Artificial breeding method for improving yield of wild paris polyphylla seeds in arid region

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial breeding method for increasing the yield of wild rupestre hedyotis seeds in an arid region, belongs to the technical field of forage grass breeding, and mainly solves the problems of low survival rate and unstable yield of rupestre hedyotis seed breeding in an arid environment. The method comprises the following steps: collecting mature wild seeds, screening, and sowing in a greenhouse for plug seedling; holes are formed in the planting area according to the line spacing of 35-40 cm and the hole spacing of 32-38 cm, a water-retaining base fertilizer with the mass ratio of bentonite to decomposed sheep manure being 4: 5 is laid at the bottoms of the holes, and seedling root systems are subjected to field planting after being soaked in a thick root solution containing 0.2% of seaweed extract and 0.05% of potassium silicate for 10 min; in the field management stage, irrigation is conducted at the depth of 25-30 mm in the branching stage, irrigation is conducted at the depth of 20-25 mm in the squaring stage, and 40-50 liters of aqueous solution containing 0.1% of borax and 0.05% of zinc sulfate is sprayed to the leaf surfaces per mu in the flowering stage; cutting and harvesting the seeds after maturing. According to the method, by optimizing the water-retaining base fertilizer, treating the root system and precisely irrigating in stages, the breeding efficiency of the rupestre hedyotis seeds in the arid region is remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for ecological restoration and pasture production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forage breeding, and more particularly to an artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild sedge in arid areas. Background Art

[0002] In arid and semi-arid regions, wild Lespedeza potaninii, a forage grass of the potato family, has become a key species for degraded grassland restoration and forage production due to its outstanding drought tolerance, nitrogen fixation, and soil-improving properties. Its deep root system effectively holds topsoil and mitigates wind erosion; its root nodule symbiosis significantly improves soil fertility; and its aboveground parts are nutritious and highly palatable. This species simultaneously serves a triple function in ecological restoration: as an ecological barrier for soil and water conservation, as a biological soil fertilizer, and as a supplementary forage for livestock. It is currently widely used for revegetation in ecologically fragile areas such as the Loess Plateau and sandy margins, and is of great value for the restoration of degraded grasslands and the sustainable development of animal husbandry. However, large-scale seed propagation faces numerous challenges, with per-unit-area seed yields consistently low, making it difficult to meet the seed needs of large-scale ecological restoration efforts and significantly limiting its widespread adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Another purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of low seed production of cowpea seeds due to poor soil. There is an urgent need for a systematic artificial breeding method to improve the seed germination rate and plant survival rate through seed pretreatment, water-retaining base fertilizer, precise irrigation and water and fertilizer management, so as to achieve high-yield breeding.

[0004] Plants in arid regions are susceptible to pests and diseases. Improper timing of conventional pesticide application and irrigation can dilute the pesticide concentration and reduce control effectiveness. Precise application of matrine aqueous solution during the branching and budding stages, combined with delayed irrigation timing, ensures full penetration and absorption of the pesticide while preventing water stress from affecting its efficacy. This addresses the need for synergistic pest and disease control and water management in arid regions.

[0005] When applied alone, matrine aqueous solution has insufficient spreadability and permeability on plant surfaces, and systemic resistance needs to be enhanced during the budding stage. By adding lecithin to improve the agent's surface activity, combining it with chitin oligosaccharides to induce disease resistance, and optimizing spray droplet size, spray rate, and intervals, we address the issues of low agent utilization and poor durability in pest and disease control.

[0006] To further enhance the effectiveness of matrine aqueous solution, its transport and retention within plants need to be optimized. By adding succinic anhydride-modified silk fibroin peptides, leveraging their amphiphilic structure (the hydrophobic end binds to the cell membrane, the hydrophilic end is grafted with rhamnolipids), the agent's ability to bind to plant tissues is enhanced, addressing the technical issues of low transport efficiency and short duration of action.

[0007] Transplanting in arid regions can lead to low root survival rates due to water and nutrient deficiencies. By adding sodium polyglutamate (to retain water) and potassium humate (to activate nutrients) to the coarse root solution, combined with shading, stabilization, and chitosan oligosaccharide spraying (to induce disease resistance), we create a synergistic "water conservation, nutrition, and disease resistance" system to address poor root development and weak stress resistance.

[0008] Plants in arid regions are prone to nutrient imbalance and flower and pod drop during their growth cycle, making traditional water and fertilizer management difficult to precisely control. Applying a water-regulating fertilizer (containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, etc.) and spraying a flower and pod stabilizer (containing potassium silicate and brassinolide) at different growth stages can address the low fruit set rate caused by untimely nutrient supply and poor flower and pod resistance.

[0009] Inefficient nutrient absorption from water-control fertilizers and the long-term effectiveness of water-retention films affect water and fertilizer utilization in arid areas. By adding polyglutamic acid and citric acid to chelate nutrients, combined with sulfonated lignin-coated urea granules and a double-layer composite water-retention film (with an outer layer that blocks water and an inner layer that releases nutrients), we address the issues of rapid water and fertilizer loss and uneven nutrient release.

[0010] Wild schizonepeta seeds have a long dormancy period and low germination rate due to their hard seed coat, making conventional handling easily damaging the seeds. By soaking in 45°C warm water, washing with polysorbate 80, and treating with carboxylated nanosilica in tandem with sulfuric acid, we precisely break the seed coat dormancy, resolving the technical contradiction between seed germination barriers and embryo damage during handling.

[0011] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present invention, there is provided a method for artificially breeding wild schizonepeta in arid areas to increase seed yield, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Collect mature wild schizonepeta seeds and select seeds with full grains and no diseases or insect pests; Step 2: sowing the seeds in a plug tray containing a seedling culture medium in a greenhouse to obtain seedlings; Step 3: Open planting holes with a row spacing of 35-40cm in the leveled planting area, and the distance between two adjacent planting holes in each row of planting holes is 32-38cm. A layer of water-retaining base fertilizer is first laid at the bottom of each planting hole. The roots are soaked with coarse root liquid for 10 minutes before planting, and then the seedlings are planted in the planting holes. The field management is to mature plants, wherein the water-retaining base fertilizer includes bentonite and decomposed sheep manure with a mass ratio of 4:5, the coarse root liquid includes 0.2% seaweed extract, 0.05% potassium silicate, and the balance is water. After planting, irrigation is carried out during the seedling branching period, and the irrigation depth between the two rows of planting holes is 10-20mm. Irrigation is carried out again during the budding period, and the irrigation depth between the two rows of planting holes is 20-25mm. Foliar spraying is carried out during the flowering period, and the spraying liquid includes an aqueous solution of borax with a mass concentration of 0.1% and zinc sulfate with a mass concentration of 0.05%, and the spraying amount is 40-50L / mu; Step 4: Cut the mature plants to obtain breeding seeds.

[0012] Preferably, in step three, a matrine aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% is sprayed during the branching stage, and irrigation is started 5 hours after spraying the matrine aqueous solution. A matrine aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.4% is sprayed during the budding stage, and irrigation is started 1 day after spraying.

[0013] Preferably, in step three, during the branching stage, lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.03% is added to the matrine aqueous solution, the spray droplet size is 250-300 μm, the spraying amount is 15-20 L / mu, and the second spraying is performed after an interval of 48 hours; during the budding stage, lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.03% and chitin oligosaccharide with a mass concentration of 0.1% are added to the matrine aqueous solution; All spraying was done at a position 20 cm above the base of the plant. During the branching stage, irrigation was started 3 hours after the second spraying.

[0014] Preferably, the matrine aqueous solution further comprises silk fibroin peptide at a mass concentration of 0.02%.

[0015] Preferably, the silk fibroin peptide is an amphiphilic short peptide modified with succinic anhydride, the hydrophobic end of which is composed of a phenylalanine-valine dipeptide repeating unit, and the hydrophilic end is grafted with rhamnolipid with a mass concentration of 0.01%.

[0016] Preferably, in step three, 0.05% sodium polyglutamate and 0.07% potassium humate are further added to the coarse root solution, and after dipping the roots, the solution is placed in a light-shielding environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25-28°C for 30 minutes, and then a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% is atomized and sprayed on the root surface, wherein the molecular weight of the sodium polyglutamate is 5000-8000Da.

[0017] Preferably, after the seedlings are planted in the planting holes, a water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution is applied to the planting holes on the 15th, 35th, and 55th days, respectively. The water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution includes 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% boric acid, 0.1% humic acid, 0.01% prohexadione-calcium, and the balance water. The fertilization method is as follows: 40 ml of the water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution is applied to each planting hole for the first time, and the hole is covered with 2 cm thick soil. After an interval of 2 hours, another 40 ml of the water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution is applied, and the hole is covered with a water-retaining film. The water-retaining film is removed after 24 hours. Starting from the 45th day after planting, spray the leaves with a flower and pod stabilizer every 10 days. The flower and pod stabilizer includes 0.05% potassium silicate, 0.003% brassinolide and the balance water, and the spraying amount is 20 L per mu.

[0018] Preferably, when the water-control fertilizer solution is applied to the planting hole for the first time, 0.1% polyglutamic acid and 0.05% citric acid are also added to the water-control fertilizer solution; When covering the soil, sulfonated lignin-coated urea particles accounting for 8% of the volume of the soil are added to the soil, and the particle size of the particles is 0.5-1 mm; The water-retaining film is a double-layer composite film, the outer layer is a polyethylene film, and the inner layer is a starch-based slow-release film, and the slow-release film is loaded with 0.2% humic acid chelated magnesium and 0.03% manganese sulfate particles; After covering the water-retaining film, micropores with a pore size of 2 mm were opened on the film, with a pore density of 20 pores / square meter. Two hours before removing the water-retaining film, a 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution was sprayed on the film surface at a spraying rate of 5 ml / hole.

[0019] Preferably, in step one, the screened seeds are first soaked in 45°C water for 20 min, then placed in a mixture of polysorbate 80 and ethanol and shaken for 45 s, then rinsed with water, and then immersed in a mixture of 98% sulfuric acid and nano-silica suspension under ice bath conditions, magnetically stirred for 5 min, and finally adjusted to pH 6.8 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution to obtain pretreated seeds, which are then sown in seedling matrix plug trays, wherein the nano-silica suspension includes 8% nano-silica and the balance is anhydrous ethanol, the volume ratio of 98% sulfuric acid to the nano-silica suspension is 1:1, and the mass fraction of polysorbate 80 in the mixture of polysorbate 80 and ethanol is 1%.

[0020] Preferably, the nano-silica in the nano-silica suspension is surface-carboxylated, specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Dispersing nano-silica in anhydrous ethanol to form an 8 wt% suspension; A2. Add 3-carboxypropyltriethoxysilane to the suspension at a mass ratio of 1:18 to nano-silica, heat to 68-70°C under nitrogen protection, and stir at 400 rpm for 5 hours; A3. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge and wash with deionized water until neutral, and vacuum dry at 50°C to obtain carboxylated nano-silica.

[0021] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the seed yields of Example 3 and Example 4 are comparable, but significantly better than that of Example 2, indicating that the present invention can effectively increase seed yield by adding matrine aqueous solution and pyrethrin emulsifiable concentrate aqueous solution, and by simultaneously adding silk fibroin peptide (after modification) and lecithin and chitin oligosaccharide, this indicates that, on the one hand, spraying the matrine aqueous solution with lecithin and succinic anhydride modified silk fibroin peptide during the crop branching period, lecithin can enhance the spreading and penetration ability of the liquid on the plant surface, thereby promoting matrine to enter the plant tissue faster; the hydrophobic end of the modified silk fibroin peptide (phenylalanine- The valine dipeptide repeating unit) can bind to the lipid layer of the plant cell membrane, and the rhamnolipid at the hydrophilic end improves the water solubility of the drug. Its amphiphilic structure not only ensures the adhesion of the drug on the plant surface, but also cooperates with lecithin to promote the absorption and conduction of matrine. On the other hand, lecithin optimizes the penetration path, the modified silk protein peptide enhances the retention of the drug, and the chitin oligosaccharide enhances the stress resistance by activating the plant defense enzyme system. The three work together to not only continuously prevent and control pests and diseases, but also improve the plant's nutrient transport and bud development environment, reduce bud and boll shedding, and provide a stable physiological basis for seed formation and development, thereby significantly increasing seed yield. At the same time, the modified silk protein peptide improves the cellular microenvironment with its amphiphilicity and helps plant physiological metabolism; chitin oligosaccharides can induce plants to produce resistance substances, regulate hormone balance, and enhance plants' resistance to environmental stress. The three create a healthy growth environment for plants at different times.

[0022] Second, the present invention adds sodium polyglutamate and potassium humate to the coarse root liquid, forming multiple synergistic effects with the original ingredients. Sodium polyglutamate has a molecular weight of 5000-8000Da and has super water retention capacity. It can form a water retention film on the root surface and jointly construct a long-term water retention system with bentonite and seaweed extract. After dipping, the specific static environment creates stable recovery conditions for the root system, which is conducive to the absorption of nutrients in the coarse root liquid. Finally, the root system is sprayed with a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution, which can induce the plant to produce a defense response and enhance the root system's disease resistance. At the same time, it cooperates with sodium polyglutamate and potassium humate to further improve the root microenvironment and enhance root vitality.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0025] <Example 1> The artificial propagation method for increasing the seed yield of wild schizonepeta tenuifolia in arid areas comprises the following steps: Step 1: Collect mature wild schizonepeta seeds and select seeds with full grains and no diseases or insect pests; Step 2: sowing the seeds in a plug tray containing a seedling culture medium in a greenhouse to obtain seedlings; Step 3: Create planting holes with a row spacing of 35-40 cm in the leveled planting area. The distance between adjacent planting holes in each row is 32-38 cm. A layer of water-retaining base fertilizer is first laid at the bottom of each planting hole. Before planting, the roots are soaked in coarse root solution for 10 minutes. Then the seedlings are planted in the planting hole and managed in the field until the plants mature. The water-retaining base fertilizer includes bentonite and decomposed sheep manure in a mass ratio of 4:5. The coarse root solution includes 0.2% seaweed extract and 0. 2% 0.05% potassium silicate (mass concentration), the balance being water. After planting, irrigation is performed during the seedling branching period, with the watering depth between two rows of planting holes being 10-20 mm. Irrigation is performed again during the budding period (nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer are applied during irrigation, with the specific amounts using existing technologies). The watering depth between two rows of planting holes is 20-25 mm. During the flowering period, foliar spraying is performed, with the spraying liquid comprising an aqueous solution of 0.1% borax and 0.05% zinc sulfate by mass, at a spraying rate of 40-50 L / mu. Step 4: Cut the mature plants to obtain breeding seeds.

[0026] In step three, spray 0.3% matrine aqueous solution during the branching stage, and start irrigation 5 hours after spraying the matrine aqueous solution. Spray 0.4% matrine aqueous solution during the budding stage, and start irrigation 1 day after spraying.

[0027] In step three, during the branching stage, lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.03% is added to the matrine aqueous solution, the spray droplet size is 250-300 μm, the spraying amount is 15-20 L / mu, and the second spraying is performed after an interval of 48 hours; during the budding stage, lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.03% and chitin oligosaccharide with a mass concentration of 0.1% are added to the matrine aqueous solution; All spraying was done at a position 20 cm above the base of the plant. During the branching stage, irrigation was started 3 hours after the second spraying (irrigation from the roots).

[0028] The matrine aqueous solution also includes silk fibroin peptide with a mass concentration of 0.02%.

[0029] The silk fibroin peptide is an amphiphilic short peptide modified with succinic anhydride, the hydrophobic end of which is composed of a phenylalanine-valine dipeptide repeating unit, and the hydrophilic end is grafted with rhamnolipid with a mass concentration of 0.01%.

[0030] In step three, the coarse root liquid is also added with a mass concentration of 0.05% sodium polyglutamate and a mass concentration of 0.07% potassium humate (the mass concentration of potassium humate in the system is 0.07%). After dipping the roots, it is placed in a light-shielding environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25-28°C for 30 minutes, and then a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% is atomized and sprayed on the root surface. The molecular weight of the sodium polyglutamate is 5000-8000Da.

[0031] After the seedlings were planted in the planting holes, a water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution was applied to the planting holes on the 15th, 35th, and 55th days, respectively. The water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution included 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% boric acid, 0.1% humic acid, 0.01% prohexadione-calcium (prohexadione-calcium concentration was 10%), and the remainder was water. The mass concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, humic acid, and prohexadione-calcium were all in the system. The fertilization method was as follows: 40 ml of the water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution was applied to each planting hole for the first time, and the hole was covered with 2 cm thick soil. After an interval of 2 hours, another 40 ml of the water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution was applied, and the hole was covered with a water-retaining film. The water-retaining film was removed after 24 hours. Starting from the 45th day after planting, the leaves are sprayed with a flower and pod stabilizer every 10 days. The flower and pod stabilizer includes 0.05% potassium silicate, 0.003% brassinolide and the balance water. Potassium silicate and brassinolide are the mass fractions in the system. The spraying amount is 20 L per mu.

[0032] When applying the water-control fertilizer solution for the first time in the planting hole, 0.1% polyglutamic acid and 0.05% citric acid are also added to the water-control fertilizer solution; When covering the soil, sulfonated lignin-coated urea particles accounting for 8% of the volume of the soil are added to the soil, and the particle size of the particles is 0.5-1 mm; The water-retaining film is a double-layer composite film, the outer layer is a polyethylene film, and the inner layer is a starch-based slow-release film, and the slow-release film is loaded with 0.2% humic acid chelated magnesium and 0.03% manganese sulfate particles; After covering the water-retaining film, micropores with a pore size of 2 mm were opened on the film, with a pore density of 20 pores / square meter. Two hours before removing the water-retaining film, a 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution was sprayed on the film surface at a spraying rate of 5 ml / hole.

[0033] In step one, the screened seeds are first soaked in 45°C water for 20 min, then placed in a mixture of polysorbate 80 and ethanol (70% by mass ethanol) and oscillated for 45 s, then rinsed with water, and then immersed in a mixture of 98% sulfuric acid and nano-silica suspension under ice bath conditions, magnetically stirred for 5 min, and finally adjusted to pH 6.8 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution to obtain pretreated seeds. The pretreated seeds are then sown in a seedling matrix plug tray, wherein the nano-silica suspension includes 8% nano-silica and the balance is anhydrous ethanol, the volume ratio of 98% sulfuric acid to the nano-silica suspension is 1:1, and the mass fraction of polysorbate 80 in the mixture of polysorbate 80 and ethanol is 1%.

[0034] The nano-silica in the nano-silica suspension is surface-carboxylated and is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Dispersing nano-silica in anhydrous ethanol to form an 8 wt% suspension; A2. Add 3-carboxypropyltriethoxysilane to the suspension at a mass ratio of 1:18 to nano-silica, heat to 68-70°C under nitrogen protection, and stir at 400 rpm for 5 hours; A3. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge and wash with deionized water until neutral, and vacuum dry at 50°C to obtain carboxylated nano-silica.

[0035] <Example 2> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that in step 3, matrine aqueous solution was not sprayed during the branching stage and the budding stage.

[0036] <Example 3> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that lecithin was not added to the matrine aqueous solution during the branching stage (but silk fibroin was added), and chitin oligosaccharide was not added during the budding stage (lecithin was not added, but silk fibroin was added).

[0037] <Example 4> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that no silk fibroin was added to the matrine aqueous solution during the branching stage.

[0038] <Example 5> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that sodium polyglutamate and potassium humate were not added to the coarse root solution, and the roots were not treated in a light-shading environment after being dipped, and no chitosan oligosaccharide treatment was used.

[0039] <Example 6> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that after the seedlings were planted in the planting holes, no water-control fertilizer solution and no flower and pod stabilizer were applied.

[0040] <Example 7> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that polyglutamic acid and citric acid were not added to the water-control fertilizer solution, and the water-retaining film used was not a polyethylene film.

[0041] <Example 8> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that in step 1, the screened seeds were disinfected with 70% alcohol for 30-60 seconds and then soaked in 98% sulfuric acid for 6-10 minutes; in a greenhouse, the seeds to be planted were placed in a plug tray for seedling cultivation.

[0042] <Example 9> The cultivation was carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that the nano-silica in step 1 was not surface-carboxylated.

[0043] <Data Representation> 1. Seed germination rate The germination rates of seeds in the plug trays in Example 1, Example 8, and Example 9 were statistically analyzed. The germination rates and germination potentials are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Germination rate and germination potential Group Seed germination rate Germination potential Example 1 76.1% 73.3%% Example 8 70.6% 64.8% Example 9 63.2% 58.4% Comparing and analyzing the data in Table 1, Example 1 shows superior data to Examples 8 and 9. The germination rate of Example 1 is superior to that of Example 9. This is because Example 1 modified the nano-silica with surface carboxyl groups. When the modified nano-silica was mixed with 98% sulfuric acid to treat seeds, the carboxyl groups enhanced its affinity and adsorption to the seed surface, allowing the sulfuric acid to etch the seed coat more evenly and thoroughly, effectively breaking seed dormancy and promoting germination. In contrast, in Example 9, the nano-silica was unmodified. When reacting with sulfuric acid, the treatment effect on the seed coat was weak, affecting seed germination. Example 9 is superior to Example 8 because, although the nano-silica was not modified, it was still present in the treatment system. Its small particle size facilitated sulfuric acid penetration into the seed coat, improving seed coat permeability to a certain extent. In contrast, Example 8 only used traditional 70% alcohol disinfection and 98% sulfuric acid soaking. The long sulfuric acid soaking alone can easily lead to localized excessive corrosion of the seed coat or uneven treatment, making it difficult to effectively break seed dormancy, resulting in a relatively lower germination rate. This shows that the seed treatment method of the present application can promote seed germination and increase germination rate.

[0044] 2. Seed yield The method of Example 1-7 was used to cultivate wild schizonepeta, and the seed yield (kg / hm2) was counted.2 ) as shown in Table 2; Table 2 Seed yield Group <![CDATA[Seed yield (kg / hm 2 )]]> Example 1 718.72 Example 2 621.97 Example 3 630.59 Example 4 637.73 Example 5 672.28 Example 6 656.64 Example 7 694.85 Comparative analysis of the data in Table 2 shows that: The seed yield of Example 1 is significantly better than that of Examples 2-7, which indicates that the artificial propagation method of the present invention for the seeds of the schizonepeta can effectively increase the yield of the seeds of the schizonepeta; The seed yields of Example 3 and Example 4 were comparable, but significantly better than that of Example 2, indicating that the present invention can effectively increase seed yield by adding matrine aqueous solution and pyrethrin emulsifiable concentrate aqueous solution, and by simultaneously adding silk fibroin peptide (after modification) and lecithin and chitin oligosaccharide, this indicates that, on the one hand, spraying the matrine aqueous solution with lecithin and succinic anhydride modified silk fibroin peptide during the crop branching period, lecithin can enhance the spreading and penetration ability of the liquid on the plant surface, thereby promoting matrine to enter the plant tissue faster; the hydrophobic end of the modified silk fibroin peptide (phenylalanine- The valine dipeptide repeating unit) can bind to the lipid layer of the plant cell membrane, and the rhamnolipid at the hydrophilic end improves the water solubility of the drug solution. Its amphiphilic structure not only ensures the adhesion of the drug on the plant surface, but also cooperates with lecithin to promote the absorption and conduction of matrine. On the other hand, lecithin optimizes the penetration path, the modified silk protein peptide strengthens the retention of the drug, and chitin oligosaccharides enhance stress resistance by activating the plant defense enzyme system. The three work together not only to continuously prevent and control pests and diseases, but also to improve the plant's nutrient transport and bud development environment, reduce bud and boll shedding, and provide a stable physiological basis for seed formation and development, thereby significantly increasing seed yield. At the same time, the modified silk protein peptide improves the cellular microenvironment with its amphiphilicity and helps plant physiological metabolism; chitin oligosaccharides can induce plants to produce resistance substances, regulate hormone balance, and enhance plants' resistance to environmental stress. The three create a healthy growth environment for plants at different times; Compared with Example 1, Example 5 illustrates that in Example 1, sodium polyglutamate and potassium humate are added to the coarse root liquid to form multiple synergistic effects with the original ingredients. Sodium polyglutamate has a molecular weight of 5000-8000Da and has super water retention capacity. It can form a water retention film on the root surface and construct a long-term water retention system together with bentonite and seaweed extract. The specific static environment after dipping creates stable recovery conditions for the root system, which is conducive to absorbing the nutrients of the coarse root liquid. Finally, the root system is sprayed with a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution, which can induce the plant to produce a defense response and enhance the root system's disease resistance. At the same time, it cooperates with sodium polyglutamate and potassium humate to further improve the root microenvironment and enhance root vitality. Example 1 is superior to Examples 6 and 7, primarily due to the synergistic efficiency of various components. Compared to Example 6, the topdressing water-control fertilizer and the sprayed flower and pod stabilizer work in tandem. The former provides comprehensive nutrition to the plant and regulates growth, while the latter enhances flower and pod stability. Together, they help the plant grow robustly in arid environments and increase its fruit set rate. Compared to Example 7, the polyglutamic acid and citric acid in the water-control fertilizer in Example 1 synergize with other ingredients to improve soil water and fertilizer conditions and enhance nutrient absorption. The polyethylene film and inner slow-release film of the double-layer composite water-retention film work together, with the outer layer blocking water and the inner layer releasing nutrients, jointly ensuring the plant's water and nutrient needs.

[0045] 3. Plant survival rate The survival rates of Example 1, Example 5, Example 6, Example 7, Example 8, and Example 9 30 days after transplantation were statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 3. Table 3 Plant survival rate Group Survival rate (%) Example 1 95.1 Example 5 84.7 Example 6 82.4 Example 7 86.9 Example 8 91.6 Example 9 89.3 Comparative analysis of the data in Table 3: Comparative analysis of Example 1 and Example 5 shows that in terms of root treatment, the sodium polyglutamate in the coarse root solution retains water, and the potassium humate activates nutrients, forming a "water retention-fertilization-resistance" system with potassium silicate and seaweed extract. Spraying with chitosan oligosaccharide after dipping induces disease resistance, which synergistically promotes root repair with shading and static placement, thereby improving the survival rate of transplanted plants. A comparative analysis of Example 1 with Examples 6 and 7 shows that compared with Example 6, the water-control fertilizer solution and the flower and pod stabilizer work together. The former supplements key nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, and boron as needed and regulates plant growth, while the latter enhances the stress resistance of flower and pods and reduces plant death caused by nutrient imbalance and environmental stress. Compared with Example 7, the polyglutamic acid and citric acid in the water-control fertilizer solution are combined with humic acid to improve soil water and fertilizer conditions and enhance nutrient absorption. The outer polyethylene film of the double-layer composite water-retaining film blocks water, and the inner slow-release film supplies fertilizer, which together create a stable living environment for the plants. A comparative analysis of Example 1, Example 8, and Example 9 shows that Example 1 can improve the plant survival rate more than Examples 8 and 9. This is because the alcohol and high-concentration sulfuric acid treatment in Example 8 can easily excessively damage the seed epidermis and embryo, resulting in water and nutrient loss during germination and weak seedling resistance. Example 9 does not use carboxyl modified nanosilica, and cannot form a water-retaining coating on the seed coat, resulting in an imbalance in water regulation. Example 1 uses precise disinfection to avoid seed coat damage. The carboxylated nanosilica uses its hydrophilicity to form a water-retaining film and adsorbs and releases nutrients, enhancing compatibility with seed cells, activating antioxidant enzymes, and improving membrane permeability, so that the seedlings have strong root systems and strong resistance to stress during germination, and are easier to adapt to the environment after transplanting.

[0046] 4. Seed quality The seeds harvested in Examples 1-4 and 6 were stored in cloth bags at room temperature. The mildew rate and laboratory germination rate after one year of storage are shown in Table 4. The laboratory germination rate test process is as follows: the substrate is double-layer filter paper, the temperature is 25℃, it is disinfected with 70% alcohol for 30-60 seconds, then soaked in 98% sulfuric acid for 6-10 minutes, and germinated in the dark. From the third day, supplementary light is added, and the germination rate on the 14th day is calculated; Table 4 Mildew rate and germination rate Mildew rate Germination rate% Example 1 0.6% 77.5 Example 2 1.5% 66.2 Example 3 1.1% 71.7 Example 4 1.3% 69.2 Example 6 0.9% 72.3 From the analysis of Table 4, it can be seen that the seeds harvested by the present invention have a low mildew rate and a high germination rate (based on the laboratory test method).

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An artificial breeding method for increasing the yield of wild schizonepeta tenuifolia seeds in arid areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect mature wild schizonepeta seeds and select seeds with full grains and no diseases or insect pests; Step 2: sowing the seeds in a plug tray containing a seedling culture medium in a greenhouse to obtain seedlings; Step 3: Open planting holes with a row spacing of 35-40cm in the leveled planting area, and the distance between two adjacent planting holes in each row of planting holes is 32-38cm. A layer of water-retaining base fertilizer is first laid at the bottom of each planting hole. The roots are soaked with coarse root liquid for 10 minutes before planting, and then the seedlings are planted in the planting holes. The field management is to mature plants, wherein the water-retaining base fertilizer includes bentonite and decomposed sheep manure with a mass ratio of 4:5, the coarse root liquid includes 0.2% seaweed extract, 0.05% potassium silicate, and the balance is water. After planting, irrigation is carried out during the seedling branching period, and the irrigation depth between the two rows of planting holes is 10-20mm. Irrigation is carried out again during the budding period, and the irrigation depth between the two rows of planting holes is 20-25mm. Foliar spraying is carried out during the flowering period, and the spraying liquid includes an aqueous solution of borax with a mass concentration of 0.1% and zinc sulfate with a mass concentration of 0.05%, and the spraying amount is 40-50L / mu; Step 4: Cut the mature plants to obtain breeding seeds.

2. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild schizonepeta in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, spray 0.3% matrine aqueous solution during the branching stage, and start irrigation 5 hours after spraying the matrine aqueous solution. Spray 0.4% matrine aqueous solution during the budding stage, and start irrigation 1 day after spraying.

3. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild schizonepeta in arid areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step three, during the branching stage, lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.03% is added to the matrine aqueous solution, the spray droplet size is 250-300 μm, the spraying amount is 15-20 L / mu, and the second spraying is performed after an interval of 48 hours; during the budding stage, lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.03% and chitin oligosaccharide with a mass concentration of 0.1% are added to the matrine aqueous solution; All spraying was done at a position 20 cm above the base of the plant. During the branching stage, irrigation was started 3 hours after the second spraying.

4. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The matrine aqueous solution also includes silk fibroin peptide at a mass concentration of 0.02%.

5. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The silk fibroin peptide is an amphiphilic short peptide modified with succinic anhydride, the hydrophobic end of which is composed of a phenylalanine-valine dipeptide repeating unit, and the hydrophilic end is grafted with rhamnolipid with a mass concentration of 0.01%.

6. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, 0.05% sodium polyglutamate and 0.07% potassium humate are also added to the coarse root liquid. After dipping the roots, the solution is placed in a light-shielded environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25-28°C for 30 minutes, and then a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% is atomized and sprayed on the root surface. The molecular weight of the sodium polyglutamate is 5000-8000Da.

7. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the seedlings are planted in the planting holes, on the 15th, 35th, and 55th days, a water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution is applied to the planting holes. The water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution includes 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% boric acid, 0.1% humic acid, 0.01% prohexadione-calcium, and the balance water. The fertilization method is as follows: first apply 40 ml of the water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution to each planting hole, and cover with 2 cm thick soil. After an interval of 2 hours, apply another 40 ml of the water-promoting and controlling fertilizer solution and cover with a water-retaining film. The water-retaining film is removed after 24 hours. Starting from the 45th day after planting, spray the leaves with a flower and pod stabilizer every 10 days. The flower and pod stabilizer includes 0.05% potassium silicate, 0.003% brassinolide and the balance water, and the spraying amount is 20 L per mu.

8. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: When applying the water-control fertilizer solution for the first time in the planting hole, 0.1% polyglutamic acid and 0.05% citric acid are also added to the water-control fertilizer solution; When covering the soil, sulfonated lignin-coated urea particles accounting for 8% of the volume of the soil are added to the soil, and the particle size of the particles is 0.5-1 mm; The water-retaining film is a double-layer composite film, the outer layer is a polyethylene film, and the inner layer is a starch-based slow-release film, and the slow-release film is loaded with 0.2% humic acid chelated magnesium and 0.03% manganese sulfate particles; After covering the water-retaining film, micropores with a pore size of 2 mm were opened on the film, with a pore density of 20 pores / square meter. Two hours before removing the water-retaining film, a 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution was sprayed on the film surface at a spraying rate of 5 ml / hole.

9. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the screened seeds are first soaked in 45°C water for 20 minutes, then placed in a mixture of polysorbate 80 and ethanol and oscillated for 45 seconds, and then rinsed with water. The seeds are then immersed in a mixture of 98% sulfuric acid and nano-silica suspension in an ice bath, magnetically stirred for 5 minutes, and finally adjusted to pH 6.8 with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution to obtain pretreated seeds. The pretreated seeds are then sown in a seedling matrix plug tray, wherein the nano-silica suspension includes 8% nano-silica and the remainder is anhydrous ethanol, the volume ratio of 98% sulfuric acid to the nano-silica suspension is 1:1, and the mass fraction of polysorbate 80 in the mixture of polysorbate 80 and ethanol is 1%.

10. The artificial breeding method for increasing the seed yield of wild Rhizoma Corydalis in arid areas according to claim 9, characterized in that: The nano-silica in the nano-silica suspension is surface-carboxylated and is specifically prepared by the following steps: A1. Disperse nano-silica in anhydrous ethanol to form an 8 wt% suspension; A2. Add 3-carboxypropyltriethoxysilane to the suspension at a mass ratio of 1:18 to nano-silica, raise the temperature to 68-70°C under nitrogen protection, and stir at 400 rpm for 5 hours; A3. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge and wash with deionized water until neutral, and vacuum dry at 50°C to obtain carboxylated nano-silica.