Treatment method for mildewed cigar tobacco leaves and cigar tobacco leaves

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf processing, and relates to a treatment method of mildewed cigar tobacco leaves and the cigar tobacco leaves, the treatment method comprises the steps of moisture adjustment, tobacco leaf stemming, gradient sterilization and targeted alcoholization on the mildewed cigar tobacco leaves in sequence; wherein the gradient sterilization comprises high-temperature inactivation, humidity-controlled drying and low-temperature water retention which are carried out in sequence; the targeted alcoholization adopts a medium alcoholization mode; the mildewed cigar tobacco leaves are cigar tobacco leaves polluted by white mould. The treatment method provided by the invention gives consideration to sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrading, and effectively solves the problems of raw material waste, and quality reduction or insufficient safety of treated tobacco leaves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf processing and relates to a method for processing cigar tobacco leaves, in particular to a method for processing moldy cigar tobacco leaves and the cigar tobacco leaves. Background Art

[0002] Cigar tobacco leaves are a special type of tobacco raw material, and their fermentation, aging and storage processes are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. In the above links, due to the high moisture content of the tobacco leaves themselves (usually a certain moisture content must be maintained to ensure the conversion of flavor substances), and the difficulty of maintaining the ambient temperature and humidity in the ideal range (for example, high temperature and high humidity environments are prone to the growth of microorganisms), frequent mold has become a common problem faced by the tobacco industry. From the perspective of the core area of ​​mold, the main veins of tobacco leaves have a lignified structure and transport vascular bundles, which provide a rich nutrient matrix and living space for mold, making them a "severely affected area" for mold growth. Among them, the main veins at the base of the leaves are the part with the highest risk of mold, accounting for more than 70% of the risk of tobacco leaf mold.

[0003] Tobacco leaf mold can be divided into three categories according to the type of mold, corresponding to different appearance characteristics and degree of harm: (1) Yellow mold caused by Aspergillus flavus, whose metabolite aflatoxin B1 is a Class I carcinogen and is extremely harmful to the human body; (2) Green mold caused by Penicillium, which produces harmful substances such as ochratoxin A and seriously damages the volatile aroma substances of tobacco leaves; (3) White mold caused by Rhizopus and Mucor, whose metabolites are mainly low-toxic organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, has relatively little effect on the sensory quality of tobacco leaves.

[0004] Due to the high toxicity of aflatoxin and Penicillium mold, these tobacco leaves must be scrapped according to industry regulations. This is a necessary measure to ensure product safety. Although white molded tobacco leaves are less toxic, they are still required to be scrapped due to the lack of effective treatment methods in current processes. This directly leads to the waste of a large amount of usable raw materials, especially for high-quality cigar tobacco leaves, which seriously restricts the economic benefits of enterprises.

[0005] In order to recycle moldy tobacco leaves, the industry has tried a variety of technical means, but all of them have significant defects and cannot meet the needs of safe recycling and quality preservation of white moldy tobacco leaves: (1) Chemical fumigation method: For example, the use of chemical substances such as ethylene oxide and phosphine can inactivate molds, but it will cause the tobacco leaf fibers to become brittle and the tensile strength to decrease. What is more serious is that the residual chemical substances will react with the polyphenols in the tobacco leaves to produce harmful substances such as benzopyrene, which will endanger the safety of the product; (2) High temperature sterilization method: When continuously treated at 100-120℃, short-term high temperature can easily cause the tobacco leaves to become moldy. Surface charring affects the appearance and taste; long-term treatment will lead to the thermal decomposition and loss of flavor-inducing components such as neophytadiene and solanesol, destroying the unique flavor of cigars; (3) Biological antagonism technology: such as the use of lactic acid bacteria spray to inhibit mold, but its inhibitory effect on Rhizopus is poor, and frequent bacterial supplementation is required to maintain the effect, which greatly increases the processing cost; (4) Radiation sterilization: using gamma rays, electron beams, etc. for sterilization, not only the equipment investment is high, but also the tobacco leaves have a bland taste and a decline in sensory quality. It is only suitable for low-end products and cannot meet the processing needs of high-quality cigar tobacco leaves.

[0006] It can be seen that how to provide a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, especially targeting the particularity of white moldy cigar tobacco leaves, taking into account the sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrade, and avoiding raw material waste, quality degradation or safety deficiencies of tobacco leaves after treatment, has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves and cigar tobacco leaves, which take into account the sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrade, and effectively solve the problems of raw material waste, deterioration of tobacco leaf quality after treatment or insufficient safety.

[0008] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, comprising sequentially performing moisture adjustment, tobacco leaf stem removal, gradient sterilization, and targeted aging on the moldy cigar tobacco leaves.

[0010] The gradient sterilization includes high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying and low-temperature water retention in sequence; the targeted alcoholization adopts medium alcoholization.

[0011] The moldy cigar tobacco leaves are cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold, specifically referring to white moldy cigar tobacco leaves caused by Rhizopus and Mucor.

[0012] For cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold, the present invention is based on the synergistic process of "gradient sterilization + targeted aging", which takes into account the sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrade, significantly improves the potential utilization value of moldy tobacco leaves, and effectively solves the problems of raw material waste, deterioration of tobacco leaf quality after processing, or insufficient safety.

[0013] Preferably, the processing method comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Moisture adjustment: adjusting the moisture content of the moldy cigar tobacco leaves to 25wt%-27wt%;

[0015] (2) Tobacco leaf stem removal: remove the main vein at the base of the leaf and retain the main vein at the tip of the leaf;

[0016] (3) Gradient sterilization: Spread the stemmed tobacco leaves into a uniform layer and then perform high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying, and low-temperature water retention in sequence;

[0017] (4) Targeted aging: Spread the sterilized tobacco leaves flat in an aging container for medium aging.

[0018] Preferably, the main vein at the leaf base in step (2) occupies 2 / 3-3 / 4 of the entire leaf base.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the uniform layer in step (3) is ≤5 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature inactivation in step (3) is 105°C-110°C.

[0021] Preferably, the high temperature inactivation time in step (3) is 15 min-20 min.

[0022] Preferably, during the high-temperature inactivation process in step (3), the surface temperature of the tobacco leaves is maintained at ≥100°C and the duration is ≥10 minutes.

[0023] Preferably, the temperature of the moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 80°C-90°C.

[0024] Preferably, the relative humidity of the moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 20%-25%.

[0025] Preferably, the time for moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 15 min-30 min.

[0026] Preferably, the target moisture content of the moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 18 wt%-20 wt%.

[0027] Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 50°C-60°C.

[0028] Preferably, the relative humidity of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 10%-15%.

[0029] Preferably, the low-temperature water retention time in step (3) is 20 min-40 min.

[0030] Preferably, the target moisture content of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 14wt%-16wt%.

[0031] Preferably, the gradient sterilization process in step (3) is accompanied by hot air circulation blowing, and the wind speed of the hot air circulation blowing is 1.5m / s-2.0m / s, and the blowing direction is vertically upward.

[0032] Preferably, during the gradient sterilization process in step (3), the tobacco leaves are turned over every 5-10 minutes.

[0033] Preferably, the material of the alcoholization container in step (4) includes cedar wood and / or oak wood.

[0034] Preferably, the thickness of the tiling in step (4) is ≤40min.

[0035] Preferably, the temperature for alcoholization of the medium in step (4) is 18°C-21°C.

[0036] Preferably, the relative humidity of the medium alcoholization in step (4) is 72%-75%.

[0037] Preferably, the time for aging the medium in step (4) is 60 to 150 days.

[0038] Preferably, the top of the alcoholization container in step (4) is provided with air holes, and the diameter of the air holes is 0.5 cm-1 cm, and the spacing between the air holes is 3 cm-5 cm.

[0039] Preferably, during the targeted alcoholization process in step (4), rum, whiskey or red wine is used to wipe the inner wall of the alcoholization container, and the wiping frequency is once every 2-3 days during the first 30 days of alcoholization, and once every 10-15 days thereafter.

[0040] Preferably, 30 days before the targeted aging in step (4), the tobacco leaves are taken out and turned over every 5-7 days and then left to stand for treatment.

[0041] Preferably, the temperature of the static treatment is 35° C.-45° C., the relative humidity is 85%-95%, and the static treatment time is 1 hour-3 hours.

[0042] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cigar tobacco leaf, wherein the preparation method of the cigar tobacco leaf at least includes the processing method described in the first aspect.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] For cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold, the present invention is based on the synergistic process of "gradient sterilization + targeted aging", which takes into account the sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrade, significantly improves the potential utilization value of moldy tobacco leaves, and effectively solves the problems of raw material waste, deterioration of tobacco leaf quality after processing, or insufficient safety. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are merely to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0046] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, comprising sequentially performing moisture adjustment, stem removal, gradient sterilization, and targeted aging on the moldy cigar tobacco leaves.

[0047] The gradient sterilization includes high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying and low-temperature water retention in sequence; the targeted alcoholization adopts medium alcoholization.

[0048] The moldy cigar tobacco leaves are cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold.

[0049] For cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold, the present invention is based on the synergistic process of "gradient sterilization + targeted aging", which takes into account the sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrade, significantly improves the potential utilization value of moldy tobacco leaves, and effectively solves the problems of raw material waste, deterioration of tobacco leaf quality after processing, or insufficient safety.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) Moisture adjustment: The moisture content of the moldy cigar tobacco leaves is adjusted to 25 wt%-27 wt%, for example, 25 wt%, 25.2 wt%, 25.4 wt%, 25.6 wt%, 25.8 wt%, 26 wt%, 26.2 wt%, 26.4 wt%, 26.6 wt%, 26.8 wt% or 27 wt%, but the values ​​are not limited to the values ​​listed above, and other values ​​not listed within the range are also applicable;

[0052] (2) Tobacco leaf stem removal: remove the main vein at the base of the leaf and retain the main vein at the tip of the leaf;

[0053] (3) Gradient sterilization: Spread the stemmed tobacco leaves into a uniform layer and then perform high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying, and low-temperature water retention in sequence;

[0054] (4) Targeted aging: Spread the sterilized tobacco leaves flat in an aging container for medium aging.

[0055] The moisture adjustment in step (1) provides a stable physical basis for subsequent sterilization and aging, preventing the tobacco leaves from being easily broken during the sterilization process due to low moisture content and also preventing the tobacco leaves from being dried for a longer time due to high moisture content. The present invention precisely controls the tobacco leaf moisture content within the range of 25wt%-27wt%, ensuring slight expansion of the tobacco leaf cell walls and improving the heat conduction efficiency during the sterilization phase, while preventing excessive moisture content from increasing drying energy consumption after sterilization.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the main vein at the base of the leaf in step (2) occupies 2 / 3-3 / 4 of the entire base of the leaf.

[0057] Since the main veins are the main site for mold growth, accounting for more than 70% of the risk of tobacco leaf mildew, and the lignified structure of the main veins hinders sterilization penetration and affects the sterilization effect, the present invention specifically removes the core contaminated area of ​​the tobacco leaves, namely 2 / 3-3 / 4 of the main veins at the base of the leaves, before sterilization, and retains the remaining main veins at the leaf tips. This not only maintains the shape of the tobacco leaves and avoids the problem of tobacco leaf fragmentation after drying, but also significantly reduces the raw material loss rate.

[0058] In some embodiments, the thickness of the uniform layer in step (3) is ≤5 cm, for example, it can be 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm or 5 cm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0059] In certain embodiments, the temperature for high-temperature inactivation in step (3) is 105°C-110°C, for example, 105°C, 106°C, 107°C, 108°C, 109°C or 110°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this numerical range are also applicable.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the high temperature inactivation time in step (3) is 15 min-20 min, for example, it can be 15 min, 15.5 min, 16 min, 16.5 min, 17 min, 17.5 min, 18 min, 18.5 min, 19 min, 19.5 min or 20 min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0061] In certain embodiments, during the high-temperature inactivation process in step (3), the surface temperature of the tobacco leaves is maintained at ≥100°C, for example, 100°C, 101°C, 102°C, 103°C, 104°C, 105°C, 106°C, 107°C, 108°C, 109°C or 110°C, and the duration is ≥10 min, for example, 10 min, 11 min, 12 min, 13 min, 14 min, 15 min, 16 min, 17 min, 18 min, 19 min or 20 min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0062] In certain embodiments, the temperature of the controlled drying in step (3) is 80°C-90°C, for example, 80°C, 81°C, 82°C, 83°C, 84°C, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C or 90°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0063] In some embodiments, the relative humidity of the controlled drying in step (3) is 20%-25%, for example, it can be 20%, 20.5%, 21%, 21.5%, 22%, 22.5%, 23%, 23.5%, 24%, 24.5% or 25%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0064] In some embodiments, the time for the controlled moisture drying in step (3) is 15 min-30 min, for example, it can be 15 min, 16 min, 17 min, 18 min, 19 min, 20 min, 21 min, 22 min, 23 min, 24 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min or 30 min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0065] In some embodiments, the target moisture content of the controlled drying in step (3) is 18 wt%-20 wt%, for example, it can be 18 wt%, 18.5 wt%, 19 wt%, 19.5 wt% or 20 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0066] In certain embodiments, the temperature of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 50°C-60°C, for example, it can be 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C or 60°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0067] In some embodiments, the relative humidity of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 10%-15%, for example, it can be 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, 14%, 14.5% or 15%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0068] In some embodiments, the low-temperature water retention time in step (3) is 20 min-40 min, for example, it can be 20 min, 22 min, 24 min, 26 min, 28 min, 30 min, 32 min, 34 min, 36 min, 38 min or 40 min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0069] In some embodiments, the target moisture content of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 14wt%-16wt%, for example, it can be 14wt%, 14.2wt%, 14.4wt%, 14.6wt%, 14.8wt%, 15wt%, 15.2wt%, 15.4wt%, 15.6wt%, 15.8wt% or 16wt%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0070] The present invention adopts a phased control strategy to perform gradient sterilization on tobacco leaves, taking into account both sterilization efficiency and tobacco leaf integrity through "short-term high-temperature shock", avoiding the carbonization of the tobacco leaf surface caused by traditional single-stage high-temperature treatment. Among them, the high-temperature inactivation stage penetrates the mold biofilm through instantaneous high temperature (tobacco leaf surface temperature ≥100℃ for more than 10 minutes), directly destroying its cell wall and nucleic acid structure; the humidity control and drying stage quickly reduces the free water content of the tobacco leaves through a low humidity environment, destroying the liquid environment for microbial recovery; the low-temperature water conservation stage uses gradient cooling (high temperature → medium temperature → low temperature) and ultra-low humidity environment to evenly migrate the moisture inside the tobacco leaves, avoiding the breakage of the tobacco leaves caused by a sudden drop in moisture.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the gradient sterilization process in step (3) is accompanied by hot air circulation blowing, and the wind speed of the hot air circulation blowing is 1.5m / s-2.0m / s, and the blowing direction is vertically upward. For example, the wind speed can be 1.5m / s, 1.6m / s, 1.7m / s, 1.8m / s, 1.9m / s or 2.0m / s, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this numerical range are also applicable.

[0072] In certain embodiments, during the gradient sterilization process in step (3), the tobacco leaves are turned over every 5-10 minutes, for example, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes or 10 minutes, but are not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this numerical range are also applicable.

[0073] The present invention adopts hot air circulation blowing with vertical upward air supply to accelerate water evaporation and carry away volatile toxins (such as ammonia and aldehydes), avoiding the accumulation of toxins on the surface of tobacco leaves. Combined with periodic turning, it achieves uniform heat distribution and accurately controls the final moisture content of the tobacco leaves within the range of 14wt%-16wt%, providing an ideal moisture gradient for subsequent aging.

[0074] In some embodiments, the material of the alcoholization container in step (4) includes cedar wood and / or oak wood.

[0075] Since moldy tobacco leaves will cause a residual "musty smell" in the tobacco leaves, and the high-temperature treatment in the sterilization stage will cause some of the aroma of the tobacco leaves to be lost, in order to ensure the quality of the tobacco leaves, the present invention promotes the discharge of tobacco leaves and the improvement of their aroma through medium alcoholization. The alcoholization container is specially selected from cedar, oak and other woods that are in harmony with the aroma of the cigar itself, and the strong adsorption capacity of tobacco itself is utilized to promote the full fusion of wood aroma and eggplant aroma.

[0076] In some embodiments, the tiling thickness in step (4) is ≤40 min, for example, it can be 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min or 40 min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0077] In certain embodiments, the temperature for alcoholization of the medium in step (4) is 18°C-21°C, for example, 18°C, 18.5°C, 19°C, 19.5°C, 20°C, 20.5°C or 21°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0078] In some embodiments, the relative humidity of the medium alcoholization in step (4) is 72%-75%, for example, it can be 72%, 72.5%, 73%, 73.5%, 74%, 74.5% or 75%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0079] In certain embodiments, the aging time of the medium in step (4) is 60 days to 150 days, for example, 60 days, 70 days, 80 days, 90 days, 100 days, 110 days, 120 days, 130 days, 140 days or 150 days, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the top of the alcoholization container in step (4) is provided with air holes, and the diameter of the air holes is 0.5 cm-1 cm, for example, it can be 0.5 cm, 0.6 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.9 cm or 1 cm, and the spacing is 3 cm-5 cm, for example, it can be 3 cm, 3.2 cm, 3.4 cm, 3.6 cm, 3.8 cm, 4 cm, 4.2 cm, 4.4 cm, 4.6 cm, 4.8 cm or 5 cm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0081] The present invention provides air holes on the top of the alcoholization container, which can not only balance oxygen exchange and humidity stability, but also promote the discharge of impurities during the alcoholization process.

[0082] In certain embodiments, during the targeted alcoholization process in step (4), rum, whiskey or red wine is used to wipe the inner wall of the alcoholization container, and the wiping frequency is once every 2-3 days during the first 30 days of alcoholization and once every 10-15 days thereafter.

[0083] In the targeted alcoholization process of the present invention, rum, whiskey or red wine is used to wipe the inner wall of the alcoholization container, and the odor molecules are taken away by alcohol volatilization. The flavors of these three kinds of wine are coordinated with cigars, and ester aroma can be introduced to further enhance the aroma of tobacco leaves.

[0084] In certain embodiments, 30 days before the targeted aging in step (4), the tobacco leaves are taken out and turned over every 5-7 days and then left to stand for treatment.

[0085] In some embodiments, the temperature of the static treatment is 35°C-45°C, for example, it can be 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C or 45°C, the relative humidity is 85%-95%, for example, it can be 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94% or 95%, and the static time is 1h-3h, for example, it can be 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h, 2h, 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h or 3h, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0086] The present invention periodically takes out the tobacco leaves, turns them over, and places them in an environment with a temperature of 35°C-45°C and a relative humidity of 85%-95% for static treatment. The purpose is to stimulate the pore size of the tobacco leaves by short-term high temperature and high humidity, accelerate the full escape of small molecular impurities (such as ammonia), and further improve the quality of the tobacco leaves.

[0087] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a cigar tobacco leaf, wherein the preparation method of the cigar tobacco leaf at least includes the processing method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0088] The numerical range described in the present invention includes not only the point values ​​listed above, but also any point values ​​between the above numerical ranges that are not listed. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, the present invention no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0089] Example 1

[0090] This embodiment provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] (1) Moisture adjustment: adjusting the moisture content of the moldy cigar tobacco leaves to 26 wt%;

[0092] (2) Tobacco leaf stem removal: remove 2 / 3 of the main veins at the base of the leaf and retain the remaining main veins at the tip of the leaf;

[0093] (3) Gradient sterilization: The stemmed tobacco leaves are spread into a uniform layer with a thickness of 4 cm, and then subjected to high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying, and low-temperature water retention in sequence. During the gradient sterilization process, hot air is blown in a circulation at 1.8 m / s, and the blowing direction is vertically upward. During the gradient sterilization process, the tobacco leaves are turned every 8 minutes to ensure uniform moisture distribution. The gradient sterilization process is as follows:

[0094] (3.1) High temperature inactivation: Treat at 106°C for 18 minutes, maintaining the tobacco leaf surface temperature ≥ 100°C for 10 minutes;

[0095] (3.2) Moisture-controlled drying: drying at 85°C and 22% relative humidity for 25 min to a target moisture content of 19 wt%;

[0096] (3.3) Low-temperature moisture retention: The tobacco leaves were treated at a temperature of 55°C and a relative humidity of 12% for 30 min to a target moisture content of 15 wt%;

[0097] (4) Targeted aging: The sterilized tobacco leaves were spread flat in an aging container made of cedar wood for medium aging. The thickness of the spread was 30 minutes. The temperature of the medium aging was controlled at 20°C and the relative humidity was 73%. The top of the aging container was provided with air holes with a diameter of 0.8 cm and a spacing of 4 cm. During the targeted aging process, the inner wall of the aging container was wiped with rum. The wiping frequency was once every 2 days in the first 30 days of aging, and once every 12 days thereafter. At the same time, in the first 30 days of aging, the tobacco leaves were taken out and turned over every 6 days and then left to stand for 2 hours in an environment with a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 90%. The total aging time was 100 days, and finally the treated cigar tobacco leaves were obtained.

[0098] Example 2

[0099] This embodiment provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0100] (1) Moisture adjustment: adjusting the moisture content of the moldy cigar tobacco leaves to 25 wt%;

[0101] (2) Tobacco leaf stem removal: remove 2 / 3 of the main veins at the base of the leaf and retain the remaining main veins at the tip of the leaf;

[0102] (3) Gradient sterilization: The stemmed tobacco leaves are spread into a uniform layer with a thickness of 5 cm, and then subjected to high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying, and low-temperature water retention in sequence. During the gradient sterilization process, hot air circulation is blown at a speed of 2.0 m / s, and the blowing direction is vertically upward. During the gradient sterilization process, the tobacco leaves are turned every 5 minutes to ensure uniform moisture distribution. The gradient sterilization process is as follows:

[0103] (3.1) High temperature inactivation: Treat at 110°C for 15 minutes, maintaining the tobacco leaf surface temperature ≥ 100°C for 10 minutes;

[0104] (3.2) Moisture-controlled drying: drying at 80°C and 20% relative humidity for 15 min to achieve a target moisture content of 18 wt%;

[0105] (3.3) Low-temperature moisture retention: The tobacco leaves were treated at a temperature of 50°C and a relative humidity of 10% for 20 min to a target moisture content of 14 wt%;

[0106] (4) Targeted aging: Sterilized tobacco leaves were spread flat in an oak aging container for medium aging. The thickness of the spread was 40 minutes. The temperature of the medium aging was controlled at 18°C ​​and the relative humidity was 72%. The top of the aging container was provided with air holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm and a spacing of 3 cm. During the targeted aging process, the inner wall of the aging container was wiped with whiskey. The wiping frequency was once every 3 days in the first 30 days of aging, and once every 10 days thereafter. At the same time, in the first 30 days of aging, the tobacco leaves were taken out and turned over every 5 days and then left to stand for 1 hour in an environment with a temperature of 35°C and a relative humidity of 85%. The total aging time was 60 days, and finally the treated cigar tobacco leaves were obtained.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] This embodiment provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0109] (1) Moisture adjustment: adjusting the moisture content of the moldy cigar tobacco leaves to 27 wt%;

[0110] (2) Tobacco leaf stem removal: remove 2 / 3 of the main veins at the base of the leaf and retain the remaining main veins at the tip of the leaf;

[0111] (3) Gradient sterilization: The stemmed tobacco leaves are spread into a uniform layer with a thickness of 3 cm, and then subjected to high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying, and low-temperature water retention in sequence. During the gradient sterilization process, hot air is blown in a circulation at 1.5 m / s, and the blowing direction is vertically upward. During the gradient sterilization process, the tobacco leaves are turned every 10 minutes to ensure uniform moisture distribution. The gradient sterilization process is as follows:

[0112] (3.1) High temperature inactivation: Treat at 105°C for 20 minutes, maintaining the tobacco leaf surface temperature ≥ 100°C for 10 minutes;

[0113] (3.2) Moisture-controlled drying: drying at 90°C and 25% relative humidity for 30 min to achieve a target moisture content of 20 wt% for the tobacco leaves;

[0114] (3.3) Low-temperature moisture retention: The tobacco leaves were treated at a temperature of 60°C and a relative humidity of 15% for 40 min to a target moisture content of 16 wt%;

[0115] (4) Targeted aging: The sterilized tobacco leaves were spread flat in an aging container made of cedar wood for medium aging. The thickness of the spread was 30 minutes. The temperature of the medium aging was controlled at 21°C and the relative humidity was 75%. The top of the aging container was provided with air holes with a diameter of 1 cm and a spacing of 5 cm. During the targeted aging process, the inner wall of the aging container was wiped with red wine. The wiping frequency was once every 2 days in the first 30 days of aging, and once every 15 days thereafter. At the same time, in the first 30 days of aging, the tobacco leaves were taken out and turned over every 7 days and then left to stand for 3 hours in an environment with a temperature of 45°C and a relative humidity of 95%. The total aging time was 150 days, and the treated cigar tobacco leaves were finally obtained.

[0116] Comparative Example 1

[0117] This comparative example provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves. Except that the tobacco leaves are not stemmed, the moisture-adjusted tobacco leaves are directly subjected to gradient sterilization and targeted aging in sequence. The remaining steps and conditions are the same as those in Example 1 and are not described in detail here.

[0118] Comparative Example 2

[0119] This comparative example provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves. Except that only high-temperature inactivation is performed in the sterilization step, that is, gradient sterilization is changed to a single-stage high-temperature treatment, the remaining steps and conditions are the same as those in Example 1 and are not repeated here.

[0120] Comparative Example 3

[0121] This comparative example provides a method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves. Except that a stainless steel aging container is used in the aging process and the inner wall of the container is not wiped with wine, the remaining steps and conditions are the same as those in Example 1 and are not repeated here.

[0122] Upon observation, no white mold remained on the surface of the cigar tobacco leaves obtained in Examples 1-3, and the tobacco leaves had good integrity and rich aroma. In contrast, a small amount of white mold still remained on the surface of the cigar tobacco leaves obtained in Comparative Example 1. The surface of the cigar tobacco leaves obtained in Comparative Example 2 was charred, and the tobacco leaves were severely broken. The aroma richness of the cigar tobacco leaves obtained in Comparative Example 3 was significantly inferior to that of Example 1.

[0123] It can be seen that for cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold, the present invention is based on the synergistic process of "gradient sterilization + targeted aging", which takes into account the sterilization effect, tobacco leaf integrity and quality upgrade, significantly improves the potential utilization value of moldy tobacco leaves, and effectively solves the problems of raw material waste, deterioration of tobacco leaf quality after processing, or insufficient safety.

[0124] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The treatment method comprises sequentially performing moisture regulation, stem removal, gradient sterilization and targeted aging on moldy cigar tobacco leaves; The gradient sterilization includes high temperature inactivation, humidity-controlled drying and low temperature water retention in sequence; the targeted alcoholization adopts medium alcoholization; The moldy cigar tobacco leaves are cigar tobacco leaves contaminated by white mold.

2. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing method comprises the following steps: (1) Moisture adjustment: adjusting the moisture content of the moldy cigar tobacco leaves to 25wt%-27wt%; (2) Tobacco leaf stem removal: remove the main vein at the base of the leaf and retain the main vein at the tip of the leaf; (3) Gradient sterilization: Spread the stemmed tobacco leaves into a uniform layer and then perform high-temperature inactivation, moisture-controlled drying, and low-temperature water retention in sequence; (4) Targeted aging: Spread the sterilized tobacco leaves flat in an aging container for medium aging.

3. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main vein at the base of the leaf in step (2) occupies 2 / 3-3 / 4 of the entire base of the leaf.

4. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the uniform layer in step (3) is ≤5 cm; And / or, the temperature of the high temperature inactivation in step (3) is 105°C-110°C; And / or, the high temperature inactivation time in step (3) is 15 min-20 min; And / or, during the high-temperature inactivation process in step (3), the surface temperature of the tobacco leaves is maintained at ≥100°C and the duration is ≥10 minutes.

5. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 80° C.-90° C.; And / or, the relative humidity of the moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 20%-25%; And / or, the time for moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 15 min-30 min; And / or, the target moisture content of the moisture-controlled drying in step (3) is 18wt%-20wt%.

6. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 50°C-60°C; And / or, the relative humidity of the low temperature water retention in step (3) is 10%-15%; And / or, the low temperature water retention time in step (3) is 20 min-40 min; And / or, the target moisture content of the low-temperature water retention in step (3) is 14wt%-16wt%.

7. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gradient sterilization process in step (3) is accompanied by hot air circulation blowing, and the wind speed of the hot air circulation blowing is 1.5m / s-2.0m / s, and the blowing direction is vertically upward; And / or, during the gradient sterilization process in step (3), the tobacco leaves are turned over every 5 minutes to 10 minutes.

8. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the alcoholization container in step (4) includes cedar and / or oak; and / or, the thickness of the tiling in step (4) is ≤40min; And / or, the temperature of the medium alcoholization in step (4) is 18°C-21°C; and / or, the relative humidity of the medium alcoholization in step (4) is 72%-75%; And / or, the time for aging the medium in step (4) is 60 days to 150 days.

9. The method for treating moldy cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the alcoholization container in step (4) is provided with air holes, and the diameter of the air holes is 0.5 cm to 1 cm, and the spacing is 3 cm to 5 cm; And / or, during the targeted alcoholization process of step (4), rum, whiskey or red wine is used to wipe the inner wall of the alcoholization container, and the wiping frequency is once every 2-3 days during the first 30 days of alcoholization, and once every 10-15 days thereafter; And / or, 30 days before the targeted aging in step (4), the tobacco leaves are taken out and turned over every 5-7 days and then left to stand for treatment; The temperature of the static treatment is 35° C.-45° C., the relative humidity is 85%-95%, and the static treatment time is 1 hour-3 hours.

10. A cigar tobacco leaf, characterized in that: The preparation method of the cigar tobacco leaf at least includes the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.