Diversion and desilting device for river channel

Abstract

The invention discloses a diversion desilting device for a river channel, and relates to the field of diversion desilting devices.The river channel is internally provided with a dam, and the diversion desilting device comprises a substance discharge structure, a material discharge hole extending in the vertical direction is formed in the substance discharge structure, and the substance discharge structure is used for being arranged on a riverbed of the river channel and located on the upstream side of the dam; the discharging gallery is used for being arranged in a riverbed and extending in the extending direction of the riverbed, the discharging gallery communicates with the material discharging hole, the flow guide wall structure is used for being arranged in the riverbed and fixed to the riverbed, and at least part of the flow guide wall structure is located on the upstream side of the material discharging structure. The flow guide wall structure is used for guiding the water flow and silt in the water flow so that the water flow and the silt in the water flow can move towards the substance discharging structure. The device can accurately realize effective discharge of silt, reduces the influence of silt deposition on the operation of the hydropower station, improves the overall operation efficiency and stability of the hydropower station, ensures the normal discharge of ecological flow, and is low in cost and unlimited in operation environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of diversion and sand removal devices, in particular to a diversion and sand removal device for a river channel. Background Art

[0002] Sedimentation is a long-standing problem in water conservancy projects. River sedimentation reduces reservoir capacity, reduces power generation efficiency, and increases wear and tear on equipment like turbines, shortening their lifespan and increasing maintenance costs. Therefore, the stable operation of water conservancy projects requires the adoption of scientific and effective sediment removal measures. However, the commonly used sediment removal method at hydropower stations currently relies on mechanical desilting, which is costly, restricts the operating environment, and has limited effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a river diversion and sediment removal device that can effectively discharge river sediment, reduce the impact of sediment accumulation on the operation of hydropower stations, improve the overall operating efficiency and stability of the hydropower station, and ensure the normal discharge of ecological flow.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a diversion and sediment removal device for a river channel is provided with a dam in the river channel. The diversion and sediment removal device includes:

[0005] A material discharge structure is formed with a material discharge hole extending in the vertical direction, the material discharge structure is used to be set on the riverbed of the river channel, and along the extension direction of the river channel, the material discharge structure is located on the upstream side of the dam;

[0006] A discharge corridor is provided in the riverbed and extends along the extension direction of the river channel, and the discharge corridor is connected to the material discharge hole;

[0007] The guide wall structure is used to be installed in the river channel and fixed to the riverbed, and the guide wall structure is located on the upstream side of the dam, and at least part of the guide wall structure is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure. The guide wall structure is used to guide the water flow and the sediment in the water flow so that the water flow and the sediment in the water flow move toward the material discharge structure.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a diversion and sediment discharge device for a river channel is provided with a diversion wall structure, a material discharge structure, and a discharge corridor. The material discharge structure is located on the upstream side of the dam, the discharge corridor is used to be arranged in the riverbed and extend along the extension direction of the river channel, the discharge corridor is connected with the material discharge hole, the diversion wall structure is located on the upstream side of the dam, and at least part of the diversion wall structure is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure. The diversion wall structure is used to guide the water flow and the sediment in the water flow so that the water flow and the sediment in the water flow move toward the material discharge structure. The coordination of the diversion wall structure, the material discharge structure, and the discharge corridor cleverly utilizes the ecological flow, which can realize the effective discharge of river sediment, reduce the impact of sediment deposition on the operation of the hydropower station, improve the overall operation efficiency and stability of the hydropower station, and ensure the normal discharge of the ecological flow.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the guide wall structure includes: two guide walls, the two guide walls are opposite and spaced apart along the width direction of the river channel, at least a portion of the material discharge structure is located between the two guide walls along the width direction of the river channel, the two guide walls extend along the extension direction of the river channel, and a portion of the guide walls is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the two guide walls is configured to be arc-shaped, and the guide wall configured to be arc-shaped protrudes toward the other guide wall.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the substance discharge hole is provided with a first valve, and the first valve is used to open or close the substance discharge hole.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the substance discharge hole is provided with a filter structure, and the filter structure is located below the first valve.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the diversion and sand removal device for a river channel also includes: a connecting structure, the connecting structure is used to be arranged in the riverbed, the connecting structure forms a first connecting channel extending in the up and down directions, and the connecting structure is connected between the material discharge structure and the discharge gallery so that the first connecting channel connects the material discharge hole and the discharge gallery.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a cross-sectional area of ​​the first communication channel gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side of the substance discharge structure.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of guide vanes are provided in the first connecting channel, the plurality of guide vanes are fixed to the inner side wall of the connecting structure, and the plurality of guide vanes are sequentially spaced apart along the circumference of the first connecting channel.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the discharge corridor includes: a first corridor section and a second corridor section, the first corridor section is connected between the connecting structure and the second corridor section, and the second corridor section is located downstream of the first corridor section.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the discharge corridor also includes: a connecting corridor section, the connecting corridor forms a second connecting channel, the connecting corridor section is connected between the first corridor section and the second corridor section, so that the second connecting channel connects the first corridor section and the second corridor section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting channel gradually increases from the first corridor section to the second corridor section.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the communication corridor section is provided with a second valve, and the second valve is used to open or close the second communication channel.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the diversion and sediment removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention after being installed in a river channel;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Side view of;

[0024] Figure 4 is a perspective view of a material discharge structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the material discharge structure.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] Diversion and sand removal device 100;

[0028] Material discharge structure 10; material discharge hole 11; first valve 12; filter structure 13; first communication channel 14; guide plate 15;

[0029] Discharge gallery 20; first gallery section 21; second gallery section 22; connecting gallery section 23; second connecting channel 24; second valve 25; curved gallery section 26;

[0030] Guide wall structure 30; guide wall 31;

[0031] Communication structure 40;

[0032] Dam 200;

[0033] River 300;

[0034] 400 silt deposits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 5 The diversion and sediment removal device 100 for a river 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described, which can be used for sediment removal from water conservancy facilities such as hydropower stations on a narrow river 300.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a diversion and sediment removal device 100 for a river channel 300 is provided in the river channel 300. The diversion and sediment removal device 100 includes: a material discharge structure 10, wherein the material discharge structure 10 is formed with a material discharge hole 11 extending in the vertical direction. The material discharge structure 10 is used to be arranged on the riverbed of the river channel 300, and is located on the upstream side of the dam 200 along the extension direction of the river channel 300;

[0038] The discharge corridor 20 is arranged in the riverbed and extends along the extension direction of the river channel 300. The discharge corridor 20 is connected to the material discharge hole 11;

[0039] The guide wall structure 30 is used to be arranged in the river channel 300 and fixed to the riverbed, and the guide wall structure 30 is located on the upstream side of the dam 200, and at least a portion of the guide wall structure 30 is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure 10. The guide wall structure 30 is used to guide the water flow and the sediment in the water flow so that the water flow and the sediment in the water flow move toward the material discharge structure 10.

[0040] Among them, a dam 200 is provided in the river channel 300. The dam 200 is an important component of the hydroelectric power station. The water level difference between the reservoir and the downstream river channel 300 can be used to drive the turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity, providing clean and renewable energy for the region. After the dam 200 is built on the river, the water flow velocity in front of the dam 200 slows down, and sediment accumulates in front of the dam 200, gradually forming a triangular sediment accumulation body 400. The sediment accumulation body 400 directly occupies the reservoir storage capacity, reduces the reservoir's regulating capacity, and increases the hydrostatic pressure on the dam body, etc., which has adverse effects. The diversion and sediment removal device 100 of the present invention can effectively discharge sediment from the river channel 300, reduce the impact of sediment accumulation on the operation of the hydroelectric power station, improve the overall operating efficiency and stability of the hydroelectric power station, and ensure the normal discharge of ecological flow.

[0041] The diversion and sediment removal device 100 includes a material discharge structure 10. The vertical direction refers to the vertical direction perpendicular to the water surface of the river channel 300. The material discharge structure 10 is formed with material discharge holes 11 extending in the vertical direction. This helps guide the high-sediment-laden water flow into a strong swirling motion. The swirling motion enhances the water's ability to carry sediment, making it easier to discharge sediment, thereby improving sediment removal efficiency. Effective sediment removal through the material discharge holes 11 can reduce sediment accumulation in the river channel 300 or channel, helping to maintain the smooth flow of the river channel 300 and alleviate problems such as flooding and navigation obstructions caused by sediment accumulation.

[0042] Material discharge structure 10 is designed to be installed in the riverbed of river channel 300 and located upstream of dam 200 along the extension direction of river channel 300. It can actively guide the upstream high-sediment-content water flow to form a strong swirling motion. The swirling motion enhances the water's sediment-carrying capacity, making it easier to discharge sediment, thereby reducing sediment accumulation upstream of dam 200. The active sediment discharge of material discharge structure 10 effectively reduces the risk of dam 200 silting, extends its service life, and reduces reservoir storage capacity loss caused by sediment accumulation.

[0043] The discharge corridor 20 is located in the riverbed and extends along the direction of the river channel 300. The discharge corridor 20 is connected to the material discharge hole 11. The discharge corridor 20 serves as a continuous sediment discharge channel and forms a "point-line" coordinated system with the material discharge hole 11. The material discharge hole 11 is responsible for collecting local high-concentration sediment, and the discharge corridor 20, through its layout extending along the river channel 300, transports the dispersed sediment to the downstream or designated discharge area, avoiding the local accumulation of sediment in the riverbed. The coordinated design of the discharge corridor 20 and the material discharge hole 11 can maintain the normal discharge of the ecological flow of the river channel 300 during the sediment discharge process. The discharge corridor 20 can flexibly adjust the burial depth and cross-sectional shape to adapt to different riverbed geological conditions. For example, a prefabricated pipe corridor structure is used in a soft foundation riverbed, and a slotted buried method is used in a hard rock riverbed to ensure the long-term and stable operation of the system.

[0044] The diversion wall structure 30 is constructed of PVC or reinforced concrete. The diversion wall structure 30 can be constructed in an arc shape, and the diversion wall structure 30 protrudes toward the middle of the river channel 300. The diversion wall structure 30 is used to be set in the river channel 300 and fixed to the riverbed. In some embodiments of the present invention, when the riverbed is soft soil, silt or loose sand layer, the diversion wall structure 30 can be fixed to the riverbed through a pile foundation. The top of the pile is connected to the diversion wall structure 30 through a cast-in-place concrete pedestal, or fixed by welding with a pre-buried steel plate. The pile foundation can provide sufficient pull-out resistance and anti-slip ability. When the riverbed is rock or hard soil, the diversion wall structure 30 can be fixed by directly excavating a foundation pit and pouring concrete. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The diversion wall structure 30 can also be fixed to the riverbed by other means.

[0045] The guide wall structure 30 is located upstream of the dam 200, and at least a portion of the guide wall structure 30 is located upstream of the material discharge structure 10. In some embodiments of the present invention, one-half, two-thirds, or other proportions of the guide wall structure 30 may be located upstream of the material discharge structure 10, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The guide wall structure 30 may have other proportions located upstream of the material discharge structure 10. As long as at least a portion of the guide wall structure 30 is located upstream of the material discharge structure 10, it can be reasonably arranged according to actual conditions. The guide wall structure 30 is used to guide the water flow and the sediment in the water flow so that the water flow and the sediment in the water flow move toward the material discharge structure 10.

[0046] Specifically, the specific shape and position of the diversion wall structure 30 guides water flow along a predetermined path, reducing turbulence and eddies. Furthermore, the diversion wall structure 30 directs water and sediment toward the material discharge structure 10, enabling centralized sediment discharge and improving sediment discharge efficiency. It also reduces sediment backflow during the discharge process, ensuring that sediment can be smoothly discharged from the river channel 300. The guiding effect of the diversion wall structure 30 reduces sediment accumulation on the upstream side of the dam 200, lowering the risk of sediment accumulation at the dam 200. By reducing sediment accumulation and the direct impact of water on the dam 200, the diversion wall structure 30 helps protect the safety and stability of the dam 200 structure and extend its service life. The design of the diversion wall structure 30 also ensures that the ecological base flow of the river channel 300 is maintained during the sediment discharge process, guaranteeing the ecological water demand downstream.

[0047] The diversion wall structure 30 can be flexibly designed based on the varying conditions of the river channel 300, including its shape, size, and location, to accommodate varying water flow and sediment characteristics. By optimizing the design of the diversion wall structure 300, its adaptability to complex river channel 300 conditions can be improved, ensuring the stable operation of the sediment removal system.

[0048] Therefore, by setting up the guide wall structure 30, the material discharge structure 10, and the discharge corridor 20, and cleverly using the guide wall structure 30, the material discharge structure 10, and the discharge corridor 20 to cooperate with each other to utilize the ecological flow, it is possible to effectively discharge the sediment in the river channel 300, reduce the impact of sediment deposition on the operation of the hydropower station, improve the overall operation efficiency and stability of the hydropower station, and ensure the normal discharge of the ecological flow.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a diversion and sediment discharge device 100 for a river channel 300 is provided with a diversion wall structure 30, a material discharge structure 10, and a discharge gallery 20. The material discharge structure 10 is located on the upstream side of the dam 200, and the discharge gallery 20 is used to be arranged in the riverbed and extend along the extension direction of the river channel 300. The discharge gallery 20 is connected with the material discharge hole 11. The diversion wall structure 30 is located on the upstream side of the dam 200, and at least a part of the diversion wall structure 30 is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure 10. The diversion wall structure 30 is used to guide the water flow and the sediment in the water flow so that the water flow and the sediment in the water flow move toward the material discharge structure 10. The coordination of the diversion wall structure 30, the material discharge structure 10, and the discharge gallery 20 cleverly utilizes the ecological flow, which can realize the effective discharge of sediment in the dry season of the river, reduce the impact of sediment deposition on the operation of the hydropower station, improve the overall operation efficiency and stability of the hydropower station, and ensure the normal discharge of the ecological flow.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the guide wall structure 30 includes: two guide walls 31, the two guide walls 31 are opposite and spaced apart along the width direction of the river channel 300, and at least a portion of the material discharge structure 10 is located between the two guide walls 31 along the width direction of the river channel 300. The two guide walls 31 extend along the extension direction of the river channel 300, and a portion of the guide walls 31 is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure 10.

[0051] Two diversion walls 31 are arranged opposite and spaced apart along the width of the river channel 300, forming a narrow diversion channel that constrains water flow along a predetermined path and reduces lateral diffusion and turbulence. At least a portion of the material discharge structure 10 is located between the two diversion walls 31 along the width of the river channel 300. The two diversion walls 31 extend along the direction of the river channel 300, with portions of the diversion walls 31 located upstream of the material discharge structure 10. This concentrates water flow through the material discharge structure 10. Sediment carried by the water flow, constrained by the two diversion walls 31, is forcibly transported upstream of the material discharge structure 10, preventing sediment from accumulating in other areas of the river channel 300 and improving sediment concentration and efficiency.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, at least one of the two flow guide walls 31 is configured in an arc shape, and the arc-shaped flow guide wall 31 protrudes toward the other flow guide wall 31 .

[0053] At least one of the two guide walls 31 is configured in an arc shape. In some embodiments of the present invention, one guide wall 31 may be configured in an arc shape, or both guide walls 31 may be configured in an arc shape, as long as at least one of the two guide walls 31 is configured in an arc shape. The present invention is described using the example of two guide walls 31 both configured in an arc shape. The guide wall 31 configured in an arc shape protrudes toward the other guide wall 31, allowing the water flow to smoothly transition along the arc surface, reducing collision and friction between the water flow and the guide wall 31, and reducing energy loss. The arc-shaped guide wall 31 can form a uniform flow velocity gradient within the diversion channel, avoiding excessively high or low local flow velocities, and improving water flow transportation efficiency. The two curved guide walls 31 protrude in opposite directions, creating a "double-arc focusing" effect, which strengthens the convergence of water between the two curved guide walls 31. The protruding design of the curved guide walls 31 also creates a spiral flow or secondary flow within the diversion channel, enhancing the suspension and transport of sediment and reducing sediment deposition on the back of the diversion walls 31. The curved guide walls 31 create a sediment concentration gradient between the two walls, concentrating high-concentration sediment in the center of the diversion channel, facilitating efficient sediment collection by the material discharge structure 10. This further concentrates the flow of water and sediment toward the material discharge structure 10, enhancing sediment transport capacity.

[0054] Furthermore, as a specific embodiment of the present invention, the inlet section aperture of the material discharge hole 11 can be D1, and the inlet section aperture of the material discharge hole 11 is adapted to the width of the main channel of the river channel 300 where the material discharge hole 11 is located and the water flow conditions. The distance between the starting position of the diversion wall 31 and the material discharge hole 11 can be set between 4D1-6D1, and the diversion wall 31 extends to the upstream end of the material discharge hole 11. The diversion wall 31 should cover the main channel of the river channel 300 (referring to the riverbed area mainly occupied by the water flow in the middle water period (i.e., the common water level), which is the core channel for water and sediment transportation in the river). The starting section spacing of the diversion wall 31 can be set between 3D1-5D1, and can be adjusted according to the expected sediment conditions of the river channel 300 (if the river sediment is seriously silted, then Appropriately reduce the spacing between the starting sections), the height of the diversion wall 31 is 1.2 times the ecological flow depth, and the width of the diversion wall 31 is 1% to 8% of the width of the river channel 300 (related to the sediment content of the river channel 300, the geological conditions of the river channel 300, and the flow rate and velocity of the river channel 300). The cross-section of the diversion wall 31 intercepted by the plane in the height direction of the diversion wall 31 is trapezoidal, and along the height direction of the diversion wall 31, the trapezoidal side of the diversion wall 31 widens toward the bottom of the river channel 300. This setting can significantly shift the center of gravity of the diversion wall 31 downward, reducing the overturning moment. The wider diversion wall structure 30 at the bottom can disperse the base pressure, reduce the risk of uneven settlement, and also disperse the impact force of the water flow on the diversion wall 31, reduce the local scouring depth, and reduce the frequency of later maintenance of the diversion wall 31.

[0055] The curvature of the diversion wall 31 is restricted by the topography of the river channel 300 and the water flow rate. When the flow rate is slow and the flow rate is small, the curvature can be appropriately increased to enhance the diversion effect. The narrow river channel 300 has limited space, so the curvature of the diversion wall 31 cannot be too large. The wide river channel 300 has more space to set the curvature.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the material discharge hole 11 is provided with a first valve 12 , and the first valve 12 is used to open or close the material discharge hole 11 .

[0057] The material discharge hole 11 is provided with a first valve 12. The first valve 12 can be a gate valve, a ball valve, a butterfly valve, or other types of valves. It can be reasonably selected and set according to actual conditions and is not specifically limited here. The first valve 12 is used to open or close the material discharge hole 11. Specifically, when the water flow in the river channel 300 is large, the first valve 12 can be closed to reduce the impact on the flood discharge of the river channel 300. It can also prevent the discharge of fish, benthic organisms, etc. in the river channel 300 along with the sediment during the flood period, thereby protecting biodiversity. During the dry season of the river channel 300, the first valve 12 is opened to discharge the sediment in the river channel 300. By controlling the timing of sediment discharge through the first valve 12, the sediment can be concentrated and discharged to a designated area for subsequent resource utilization.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the material discharge hole 11 may be provided with a filter structure 13 , and the filter structure 13 is located below the first valve 12 .

[0059] Among them, the material discharge hole 11 can be provided with a filter structure 13, and the shape of the filter structure 13 is designed to be a flat wedge, and the right-angled side of the wedge is parallel to the direction of water flow to reduce the impact of water flow. The diameter of the inscribed circle of the mesh opening of the filter structure 13 should simultaneously meet the requirements of being smaller than the d25 (referring to the particle size corresponding to the cumulative percentage of sediment mass less than a certain particle size is 25%) sediment particle size of the river section (if it is a mountain river, d30 is taken) and smaller than a certain maximum acceptable particle size (such as 5mm), to ensure that only small particles of sediment enter the discharge corridor 20, to prevent large particles of sediment from entering the discharge corridor 20 and blocking the discharge corridor 20, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the diversion and sand removal device 100. The filter structure 13 is arranged close to the material discharge hole 11 and tilted downstream to ensure that large particles of sediment can move from the filter structure 13 to the downstream with the water flow or its own gravity, to prevent large particles of sediment from entering the discharge corridor 20 and blocking the discharge corridor 20. The angle at which the filter structure 13 is inclined toward the downstream should be less than or equal to the slope of the river channel 300 to ensure that the downstream position of the filter structure 13 is smoothly connected to the river channel 300 .

[0060] The filter structure 13 is located below the first valve 12. When the first valve 12 is closed during flood season, it can prevent the filter from being eroded by high-speed water flow, greatly reducing the impact and wear of the water flow on the filter. It can also prevent a large amount of debris in the flood from being stuck in the mesh of the filter structure 13, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the diversion and sand removal device 100.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the diversion and sand removal device 100 for the river channel 300 can also include: a connecting structure 40, the connecting structure 40 is used to be arranged in the riverbed, the connecting structure 40 is formed with a first connecting channel 14 extending in the up and down directions, and the connecting structure 40 is connected between the material discharge structure 10 and the discharge gallery 20, so that the first connecting channel 14 connects the material discharge hole 11 and the discharge gallery 20.

[0062] The connecting structure 40 is designed to be buried in the riverbed. It forms a first connecting channel 14 extending in the vertical direction. The connecting structure 40 is connected between the material discharge structure 10 and the discharge corridor 20, so that the first connecting channel 14 connects the material discharge hole 11 and the discharge corridor 20. This allows sediment within the river channel 300 to enter the discharge corridor 20 from the material discharge hole 11. The discharge corridor 20, acting as a continuous sediment discharge channel, forms a "point-line" coordinated system with the material discharge hole 11. The material discharge hole 11 is responsible for collecting locally high-concentration sediment, while the discharge corridor 20, extending along the river channel 300, transports dispersed sediment downstream or to designated discharge areas, preventing localized sediment accumulation in the riverbed. The coordinated design of the discharge corridor 20 and the material discharge hole 11 maintains the normal downstream flow of the river channel 300 during sediment removal.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first communication channel 14 gradually decreases from the top to the bottom of the material discharge structure 10 .

[0064] Among them, from the top to the bottom of the material discharge structure 10, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting channel 14 gradually decreases, making the cross-sectional area of ​​the material discharge hole 11 larger, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the connection between the first connecting channel 14 and the sand discharge corridor smaller, which can expand the capture area of ​​the material discharge hole 11 for the water flow. When the water flows through the material discharge hole 11, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting channel 14 gradually decreases, which increases the flow rate of the water flow, and can enhance the carrying capacity of the sediment in the water flow, and promote the sediment to flow from the material discharge hole 11 and the first connecting channel 14 into the discharge corridor 20. As an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the first connecting channel 14 can be set between 1D1 and 1.5D1, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be reasonably set according to actual conditions.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of guide vanes 15 may be provided in the first communication channel 14 . The plurality of guide vanes 15 are fixed to the inner side wall of the communication structure 40 , and the plurality of guide vanes 15 are sequentially spaced apart along the circumference of the first communication channel 14 .

[0066] Among them, multiple guide vanes 15 can be provided in the first connecting channel 14. In some embodiments of the present invention, two, three, four or other number of guide vanes 15 can be provided in the first connecting channel 14, but the present invention is not limited to this. Other numbers of guide vanes 15 can also be provided in the first connecting channel 14, as long as multiple guide vanes 15 are provided in the first connecting channel 14.

[0067] Multiple guide vanes 15 are fixed to the inner side wall of the connecting structure 40. In some embodiments of the present invention, the guide vanes 15 and the connecting structure 40 can be fixedly connected by welding, or the guide vanes 15 and the connecting structure 40 can be fixedly connected by bonding, or the guide vanes 15 and the connecting structure 40 can be integrally formed, but the present invention is not limited to this. The guide vanes 15 and the connecting structure 40 can also be fixedly connected by other means, as long as multiple guide vanes 15 are fixed to the inner side wall of the connecting structure 40.

[0068] The guide vanes 15 guide sediment in a predetermined direction, reducing turbulence and eddies within the first connecting channel 14. They also prevent sediment from accumulating due to uneven flow velocities within the first connecting channel 14, particularly at the bottom or corners of the first connecting channel 14, thereby reducing the risk of sediment blockage. Multiple guide vanes 15 are arranged in intervals along the circumference of the first connecting channel 14. These guide vanes 15 disperse the impact of water flow and sediment in multiple directions, reducing wear on the inner wall of the connecting structure 40 caused by localized high stress and ensuring a uniform flow pattern.

[0069] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the number of guide plates 15 can be set to 4-8 pieces. The number of guide plates 15 can be reasonably set according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet section of the material discharge hole 11. The larger the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet section of the material discharge hole 11, the more guide plates 15 there are. The length of the guide plate 15 can be set between 30% D1 and 50% D1, the root thickness of the guide plate 15 (the connection between the guide plate 15 and the inner side wall of the connecting structure 40) can be set between 5 cm and 10 cm, the top of the guide plate 15 (the end opposite to the root of the guide plate 15) can be set between 2 cm and 5 cm (depending on the size of the sediment particles and the smoothness of the water flow), the width of the guide plate 15 can be set between 15% D1 and 30% D1 (inversely proportional to the number of guide plates 15), and the spacing between any two adjacent guide plates 15 can be set to 1 to 2 times the width of the guide plate 15 to facilitate the passage of water and sediment and avoid blockage. The guide plate 15 makes the water flow more evenly distributed in the first connecting channel 14, avoiding the occurrence of areas with local low flow velocity, and guides the water flow to form a spiral flow state, thereby enhancing the entrainment effect of the water flow on the sediment, reducing the possibility of sediment accumulation near the entrance of the material discharge hole 11, and improving the sediment discharge efficiency.

[0070] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the discharge corridor 20 may include: a first corridor section 21 and a second corridor section 22 , the first corridor section 21 is connected between the connecting structure 40 and the second corridor section 22 , and the second corridor section 22 is located at the downstream side of the first corridor section 21 .

[0071] The first corridor section 21 is connected between the connecting structure 40 and the second corridor section 22. The first corridor section 21 can be designed as an acceleration section, increasing water velocity and reducing the risk of sediment deposition by reducing its cross-sectional area or adjusting its slope. The second corridor section 22, located downstream of the first corridor section 21, can be designed as a stabilizing section, reducing flow velocity and avoiding impact on the downstream environment. By designing the discharge corridor 20 in sections, turbulence and eddies within the discharge corridor 20 are reduced, reducing energy loss. This can further extend the service life of the diversion and sediment removal device 100, reduce maintenance costs, and achieve efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly sediment discharge. Furthermore, a curved corridor section 26 can be connected between the first corridor section 21 and the connecting structure 40. This curved corridor section 26 can smoothly transition the flow direction, reduce turbulence and energy loss at the turning point, ensure smoother water flow, and reduce the impact and wear of water and sediment on the inner wall of the first corridor section 21, further extending the service life of the diversion and sediment removal device 100.

[0072] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the discharge corridor 20 may further include: a connecting corridor section 23, the connecting corridor forming a second connecting channel 24, the connecting corridor section 23 being connected between the first corridor section 21 and the second corridor section 22, so that the second connecting channel 24 connects the first corridor section 21 and the second corridor section 22, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting channel 24 gradually increases from the first corridor section 21 to the second corridor section 22.

[0073] The cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge corridor 20 can be circular, and the cross-sectional area is determined according to the size of the ecological flow and the design slope of the discharge corridor 20. Since the discharge corridor 20 is in a pressure-free flow state, the open channel uniform flow formula is adopted. (where Q is the flow rate, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the water flow, C is the Shecai coefficient, R is the hydraulic radius, and i is the channel bottom slope) can be calculated to obtain a reasonable cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge corridor 20. Then, according to the specific conditions of the different river channels 300, the calculated cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge corridor 20 is expanded according to a certain safety factor (to prevent the discharge corridor 20 from being blocked), which is the actual cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge corridor 20. The Shecai coefficient C can be obtained by the Manning formula C = R (1 / 6) / n (n is the roughness), and the roughness n is determined according to the material and surface roughness of the material discharge hole 11 and the discharge gallery 20.

[0074] The connecting gallery section 23 is connected between the first gallery section 21 and the second gallery section 22, so that the second connecting channel 24 connects the first gallery section 21 and the second gallery section 22, thereby allowing the water flow in the first gallery section 21 to flow into the second gallery section 22 through the connecting gallery section 23. The cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting channel 24 gradually increases from the first gallery section 21 to the second gallery section 22, so that the flow velocity in the discharge gallery 20 gradually decreases, which can reduce the severe disturbance of the fluid in the gallery and reduce the turbulence intensity.

[0075] Furthermore, the cross-sectional diameter of the first corridor section 21 can be D2, the length of the connecting corridor section 23 can be set between 2D2-3D2, the bottom of the connecting corridor section 23 is flush with the bottom of the first corridor section 21 (meaning that the bottom of the cross-sectional circle of the connecting corridor section 23 is cotangent with the bottom of the cross-sectional circle of the first corridor section 21), and the connecting corridor section 23 is expanded at the upper end and both side ends to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting channel 24 along the direction from the first corridor section 21 to the second corridor section 22, and the diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the end (downstream end) of the connecting corridor section 23 is 1.3-1.6 times the diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the starting end (upstream end) of the connecting corridor section 23 (here refers to the diameter ratio when the cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting corridor section 23 is synchronously expanded in the circumferential direction). Such an arrangement can make the water flow transition smoothly, reduce the flow velocity, and reduce the scouring of the downstream. Since the sediment carried by the water flow is mainly fine-grained suspended sediment, it is not easy to settle even if the flow velocity slows down.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the communication corridor section 23 is provided with a second valve 25 , and the second valve 25 is used to open or close the second communication channel 24 .

[0077] The second valve 25 can be a gate valve, a ball valve, a butterfly valve, or other valves, and can be appropriately selected and configured based on actual conditions, without specific limitations herein. The second valve 25 is used to open or close the second connecting passage 24. The second valve 25 opens and closes synchronously with the first valve 12 to prevent sediment from flowing back into the discharge corridor 20 during high water flow, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the diversion and sediment removal device 100.

[0078] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0079] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A diversion and sediment removal device for a river, characterized in that: A dam is provided in the river channel, and the diversion and sediment removal device includes: a material discharge structure having a material discharge hole extending in an up-down direction, the material discharge structure being configured to be disposed on a riverbed of the river channel and being located upstream of the dam along an extension direction of the river channel; a discharge gallery, the discharge gallery being arranged in the riverbed and extending along the extension direction of the river channel, the discharge gallery being in communication with the material discharge hole; A guide wall structure is provided in the river channel and fixed to the riverbed, and the guide wall structure is located on the upstream side of the dam, and at least part of the guide wall structure is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure, and the guide wall structure is used to guide the water flow and the sediment in the water flow so that the water flow and the sediment in the water flow move toward the material discharge structure.

2. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide wall structure includes: two guide walls, the two guide walls are opposite and spaced apart along the width direction of the river channel, at least a portion of the material discharge structure is located between the two guide walls along the width direction of the river channel, the two guide walls extend along the extension direction of the river channel, and a portion of the guide walls is located on the upstream side of the material discharge structure.

3. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one of the two guide walls is configured to be arc-shaped, and the guide wall configured to be arc-shaped protrudes toward the other guide wall.

4. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substance discharge hole is provided with a first valve, and the first valve is used to open or close the substance discharge hole.

5. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material discharge hole is provided with a filter structure, and the filter structure is located below the first valve.

6. The diversion and sediment removal device for a river according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A connecting structure is provided in the riverbed, wherein the connecting structure is formed with a first connecting channel extending in an up-down direction, and the connecting structure is connected between the material discharge structure and the discharge gallery so that the first connecting channel connects the material discharge hole and the discharge gallery.

7. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the first communication channel gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side of the substance discharge structure.

8. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of guide vanes are provided in the first communicating channel, the plurality of guide vanes are fixed to the inner side wall of the communicating structure, and the plurality of guide vanes are sequentially spaced apart along the circumference of the first communicating channel.

9. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 6, characterized in that: The discharge corridor includes: a first corridor section and a second corridor section, the first corridor section is connected between the connecting structure and the second corridor section, and the second corridor section is located on the downstream side of the first corridor section.

10. The device for diverting and removing sediment from a river according to claim 9, characterized in that: The discharge corridor also includes: a connecting corridor section, the connecting corridor forming a second connecting channel, the connecting corridor section is connected between the first corridor section and the second corridor section, so that the second connecting channel connects the first corridor section and the second corridor section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting channel gradually increases from the first corridor section to the second corridor section.

11. The river diversion and sediment removal device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The communication corridor section is provided with a second valve, and the second valve is used to open or close the second communication channel.

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