Low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cables, in particular to a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable and a preparation method thereof. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises a cable core, an insulating layer wrapping the cable core and a sheath layer wrapping the insulating layer, and the cable core is obtained by twisting insulating wire cores; the insulated wire core comprises a cable bundle obtained by twisting and winding a plurality of graphene aluminum alloy wires, and an insulating layer coating the outer surface of the cable bundle; the sheath layer is prepared from the following raw materials: polyvinyl chloride resin, ethylene propylene diene monomer, poly (hexanediol adipate), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, a dispersing agent, a lubricating agent, an antioxidant, a plasticizer and a flame retardant; wherein the flame retardant comprises the following raw materials: carrageenan, barium chloride, natural rubber, stearic acid, zinc oxide, an accelerant, an anti-aging agent, carbon black, paraffin and nano aluminum hydroxide; the prepared low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable has mechanical strength and flame retardant property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cables, and in particular to a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a vital component of power transmission, the performance of wires and cables directly impacts the stability and safety of power systems. Traditional low-voltage cables primarily use copper or aluminum as conductors. However, with the widespread application of graphene in recent years, its potential for improving cable performance has been gradually explored. Graphene has excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability, and its application in cables can significantly enhance their current-carrying capacity.

[0003] Traditional low-voltage cable sheath materials are mostly made of polyvinyl chloride or ordinary polyethylene. Although they have certain basic protection capabilities, they have significant defects in flame retardancy and mechanical properties, and are unable to meet the stringent requirements of modern power systems for long-term stable operation of cables.

[0004] In existing technologies, the problem of insufficient flame retardancy in sheathing materials is particularly prominent. For example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheathing has a low oxygen index, making it easily combustible under high temperatures or open flames, releasing large amounts of toxic hydrogen halide gas. Furthermore, the char layer formed after combustion is loose and brittle, failing to effectively block the spread of flames. To improve the flame retardancy of PVC sheathing materials, existing technologies have employed the addition of flame retardants. However, traditional flame retardants primarily work by absorbing heat and decomposing or diluting combustible gases, lacking an efficient charring and smoke suppression mechanism, making it difficult to form a dense and stable protective char layer.

[0005] Poor mechanical properties are another major defect of existing sheath materials. Taking polyvinyl chloride sheath as an example, from the perspective of the base material, polyvinyl chloride is a polar polymer with strong intermolecular chain forces. Although it can be improved by plasticization modification to improve flexibility, it will lead to a significant decrease in heat resistance. In order to take into account both mechanical properties and processability, existing technologies often use polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene blending modification, but the solubility parameters of the two types of resins are very different, the interfacial bonding force is weak, and microscopic defects are easily formed, resulting in stress concentration and a significant reduction in the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material.

[0006] Therefore, how to effectively improve the flame retardant and mechanical properties of cable sheath materials has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable, which adopts the following technical solution: A low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises a cable core, an insulation layer, and a sheath layer; the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable core, the sheath layer is coated on the outer surface of the insulation layer, and the cable core is obtained by twisting insulated wire cores; the insulated wire core comprises a cable bundle obtained by twisting and winding a plurality of graphene aluminum alloy wires, and the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable bundle; The sheath layer material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 65-75 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-20 parts of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 5-15 parts of polyhexamethylene adipate, 20-30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5-10 parts of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, 1-2 parts of dispersant, 0.5-1.5 parts of lubricant, 1-2 parts of antioxidant, 3-7 parts of plasticizer and 10-20 parts of flame retardant; The flame retardant includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5-30 parts of carrageenan, 42-62 parts of barium chloride, 65-75 parts of natural rubber, 2-6 parts of stearic acid, 2-8 parts of zinc oxide, 0.5-1.5 parts of accelerator, 0.5-1.5 parts of antioxidant, 30-40 parts of carbon black, 0.5-1.5 parts of paraffin and 10-25 parts of nano-aluminum hydroxide.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, a synergistic flame retardant material composed of carrageenan containing barium chloride and nano-aluminum hydroxide is mixed with natural rubber, stearic acid, zinc oxide, an accelerator, an antioxidant, carbon black, and paraffin to prepare a composite material (i.e., a flame retardant) with flame retardant and mechanical properties, thereby further improving the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the sheath layer material.

[0010] In this application, the flame retardant raw materials are improved, and the added nano-aluminum hydroxide decomposes into aluminum oxide and water vapor after heating. The generated aluminum oxide forms a carbon layer and coats the surface of the material, which can form a stable carbon layer structure on the surface of the material. The water vapor can dilute the combustible gas; in addition, the barium sulfate produced by the combustion of carrageenan containing barium chloride is doped in the carbon layer, promoting the cross-linking of natural rubber into carbon, which is beneficial to the composite material to produce a large amount of stable residual carbon structure, further playing a flame retardant role.

[0011] Secondly, the addition of carrageenan containing barium chloride further improves the mechanical properties of the composite material. There are many methoxy and hydroxyl groups in the carrageenan structure, which can serve as a reinforcing agent, thereby further improving the mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0012] Preferably, the graphene aluminum alloy wire material comprises the following raw material components in weight percentage: silicon 0.02-0.15%, iron 0.2-1.0%, copper 0.1-0.40%, vanadium 0.01-0.08%, graphene 0.65-0.75%, zirconium 0.04-0.06%, boron 0.05-0.08%, rare earth 0.02-0.5%, and the balance is aluminum and impurities.

[0013] Preferably, the rare earth is selected from at least one of lanthanum, cerium and scandium.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, in this application, a graphene aluminum alloy material with high strength, high toughness and high conductivity is applied to the conductor material of the cable core, thereby preparing a graphene aluminum alloy cable with high conductivity.

[0015] Preferably, the flame retardant further comprises 10-20 parts by mass of a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

[0016] Preferably, the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-6 parts of silicone rubber, 90-98 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 50-70 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and 0.2-0.7 parts of antioxidant.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, silicone rubber is added to modify the magnesium hydroxide in this application, and the silicone rubber is coated on the surface of the magnesium hydroxide particles, thereby improving the compatibility between the magnesium hydroxide and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and enhancing the interaction between the two, thereby obtaining a composite material with certain mechanical properties.

[0018] Secondly, magnesium hydroxide is modified by silicone rubber, and the combustion product of silicone rubber, silicon oxide, has the effect of improving the carbon layer, thereby obtaining a composite material with a certain flame retardant effect.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide comprises the following steps: mixing magnesium hydroxide and silicone rubber, and then adding ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an antioxidant and mixing them to obtain the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

[0020] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the present application uses silicone rubber to coat the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles, and then blends it with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and antioxidant to prepare a composite material, thereby obtaining a composite material with certain mechanical properties and flame retardant properties, thereby further improving the flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the sheath layer material.

[0021] Preferably, the flame retardant further comprises 5-15 parts by mass of ammonium polyphosphate.

[0022] Preferably, the preparation method of the flame retardant comprises the following steps: Carrageenan is mixed with water, barium chloride is added and mixed, filtered, and dried to obtain carrageenan containing barium chloride; stearic acid, zinc oxide, an accelerator, an antioxidant, carbon black, paraffin, nano-aluminum hydroxide, and carrageenan containing barium chloride are added to natural rubber and kneaded, and then a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate are added and kneaded to obtain a flame retardant.

[0023] Preferably, the dispersant is perfluorooctanoic acid.

[0024] Preferably, the lubricant is at least one of stearic acid, polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, and white oil.

[0025] Preferably, the antioxidant is at least one of antioxidant 1135 and antioxidant 2246.

[0026] Preferably, the plasticizer is at least one of dipropylheptyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate and tricresyl phosphate.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable, the preparation method comprising the following steps: (1) twisting the graphene aluminum alloy wires to form a cable bundle, and wrapping an insulating layer on the outer wall of the cable bundle to obtain an insulated wire core; (2) twisting the insulated wire cores to obtain a cable core; (3) Wrap an insulating layer around the outside of the cable core; (4) uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride resin, EPDM rubber, poly(hexanediol adipate), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, dispersant, lubricant, antioxidant, plasticizer, and flame retardant, and extruding the mixture through a twin-screw extruder to obtain a sheath layer material; (5) Wrapping the sheath layer material on the outside of the insulation layer to obtain a graphene aluminum alloy cable.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The present application discloses a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable and a preparation method thereof. By improving the raw materials of the sheath layer material, the mechanical strength and flame retardant properties of the low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable are effectively improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present application is further illustrated below through specific embodiments. The specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present application; some non-essential modifications and adjustments made by others based on the concept of the present application still fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] The raw materials involved in this application are all commercially available products, among which: The insulation layer material is radiation cross-linked flame retardant insulation material, model FEJZ105, purchased from Jiangsu Dewei New Materials Co., Ltd. Magnesium hydroxide, model magnesium hydroxide MH 5-C, was purchased from Kaisma (Dandong) High-tech Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Silicone rubber, model liquid silicone rubber DC-184, purchased from Dow Corning, USA; Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model EVA260, purchased from DuPont, USA; Carrageenan was purchased from Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Natural rubber was purchased from Xishuangbanna Jingyang Rubber Co., Ltd. Accelerator, accelerator CZ, was purchased from Tianjin Organic Chemical Plant No. 1; Antioxidant, antioxidant 4010, was purchased from Shandong Shengao Chemical Co., Ltd. Carbon black was purchased from Pingxiang Feihu Carbon Black Co., Ltd. Paraffin wax, liquid paraffin, was purchased from Nanjing Yudeheng Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.; Nano-aluminum hydroxide was purchased from Chuangjia Welding Materials Processing and Sales Company; Polyvinyl chloride resin, model TY-800; EPDM rubber, model IP 4640L; Poly(hexanediol adipate), model XCP-1000H; Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, model EP-521; The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples and comparative examples.

[0031] Source of raw materials: Preparation of graphene aluminum alloy conductor rod: The graphene aluminum alloy conductor rod material includes the following components in weight percentage (%): 0.14% silicon, 0.9% iron, 0.4% copper, 0.08% vanadium, 0.7% graphene, 0.06% zirconium, 0.08% boron, 0.02% lanthanum, 0.01% scandium, and the balance is aluminum and impurities.

[0032] The above-mentioned method for preparing the graphene aluminum alloy conductor rod comprises the following steps: (1) Melting: Weigh the raw materials of corresponding composition according to the composition of the graphene aluminum alloy wire rod, put the aluminum raw material into a crucible, heat it to 750℃, add the remaining raw materials and continue stirring to form a uniform melt; (2) Refining: Maintaining the temperature at 750°C, in an inert protective atmosphere of Ar, adding refining agents for refining; after the refining is completed, the slag removal operation is carried out; (3) Degassing of holding furnace In the heat preservation state, a mixed gas is introduced into the melt for degassing; (4) Casting and continuous casting The melt is cast and continuously cast to obtain aluminum-based alloy rods, and the total cooling rate during the casting process is controlled to be 12°C / s; (5) Tempering treatment The aluminum-based alloy rod is placed in a quenching furnace for treatment at a quenching temperature of 370° C. and a quenching time of 5 h to obtain a graphene aluminum alloy conductor rod.

[0033] Wherein, in the refining process in step (2), permanent magnetic stirring is performed every 15 minutes, and each stirring time is 5 minutes.

[0034] Wherein, the mixed gas in step (3) is 80 vol% Ar and 20 vol% Cl2.

[0035] The properties of the prepared graphene aluminum alloy conductor rod were tested. The ZrB2 phase was 0.0017wt%, the nano-Al3Zr dispersed phase was 0.0028wt%, the crystal size was 49.4μm, the tensile strength was 165.4MPa, the elongation was 27.2%, the conductivity was 64.1% IACS, and the impact toughness was 22.3J / cm 2 , the creep amount is 0.17%.

[0036] Preparation Example 1: The preparation of the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide is carried out in the following steps: 94 kg of magnesium hydroxide was put into a grinder for grinding, 4 kg of silicone rubber was added, and the mixture was mixed at high speed for 5 minutes, and then dried at 150° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture; The prepared mixture, 60 kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and 0.5 kg of antioxidant 1010 were melt-mixed at 130° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

[0037] Preparation Example 2: The preparation of the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide is carried out in the following steps: 90 kg of magnesium hydroxide was put into a grinder for grinding, 2 kg of silicone rubber was added, and the mixture was mixed at high speed for 5 minutes, and then dried at 150° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture; The prepared mixture, 50 kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and 0.2 kg of antioxidant 1010 were melt-mixed at 130° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

[0038] Preparation Example 3: The preparation of the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide is carried out in the following steps: 98 kg of magnesium hydroxide was put into a grinder for grinding, 6 kg of silicone rubber was added, and the mixture was mixed at high speed for 5 minutes, and then dried at 150° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture; The prepared mixture, 70 kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and 0.7 kg of antioxidant 1010 were melt-mixed at 130° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

[0039] Preparation Example 4: The preparation steps of flame retardant are as follows: Dissolve 20 kg of carrageenan in 2000 L of distilled water and mix at 90°C at a speed of 350 r / min until the carrageenan is completely dissolved. The carrageenan solution is transparent and is filtered while hot. Dissolve 50 kg of barium chloride in distilled water to obtain a barium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L; The barium chloride solution was added to the filtered carrageenan solution and mixed thoroughly, and filtered. The filtered colloid was washed with anhydrous ethanol and filtered again. This process was repeated three times. The last filtered product was dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for about 10 hours to obtain carrageenan containing barium chloride.

[0040] After 70 kg of natural rubber was plasticized on an open mill for 10 minutes, the natural rubber was placed in a mixer, and 4 kg of stearic acid, 5 kg of zinc oxide, 1 kg of accelerator, 1 kg of antioxidant, 35 kg of carbon black, 1 kg of paraffin, 17 kg of nano-aluminum hydroxide, and carrageenan containing barium chloride were added and mixed for 5 minutes. Then, 15 kg of a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide and 10 kg of ammonium polyphosphate were added and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a flame retardant.

[0041] The composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide was prepared according to Preparation Example 1.

[0042] Preparation Example 5: The preparation steps of flame retardant are as follows: Dissolve 5 kg of carrageenan in 500 L of distilled water and mix at 90°C at a speed of 350 r / min until the carrageenan is completely dissolved. The carrageenan solution is transparent and is filtered while hot. Dissolve 42 kg of barium chloride in distilled water to obtain a barium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L; The barium chloride solution was added to the filtered carrageenan solution and mixed thoroughly, and filtered. The filtered colloid was washed with anhydrous ethanol and filtered again. This process was repeated three times. The last filtered product was dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for about 10 hours to obtain carrageenan containing barium chloride.

[0043] After 65 kg of natural rubber was plasticized on an open mill for 10 minutes, the natural rubber was put into a mixer, and then 2 kg of stearic acid, 2 kg of zinc oxide, 0.5 kg of accelerator, 0.5 kg of antioxidant, 30 kg of carbon black, 0.5 kg of paraffin, 10 kg of nano-aluminum hydroxide, and carrageenan containing barium chloride were added and mixed for 5 minutes. Then, 10 kg of a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide and 5 kg of ammonium polyphosphate were added and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a flame retardant.

[0044] The composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide was prepared according to Preparation Example 2.

[0045] Preparation Example 6: The preparation steps of flame retardant are as follows: Dissolve 30 kg of carrageenan in 3000 L of distilled water and mix at 90°C at a speed of 350 r / min until the carrageenan is completely dissolved. The carrageenan solution is transparent and is filtered while hot. Dissolve 62 kg of barium chloride in distilled water to obtain a barium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L; The barium chloride solution was added to the filtered carrageenan solution and mixed thoroughly, and filtered. The filtered colloid was washed with anhydrous ethanol and filtered again. This process was repeated three times. The last filtered product was dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for about 10 hours to obtain carrageenan containing barium chloride.

[0046] After 75 kg of natural rubber was plasticized on an open mill for 10 minutes, the natural rubber was placed in a mixer, and 6 kg of stearic acid, 8 kg of zinc oxide, 1.5 kg of an accelerator, 1.5 kg of an antioxidant, 40 kg of carbon black, 1.5 kg of paraffin wax, 25 kg of nano-aluminum hydroxide, and carrageenan containing barium chloride were added and mixed for 5 minutes. Then, 20 kg of a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide and 15 kg of ammonium polyphosphate were added and mixed for 10 minutes to obtain a flame retardant.

[0047] The composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide was prepared according to Preparation Example 3.

[0048] Example 1: A low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises a cable core, an insulation layer, and a sheath layer; the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable core, the sheath layer is coated on the outer surface of the insulation layer, and the cable core is obtained by twisting insulating wire cores; the insulating wire core comprises a cable bundle obtained by twisting and winding a plurality of graphene aluminum alloy wires, and the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable bundle; the sheath layer material comprises the following raw materials: 70 kg of polyvinyl chloride resin, 15 kg of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 10 kg of polyhexamethylene adipate, 25 kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 7 kg of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, 1.5 kg of dispersant, 1 kg of lubricant, 1.5 kg of antioxidant, 5 kg of plasticizer, and 15 kg of flame retardant.

[0049] The dispersant is perfluorooctanoic acid.

[0050] The lubricant is a mixture of stearic acid and polyethylene wax in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0051] The antioxidant is antioxidant 1135.

[0052] The plasticizer is dipropyl heptyl phthalate.

[0053] The flame retardant is prepared according to Preparation Example 4.

[0054] The preparation method of the low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises the following steps: (1) drawing, aging, twisting, and pressing the graphene aluminum alloy wire rod to obtain the graphene aluminum alloy wire; (2) twisting 20 graphene aluminum alloy wires to form a cable bundle, and wrapping an insulating layer on the outer wall of the cable bundle to obtain an insulated wire core; (3) twisting two insulated wire cores to obtain a cable core; (4) Wrap an insulating layer around the outside of the cable core; (5) uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride resin, EPDM rubber, poly(hexanediol adipate), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, dispersant, lubricant, antioxidant, plasticizer, and flame retardant, and extruding the mixture through a twin-screw extruder to obtain a sheath layer material; Among them, the process parameters of the twin-screw extruder are: the extrusion temperature of zone 1 is 140°C, the extrusion temperature of zone 2 is 160°C, and the extrusion temperature of zone 3 is 150°C; (6) Wrapping the sheath layer material on the outside of the insulation layer to obtain a graphene aluminum alloy cable.

[0055] Example 2: A low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises a cable core, an insulation layer, and a sheath layer; the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable core, the sheath layer is coated on the outer surface of the insulation layer, and the cable core is obtained by twisting insulating wire cores; the insulating wire core comprises a cable bundle obtained by twisting and winding a plurality of graphene aluminum alloy wires, and the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable bundle; the sheath layer material comprises the following raw materials: 65kg of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10kg of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 5kg of polyhexane adipate, 20kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5kg of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, 1kg of dispersant, 0.5kg of lubricant, 1kg of antioxidant, 3kg of plasticizer, and 10kg of flame retardant.

[0056] The dispersant is perfluorooctanoic acid.

[0057] The lubricant is a mixture of stearic acid and polyethylene wax in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0058] The antioxidant is antioxidant 1135.

[0059] The plasticizer is dipropyl heptyl phthalate.

[0060] The flame retardant is prepared according to Preparation Example 4.

[0061] The preparation method of the low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises the following steps: (1) drawing, aging, twisting, and pressing the graphene aluminum alloy wire rod to obtain the graphene aluminum alloy wire; (2) twisting 20 graphene aluminum alloy wires to form a cable bundle, and wrapping an insulating layer on the outer wall of the cable bundle to obtain an insulated wire core; (3) twisting two insulated wire cores to obtain a cable core; (4) Wrap an insulating layer around the outside of the cable core; (5) uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride resin, EPDM rubber, poly(hexanediol adipate), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, dispersant, lubricant, antioxidant, plasticizer, and flame retardant, and extruding the mixture through a twin-screw extruder to obtain a sheath layer material; Among them, the process parameters of the twin-screw extruder are: the extrusion temperature of zone 1 is 140°C, the extrusion temperature of zone 2 is 160°C, and the extrusion temperature of zone 3 is 150°C; (6) Wrapping the sheath layer material on the outside of the insulation layer to obtain a graphene aluminum alloy cable.

[0062] Example 3: A low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises a cable core, an insulation layer, and a sheath layer; the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable core, the sheath layer is coated on the outer surface of the insulation layer, and the cable core is obtained by twisting insulating wire cores; the insulating wire core comprises a cable bundle obtained by twisting and winding a plurality of graphene aluminum alloy wires, and the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable bundle; the sheath layer material comprises the following raw materials: 75kg of polyvinyl chloride resin, 20kg of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 15kg of poly(hexamethylene adipate), 30kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10kg of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, 2kg of dispersant, 1.5kg of lubricant, 2kg of antioxidant, 7kg of plasticizer, and 20kg of flame retardant.

[0063] The dispersant is perfluorooctanoic acid.

[0064] The lubricant is a mixture of stearic acid and polyethylene wax in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0065] The antioxidant is antioxidant 1135.

[0066] The plasticizer is dipropyl heptyl phthalate.

[0067] The flame retardant is prepared according to Preparation Example 4.

[0068] The preparation method of the low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable comprises the following steps: (1) drawing, aging, twisting, and pressing the graphene aluminum alloy wire rod to obtain the graphene aluminum alloy wire; (2) twisting 20 graphene aluminum alloy wires to form a cable bundle, and wrapping an insulating layer on the outer wall of the cable bundle to obtain an insulated wire core; (3) twisting two insulated wire cores to obtain a cable core; (4) Wrap an insulating layer around the outside of the cable core; (5) uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride resin, EPDM rubber, poly(hexanediol adipate), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, dispersant, lubricant, antioxidant, plasticizer, and flame retardant, and extruding the mixture through a twin-screw extruder to obtain a sheath layer material; Among them, the process parameters of the twin-screw extruder are: the extrusion temperature of zone 1 is 140°C, the extrusion temperature of zone 2 is 160°C, and the extrusion temperature of zone 3 is 150°C; (6) Wrapping the sheath layer material on the outside of the insulation layer to obtain a graphene aluminum alloy cable.

[0069] Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that the flame retardant used is different.

[0070] The flame retardant in this embodiment is prepared by Preparation Example 5.

[0071] Example 5: The difference from Example 1 is that the flame retardant used is different.

[0072] The flame retardant in this embodiment is prepared by Preparation Example 6.

[0073] Example 6: The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of flame retardant added is different.

[0074] In this embodiment, the amount of flame retardant added is 10 kg.

[0075] Example 7: The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of flame retardant added is different.

[0076] In this embodiment, the amount of flame retardant added is 20 kg.

[0077] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is that no flame retardant is added.

[0078] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of flame retardant added is different.

[0079] In this embodiment, the amount of flame retardant added is 9 kg.

[0080] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of flame retardant added is different.

[0081] In this embodiment, the amount of flame retardant added is 21 kg.

[0082] Comparative Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that during the preparation of the flame retardant, the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide is not added.

[0083] Performance testing: 1. Flame retardant properties and mechanical properties: The flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the sheath layer materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested, and the testing method was as follows: Tensile strength and elongation at break: measured according to the test methods in GB / T 2951.11-2008 "General test methods for insulation and sheath materials of electric and optical cables"; Oxygen index: Determined according to the method in GB / T 2406.2-2009 "Plastics - Determination of Combustion Behavior by Oxygen Index Method".

[0084] Table 1 Flame retardant and mechanical properties test results As can be seen from Table 1, the sheath layer material prepared by the method of the present application has good tensile strength, elongation at break and oxygen index, indicating that the prepared sheath layer material has good mechanical properties and flame retardant properties.

[0085] Combining the test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the test result of Example 1 is better than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the addition of flame retardant can effectively improve the tensile strength, elongation at break and oxygen index of the sheath layer material.

[0086] Combined with the test results of Example 1, Example 6, Example 7, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the amount of flame retardant added has an impact on the tensile strength, elongation at break, and oxygen index of the sheath layer material, and when the amount of flame retardant added is 10-20 kg, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and oxygen index of the sheath layer material are optimal.

[0087] Combining Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that the test result of Example 1 is better than that of Comparative Example 4, indicating that the addition of a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide can effectively improve the tensile strength, elongation at break and oxygen index of the sheath layer material, so that the prepared sheath layer material has good mechanical properties and flame retardant properties.

Claims

1. A low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable, characterized by: The cable comprises a cable core, an insulation layer and a sheath layer; the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable core, the sheath layer is coated on the outer surface of the insulation layer, and the cable core is obtained by twisting the insulation core; the insulation core comprises a cable bundle obtained by twisting a plurality of graphene aluminum alloy wires, and the insulation layer is coated on the outer surface of the cable bundle; The sheath layer material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 65-75 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-20 parts of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 5-15 parts of polyhexamethylene adipate, 20-30 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 5-10 parts of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, 1-2 parts of dispersant, 0.5-1.5 parts of lubricant, 1-2 parts of antioxidant, 3-7 parts of plasticizer and 10-20 parts of flame retardant; The flame retardant includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5-30 parts of carrageenan, 42-62 parts of barium chloride, 65-75 parts of natural rubber, 2-6 parts of stearic acid, 2-8 parts of zinc oxide, 0.5-1.5 parts of accelerator, 0.5-1.5 parts of antioxidant, 30-40 parts of carbon black, 0.5-1.5 parts of paraffin and 10-25 parts of nano-aluminum hydroxide.

2. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant further comprises 10-20 parts by mass of a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

3. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-6 parts of silicone rubber, 90-98 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 50-70 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and 0.2-0.7 parts of antioxidant.

4. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide comprises the following steps: mixing magnesium hydroxide and silicone rubber, and then adding ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an antioxidant and mixing them to obtain the composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide.

5. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant further comprises 5-15 parts by mass of ammonium polyphosphate.

6. A low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the flame retardant comprises the following steps: Mixing carrageenan with water, adding barium chloride and mixing, filtering, and drying to obtain carrageenan containing barium chloride; Stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator, antioxidant, carbon black, paraffin, nano aluminum hydroxide and carrageenan containing barium chloride are added to natural rubber and kneaded, and then a composite material containing modified magnesium hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate are added and kneaded to obtain a flame retardant.

7. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersant is perfluorooctanoic acid; the lubricant is at least one of stearic acid, polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, and white oil; the antioxidant is at least one of antioxidant 1135 and antioxidant 2246; and the plasticizer is at least one of dipropylheptyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and tricresyl phosphate.

8. The low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene aluminum alloy wire material comprises the following raw material components in weight percentage: 0.02-0.15% silicon, 0.2-1.0% iron, 0.1-0.40% copper, 0.01-0.08% vanadium, 0.65-0.75% graphene, 0.04-0.06% zirconium, 0.05-0.08% boron, 0.02-0.5% rare earth, and the balance is aluminum and impurities; the rare earth is selected from at least one of lanthanum, cerium, and scandium.

9. A method for preparing a low-voltage graphene aluminum alloy cable according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Twisting the graphene aluminum alloy wires to form a cable bundle, and wrapping an insulating layer on the outer wall of the cable bundle to obtain an insulated wire core; (2) Twisting the insulated wire cores to obtain a cable core; (3) Wrap the insulation layer around the outside of the cable core; (4) uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride resin, EPDM rubber, poly(hexanediol adipate), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, dispersant, lubricant, antioxidant, plasticizer, and flame retardant, and extruding the mixture through a twin-screw extruder to obtain a sheath layer material; (5) Wrap the sheath layer material on the outside of the insulation layer to obtain a graphene aluminum alloy cable.

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