Rotary positioning device for metal material welding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a rotary positioning device for metal material welding, which comprises a fixed barrel, a sliding seat is arranged above the fixed barrel, a welding head is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the sliding seat, and a laser range finder is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the sliding seat and on one side of the welding head. The laser range finder is electrically connected with a controller; and the clamping and positioning rotating assembly is used for clamping a circular workpiece and driving the circular workpiece to rotate, the clamping and positioning rotating assembly comprises a rotating main shaft rotationally installed at the inner bottom end of the fixing barrel, the outer wall of the rotating main shaft is sleeved with a conical wheel, and a plurality of vertical grooves are formed in the outer wall of the conical wheel in a circumferential array mode. The laser range finder is used for monitoring the thickness change of the welding seam of the workpiece in real time, the controller dynamically adjusts the welding speed and the rotating speed of the workpiece according to the thickness change, and the defects of incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion or burn-through and the like caused by thickness deviation in the prior art are effectively overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to a rotary positioning device for welding metal materials. Background Art

[0002] Metal welding is the process of joining two pieces of metal together by heating them to a sufficient temperature or by adding filler metal under a certain pressure. Welding is not only used to repair metal parts, but is also widely used in production, construction, shipbuilding, automobiles and other industries.

[0003] In the field of metal welding technology, for example, a welding auxiliary device for the production and processing of automotive parts, disclosed in patent publication number CN118768845B, improves the efficiency of multi-station continuous operations through four-way positioning drive, welding head position switching, and an integrated cleaning component. However, the device lacks a real-time detection mechanism for workpiece thickness, leading to the following core drawbacks in practical applications:

[0004] When the thickness deviation of the workpiece is not identified (such as nominal 1.5mm but actual 2.0mm), the device still welds at the preset speed. If the welding speed is too fast, insufficient heat input will cause the molten pool to fail to fully penetrate the blunt edge of the parent material, thereby forming a root incomplete weld defect. If the welding speed is too slow, the temperature between the thick plate layers will be out of control, and the risk of unfused side walls of the groove will increase. When thin plates are mistakenly welded at a low speed, excessive heat accumulation will cause the molten pool to overheat and burn through. There is no speed compensation for the butt joint of different thickness plates, and the uneven shrinkage will cause the deformation to exceed the tolerance by 40%, increasing the correction cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a rotary positioning device for metal material welding, which can effectively solve the problem in the prior art that the welding speed cannot be adjusted according to the thickness of the welded part.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a rotary positioning device for metal material welding, comprising:

[0008] A fixed barrel, wherein a slide is provided above the fixed barrel, a welding head is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide, a laser rangefinder is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide and on one side of the welding head, and the laser rangefinder is electrically connected to a controller;

[0009] A clamping and positioning rotating assembly is used to clamp a circular workpiece and drive it to rotate. The clamping and positioning rotating assembly includes a rotating spindle rotatably mounted at the bottom end of the fixed barrel. The outer wall of the rotating spindle is provided with a conical wheel, and the outer wall of the conical wheel is provided with a plurality of vertical grooves in a circumferential array.

[0010] A variable speed drive assembly, the variable speed drive assembly including a conical disc frictionally connected to the outer wall of the conical wheel, the conical disc being driven to rise and fall on the inner wall of the fixed barrel and maintaining frictional transmission with the conical wheel, the maximum diameter of the conical wheel being smaller than the maximum diameter of the conical disc but larger than the minimum diameter of the conical disc;

[0011] The smoking assembly includes a horizontal plate fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the fixed barrel, a round box fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the horizontal plate, a fan blade rotatably mounted inside the round box, and the rotation speed of the fan blade can adaptively match the welding speed of the welding head.

[0012] Preferably, a bracket is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fixed barrel, a lifting drive component is embedded in the upper end surface of the bracket, the lifting drive component is electrically connected to the controller, a lifting plate is rotatably installed on the output end of the lifting drive component, the lifting plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bracket, a slide rail is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the lifting plate, and the outer wall of the slide rail is slidably connected to the slide seat.

[0013] Preferably, a supporting plate is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the rotating main shaft, a rotating sleeve is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the rotating main shaft and above the conical wheel, a rotating disk is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, a plurality of arc grooves are opened in a circumferential array on the lower end surface of the rotating disk, a plurality of external frames are fixedly mounted on the circumferential array of the outer wall of the supporting plate, a clamping block is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the external frame, a linkage rod is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the clamping block, a fixing rod is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the linkage rod, a telescopic rod is slidably mounted on one end of the fixing rod, a sliding rod is fixedly mounted between the telescopic rod and the fixed rod, a first spring is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic rod, and the first spring is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc groove.

[0014] Preferably, a rotating rod is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, and a threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the rotating rod. One end of the threaded rod passes through the rotating sleeve and is in contact with the rotating main shaft.

[0015] Preferably, a fixed seat is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the fixed barrel, a hexagonal transmission rod is rotatably installed on the upper end surface of the fixed seat, an external plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixed barrel and above the fixed seat, a telescopic plate is slidably installed on one end of the external plate, external blocks are symmetrically installed on both sides of the telescopic plate and the external plate, and a second spring is fixedly installed between the external blocks.

[0016] Preferably, support frames are fixedly installed on both sides of the telescopic plate, a lifting gear rod is slidably installed in the telescopic plate, the outer wall of the lifting gear rod is fixedly connected to the conical disk, a first rotary driving member is fixedly installed on the top end of the fixed seat, the output end of the first rotary driving member passes through the fixed seat and is fixedly installed with a hexagonal transmission rod, the hexagonal transmission rod is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, and the outer wall of the hexagonal transmission rod is slidably connected to the lifting gear rod.

[0017] Preferably, a first vertical plate is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic plate, a second rotary driving member is fixedly mounted on one side of the first vertical plate, an output end of the second rotary driving member passes through the first vertical plate and is fixedly mounted with a tooth head, the tooth head is engaged with the lifting gear rod, a second vertical plate is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic plate, a rotation detection element is fixedly mounted on one side of the second vertical plate, and the rotation detection element is electrically connected to the controller.

[0018] The top end face of described sliding panel also is provided with an interlocking structure, and the interlocking structure of described sliding panel also is provided with an interlocking structure, and the interlocking structure of described sliding panel is connected with the interlocking structure of described sliding panel.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] First, the thickness changes at the workpiece weld are monitored in real time by a laser rangefinder, and the controller dynamically adjusts the welding speed and workpiece rotation rate accordingly, effectively solving defects such as incomplete penetration, lack of fusion or burn-through caused by thickness deviation in existing technologies. Specifically, when a thin-walled area is detected (such as a thickness lower than the nominal value), the controller increases the input voltage to the lifting drive member, driving the welding head to move rapidly; at the same time, the second rotary drive member in the variable speed drive assembly adjusts the lifting gear rod, causing the conical disk to move down to the small diameter end of the conical wheel for friction transmission, thereby accelerating the rotation of the workpiece. This synchronous adjustment mechanism ensures that the heat input of the molten pool accurately matches the material thickness - high-speed welding in thin-walled areas reduces heat accumulation and prevents burn-through; low-speed welding in thick-walled areas ensures sufficient penetration of the molten pool and avoids lack of fusion.

[0021] Second, the intelligent linkage between the exhaust assembly and welding speed solves the problem of welding fume interfering with laser ranging, improving the safety of the working environment and the reliability of detection. The fan speed is adaptively adjusted through the friction transmission between the conical head and the conical column: when the welding speed increases (such as thin-wall welding), the rotation detection element signal of the variable speed drive assembly drives the lifting drive device to move the displacement plate downward, so that the conical head contacts the small diameter end of the conical column, driving the fan blades to rotate at high speed; conversely, the fan speed is reduced during low-speed welding. This synchronous design ensures that the high-temperature fume generated by high-speed welding is efficiently sucked away (through the suction head, suction pipe, and round box for filtration and discharge), preventing the fume from obstructing the laser path. At the same time, the fan does not over-extract during low-speed welding, maintaining the stability of the shielding gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bracket of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fixed barrel of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the clamping, positioning and rotating assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the variable speed drive assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A in the middle is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the smoking component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure numerals: 1, fixed barrel; 101, bracket; 102, lifting drive member; 103, lifting plate; 104, slide rail; 105, slide seat; 106, welding head; 107, laser rangefinder; 2, clamping and positioning rotation assembly; 201, rotating spindle; 202, conical wheel; 203, support plate; 204, rotating disk; 205, rotating sleeve; 206, rotating rod; 207, threaded rod; 208, arc groove; 209, external frame; 210, clamping block; 211, linkage rod; 212, fixed rod; 213, telescopic rod; 214, first spring; 215, sliding rod; 3, speed change drive assembly; 301, fixed seat; 302, six Angular transmission rod; 303, external plate; 304, telescopic plate; 305, lifting gear rod; 306, support frame; 307, external block; 308, second spring; 309, conical disk; 310, second rotary drive member; 311, first vertical plate; 312, tooth head; 313, second vertical plate; 314, rotation detection element; 4, smoking component; 401, horizontal plate; 402, conical column; 403, round box; 404, exhaust pipe; 405, suction pipe; 406, suction head; 407, fan blade; 408, lifting drive device; 409, displacement plate; 410, collar; 411, slide rod; 412, conical head; 413, third spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0033] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 7 , a rotary positioning device for metal material welding, comprising:

[0034] A fixed barrel 1 is provided above the fixed barrel 1. A slide 105 is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide 105. A welding head 106 is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide 105 and on one side of the welding head 106. A laser rangefinder 107 is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide 105 and on one side of the welding head 106. The laser rangefinder 107 is electrically connected to a controller. The laser rangefinder 107 adopts an existing one-way rangefinder and is an instrument that measures the distance to a target by emitting a laser beam and measuring the time or phase difference from the laser emission point to the reflection from the target surface, thereby calculating the distance to the target. The laser rangefinder 107 is installed at a 30° position on one side of the welding head 106, 15-20 mm away from the welding point, and the sampling frequency is ≥1 kHz.

[0035] The clamping and positioning rotating assembly 2 is used to clamp the circular workpiece and drive it to rotate. The clamping and positioning rotating assembly 2 includes a rotating spindle 201 rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the fixed barrel 1. The outer wall of the rotating spindle 201 is provided with a conical wheel 202, and the outer wall of the conical wheel 202 is provided with a plurality of vertical grooves in a circumferential array;

[0036] The variable speed drive assembly 3 includes a conical disc 309 frictionally connected to the outer wall of the conical wheel 202. The conical disc 309 is driven to rise and fall on the inner wall of the fixed barrel 1 and maintains friction transmission with the conical wheel 202. The maximum diameter of the conical wheel 202 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the conical disc 309 but larger than the minimum diameter of the conical disc 309. The conical disc 309 is made of 20CrMnTi carburized and quenched steel, and the conical wheel 202 is made of QT600-3 ductile iron. The outer wall of the conical disc 309 is sprayed with a WC-12Co metal ceramic coating on the working surface, and the friction coefficient is stabilized at 0.35-0.4. The vertical groove on the outer wall of the conical wheel 202 is embedded with a copper-based graphite composite insert, which uses the self-lubricating property of graphite to compensate for instantaneous slippage and avoid friction noise.

[0037] The smoking component 4 includes a horizontal plate 401 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the fixed barrel 1, a round box 403 fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the horizontal plate 401, and a fan blade 407 rotatably mounted in the round box 403, and the rotation speed of the fan blade 407 can adaptively match the welding speed of the welding head 106.

[0038] Reference Figure 2The outer wall of the fixed barrel 1 is fixedly installed with a bracket 101, and the upper end surface of the bracket 101 is embedded with a lifting drive member 102. The lifting drive member 102 is an existing device, which is composed of a motor, a screw sleeve and a screw, wherein the lower end of the screw is rotatably connected to the lifting plate 103 and drives it to rise and fall. The lifting drive member 102 is electrically connected to the controller, and the output end of the lifting drive member 102 is rotatably installed with the lifting plate 103, and the lifting plate 103 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bracket 101. The lower end surface of the lifting plate 103 is fixedly installed with a slide rail 104, and the outer wall of the slide rail 104 is slidably connected to the slide seat 105.

[0039] Reference Figures 3 and 4 , a supporting plate 203 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the rotating main shaft 201, and a rotating sleeve 205 is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the rotating main shaft 201 and above the conical wheel 202, and a rotating disk 204 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve 205, and a plurality of arc grooves 208 are opened in a circumferential array on the lower end surface of the rotating disk 204, and a plurality of external frames 209 are fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the supporting plate 203, and a clamping block 210 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the external frame 209, and a linkage rod 211 is rotatably installed on the lower end of the clamping block 210, and a fixed rod 212 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the linkage rod 211. A telescopic rod 213 is slidably installed on one end of the fixed rod 212, and a sliding rod 215 is fixedly installed between the telescopic rod 213 and the fixed rod 212. A first spring 214 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the telescopic rod 213, and the first spring 214 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc groove 208;

[0040] The clamping and positioning rotating assembly 2 is hingedly connected with the linkage rod 211 and the telescopic rod 213. When the rotating disk 204 rotates, the arc groove 208 pushes the first spring 214 to drive the clamping block 210 to contract radially. When the thickness of the workpiece is uneven, the telescopic rod 213 can be extended and retracted along the sliding rod 215 to compensate for the height difference, so that the clamping block 210 always applies force evenly. This adaptive clamping avoids local stress concentration, measures the roundness deviation of the workpiece, and reduces the risk of welding deformation from the root. In addition, during the welding process of the workpiece, when the workpiece is deformed due to welding heat, the first spring 214 can elastically compensate for the displacement of the workpiece due to thermal expansion.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 The outer wall of the rotating sleeve 205 is fixedly mounted with a rotating rod 206, and the inner wall of the rotating rod 206 is rotatably mounted with a threaded rod 207, one end of the threaded rod 207 passes through the rotating sleeve 205 and is in contact with the rotating main shaft 201;

[0042] The threaded rod 207 passes through the rotating sleeve 205 and presses against the rotating main shaft 201 to form a mechanical self-locking. When the threaded rod 207 is tightened, the friction torque between its end and the rotating main shaft 201 is greater than the welding torque, thus preventing the clamping from loosening.

[0043] Reference Figures 5 and 6A fixed seat 301 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the fixed barrel 1, and a hexagonal transmission rod 302 is rotatably installed on the upper end surface of the fixed seat 301. The hexagonal transmission rod 302 has a hexagonal corner on the outer wall, so it can slide with the lifting gear rod 305 to drive the lifting gear rod 305 to rotate, thereby transmitting rotational power. An external plate 303 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixed barrel 1 and above the fixed seat 301. A telescopic plate 304 is slidably installed on one end of the external plate 303. External blocks 307 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the telescopic plate 304 and the external plate 303, and a second spring 308 is fixedly installed between the external blocks 307.

[0044] Reference Figures 5 and 6 , support frames 306 are fixedly installed on both sides of the telescopic plate 304, and a lifting gear rod 305 is slidably installed in the telescopic plate 304. The outer wall of the lifting gear rod 305 is fixedly connected to the conical disk 309, and a first rotary driving member is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed seat 301. The output end of the first rotary driving member passes through the fixed seat 301 and is fixedly installed with a hexagonal transmission rod 302. The hexagonal transmission rod 302 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 301, and the outer wall of the hexagonal transmission rod 302 is slidably connected to the lifting gear rod 305.

[0045] Reference Figures 5 and 6 , a first vertical plate 311 is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic plate 304, a second rotary driving member 310 is fixedly mounted on one side of the first vertical plate 311, an output end of the second rotary driving member 310 passes through the first vertical plate 311 and is fixedly mounted with a tooth head 312, the tooth head 312 is engaged with the lifting gear rod 305, a second vertical plate 313 is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic plate 304, a rotation detection element 314 is fixedly mounted on one side of the second vertical plate 313, the rotation detection element 314 adopts an existing rotary encoder for use, whenever the rotating shaft rotates a certain angle, the encoder outputs a certain number of pulse signals, the frequency and direction of the signal can reflect the speed and direction of rotation, the rotation detection element 314 is electrically connected to the controller;

[0046] The sliding connection between the hexagonal transmission rod 302 and the lifting gear rod 305 cooperates with the second spring 308. If the friction resistance between the conical disk 309 and the conical wheel 202 suddenly changes (such as foreign objects getting stuck), the telescopic plate 304 will compress the second spring 308 and move it backward, which can protect the transmission structure from hard damage and extend the life of the equipment.

[0047] Reference Figures 5 to 7The upper end surface of the horizontal plate 401 is rotatably mounted with a conical column 402, the lower end of the conical column 402 passes through the horizontal plate 401 and is fixedly connected to the fan blade 407, the outer wall of the round box 403 is connected with an air intake pipe 405, the upper end of the air intake pipe 405 is connected with an air intake head 406, the lower end of the round box 403 is connected with an exhaust pipe 404, and a lifting drive device 408 is fixedly mounted on one side of the telescopic plate 304. The lifting drive device 408 is an existing device composed of a frame, a motor and a screw, wherein the outer wall of the thread is threadedly connected to the displacement plate 409, thereby driving the displacement plate 409 to lift and lower. During the lifting process, the displacement plate 409 will be slidably connected to the inner wall of the frame for limiting. The lifting drive device 408 is electrically connected to the controller, and the output end of the lifting drive device 408 is threadedly mounted with the displacement plate 40 9. A collar 410 is fixedly mounted on one end of the displacement plate 409. Two slideways are symmetrically mounted on the outer wall of the collar 410. A slide rod 411 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the slide. A supporting plate is fixedly mounted on one end of the slide rod 411. A third rotary drive member is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the supporting plate. The output end of the third rotary drive member passes through the supporting plate and is fixedly mounted with a conical head 412. The conical head 412 is rotatably connected to the supporting plate. A third spring 413 is fixedly mounted between the supporting plate and the collar 410. The conical head 412 is frictionally connected to the outer wall of the conical column 402. The maximum diameter of the conical head 412 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the conical column 402 but larger than the minimum diameter of the conical column 402. The first rotary drive member, the second rotary drive member 310 and the third rotary drive member adopt existing servo motors.

[0048] The conical head 412 is made of sintered copper-tin alloy (CuSn10) with a porosity of 15% to 20%. It is impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to fill the micropores. PTFE provides a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.05-0.1 and is not easy for dust to adhere.

[0049] The conical column 402 is made of 38CrMoAl nitrided steel, and its ultra-hard and smooth surface reduces the shedding of the PTFE transfer film;

[0050] The third spring 413 provides a constant pressing force for the conical head 412 to ensure that the friction transmission does not slip. When the lifting drive device 408 adjusts the height of the displacement plate 409, the conical head 412 moves along the busbar of the conical column 402, and the transmission ratio changes linearly, so that the fan speed and welding speed are accurately matched.

[0051] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0052] By placing the circular workpiece on the top of the support plate 203, placing the welding parts to be welded to the outer wall of the circular workpiece on the upper end surface of the external frame 209 so that a weld is formed with the circular workpiece, and by rotating the rotating rod 206 to drive the rotating sleeve 205 to drive the rotating disk 204 to rotate, the arc groove 208 opened on the lower end surface of the rotating disk 204 is rotatably connected with each first spring 214, so that the first spring 214 slides in the arc groove 208 and moves toward the center line direction of the rotating disk 204, and the moving first spring 214 drives The telescopic rod 213, the fixed rod 212, the linkage rod 211 and the clamping block 210 move together toward the center line direction of the rotating disk 204. During the movement of the driven box rotating disk 204 in the center line direction, the clamping block 210 slides on the inner wall of the external frame 209 to clamp and fix the welded parts. When the threaded rod 207 is twisted and rotated inside the rotating rod 206, one end of the threaded rod 207 is pressed and contacted with the rotating main shaft 201, which can effectively prevent the rotating sleeve 205 from rotating on the outer wall of the rotating main shaft 201.

[0053] The first rotary drive member is opened to drive the hexagonal transmission rod 302 to rotate, and the rotating hexagonal transmission rod 302 is connected to the inner wall of the lifting gear rod 305 by sliding to drive the lifting gear rod 305 to rotate. During the rotation of the lifting gear rod 305, the conical disk 309 is driven to rotate and generate friction with the conical wheel 202 to drive the conical wheel 202 to rotate. The vertical groove provided on the outer wall of the conical wheel 202 can effectively increase the friction between the conical disk 309 and the conical wheel 202. The rotating conical wheel 202 drives the rotating spindle 201 to rotate and drives the support plate 203 and the rotating disk 204 and the external frame 209 provided on the outer wall of each support plate 203 to rotate together. By opening the lifting drive member 10 2. Drive the lifting plate 103 to descend, and the descending lifting plate 103 will drive the slide rail 104, the slide seat 105 and the welding head 106 to descend together. The descending welding head 106 will weld the welds formed by the circular workpiece and the welded parts, and the slide seat 105 can be fixed by the existing screws during the sliding process on the outer wall of the slide rail 104. In this way, the distance between the slide seat 105 and the outer wall of the slide rail 104 can be effectively adjusted according to the diameter of the circular workpiece, which is convenient for welding circular workpieces and welded parts with different diameters. Generally speaking, when the diameter of the weld formed by the circular workpiece and the welded parts is smaller, the welding head 106 needs to be adjusted closer to the center line direction of the support plate 203.

[0054] During the welding process, the laser rangefinder 107 will detect the thickness of the workpiece welding part. Figure 1For thinner welds, heat is more likely to be concentrated locally, which causes the temperature of the weld area to rise faster. Excessive heat input may cause deformation, burn-through or cracks in the thin plate. In order to avoid excessive heat accumulation on the thin plate, causing deformation or burn-through, the welding speed needs to be relatively fast; for thicker welds, due to the larger thickness, the heat can be more evenly distributed and conducted, and it is not easy to cause excessive surface temperature or burn-through. Therefore, thicker welds require slower welding speeds to ensure that the heat can be fully transferred to the deep part of the material during welding to avoid defects such as poor welding, internal pores or cracks. In general, welds in thinner parts need to be welded faster. Since thicker welds require slower welding speeds, the installation at a 30° angle behind the welding head 106 can detect the thickness of the weld during welding (such as depressions and bulges. When the thickness of the weld and the circular workpiece are kept consistent, if depressions and bulges occur, the thickness of the weld and the circular workpiece will change), and generate corresponding electrical signals according to the thickness changes. The controller controls the voltage input to the lifting drive 102 and the second rotating drive 310 through the generated electrical signals, so that the lifting drive 102 is lifted and lowered according to the generated electrical signals, and drives the welding head 106 to descend or ascend to target welds with different thicknesses / heights and circular welds. When the workpiece is welded, the voltage input to the second rotary drive member 310 causes the output end of the second rotary drive member 310 to drive the tooth head 312 to rotate. During the rotation, the tooth head 312 engages with the lifting gear rod 305 to drive the lifting gear rod 305 to slide and lift in the telescopic plate 304. During the lifting process, the lifting gear rod 305 drives the conical disk 309 to lift and lift, so that the conical disk 309 and the conical wheel 202 at different diameters can perform friction transmission. For example, if the welding part between the circular workpiece and the weldment is thin, the conical disk 309 can be driven down to perform friction transmission with the smaller diameter of the conical wheel 202, so that the conical wheel 202 and the rotating spindle 20 1 is accelerated, thereby accelerating the rotation speed of the circular workpiece and the weldment, so that the welding head 106 can speed up the welding speed when welding thinner parts. It should be noted that when the external frame 209 is driven to rise, it will be squeezed with the outer wall of the conical wheel 202. In this process, the conical disk 309 and the lifting gear rod 305 and the telescopic plate 304 will slide in the external plate 303 and compress the second spring 308, so as to avoid the friction transmission between the conical disk 309 and the conical wheel 202 being blocked. In general, the laser rangefinder 107 detects the weld thickness in real time → the controller dynamically adjusts the welding speed of the lifting drive member 102 and the workpiece speed of the second rotating drive member 310 → thickness adaptive welding is formed;

[0055] During the welding process of the welding head 106, a certain amount of smoke will be generated. This generated smoke will affect the laser transmission effect of the laser rangefinder 107, resulting in detection errors. By turning on the third rotary drive member to drive the conical head 412 to rotate, the conical head 412 will frictionally transmit with the outer wall of the conical column 402 and drive the conical column 402 to rotate. The rotating conical column 402 will drive the fan blades 407 to rotate in the round box 403 in the opposite direction, so that the welding smoke is sucked into the interior of the suction pipe 405 through the suction head 406, and then enters the interior of the round box 403 from the interior of the suction pipe 405, and finally discharged through the exhaust pipe 404. It should be noted that when the tooth head 312 is driven to rotate to adjust the lifting height of the lifting gear rod 305 and the conical disk 309, the provided rotation detection element 314 will detect the rotation direction of the tooth head 312. And according to the rotation direction, a corresponding electrical signal is generated. The controller controls the voltage input to the lifting drive device 408 through the generated electrical signal, so that the lifting drive device 408 drives the displacement plate 409, the collar 410, the bearing plate, and the conical head 412 to lift and lower, so that the conical head 412 and the conical column 402 are frictionally driven at positions with different diameters, so that the conical column 402 drives the fan blades 407 to rotate at different rotation speeds, and adjusts the power of the suction head 406 to inhale the smoke. In this way, after the tooth head 312 drives the lifting gear rod 305 and the conical disk 309 to lift and lower and perform friction transmission at positions with different diameters from the conical wheel 202 to adjust the rotation speed of the circular workpiece, the fan blades 407 can rotate at different rotation speeds to extract smoke, thereby preventing the smoke generated during welding from affecting the measurement effect of the laser rangefinder 107;

[0056] In general: when welding is started, the conical disk 309 adjusts the contact position of the conical disk 309 according to the thickness of the workpiece - when the workpiece is at the small diameter end of the conical wheel 202, the workpiece rotates at high speed, and at the same time drives the small diameter end of the conical column 402 to rotate at high speed, and the fan blades 407 are driven to speed up synchronously through the friction transmission of the conical head 412; on the contrary, when contacting the large diameter end, the workpiece and the fan are synchronously decelerated (the rotation detection element 314 monitors the speed of the tooth head 312 → the controller drives the lifting drive device 408 to adjust the position of the conical head 412 → changes the transmission ratio of the conical column 402 → realizes the synchronization of the fan blade 407 speed and the welding speed). Therefore, when welding thin-walled parts quickly, the high temperature of the molten pool generates a large amount of smoke and dust, and the high-speed fan enhances the negative pressure suction force. The smoke is efficiently filtered and discharged through the suction head 406 → suction pipe 405 → round box 403 → exhaust pipe 404; when welding thick-walled parts at low speed, the fan is decelerated to avoid excessive suction interfering with the stability of the protective gas, and the laser rangefinder 107 emits laser to penetrate the clean airflow after the smoke to accurately detect the height change of the weld surface.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary positioning device for metal material welding, characterized in that: include: A fixed barrel (1), a slide (105) is provided above the fixed barrel (1), a welding head (106) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide (105), a laser rangefinder (107) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the slide (105) and on one side of the welding head (106), and the laser rangefinder (107) is electrically connected to a controller; A clamping and positioning rotating assembly (2) is used to clamp a circular workpiece and drive it to rotate, and the clamping and positioning rotating assembly (2) comprises a rotating spindle (201) rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the fixed barrel (1), the outer wall of the rotating spindle (201) is provided with a conical wheel (202), and the outer wall of the conical wheel (202) is provided with a plurality of vertical grooves in a circumferential array; A variable speed drive assembly (3), the variable speed drive assembly (3) comprising a conical disc (309) frictionally connected to the outer wall of the conical wheel (202), the conical disc (309) being driven to rise and fall on the inner wall of the fixed barrel (1) and maintaining frictional transmission with the conical wheel (202), the maximum diameter of the conical wheel (202) being smaller than the maximum diameter of the conical disc (309) but larger than the minimum diameter of the conical disc (309); The smoking assembly (4) comprises a horizontal plate (401) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the fixed barrel (1), a round box (403) fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the horizontal plate (401), a fan blade (407) rotatably mounted in the round box (403), and a rotation speed of the fan blade (407) that can adaptively match the welding speed of the welding head (106).

2. A rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bracket (101) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixed barrel (1), a lifting drive member (102) is embedded in the upper end surface of the bracket (101), the lifting drive member (102) is electrically connected to the controller, a lifting plate (103) is rotatably mounted on the output end of the lifting drive member (102), the lifting plate (103) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bracket (101), a slide rail (104) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the lifting plate (103), and the outer wall of the slide rail (104) is slidably connected to the slide seat (105).

3. The rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support plate (203) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the rotating main shaft (201), a rotating sleeve (205) is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the rotating main shaft (201) and above the conical wheel (202), a rotating disk (204) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (205), a plurality of arc grooves (208) are provided in a circumferential array on the lower end surface of the rotating disk (204), a plurality of external frames (209) are fixedly mounted in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the support plate (203), and a clamping member (209) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the external frame (209). The clamping block (210) is rotatably mounted with a linkage rod (211) at the lower end of the linkage rod (211), a fixed rod (212) is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the linkage rod (211), a telescopic rod (213) is slidably mounted on one end of the fixed rod (212), a sliding rod (215) is fixedly mounted between the telescopic rod (213) and the fixed rod (212), a first spring (214) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic rod (213), and the first spring (214) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc groove (208).

4. A rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rotating rod (206) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (205), and a threaded rod (207) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the rotating rod (206). One end of the threaded rod (207) passes through the rotating sleeve (205) and is in contact with the rotating main shaft (201).

5. The rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed seat (301) is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom end of the fixed barrel (1), a hexagonal transmission rod (302) is rotatably mounted on the upper end surface of the fixed seat (301), an external plate (303) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the fixed barrel (1) and above the fixed seat (301), a telescopic plate (304) is slidably mounted on one end of the external plate (303), external blocks (307) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the telescopic plate (304) and the external plate (303), and a second spring (308) is fixedly mounted between the external blocks (307).

6. A rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 5, characterized in that: Support frames (306) are fixedly installed on both sides of the telescopic plate (304), a lifting gear rod (305) is slidably installed in the telescopic plate (304), the outer wall of the lifting gear rod (305) is fixedly connected to the conical disk (309), a first rotary driving member is fixedly installed on the top end of the fixed seat (301), the output end of the first rotary driving member passes through the fixed seat (301) and is fixedly installed with a hexagonal transmission rod (302), the hexagonal transmission rod (302) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (301), and the outer wall of the hexagonal transmission rod (302) is slidably connected to the lifting gear rod (305).

7. A rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first vertical plate (311) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic plate (304); a second rotary drive member (310) is fixedly mounted on one side of the first vertical plate (311); an output end of the second rotary drive member (310) passes through the first vertical plate (311) and is fixedly mounted with a tooth head (312); the tooth head (312) is engaged with the lifting gear rod (305); a second vertical plate (313) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the telescopic plate (304); a rotation detection element (314) is fixedly mounted on one side of the second vertical plate (313); and the rotation detection element (314) is electrically connected to a controller.

8. The rotary positioning device for metal material welding according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the horizontal plate (401) is rotatably mounted with a conical column (402), the lower end of the conical column (402) passes through the horizontal plate (401) and is fixedly connected to the fan blade (407), the outer wall of the round box (403) is connected to an air intake pipe (405), the upper end of the air intake pipe (405) is connected to an air intake head (406), the lower end of the round box (403) is connected to an exhaust pipe (404), a lifting drive device (408) is fixedly mounted on one side of the telescopic plate (304), the lifting drive device (408) is electrically connected to a controller, a displacement plate (409) is threadedly mounted on the output end of the lifting drive device (408), and a collar (410) is fixedly mounted on one end of the displacement plate (409). ), two slideways are symmetrically installed on the outer wall of the ring (410), and a slide rod (411) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the slide, and a supporting plate is fixedly installed on one end of the slide rod (411), and a third rotary driving member is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the supporting plate. The output end of the third rotary driving member passes through the supporting plate and is fixedly installed with a conical head (412), and the conical head (412) is rotatably connected to the supporting plate. A third spring (413) is fixedly installed between the supporting plate and the ring (410), and the conical head (412) is frictionally connected to the outer wall of the conical column (402), and the maximum diameter of the conical head (412) is smaller than the maximum diameter of the conical column (402) but larger than the minimum diameter of the conical column (402).

Images