiment, a capacitor is added to the second autotransformer circuit and electrically connected between the third output terminal and the ground line. The bus voltage Vbus output from the third output terminal can be filtered to improve the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0035] In one embodiment, the invention further includes: a sixth capacitor, one end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the sixth capacitor is electrically connected to the fourth output end.

[0036] In this embodiment, a capacitor is added to the second transformer circuit and electrically connected between the fourth output terminal and the ground line. The bus voltage Vbus output from the fourth output terminal can be filtered to improve the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first winding, the second winding, the third winding, the fourth winding, the fifth winding, the sixth winding, the seventh winding, the eighth winding, the ninth winding and the tenth winding share a magnetic core component; the magnetic core component is a three-magnetic core; the first winding and the second winding are both nested on one of the two magnetic columns on the side of the three-magnetic core; the sixth winding and the seventh winding are both nested on the other of the two magnetic columns on the side of the three-magnetic core; the third winding, the fourth winding, the fifth winding, the eighth winding, the ninth winding and the tenth winding are all nested on the middle magnetic column in the three-magnetic core.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first transformer, the second transformer, the first autotransformer and the second autotransformer can share a magnetic core component, and the windings of the first transformer, the windings of the second transformer, the windings of the first autotransformer and the windings of the second autotransformer are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core component, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter, reduce the output voltage ripple, and improve the power quality.

[0039] In one embodiment, the present invention further includes: a third inverter circuit, including a thirteenth switch circuit and a fourteenth switch circuit, the thirteenth switch circuit and the fourteenth switch circuit are connected in series, and the other end of the thirteenth switch circuit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the fourteenth switch circuit is electrically connected to the other end of the first winding; a third resonant circuit, including a seventh capacitor, one end of the seventh capacitor is electrically connected to the node between the thirteenth switch circuit and the fourteenth switch circuit for charging and discharging; a third transformer circuit, including a third transformer, a fifteenth switch circuit, a sixteenth switch circuit and a fifth output terminal; the first The three transformers include an eleventh winding, a twelfth winding and a thirteenth winding, one end of the eleventh winding is electrically connected to the other end of the seventh capacitor, and the other end of the eleventh winding is electrically connected to the other end of the second winding; the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding are connected in series, the other end of the twelfth winding is electrically connected to one end of the fifteenth switching circuit, and the other end of the thirteenth winding is electrically connected to one end of the sixteenth switching circuit; the other end of the fifteenth switching circuit and the other end of the sixteenth switching circuit are both grounded; the node between the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding is electrically connected to the fifth output end.

[0040] In this embodiment, a third inverter circuit and a third transformer circuit are added to the bus converter. The phase change circuit formed by the third inverter circuit, the first autotransformer circuit, and the third transformer circuit is connected in parallel with the phase change circuit formed by the first inverter circuit, the first autotransformer circuit, and the first transformer circuit, thereby doubling the output current of the bus converter. Consequently, the output power of the bus converter is doubled, enabling it to power higher-power electronic devices and increase the level of processing power. Furthermore, the two phase change circuits can share the autotransformer circuit, simplifying the circuit structure of the bus converter and reducing the cost of the bus converter.

[0041] In one embodiment, the third resonant circuit further includes: a third inductor, which is arranged between the seventh capacitor and the eleventh winding of the third transformer and is connected in series with the seventh capacitor to achieve soft switching.

[0042] In this embodiment, a third resonant circuit is added between the third inverter circuit and the transformer in the third transformer circuit. The capacitor and inductor in the third resonant circuit are connected in series to form an LC resonant circuit to achieve soft switching.

[0043] In one embodiment, the first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, the fourteenth switch circuit, and the fifteenth switch circuit are turned on simultaneously; the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the sixth switch circuit, the thirteenth switch circuit, and the sixteenth switch circuit are turned on simultaneously.

[0044] In this embodiment, the bus converter can alternately allow the first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, the fourteenth switch circuit and the fifteenth switch circuit to be turned on at the same time, and allow the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the sixth switch circuit, the thirteenth switch circuit and the sixteenth switch circuit to be turned on at the same time, and utilize the charging and discharging of the capacitor in the resonant circuit to allow the two parts of the electric energy after the two phase change circuits to be divided to be output alternately, which can reduce the output voltage ripple and improve the power quality.

[0045] In one embodiment, the number of coil turns of the third winding is the same as the number of coil turns of the eleventh winding; the number of coil turns of the fourth winding, the number of coil turns of the fifth winding, the number of coil turns of the twelfth winding and the number of coil turns of the thirteenth winding are the same; the number of coil turns of the fourth winding is half the number of coil turns of the third winding.

[0046] In this embodiment, the two secondary windings of the two transformers have the same number of turns, which is half the number of turns of the primary winding, so that the voltages of the two parts of electric energy alternately output by the bus converter remain consistent, thereby improving the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0047] In one embodiment, the invention further includes: an eighth capacitor, one end of the eighth capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the eighth capacitor is electrically connected to the fifth output terminal.

[0048] In this embodiment, a capacitor is added to the third transformer circuit and electrically connected between the fifth output terminal and the ground line. The bus voltage Vbus output from the fifth output terminal can be filtered to improve the stability of the bus voltage output by the bus converter.

[0049] In one embodiment, the first winding, the second winding, the third winding, the fourth winding, the fifth winding, the eleventh winding, the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding share a magnetic core assembly; the magnetic core assembly is a five-magnetic core; the third winding, the fourth winding and the fifth winding are all nested on the first magnetic column among the three middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns; the first winding and the second winding are both nested on the second magnetic column among the three middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns; the eleventh winding, the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding are all nested on the third magnetic column among the three middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first transformer, the second transformer and the first autotransformer can share a magnetic core assembly, and the windings of the first transformer, the windings of the second transformer and the windings of the first autotransformer are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core assembly, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter, reduce the output voltage ripple, and improve the power quality.

[0051] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a voltage regulator VR, comprising: a plurality of point-of-load (POL) converters; and at least one bus converter that can be implemented in accordance with the first aspect, wherein the output end of each bus converter is electrically connected to at least one POL converter for providing an electrical signal for setting a voltage value.

[0052] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a mainboard, comprising: a plurality of electronic devices; and at least one voltage regulator that may be implemented in each of the second aspects, each voltage regulator being electrically connected to at least one electronic device, respectively, for providing a stable voltage of a set power to the electronic device.

[0053] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: at least one motherboard that may be implemented in each of the third aspects, the motherboard comprising at least one voltage regulator, each of the voltage regulators being electrically connected to at least one electronic device for providing an electrical signal for a set voltage.

[0054] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a busbar architecture comprising: a power supply, a power line, and at least one power device. The power supply is electrically connected to the power device via the power line to provide power to each power device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for describing the embodiments or prior art.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a power supply link in the related art;

[0057] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a bipolar VR architecture in related technology;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a circuit topology diagram of the first bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of the PWM signals input from the controller provided in an embodiment of the present application to the respective switching tubes of the first bus converter;

[0060] FIG5( a ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of a first bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in a working state;

[0061] FIG5( b ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of the first bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in another working state;

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a method for integrating the magnetic core in the first busbar converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection method of the coil windings of the transformer and the autotransformer in the first bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 8 This is a circuit topology diagram of the second bus converter provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 9 This is a timing diagram of the PWM signals input from the controller provided in an embodiment of the present application to the respective switching tubes of the second bus converter;

[0066] FIG10( a ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of a second bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in one working state;

[0067] FIG10( b ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of the second bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in another working state;

[0068] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of a second method of integrating the magnetic core in a busbar converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the connection method of the coil windings of the transformer and the autotransformer in the second bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 13 This is a circuit topology diagram of the third bus converter provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Figure 14 This is a timing diagram of the PWM signals input from the controller provided in an embodiment of the present application to the respective switching tubes of the third bus converter;

[0072] FIG15( a ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of a third bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in one working state;

[0073] FIG15( b ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of the third bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in another working state;

[0074] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the third method of integrating the magnetic core in the bus converter provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the connection method of the coil windings of the transformer and the autotransformer in the third bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 18 This is a circuit topology diagram of the fourth bus converter provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0077] Figure 19 This is a timing diagram of the PWM signals input from the controller provided in an embodiment of the present application to the respective switching tubes of the fourth bus converter;

[0078] FIG20( a ) is a schematic diagram of a circuit conduction of a fourth bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in one working state;

[0079] Figure 20(b) is a circuit conduction diagram of the fourth bus converter provided in an embodiment of the present application in another working state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0081] The term "and / or" as used herein describes an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. The symbol " / " as used herein indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship, for example, A / B means either A or B.

[0082] The terms "first" and "second" in this specification and claims are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first response message" and "second response message" are used to distinguish different response messages rather than to describe a specific order of response messages.

[0083] In the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0084] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more, for example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units, etc.; multiple elements means two or more elements, etc.

[0085] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply link architecture in related technologies. Figure 1 As shown, the power supply link includes a transformer, a power distribution unit (PDU), a power supply unit (PSU), a direct current / direct current (DC / DC) converter and a motherboard.

[0086] The 4160V alternating current (AC) provided by a power station or power system is stepped down by a transformer to produce 480V / 227V AC. After the 480V / 227V AC output by the transformer passes through the PDU, the PDU centrally manages and distributes the input AC to various locally connected devices. After the PSU receives the AC distributed by the PDU, the internal alternating current / direct current (AC / DC) converter converts the AC into direct current (DC), and the internal DC / DC converter converts the DC into stable DC, converting the input AC into a stable 48V DC. The 48V DC output by the PSU can be converted into DC of other voltage values ​​through a DC / DC converter to charge the battery and power various devices. The 48V DC output by the PSU can be input into the motherboard to power various devices on the mainboard.

[0087] Motherboards typically include multiple voltage regulators (VRs). A VR is a circuit used to stabilize and regulate voltage. It adjusts the output voltage based on changes in the input voltage to ensure that connected devices operate within the appropriate voltage range. For example, after receiving 48V DC, the motherboard can use the VR to convert the 48V DC into 1.3-1.8V DC with a current greater than 250A to power the central processing unit (CPU). For another example, after receiving 48V DC, the motherboard can use the VR to convert the 48V DC into 0.6-1.0V DC with a current greater than 300A to power the graphics processing unit (GPU). For another example, after receiving 48V DC, the motherboard can use the VR to convert the 48V DC into 1.2V DC with a current greater than 100A to power double data rate (DDR) dynamic random access memory.

[0088] VRs in related technologies can be categorized as unipolar and bipolar. Unipolar VRs directly adjust the bus voltage to the desired value. Bipolar VRs consist of a front-end section, which converts the bus voltage to a lower voltage, and a back-end section, which adjusts the lower voltage to the desired value. Compared to bipolar VRs, unipolar VRs have higher requirements for the internal transformer ratio and the converter's operating state.

[0089] With the maturity of low voltage and high current point of load (POL) technology, bipolar VR is increasingly valued by manufacturers. Figure 2 As shown, the front-stage portion of a two-pole VR generally uses a bus converter of a non-isolated direct current transformer (DCX), and the back-stage portion generally uses a POL converter with different output voltages.

[0090] To improve the power efficiency of the POL converter, the bus voltage Vbus output by the bus converter can be minimized. The lower the bus voltage Vbus output by the bus converter, the higher the transformation ratio of the bus converter is required. The higher the transformation ratio of the bus converter, the larger the bus converter volume and the higher the loss. As existing electronic devices are developing towards miniaturization, the space reserved for installing VR on the circuit boards inside the electronic devices is relatively small, so designing a small-volume, high-transformation-ratio bus converter is currently an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0091] In order to solve the defects of the bus converter in the related art, the embodiment of the present application provides a new bus converter, including a switching capacitor structure, an auto transformer structure and a transformer structure, so that the bus transformer has the high power density characteristics of the switching capacitor structure and the advantage of the transformer structure of easily achieving a high transformation ratio, thereby realizing the advantages of the bus converter with a high transformation ratio, high power density and high efficiency.

[0092] Figure 3 This is a circuit topology diagram of the first bus converter provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the bus converter 300 includes an inverter circuit 310 , a resonant circuit 320 , an autotransformer circuit 330 and a transformer circuit 340 .

[0093] Inverter circuit 310 includes a switch circuit Q1 and a switch circuit Q2. One end of switch circuit Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply, and the other end of switch circuit Q1 is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q2. Switch circuits Q1 and Q2 are connected in series to form a half-bridge circuit.

[0094] Optionally, the bus converter 300 further includes a capacitor C0. Capacitor C0 is disposed between the input terminal of the bus converter 300 and the inverter circuit 310. Specifically, one end of capacitor C0 is electrically connected between the positive input terminal of the bus converter 300 and one end of the switching circuit Q1, and the other end of capacitor C0 is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the bus converter 300. Capacitor C0 can filter the voltage input to the bus converter 300, thereby making the input voltage relatively stable.

[0095] The resonant circuit 320 includes a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1. One end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the node between the series-connected switching circuit Q1 and the switching circuit Q2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to one end of the inductor L1. The capacitor C1 and the inductor L1 are connected in series to form an LC resonant circuit to achieve soft switching. The LC resonant circuit can change the frequency of the input electrical signal and output an electrical signal of a set frequency. In the embodiment of the present application, when the resonant circuit 320 adjusts the operating frequency of the bus converter 300 to the set frequency fr, the working state of the bus converter 300 can be adjusted to the optimal state. The set frequency fr can be calculated according to formula (1) as follows:

[0096]

[0097] The autotransformer circuit 330 and the transformer circuit 340 are connected in series between the other end of the switch circuit Q2 and the other end of the inductor L1. The topology of the autotransformer circuit 330 and the transformer circuit 340 is as follows:

[0098] The autotransformer circuit 330 includes an autotransformer AT, a switch circuit Q3, a switch circuit Q4, and an output terminal 1. The autotransformer AT includes two windings, namely, winding W1 and winding W2. One end of winding W1 is electrically connected to one end of winding W2, forming a series connection between windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT. The other end of winding W1 is electrically connected to one end of the switch circuit Q4. The other end of winding W2 is electrically connected to the other end of switch circuit Q2 and one end of switch circuit Q3 of the inverter circuit 310. The other ends of switch circuit Q3 and switch circuit Q4 are both connected to ground (GND). The node between windings W1 and W2 is electrically connected to the output terminal 1.

[0099] Optionally, the autotransformer circuit 330 further includes a capacitor C2. Capacitor C2 is disposed between the output terminal 1 and the ground line. Specifically, one end of capacitor C2 is connected to the ground line, and the other end of capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the output terminal 1. Capacitor C2 can filter the bus voltage Vbus outputted from the output terminal 1, thereby making the bus voltage Vbus relatively stable.

[0100] Transformer circuit 340 includes a transformer T, a switch circuit Q5, a switch circuit Q6, and an output terminal 2. Transformer T includes coil windings T1, T2, and T3. Coil winding T1 can serve as the primary winding (or secondary winding) of transformer T, and coil winding T2 and T3 are connected in series to serve as the secondary winding (or primary winding) of transformer T. Transformer T includes ports 1, 2, 3, and 4. Port 1 of transformer T is electrically connected to the other end of inductor L1 of resonant circuit 320. Port 2 of transformer T is electrically connected to the other end of winding W1 of autotransformer AT of autotransformer circuit 330. Port 3 of transformer T is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q5. Port 4 of transformer T is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q6. The other ends of switch circuit Q5 and switch circuit Q6 are both grounded. The node between coil windings T2 and T3 is electrically connected to output terminal 2.

[0101] Optionally, transformer circuit 340 further includes capacitor C3. Capacitor C3 is disposed between output terminal 2 and ground. Specifically, one end of capacitor C3 is connected to ground, and the other end of capacitor C3 is electrically connected to output terminal 2. Capacitor C3 can filter the bus voltage Vbus outputted from output terminal 2, thereby making bus voltage Vbus relatively stable.

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuit Q1 and the switch circuit Q2 have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuit Q1 and the switch circuit Q2 may each include a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) (referred to as "MOS transistor").

[0103] In another embodiment, the switch circuit Q1 and the switch circuit Q2 may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode, wherein the MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is opposite to that of the unidirectional diode.

[0104] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 may each include a MOS transistor.

[0105] In another embodiment, the switch circuit Q3 , the switch circuit Q4 , the switch circuit Q5 , and the switch circuit Q6 may each include a unidirectional diode.

[0106] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode, wherein the MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is the same as that of the unidirectional diode.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the conduction directions of the switch circuits Q1, Q3, and Q5 are the same, and the conduction directions of the switch circuits Q2, Q4, and Q6 are the same. Furthermore, the conduction directions of the switch circuits Q1, Q3, and Q5 are opposite to the conduction directions of the switch circuits Q2, Q4, and Q6.

[0108] The following describes the circuit control process by taking the example of switch circuit Q1, switch circuit Q2, switch circuit Q3, switch circuit Q4, switch circuit Q5 and switch circuit Q6 each consisting of a MOS tube and a unidirectional diode.

[0109] In the embodiment of the present application, the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6 can all be electrically connected to a processor. The processor can input a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to the gate of the MOS transistors of each switch circuit to control the bus converter 300 to output different bus voltages Vbus.

[0110] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of the input PWM signal from the controller provided in the embodiment of the present application to each switch tube of the first bus converter. Figure 4 As shown, in one switching cycle, during the time period t0-t1, the controller can simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switching circuit Q1, the MOS transistors of the switching circuit Q3, and the MOS transistors of the switching circuit Q5, so that the MOS transistors of the switching circuit Q1, the MOS transistors of the switching circuit Q3, and the MOS transistors of the switching circuit Q5 are turned on at the same time.

[0111] During the time period t2-t3, the controller can simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6 are turned on at the same time.

[0112] The time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5 differs from the time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6 by half a cycle.

[0113] In one embodiment, time t1 and time t2 are different moments. The controller reserves a certain dead time between switching from sending a PWM signal to one MOS transistor to sending a PWM signal to another MOS transistor, allowing the two MOS transistors to achieve soft switching. At this time, the duration of the PWM signal sent by the controller to the MOS transistors in each switching circuit is less than half a cycle.

[0114] As shown in Figure 5(a), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1, switch circuit Q3, and switch circuit Q5 to turn on simultaneously, the input voltage Vin passes through the resonant circuit 320 and charges the capacitor C1 in the resonant circuit 320. Since output terminals 1 and 2 of the bus converter 300 are connected in parallel and are both electrically connected to the load, the output voltage at output terminal 1 is the same as the output voltage at output terminal 2, both being V0. If windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT have the same number of turns, coil windings T2 and T3 of the transformer T have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between coil windings T1 and T3 of the transformer T is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0115] Vin=Vfr+NV0+2V0 (2)

[0116] Wherein, Vfr is the voltage of capacitor C1, V0 is the load voltage, and N is the turns ratio of coil winding T1 to coil winding T3 of transformer T.

[0117] As shown in FIG5(b), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q2, switch circuit Q4, and switch circuit Q6 to turn on simultaneously, capacitor C1 in resonant circuit 320 discharges. If windings W1 and W2 of autotransformer AT have the same number of turns, coil windings T2 and T3 of transformer T have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between coil windings T1 and T3 of transformer T is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0118] Vfr=NV0+2V0 (3)

[0119] The gain of the bus converter 300 is Vin / V0. According to formula (2) and formula (3), the gain of the bus converter 300 can be calculated as follows:

[0120]

[0121] If the manufacturer designs the bus converter 300 with a gain of 8:1, the turns ratio of the coil winding T1 to the coil winding T3 of the transformer T in the bus converter 300 can be designed to be 2 according to formula (4). To improve the power density of the bus converter 300, the manufacturer can decouple and integrate the transformer T and the magnetic core components of the autotransformer AT in the bus converter 300 to reduce the volume of the bus converter 300 and reduce the losses of the bus converter 300.

[0122] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the magnetic core integration method in the first busbar converter provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 6In the conventional bus converter 300 shown in (a), the magnetic core of the transformer T and the magnetic core of the autotransformer AT are independent components, which makes the bus converter 300 relatively large in size and has relatively large losses. Figure 6 In the bus converter 300 shown in (b), the transformer T and the autotransformer AT can share a magnetic core component, and the windings of the transformer T and the windings of the autotransformer AT are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core component, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter 300 and reduce the loss of the bus converter 300.

[0123] like Figure 7 As shown, the magnetic core assembly can be a four-column magnetic core. Among them, the windings T1, T2 and T3 of the transformer T are all nested on the first middle magnetic column of the four-column magnetic core. The windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT are both nested on the second middle magnetic column of the four-column magnetic core. In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the magnetic core assembly is not limited to Figure 7 The four-magnetic-pillar structure shown can also be other structures, such as a two-magnetic-pillar structure, a three-magnetic-pillar structure, etc.

[0124] Because windings T1, T2, and T3 of transformer T have the same nested magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1, T2, and T3 of transformer T is the same. If the turns ratio of windings T1, T2, and T3 of transformer T is 2:1:1, the voltage ratio through windings T1, T2, and T3 is 2:1:1. Because windings W1 and W2 of autotransformer AT have the same nested magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings W1 and W2 of autotransformer AT is the same. If the turns ratio of windings W1 and W2 of autotransformer AT is 1:1, the voltage ratio through windings W1 and W2 of autotransformer AT is 1:1.

[0125] Figure 8 This is a circuit topology diagram of the second bus converter provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, the bus converter 800 includes an inverter circuit 810A, an inverter circuit 810B, a resonant circuit 820A, a resonant circuit 820B, an autotransformer circuit 830A, an autotransformer circuit 830B, a transformer circuit 840A, and a transformer circuit 840B.

[0126] Among them, the inverter circuit 810A, the resonant circuit 820A, the autotransformer circuit 830A and the transformer circuit 840A can constitute Figure 3 The bus converter 300 shown is hereinafter referred to as "phase change circuit A". The connection mode of each component in the phase change circuit A is similar to Figure 3 The connection method of each component in the bus converter 300 shown is the same.

[0127] The inverter circuit 810B, the resonant circuit 820B, the autotransformer circuit 830B and the transformer circuit 840B can constitute Figure 3 The bus converter 300 shown is hereinafter referred to as "phase change circuit B". The connection mode of each component in the phase change circuit B is similar to Figure 3 The connection method of each component in the bus converter 300 shown is the same.

[0128] Phase change circuit A and phase change circuit B are electrically connected in parallel to the positive electrode of the input power supply. Output terminal 1a of phase change circuit A, output terminal 2a of phase change circuit A, output terminal 1b of phase change circuit B, and output terminal 2b of phase change circuit B are all electrically connected to the load.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b may each include a MOS transistor.

[0130] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode, wherein the MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is opposite to the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

[0131] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a MOS transistor.

[0132] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a unidirectional diode.

[0133] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode. The MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is the same as that of the unidirectional diode.

[0134] In the embodiment of the present application, in phase change circuit A, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1a, Q3a, and Q5a are the same, and the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2a, Q4a, and Q6a are the same. Furthermore, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1a, Q3a, and Q5a are opposite to the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2a, Q4a, and Q6a.

[0135] Similarly, in phase change circuit B, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1b, Q3b, and Q5b are the same, and the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2b, Q4b, and Q6b are the same. Furthermore, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1b, Q3b, and Q5b are opposite to those of switch circuits Q2b, Q4b, and Q6b.

[0136] The following describes the circuit control process by taking the example of switch circuit Q1a, switch circuit Q2a, switch circuit Q3a, switch circuit Q4a, switch circuit Q5a, switch circuit Q6a, switch circuit Q1b, switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3b, switch circuit Q4b, switch circuit Q5b and switch circuit Q6b, each consisting of a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode.

[0137] In the embodiment of the present application, the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q3a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q4b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q5a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q5b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q6a, and the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q6b can all be electrically connected to a processor. The processor can input PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of each switch circuit to control the bus converter 800 to output different bus voltages Vbus.

[0138] Figure 9 This is a timing diagram of the input PWM signal from the controller provided in the embodiment of the present application to each switch tube of the second bus converter. Figure 9As shown, in one switching cycle, during the time period t0-t1, the controller may simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuits Q1a, Q2b, Q3a, Q4b, Q5a, and Q6b, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuits Q1a, Q2b, Q3a, Q4b, Q5a, and Q6b are turned on simultaneously.

[0139] During the time period t2-t3, the controller may simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a are simultaneously turned on.

[0140] The time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b differs from the time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a by half a cycle.

[0141] In one embodiment, time t1 and time t2 are different moments. The controller reserves a certain dead time between switching from sending a PWM signal to one MOS transistor to sending a PWM signal to another MOS transistor, allowing the two MOS transistors to achieve soft switching. At this time, the duration of the PWM signal sent by the controller to the MOS transistors in each switching circuit is less than half a cycle.

[0142] Take phase change circuit A as an example. As shown in Figure 10(a), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1a, switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3a, switch circuit Q4b, switch circuit Q5a, and switch circuit Q6b to turn on simultaneously, the input voltage Vin passes through the resonant circuit 820A and charges the capacitor C1a in the resonant circuit 820A. Since the output terminals 1a and 2a of the bus converter 800 are connected in parallel and are both electrically connected to the load, the output voltage at output terminal 1a is the same as the output voltage at output terminal 2a, both being V0. If the windings W1a and W2a of the autotransformer AT have the same number of turns, the coil windings T2a and T3a of the transformer Ta have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between the coil windings T1a and T3a of the transformer Ta is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0143] Vin=Vfr+NV0+2V0 (5)

[0144] As shown in FIG10( b ), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuits Q1b, Q2a, Q3b, Q4a, Q5b, and Q6a to simultaneously turn on, capacitor C1a in resonant circuit 820A discharges. If windings W1a and W2a of autotransformer ATa have the same number of turns, windings W1b and W2b of autotransformer ATb have the same number of turns, coil windings T1a and T1b of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, coil windings T2a, T3a, T2b, and T3 of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between coil windings T1a and T1b of transformer Ta is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0145] Vfr=NV0+2V0 (6)

[0146] The gain of the bus converter 800 is Vin / V0. According to formula (5) and formula (6), the gain of the bus converter 800 can be calculated as follows:

[0147]

[0148] At the same time, in phase change circuit B, when the controller sends PWM signals to the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q4b, and switch circuit Q6b, the relationship between the voltages is the same as formula (6). When the controller sends PWM signals to the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1b, switch circuit Q3b, and switch circuit Q5b, the relationship between the voltages is the same as formula (5).

[0149] If the manufacturer designs the bus converter 800 with a gain of 8:1, according to formula (7), the turns ratio of the coil winding T1a to the coil winding T3a of the transformer Ta in the bus converter 800 can be designed to be 2. To improve the power density of the bus converter 800, the manufacturer can decouple and integrate the magnetic core components of the transformer Ta, transformer Tb, autotransformer ATa, and autotransformer ATb in the bus converter 800 to reduce the volume of the bus converter 800 and reduce the losses of the bus converter 800.

[0150] Compared to bus converter 300, the bus voltage Vbus output by bus converter 800 is the same as the bus voltage Vbus output by bus converter 300, and the bus current Ibus output by bus converter 800 is twice the bus current Ibus output by bus converter 300. Therefore, the output power of bus converter 800 is twice the output power of bus converter 300, and can power higher-power electronic devices to increase the level of processing power.

[0151] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the magnetic core integration method in the second busbar converter provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 11 In the conventional bus converter 800 shown in (a), the magnetic cores of the transformer Ta, the transformer Tb, the autotransformer ATa, and the autotransformer ATb are independent components, which makes the bus converter 800 relatively large in size and has relatively large losses. Figure 11 In the bus converter 800 shown in (b), the magnetic core of the transformer Ta, the magnetic core of the transformer Tb, the magnetic core of the autotransformer ATa and the magnetic core of the autotransformer ATb can share a magnetic core assembly, and the windings of the transformer Ta, the windings of the transformer Tb, the windings of the autotransformer ATa and the windings of the autotransformer ATb are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core assembly, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter 800 and reduce the loss of the bus converter 800.

[0152] like Figure 12As shown, the magnetic core assembly can be a magnetic core with three magnetic columns. Among them, the winding T1a, winding T2a and winding T3a of the transformer Ta are all nested on the middle magnetic column of the magnetic core with three magnetic columns. The winding T1b, winding T2b and winding T3b of the transformer Tb are all nested on the middle magnetic column of the magnetic core with three magnetic columns. The winding W1a and winding W2a of the autotransformer ATa are both nested on the first side magnetic column of the magnetic core with three magnetic columns. The winding W1b and winding W2b of the autotransformer ATb are both nested on the second side magnetic column of the magnetic core with three magnetic columns. In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the magnetic core assembly is not limited to Figure 12 The three-magnetic-pillar structure shown can also be other structures, such as a four-magnetic-pillar structure, a five-magnetic-pillar structure, etc.

[0153] Because windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta is the same. If the turns ratio of windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta is 2:1:1, the voltage ratio through windings T1a, T2a, and T3a is 2:1:1. Because windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb is the same. If the turns ratio of windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb is 2:1:1, the voltage ratio through windings T1b, T2b, and T3b is 2:1:1. Because windings W1a and W2a of autotransformer ATa have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings W1a and W2a is the same. If the turns ratio of windings W1a and W2a is 1:1, the voltage ratio across windings W1a and W2a is also 1:1. Because windings W1b and W2b of autotransformer ATb have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings W1b and W2b is the same. If the turns ratio of windings W1b and W2b is also 1:1, the voltage ratio across windings W1b and W2b is also 1:1.

[0154] Figure 13 This is a circuit topology diagram of the third bus converter provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 13 As shown, the bus converter 1300 includes an inverter circuit 1310A, an inverter circuit 1310B, a resonant circuit 1320A, a resonant circuit 1320B, an autotransformer circuit 1330, a transformer circuit 1340A, and a transformer circuit 1340B.

[0155] Among them, the inverter circuit 1310A, the resonant circuit 1320A, the autotransformer circuit 1330 and the transformer circuit 1340A can constitute Figure 3 The bus converter 300 shown is hereinafter referred to as "phase change circuit A". The connection mode of each component in the phase change circuit A is similar to Figure 3 The connection method of each component in the bus converter 300 shown is the same.

[0156] The inverter circuit 1310B, the resonant circuit 1320B, the autotransformer circuit 1330 and the transformer circuit 1340B can constitute Figure 3 The bus converter 300 shown is hereinafter referred to as "phase change circuit B". The connection mode of each component in the phase change circuit B is similar to Figure 3 The connection method of each component in the bus converter 300 shown is the same.

[0157] Phase change circuit A and phase change circuit B are electrically connected in parallel to the positive electrode of the input power supply. Output terminal 1 of phase change circuit A, output terminal 2a of phase change circuit A, output terminal 1 of phase change circuit B, and output terminal 2b of phase change circuit B are all electrically connected to the load.

[0158] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b may each include a MOS transistor.

[0159] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode, wherein the MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is opposite to the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

[0160] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q3, Q4, Q5a, Q6a, Q5b, and Q6b have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q3, Q4, Q5a, Q6a, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a MOS transistor.

[0161] In another embodiment, the switch circuit Q3 , the switch circuit Q4 , the switch circuit Q5 a , the switch circuit Q6 a , the switch circuit Q5 b , and the switch circuit Q6 b may each include a unidirectional diode.

[0162] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q3, Q4, Q5a, Q6a, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode. The MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is the same as that of the unidirectional diode.

[0163] In the embodiment of the present application, in phase change circuit A, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1a, Q3, and Q5a are the same, and the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2a, Q4, and Q6a are the same. Furthermore, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1a, Q3, and Q5a are opposite to the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2a, Q4, and Q6a.

[0164] Similarly, in phase change circuit B, switch circuits Q2b, Q3, and Q5b conduct in the same direction, and switch circuits Q1b, Q4, and Q6b conduct in the same direction. Furthermore, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2b, Q3, and Q5b are opposite to those of switch circuits Q1b, Q4, and Q6b.

[0165] The following describes the circuit control process by taking the example of switch circuit Q1a, switch circuit Q1b, switch circuit Q2a, switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3, switch circuit Q4, switch circuit Q5a, switch circuit Q5b, switch circuit Q6a, and switch circuit Q6b, each consisting of a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode.

[0166] In the embodiment of the present application, the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q3, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q4, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q5a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q5b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q6a, and the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q6b can all be electrically connected to a processor. The processor can input PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of each switch circuit to control the bus converter 800 to output different bus voltages Vbus.

[0167] Figure 14 This is a timing diagram of the input PWM signal from the controller provided in the embodiment of the present application to each switch tube of the third bus converter. Figure 14As shown, in one switching cycle, during the time period t0-t1, the controller may simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b are turned on at the same time.

[0168] During the time period t2-t3, the controller may simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b are turned on at the same time.

[0169] The time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b differs from the time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b by half a cycle.

[0170] In one embodiment, time t1 and time t2 are different moments. The controller reserves a certain dead time between switching from sending a PWM signal to one MOS transistor to sending a PWM signal to another MOS transistor, allowing the two MOS transistors to achieve soft switching. At this time, the duration of the PWM signal sent by the controller to the MOS transistors in each switching circuit is less than half a cycle.

[0171] Take phase change circuit A as an example. As shown in Figure 15(a), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1a, switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3, switch circuit Q5a, and switch circuit Q5b to turn on simultaneously, the input voltage Vin passes through the resonant circuit 1320A and charges the capacitor C1a in the resonant circuit 1320A. Since the output terminal 1 and the output terminal 2a of the bus converter 1300 are connected in parallel and are both electrically connected to the load, the output voltage of the output terminal 1 is the same as the output voltage of the output terminal 2a, both of which are V0. If the number of turns of the winding W1 and the winding W2 of the autotransformer AT are the same, the number of turns of the coil winding T2a and the coil winding T3a of the transformer Ta are the same, and the turns ratio of the coil winding T1a and the coil winding T3a of the transformer Ta is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0172] Vin=Vfr+NV0+2V0 (8)

[0173] As shown in Figure 15(b), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuits Q1b, Q2a, Q4, Q6a, and Q6b to simultaneously turn on, capacitor C1a in resonant circuit 1320A discharges. If windings W1 and W2 of autotransformer AT have the same number of turns, coil windings T1a and T1b of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, coil windings T2a, T3a, T2b, and T3 of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between coil windings T1a and T1b of transformer Ta is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0174] Vfr=NV0+2V0 (9)

[0175] The gain of the bus converter 1300 is Vin / V0. According to formula (8) and formula (9), the gain of the bus converter 1300 can be calculated as follows:

[0176]

[0177] At the same time, in phase change circuit B, when the controller sends PWM signals to the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3, and switch circuit Q5b, the relationship between the various voltages is the same as formula (9). When the controller sends PWM signals to the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1b, switch circuit Q4, and switch circuit Q6b, the relationship between the various voltages is the same as formula (8).

[0178] If the manufacturer designs the bus converter 1300 with a gain of 8:1, according to formula (10), the turns ratio of the coil winding T1a to the coil winding T3a of the transformer Ta in the bus converter 1300 can be designed to be 2. To improve the power density of the bus converter 1300, the manufacturer can decouple and integrate the transformer Ta, transformer Tb, and the magnetic core components of the autotransformer AT in the bus converter 1300 to reduce the volume of the bus converter 1300 and reduce the losses of the bus converter 1300.

[0179] Compared to bus converter 300, the bus voltage Vbus output by bus converter 1300 is the same as the bus voltage Vbus output by bus converter 300, and the bus current Ibus output by bus converter 1300 is twice the bus current Ibus output by bus converter 300. Therefore, the output power of bus converter 1300 is twice the output power of bus converter 300, and can power higher-power electronic devices to increase the level of processing power.

[0180] Compared with the bus converter 800 , the phase change circuit A and the phase change circuit B in the bus converter 1300 can share the autotransformer circuit 1330 to simplify the circuit structure of the bus converter 1300 and reduce the cost of the bus converter 1300 .

[0181] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the third type of magnetic core integration in the busbar converter provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 16 In the conventional bus converter 1300 shown in (a), the magnetic cores of the transformer Ta, the transformer Tb, and the autotransformer AT are independent components, which makes the bus converter 1300 relatively large in size and has relatively large losses. Figure 16 In the bus converter 1300 shown in (b), the magnetic core of the transformer Ta, the magnetic core of the transformer Tb and the magnetic core of the autotransformer AT can share a magnetic core assembly, and the windings of the transformer Ta, the windings of the transformer Tb and the windings of the autotransformer AT are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core assembly, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter 1300 and reduce the loss of the bus converter 1300.

[0182] like Figure 17 As shown, the magnetic core assembly can be a five-column magnetic core. Among them, the winding T1a, winding T2a and winding T3a of the transformer Ta are all nested on the first middle magnetic column of the five-column magnetic core. The winding W1 and winding W2 of the autotransformer AT are all nested on the second middle magnetic column of the five-column magnetic core. The winding T1b, winding T2b and winding T3b of the transformer Tb are all nested on the third middle magnetic column of the five-column magnetic core. In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the magnetic core assembly is not limited to Figure 17 The five-magnetic-pillar structure shown can also be other structures, such as a three-magnetic-pillar structure, a four-magnetic-pillar structure, etc.

[0183] Because windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1a, T2a, and T3a is the same. The turns ratio of windings T1a, T2a, and T3a is 2:1:1, so the voltage ratio through windings T1a, T2a, and T3a is 2:1:1. Because windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1b, T2b, and T3b is the same. The turns ratio of windings T1b, T2b, and T3b is 2:1:1, so the voltage ratio through windings T1b, T2b, and T3b is 2:1:1. Because windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT are nested in the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT is the same. The turns ratio of windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT is 1:1, so the voltage ratio across windings W1 and W2 of the autotransformer AT is also 1:1.

[0184] Figure 18 This is a circuit topology diagram of the fourth bus converter provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 18 As shown, the bus converter 1800 includes an inverter circuit 1810A, an inverter circuit 1810B, a resonant circuit 1820A, a resonant circuit 1820B, an autotransformer circuit 1830A, an autotransformer circuit 1830B, a transformer circuit 1840A, and a transformer circuit 1840B.

[0185] Among them, the inverter circuit 1810A, the resonant circuit 1820A, the autotransformer circuit 1830A and the transformer circuit 1840A can form a phase change circuit, which is subsequently referred to as "phase change circuit A".

[0186] In phase-change circuit A, inverter circuit 1810A includes a switch circuit Q1a and a switch circuit Q2a. One end of switch circuit Q1a is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply, and the other end of switch circuit Q1a is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q2a. Switch circuits Q1a and Q2a are connected in series to form a half-bridge circuit.

[0187] Resonant circuit 1820A includes capacitor C1a and inductor L1a. One end of capacitor C1a is electrically connected to the node between switch circuits Q1a and Q2a, which are connected in series. The other end of capacitor C1a is electrically connected to one end of inductor L1a. Capacitor C1a and inductor L1a are connected in series to form an LC resonant circuit, which is used to change the frequency of an input electrical signal and output an electrical signal of a set frequency.

[0188] Autotransformer circuit 1830A includes autotransformer ATa, switch circuit Q3a, switch circuit Q4a, and output terminal 1a. Autotransformer ATa includes two windings: winding W1a and winding W2a. One end of winding W1a is electrically connected to one end of winding W2a, forming a series connection between windings W1a and W2a. The other end of winding W1a is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q3a. The other end of winding W2a is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q4a. The other ends of switch circuits Q3a and Q4a are both connected to ground and to the negative input terminal. The node between windings W1a and W2a is electrically connected to output terminal 1a.

[0189] Optionally, autotransformer circuit 1830A further includes capacitor C2a. Capacitor C2a is disposed between output terminal 1a and ground. Specifically, one end of capacitor C2a is connected to ground, and the other end of capacitor C2a is electrically connected to output terminal 1a. Capacitor C2a can filter the bus voltage Vbus outputted by output terminal 1a, thereby stabilizing bus voltage Vbus.

[0190] Transformer circuit 1840A includes a transformer Ta, a switch circuit Q5a, a switch circuit Q6a, and an output terminal 2a. Transformer Ta includes coil windings T1a, T2a, and T3a. Coil winding T1a can serve as the primary winding (or secondary winding) of transformer Ta, while coil winding T2a and coil winding T3a are connected in series to serve as the secondary winding (or primary winding) of transformer Ta. Port 1a of transformer Ta is electrically connected to the other end of inductor L1a. Port 2a of transformer Ta is electrically connected to the other end of winding W2a. Port 3a of transformer Ta is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q5a. Port 4a of transformer Ta is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q6a. The other ends of switch circuit Q5a and switch circuit Q6a are both grounded. The node between coil windings T2a and T3a is electrically connected to output terminal 2a.

[0191] Optionally, transformer circuit 1840A further includes capacitor C3a. Capacitor C3a is disposed between output terminal 2a and ground. Specifically, one end of capacitor C3a is connected to ground, and the other end of capacitor C3a is electrically connected to output terminal 2a. Capacitor C3a can filter the bus voltage Vbus outputted by output terminal 2a, thereby making bus voltage Vbus relatively stable.

[0192] The inverter circuit 1810B, the resonant circuit 1820B, the autotransformer circuit 1830B and the transformer circuit 1840B can form a phase change circuit, which will be referred to as "phase change circuit B" hereinafter.

[0193] In phase-change circuit B, inverter circuit 1810B includes a switch circuit Q1b and a switch circuit Q2b. One end of switch circuit Q1b is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply, and the other end of switch circuit Q1b is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q2b. Switch circuits Q1b and Q2b are connected in series to form a half-bridge circuit.

[0194] Resonant circuit 1820B includes capacitor C1b and inductor L1b. One end of capacitor C1b is electrically connected to the node between the series-connected switch circuits Q1b and Q2b, and the other end of capacitor C1b is electrically connected to one end of inductor L1b. Capacitor C1b and inductor L1b are connected in series to form an LC resonant circuit, which is used to change the frequency of an input electrical signal and output an electrical signal of a set frequency.

[0195] Autotransformer circuit 1830B includes an autotransformer ATb, a switch circuit Q3b, a switch circuit Q4b, and an output terminal 1b. Autotransformer ATb includes two windings: winding W1b and winding W2b. One end of winding W1b is electrically connected to one end of winding W2b, forming a series connection between windings W1b and W2b. The other end of winding W1b is electrically connected to the other end of switch circuit Q2a and one end of switch circuit Q3b of inverter circuit 1810A. The other end of winding W2b is electrically connected to the other end of switch circuit Q2b and one end of switch circuit Q4b of inverter circuit 1810B. The other ends of switch circuits Q3b and Q4b are both grounded. The node between windings W1b and W2b is electrically connected to output terminal 1b.

[0196] Optionally, autotransformer circuit 1830B further includes capacitor C2b. Capacitor C2b is disposed between output terminal 1b and ground. Specifically, one end of capacitor C2b is connected to ground, and the other end of capacitor C2b is electrically connected to output terminal 1b. Capacitor C2b can filter the bus voltage Vbus outputted by output terminal 1b, thereby making bus voltage Vbus relatively stable.

[0197] Transformer circuit 1840B includes a transformer Tb, a switch circuit Q5b, a switch circuit Q6b, and an output terminal 2b. Transformer Tb includes coil windings T1b, T2b, and T3b. Coil winding T1b can serve as the primary winding (or secondary winding) of transformer Tb, while coil windings T2b and T3b are connected in series to serve as the secondary winding (or primary winding) of transformer Tb. Port 1b of transformer Tb is electrically connected to the other end of inductor L1b. Port 2b of transformer Tb is electrically connected to the other end of winding W1a. Port 3b of transformer Ta is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q5b. Port 4b of transformer Tb is electrically connected to one end of switch circuit Q6b. The other ends of switch circuits Q5b and Q6b are both grounded. The node between coil windings T2b and T3b is electrically connected to output terminal 2b.

[0198] Optionally, transformer circuit 1840B further includes capacitor C3b. Capacitor C3b is disposed between output terminal 2b and a ground line. That is, one end of capacitor C3b is connected to the ground line, and the other end of capacitor C3b is electrically connected to output terminal 2b. Capacitor C3b can filter the bus voltage Vbus output by output terminal 2b, thereby making the bus voltage Vbus relatively stable.

[0199] Phase change circuit A and phase change circuit B are electrically connected in parallel to the positive electrode of the input power supply. Output terminal 1a of phase change circuit A, output terminal 2a of phase change circuit A, output terminal 1b of phase change circuit B, and output terminal 2b of phase change circuit B are all electrically connected to the load.

[0200] Bus converter 1800 also includes capacitor C0. Capacitor C0 is disposed between the input terminal of bus converter 1800 and inverter circuits 1810A and 1810B. Specifically, one end of capacitor C0 is electrically connected between the positive input terminal of bus converter 1800 and one end of switching circuit Q1a and one end of switching circuit Q1b, while the other end of capacitor C0 is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of bus converter 1800. Capacitor C0 filters the voltage input to bus converter 1800, thereby stabilizing the input voltage.

[0201] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b may each include a MOS transistor.

[0202] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q1a, Q2a, Q1b, and Q2b may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode, wherein the MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is opposite to the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

[0203] In the embodiment of the present application, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b have the same structure. In one embodiment, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a MOS transistor.

[0204] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a unidirectional diode.

[0205] In another embodiment, the switch circuits Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q6a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6b may each include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode. The MOS transistor and the unidirectional diode are connected in parallel, and the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is the same as that of the unidirectional diode.

[0206] In the embodiment of the present application, in phase change circuit A, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1a, Q3a, and Q5a are the same, and the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2a, Q4a, and Q6a are the same. Furthermore, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1a, Q3a, and Q5a are opposite to the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2a, Q4a, and Q6a.

[0207] Similarly, in phase change circuit B, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2b, Q3b, and Q6b are the same, and the conduction directions of switch circuits Q1b, Q4b, and Q5b are the same. Furthermore, the conduction directions of switch circuits Q2b, Q3b, and Q6b are opposite to those of switch circuits Q1b, Q4b, and Q5b.

[0208] The following describes the circuit control process by taking the example of switch circuit Q1a, switch circuit Q2a, switch circuit Q3a, switch circuit Q4a, switch circuit Q5a, switch circuit Q6a, switch circuit Q1b, switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3b, switch circuit Q4b, switch circuit Q5b and switch circuit Q6b, each consisting of a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode.

[0209] In the embodiment of the present application, the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q3a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q4b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q5a, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q5b, the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q6a, and the MOS transistor of the switch circuit Q6b can all be electrically connected to a processor. The processor can input PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of each switch circuit to control the bus converter 1800 to output different bus voltages Vbus.

[0210] Figure 19 This is a timing diagram of the input PWM signal from the controller provided in the embodiment of the present application to each switch tube of the fourth bus converter. Figure 19 As shown, in one switching cycle, during the time period t0-t1, the controller may simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b are simultaneously turned on.

[0211] During the time period t2-t3, the controller may simultaneously send PWM signals to the gates of the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a, so that the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a are simultaneously turned on.

[0212] The time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q3b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5a, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6b differs by half a cycle from the time when the controller sends the PWM signal to the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q1b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q2a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4a, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q4b, the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q5b, and the MOS transistors of the switch circuit Q6a.

[0213] In one embodiment, time t1 and time t2 are different moments. The controller reserves a certain dead time between switching from sending a PWM signal to one MOS transistor to sending a PWM signal to another MOS transistor, allowing the two MOS transistors to achieve soft switching. At this time, the duration of the PWM signal sent by the controller to the MOS transistors in each switching circuit is less than half a cycle.

[0214] Take phase change circuit A as an example. As shown in Figure 20(a), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1a, switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3a, switch circuit Q3b, switch circuit Q5a, and switch circuit Q6b to turn on simultaneously, the input voltage Vin passes through resonant circuit 1820A and charges capacitor C1a in resonant circuit 1820A. Since output terminals 1a and 2a of bus converter 1800 are connected in parallel and are both electrically connected to the load, the output voltage at output terminal 1a is the same as the output voltage at output terminal 2a, both being V0. If windings W1a and W2a of autotransformer ATa have the same number of turns, coil windings T2a and T3a of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between coil windings T1a and T3a of transformer Ta is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0215] Vin=Vfr+NV0+2V0 (11)

[0216] As shown in Figure 20(b), when the controller controls the MOS transistors of switch circuits Q1b, Q2a, Q4a, Q4b, Q5b, and Q6a to simultaneously turn on, capacitor C1a in resonant circuit 1820A discharges in phase change circuit A. If windings W1a and W2a of autotransformer ATa have the same number of turns, windings W1b and W2b of autotransformer ATb have the same number of turns, coil windings T1a and T1b of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, coil windings T2a, T3a, T2b, and T3 of transformer Ta have the same number of turns, and the turns ratio between coil windings T1a and T1b of transformer Ta is N, the relationship between the various voltages is:

[0217] Vfr=NV0+2V0 (12)

[0218] The gain of the bus converter 1800 is Vin / V0. According to formula (11) and formula (12), the gain of the bus converter 1800 can be calculated as:

[0219]

[0220] At the same time, in phase change circuit B, when the controller sends PWM signals to the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q2b, switch circuit Q3b, and switch circuit Q6b, the relationship between the various voltages is the same as formula (12). When the controller sends PWM signals to the MOS transistors of switch circuit Q1b, switch circuit Q4b, and switch circuit Q5b, the relationship between the various voltages is the same as formula (11).

[0221] If the manufacturer designs the bus converter 1800 with a gain of 8:1, the turns ratio of the coil winding T1a to the coil winding T3a of the transformer Ta in the bus converter 1800 can be designed to be 2 according to formula (13). To improve the power density of the bus converter 1800, the manufacturer can decouple and integrate the magnetic core components of the transformer Ta, transformer Tb, autotransformer ATa, and autotransformer ATb in the bus converter 1800 to reduce the volume of the bus converter 1800 and reduce the losses of the bus converter 1800.

[0222] In the embodiment of the present application, in the bus converter 1800, the magnetic core of the transformer Ta, the magnetic core of the transformer Tb, the magnetic core of the autotransformer ATa and the magnetic core of the autotransformer ATb can share a magnetic core assembly, and the windings of the transformer Ta, the windings of the transformer Tb, the windings of the autotransformer ATa and the windings of the autotransformer ATb are nested on the respective magnetic cores of the magnetic core assembly, so as to reduce the volume of the bus converter 800 and reduce the loss of the bus converter 800. Among them, the winding method of the windings of the transformer Ta, the transformer Tb, the autotransformer ATa and the windings of the autotransformer ATb in the bus converter 1800 is the same as that of the Figure 12 The winding method of the busbar converter 800 shown can be referred to Figure 12 shown.

[0223] Because windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta is the same. If the turns ratio of windings T1a, T2a, and T3a of transformer Ta is 2:1:1, the voltage ratio through windings T1a, T2a, and T3a is 2:1:1. Because windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb is the same. If the turns ratio of windings T1b, T2b, and T3b of transformer Tb is 2:1:1, the voltage ratio through windings T1b, T2b, and T3b is 2:1:1. Because windings W1a and W2a of autotransformer ATa have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings W1a and W2a is the same. If the turns ratio of windings W1a and W2a is 1:1, the voltage ratio across windings W1a and W2a is also 1:1. Because windings W1b and W2b of autotransformer ATb have the same magnetic columns, the magnetic flux passing through windings W1b and W2b is the same. If the turns ratio of windings W1b and W2b is also 1:1, the voltage ratio across windings W1b and W2b is also 1:1.

[0224] The embodiment of the present application provides a VR, which includes at least one bus converter and multiple POL converters. Each bus converter is electrically connected to at least one POL converter, and is used to provide a stable voltage of a set power to the POL converter. The bus converter in the VR can be as follows: Figure 3-Figure 7 The bus converter 300 shown, and / or Figures 8-12The bus converter 800 shown, and / or Figure 13-17 The bus converter 1300 shown, and / or as Figure 18-Figure 20(b) The bus converter 1800 is shown. Since the VR includes the bus converter protected by the present application, the VR has all or at least part of the advantages of the bus converter protected by the present application.

[0225] An embodiment of the present application provides a motherboard comprising at least one VR and multiple electronic devices. Each VR is electrically connected to at least one electronic device and is configured to provide a stable voltage at a set power level to the electronic device. Because the motherboard includes the bus converter protected by the present application, it possesses all or at least some of the advantages of the bus converter protected by the present application. The motherboard may be a printed circuit board (PCB), an embedded motherboard, or the like.

[0226] An embodiment of the present application provides a power device comprising at least one mainboard. Each mainboard can be electrically connected to an external power source to provide a stable voltage of a set power to various electronic components of the power device. Because the power device includes the bus converter protected by this application, it possesses all or at least some of the advantages of the bus converter protected by this application. The power device may include a base station, an outdoor cabinet, a server, or the like.

[0227] An embodiment of the present application provides a busbar architecture comprising a power supply, a power line, and at least one power device. The power supply is electrically connected to the power device via the power line to provide electrical energy to each power device. Because the busbar architecture includes the busbar converter protected by the present application, the busbar architecture has all or at least some of the advantages of the busbar converter protected by the present application.

[0228] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may be modified or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced with equivalents. However, such modifications or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the various embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A bus converter (300, 800, 1300, 1800), characterized in that: include: a first inverter circuit (310, 810A, 1310A, 1810A) comprising a first switch circuit (Q1, Q1a) and a second switch circuit (Q2, Q2a), wherein the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are connected in series, and the other end of the first switch circuit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of a power supply; a first resonant circuit (320, 820A, 1320A, 1820A) comprising a first capacitor (C1, C1a), one end of the first capacitor being electrically connected to a node between the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit for charging and discharging; A first autotransformer circuit (330, 830A, 1330A, 1830A) comprises a first autotransformer (AT, ATa), a third switch circuit (Q3, Q3a), a fourth switch circuit (Q4, Q4a) and a first output terminal (1, 1a); the first autotransformer comprises a first winding (W1, W1a) and a second winding (W2, W2a); the first winding is connected in series with the second winding, and the other end of the second winding is electrically connected to the other end of the second switch circuit and one end of the third switch circuit, and the other end of the first winding is electrically connected to one end of the fourth switch circuit; the other end of the third switch circuit and the other end of the fourth switch circuit are both grounded; and a node between the first winding and the second winding is electrically connected to the first output terminal; A first transformer circuit (340, 840A, 1340, 1840A) comprises a first transformer (T1, T1a), a fifth switch circuit (Q5, Q5a), a sixth switch circuit (Q6, Q6a) and a second output terminal (2, 2a); the first transformer comprises a third winding (T1, T1a), a fourth winding (T2, T2a) and a fifth winding (T3, T3a), one end (1, 1a) of the third winding is electrically connected to the other end of the first capacitor, and the other end (2, 2a) of the third winding is electrically connected to the other end of the first winding; the fourth winding and the fifth winding are connected in series, the other end (3, 3a) of the fourth winding is electrically connected to one end of the fifth switch circuit, and the other end (4, 4a) of the fifth winding is electrically connected to one end of the sixth switch circuit; the other end of the fifth switch circuit and the other end of the sixth switch circuit are both grounded; and a node between the fourth winding and the fifth winding is electrically connected to the second output terminal.

2. The bus converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The first resonant circuit further includes: a first inductor (L1, L1a), which is arranged between the first capacitor and the third winding of the first transformer and is connected in series with the first capacitor to achieve soft switching.

3. The bus converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first switch circuit and the second switch circuit both include MOS transistors; or The first switch circuit and the second switch circuit both include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode; the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is opposite to the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

4. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The third switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit and the sixth switch circuit all include MOS transistors; or The third switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, and the sixth switch circuit all include unidirectional diodes; or The third switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit and the sixth switch circuit all include a MOS transistor and a unidirectional diode; the conduction direction of the MOS transistor is the same as the conduction direction of the unidirectional diode.

5. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, and the fifth switch circuit are turned on at the same time; the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, and the sixth switch circuit are turned on at the same time.

6. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The number of turns of the first winding is the same as the number of turns of the second winding.

7. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The number of turns of the fourth winding is the same as the number of turns of the fifth winding; the number of turns of the fourth winding is half the number of turns of the third winding.

8. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A second capacitor (C2, C2a), one end of the second capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the first output end.

9. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Also includes: A third capacitor (C3, C3a), one end of the third capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the second output end.

10. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The first winding, the second winding, the third winding, the fourth winding and the fifth winding share a magnetic core component; The magnetic core assembly is a magnetic core with four magnetic columns; the first winding and the second winding are both nested on one of the two middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the four magnetic columns; the third winding, the fourth winding and the fifth winding are all nested on the other of the two middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the four magnetic columns.

11. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Also includes: a second inverter circuit (810B), comprising a seventh switch circuit (Q1b) and an eighth switch circuit (Q2b), wherein the seventh switch circuit and the eighth switch circuit are connected in series, and the other end of the seventh switch circuit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply; a second resonant circuit (820B), comprising a fourth capacitor (C1b), one end of the fourth capacitor being electrically connected to a node between the seventh switch circuit and the eighth switch circuit, for charging and discharging; a second autotransformer circuit (830B), comprising a second autotransformer (ATb), a ninth switch circuit (Q3b), a tenth switch circuit (Q4b), and a third output terminal (1b); the second autotransformer comprising a sixth winding (W1b) and a seventh winding (W2b); the sixth winding and the seventh winding being connected in series, and the other end of the seventh winding being electrically connected to the other end of the eighth switch circuit and one end of the ninth switch circuit, and the other end of the sixth winding being electrically connected to one end of the tenth switch circuit; and the other ends of the ninth switch circuit and the tenth switch circuit being grounded; A node between the sixth winding and the seventh winding is electrically connected to the third output terminal; The second transformer circuit (840B) comprises a second transformer (T1b), an eleventh switch circuit (Q5b), a twelfth switch circuit (Q6b) and a fourth output terminal (2b); the second transformer comprises an eighth winding (T1b), a ninth winding (T2b) and a tenth winding (T3b), one end (1b) of the eighth winding being electrically connected to the other end of the fourth capacitor, and the other end (2b) of the eighth winding being electrically connected to the other end of the sixth winding; the ninth winding and the tenth winding being connected in series, the other end (3b) of the ninth winding being electrically connected to one end of the eleventh switch circuit, and the other end (4b) of the tenth winding being electrically connected to one end of the twelfth switch circuit; the other ends of the eleventh switch circuit and the twelfth switch circuit being both grounded; and a node between the ninth winding and the tenth winding being electrically connected to the fourth output terminal.

12. The bus converter according to claim 11, characterized in that: Also includes: The second resonant circuit further includes: a second inductor (L1b), which is arranged between the fourth capacitor and the eighth winding of the second transformer and is connected in series with the fourth capacitor to achieve soft switching.

13. The bus converter according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: The first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, the eighth switch circuit, the tenth switch circuit and the twelfth switch circuit are turned on at the same time; the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the sixth switch circuit, the seventh switch circuit, the ninth switch circuit and the eleventh switch circuit are turned on at the same time.

14. The bus converter according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that: The number of turns of the first winding, the number of turns of the second winding, the number of turns of the sixth winding, and the number of turns of the seventh winding are the same.

15. The bus converter according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that: The number of turns of the third winding is the same as the number of turns of the eighth winding; The number of turns of the fourth winding, the number of turns of the fifth winding, the number of turns of the ninth winding and the number of turns of the tenth winding are the same; the number of turns of the fourth winding is half the number of turns of the third winding.

16. The bus converter according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that: Also includes: A fifth capacitor (C2b), one end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the ground line, and the other end of the fifth capacitor is electrically connected to the third output end.

17. The bus converter according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that: Also includes: a sixth capacitor (C3b), one end of the sixth capacitor being connected to the ground line, and the other end of the sixth capacitor being electrically connected to the fourth output end.

18. The bus converter according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that: The first winding, the second winding, the third winding, the fourth winding, the fifth winding, the sixth winding, the seventh winding, the eighth winding, the ninth winding and the tenth winding share a magnetic core component; The magnetic core assembly is a magnetic core with three magnetic columns; the first winding and the second winding are both nested on one of the two magnetic columns on the side of the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns; the sixth winding and the seventh winding are both nested on the other of the two magnetic columns on the side of the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns; the third winding, the fourth winding, the fifth winding, the eighth winding, the ninth winding and the tenth winding are all nested on the middle magnetic column in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns.

19. The bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Also includes: a third inverter circuit (1310B), comprising a thirteenth switch circuit (Q1b) and a fourteenth switch circuit (Q2b), wherein the thirteenth switch circuit and the fourteenth switch circuit are connected in series, and the other end of the thirteenth switch circuit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the fourteenth switch circuit is electrically connected to the other end of the first winding; a third resonant circuit (1320B), comprising a seventh capacitor (C1b), one end of the seventh capacitor being electrically connected to a node between the thirteenth switch circuit and the fourteenth switch circuit, for charging and discharging; A third transformer circuit (1340B) comprises a third transformer (T1b), a fifteenth switch circuit (Q5b), a sixteenth switch circuit (Q6b) and a fifth output terminal (2b); the third transformer comprises an eleventh winding (T1b), a twelfth winding (T2b) and a thirteenth winding (T3b), one end (2b) of the eleventh winding being electrically connected to one end of the seventh capacitor, and the other end (1b) of the eleventh winding being electrically connected to the other end of the second winding; the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding being connected in series, the other end (3b) of the twelfth winding being electrically connected to one end of the fifteenth switch circuit, and the other end (4b) of the thirteenth winding being electrically connected to one end of the sixteenth switch circuit; the other ends of the fifteenth switch circuit and the sixteenth switch circuit are both grounded; and a node between the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding is electrically connected to the fifth output terminal.

20. The bus converter according to claim 19, characterized in that Also includes: The third resonant circuit further includes: a third inductor (L1b), which is arranged between the seventh capacitor and the eleventh winding of the third transformer and is connected in series with the seventh capacitor to achieve soft switching.

21. The bus converter according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that: The first switch circuit, the third switch circuit, the fifth switch circuit, the fourteenth switch circuit and the fifteenth switch circuit are turned on at the same time; the second switch circuit, the fourth switch circuit, the sixth switch circuit, the thirteenth switch circuit and the sixteenth switch circuit are turned on at the same time.

22. The bus converter according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that: The number of turns of the third winding is the same as the number of turns of the eleventh winding; The number of turns of the fourth winding, the number of turns of the fifth winding, the number of turns of the twelfth winding and the number of turns of the thirteenth winding are the same; the number of turns of the fourth winding is half the number of turns of the third winding.

23. The bus converter according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that: Also includes: an eighth capacitor (C3b), one end of the eighth capacitor being grounded, and the other end of the eighth capacitor being electrically connected to the fifth output terminal.

24. The bus converter according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that: The first winding, the second winding, the third winding, the fourth winding, the fifth winding, the eleventh winding, the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding share a magnetic core component; The magnetic core assembly is a five-magnetic core; the third winding, the fourth winding and the fifth winding are all nested on the first magnetic column among the three middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns; the first winding and the second winding are both nested on the second magnetic column among the three middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns; the eleventh winding, the twelfth winding and the thirteenth winding are all nested on the third magnetic column among the three middle magnetic columns in the magnetic core of the three magnetic columns.

25. A voltage regulator VR, characterized in that: include: Multiple point-of-load (POL) converters; At least one bus converter according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the output end of each bus converter is electrically connected to at least one POL converter for providing an electrical signal with a set voltage value.

26. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: At least one main board, the main board comprising at least one VR according to claim 25, each VR being electrically connected to at least one electronic device for providing an electrical signal for setting a voltage.

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