Soil slope ecological protection system and construction and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil slope ecological protection system and a construction and application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration. The invention provides a soil slope ecological protection system. The soil slope ecological protection system comprises a surface vegetation system, a middle protection layer and a bottom water guide reinforcing layer. The surface vegetation system comprises a degradable fiber net and a vegetation matrix, the middle protective layer comprises an upper anti-scouring layer and a lower water guide reinforcing layer, and the bottom water guide reinforcing layer comprises a water guide pipe, a plant root system inducer, an anchor rod and a compound matrix. According to the soil slope ecological protection system, the vegetation root system density, the vegetation coverage rate and the anchoring depth can be increased, the surface runoff and the soil loss amount are reduced, and the soil slope ecological protection system is suitable for ecological management of slopes of roads, railways, mines, river banks and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological protection system for soil slopes and a construction and application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Slope restoration and greening projects are environmental protection projects that focus on plant planting and combine civil engineering measures to achieve ecological restoration. They are mainly used on gentle slopes of soil and stone, and improve the ecological environment by conserving water resources, preventing soil erosion and landslides, and purifying the air.

[0003] Traditional soil slope greening technology has many shortcomings. For example, the three-dimensional net grass planting technology has defects such as easy erosion of the surface soil, poor water retention, difficulty in root anchoring and low vegetation survival rate; the method of relying solely on plant roots or lightweight materials for reinforcement cannot resist soil erosion or slope sliding caused by heavy rainfall, and the structural stability is not high; the method of using concrete frames combined with vegetation bags, although structurally stable, has the problems of damaging the ecological environment and non-degradable materials; the method based on traditional geocell filling matrix cannot solve the synergistic effect of drainage and anti-erosion, and is therefore prone to matrix loss; the method of using microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation for reinforcement has the defects of long construction period, high cost and difficulty in large-scale application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological protection system for soil slopes and a construction and application method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the existing ecological restoration methods for soil slopes cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of ecological friendliness, structural stability and construction convenience.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an ecological protection system for soil slopes, comprising a surface vegetation system, an intermediate protection layer, and a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer;

[0007] The surface vegetation system includes a degradable fiber net and a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation matrix includes plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a matrix layer;

[0008] The matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of clay, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 0.2-0.4 parts of water-retaining agent, and 1-3 parts of composite microbial agent (1);

[0009] The intermediate protective layer includes an upper anti-scour layer and a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer;

[0010] The upper anti-scour layer includes straw and polylactic acid, and the lower water-conducting reinforcement layer includes PLA geocells and lightweight foamed ceramsite;

[0011] The bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer includes a water pipe, a plant root inducer, an anchor rod, and a composite matrix;

[0012] The anchor rod comprises the following components by weight: 50-60 parts of polylactic acid and 40-50 parts of bamboo fiber;

[0013] The composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-70 parts of peat soil, 3.5-4.5 parts of composite microbial agent (2), 0.1-1.5 parts of NAA rooting agent, and 25-35 parts of water.

[0014] Preferably, the degradable fiber web comprises one or more of a coconut fiber web, a polylactic acid fiber web and a straw fiber web;

[0015] The weight of the degradable fiber web is 115 to 350 g / m 2 , the mesh size of the degradable fiber mesh is 2 to 5 cm;

[0016] The plant seeds include herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds;

[0017] The mass ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6-8:2-4;

[0018] The herbaceous plant seeds include ryegrass and / or tall fescue; the shrub plant seeds include Amorpha fruticosa and / or Lespedeza bicolor;

[0019] The amount of the plant seeds is 35-45 g / m 3 ;

[0020] The slow-release fertilizer contains 20% to 30% nitrogen, 10% to 20% phosphorus, and 5% to 15% potassium.

[0021] The clay is one or more of paddy soil, yellow loam and red loam;

[0022] The water-retaining agent comprises one of polyacrylamide, hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate;

[0023] The composite microbial agent (1) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-20 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 15-25 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

[0024] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent (1) comprises the following steps:

[0025] (A) Mixing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with Brevibacillus laterosporus and allowing to stand at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent A1;

[0026] (B) Mixing bacterial agent A1 with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and letting it stand at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent B1;

[0027] (C) The bacterial agent B1 is mixed with photosynthetic bacteria and allowed to stand for 24 to 48 hours to obtain a composite microbial agent (1).

[0028] Preferably, in the upper anti-scour layer, the mass ratio of the straw to the polylactic acid is 1-3:2-4;

[0029] The mesh size of the PLA geocell is 13 to 15 cm;

[0030] The particle size of the lightweight foamed ceramsite is 1 to 3 cm, and the porosity of the lightweight foamed ceramsite is 65% to 75%.

[0031] Preferably, in the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, the diameter of the water-conducting pipe is 1 to 2 cm;

[0032] The plant root inducer includes one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; the concentration of the plant root inducer is 350-450 mg / L;

[0033] The length of the anchor rod is 2 to 4 m, and the diameter of the anchor rod is 20 to 30 mm;

[0034] The pH of the composite matrix is ​​6.5 to 7.5;

[0035] The composite microbial agent (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-15 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 15-25 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria;

[0036] The initial concentration of the NAA rooting agent is 300-500 mg / L.

[0037] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent (2) comprises the following steps:

[0038] (a) mixing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and allowing them to stand for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent A2;

[0039] (b) mixing Brevibacillus laterosporus and photosynthetic bacteria and allowing to stand for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent B2;

[0040] (c) Mix the bacterial agent A2 and the bacterial agent B2 to obtain a composite microbial agent (2).

[0041] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological protection system in the ecological restoration of soil slopes.

[0042] The present invention also provides a soil slope ecological restoration method, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) Anchor rods are laid on the slope surface, grooves are opened on the surface of the anchor rods and filled with composite matrix, and water pipes pre-filled with plant root inducers are implanted into the slope surface to obtain a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer;

[0044] (2) laying PLA geocells on the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, filling the PLA geocells with lightweight foamed ceramsite to obtain a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, and then covering the upper anti-scour layer to obtain an intermediate protective layer;

[0045] (3) Plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a substrate layer are mixed to obtain a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation matrix is ​​sprayed on the surface of the middle protective layer. 135 to 155 minutes after spraying, a degradable fiber mesh is embedded in the vegetation matrix to obtain a surface vegetation system.

[0046] Preferably, the anchor rods in step (1) are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, the spacing between the anchor rods is 1 to 1.5 m, and the angle between the anchor rods and the slope surface is 10° to 20°;

[0047] The depth of the groove in step (1) is 1 to 3 mm, the width of the groove is 3.5 to 4.5 mm, and the density of the grooves is 16 to 18;

[0048] The implantation depth of the aqueduct in step (1) is 40 to 50 cm;

[0049] The thickness of the upper anti-scour layer in step (2) is 2 to 4 cm.

[0050] Preferably, the pressure of the spraying in step (3) is 0.4-1.3 MPa, and the spraying distance is ≥15 m;

[0051] The embedding temperature in step (3) is 70-90°C, the embedding pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the embedding time is 45-55 s / m 2 The embedding depth is 1 to 3 cm.

[0052] The present invention has the following technical effects and advantages:

[0053] (1) The present invention adopts the core strategies of "dynamic coupling of degradable materials" and "guiding anchoring of vegetation roots" to prepare an ecological protection system for soil slopes consisting of a multi-level coordinated composite structure, which is suitable for the ecological management of slopes such as roads, railways, mines, and river banks;

[0054] (2) In the soil slope ecological protection system of the present invention, the degradation period of the PLA geocell is 24 to 36 months, and the degradation period of the degradable fiber mesh is 18 to 24 months. This achieves the gradient degradation of the PLA geocell and the degradable fiber mesh, which can be coordinated with the root development cycle of herbaceous plants and shrubs. On the 180th day after completion, the vegetation coverage rate increased by more than 85%, and the soil loss was reduced by more than 85.5%.

[0055] (3) In the soil slope ecological protection system of the present invention, the NAA rooting agent pre-placed in the water conduit can increase the density of vegetation roots by 2.1 times and the anchoring depth by 180%. The anchor rod has good tensile strength, and the tensile strength is still retained by more than 70% after 12 months. The composite matrix in the anchor rod groove can directionally guide the growth direction of the vegetation root system, promoting the vegetation root system to grow along the axis of the anchor rod.

[0056] (4) In the soil slope ecological protection system of the present invention, the upper anti-scour layer of the intermediate protection layer and the lower water-conducting reinforcement layer can form a hierarchical drainage and anti-scour structure with the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer. In the rainstorm verification test, the sediment content of the surface runoff can be reduced by 85.8%, the matrix retention rate reaches 95.3%, and the anchor rod displacement is only 3.2 mm, which is reduced by 88.8%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the soil slope ecological protection system of the present invention. In the figure, I is the surface vegetation system, II is the middle protection layer, II-1 is the upper anti-scour layer, II-2 is the lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, and III is the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present invention provides an ecological protection system for soil slopes, comprising a surface vegetation system, an intermediate protection layer, and a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer;

[0059] The surface vegetation system includes a degradable fiber net and a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation matrix includes plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a matrix layer;

[0060] The matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of clay, preferably 60 parts; 25-35 parts of vermiculite, preferably 30 parts; 0.2-0.4 parts of water-retaining agent, preferably 0.3 parts; 1-3 parts of composite microbial agent (1), preferably 2 parts;

[0061] The intermediate protective layer includes an upper anti-scour layer and a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer;

[0062] The upper anti-scour layer includes straw and polylactic acid (PLA), and the lower water-conducting reinforcement layer includes PLA geocells and lightweight foamed ceramsite;

[0063] The bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer includes a water pipe, a plant root inducer, an anchor rod, and a composite matrix;

[0064] The anchor rod comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 to 60 parts of polylactic acid (PLA), preferably 55 parts; 40 to 50 parts of bamboo fiber, preferably 45 parts;

[0065] The composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 to 70 parts of peat soil, preferably 65 parts; 3.5 to 4.5 parts of composite microbial agent (2), preferably 4 parts; 0.1 to 1.5 parts of NAA rooting agent, preferably 1 part; and 25 to 35 parts of water, preferably 30 parts.

[0066] In the present invention, the degradable fiber web comprises one or more of a coconut fiber web, a polylactic acid (PLA) fiber web and a straw fiber web;

[0067] The weight of the degradable fiber web is 115 to 350 g / m 2 , the mesh size of the degradable fiber mesh is 2 to 5 cm;

[0068] The weight of the coconut fiber net is 250-350g / m 2 , preferably 300g / m 2 The mesh size of the coconut fiber net is 2 to 4 cm, preferably 3 cm;

[0069] The polylactic acid (PLA) fiber mesh has a gram weight of 115 to 135 g / m 2 , preferably 120g / m 2 The mesh size of the polylactic acid (PLA) fiber mesh is 3 to 5 cm, preferably 4 cm;

[0070] The gram weight of the straw fiber net is 150-250g / m 2 , preferably 200g / m 2 The mesh size of the straw fiber net is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm;

[0071] The plant seeds include herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds;

[0072] The mass ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6-8:2-4, preferably 7:3;

[0073] The herbaceous plant seeds include ryegrass and / or tall fescue; the shrub plant seeds include Amorpha fruticosa and / or Lespedeza bicolor;

[0074] The amount of the plant seeds is 35-45 g / m 3 , preferably 40g / m 3 ;

[0075] The slow-release fertilizer has a nitrogen content of 20% to 30%, preferably 25%; a phosphorus content of 10% to 20%, preferably 15%; and a potassium content of 5% to 15%, preferably 10%.

[0076] The release period of the slow-release fertilizer is greater than 8 months;

[0077] The clay is one or more of paddy soil, yellow loam and red loam, preferably paddy soil;

[0078] The water-retaining agent comprises one of polyacrylamide (PAM), hydroxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), preferably polyacrylamide (PAM);

[0079] The composite microbial agent (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus, preferably 50 parts; 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, preferably 15 parts; 10-20 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, preferably 15 parts; 15-25 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, preferably 20 parts;

[0080] The Brevibacillus laterosporus is preferably Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, with an initial viable bacteria concentration of 200 million / g, purchased from Hubei Taidao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0081] The photosynthetic bacteria are preferably photosynthetic bacteria powder, with an initial viable bacteria concentration of 200 million / g, purchased from Huachuang Jianong Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd.

[0082] The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are preferably nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder, with an initial viable bacteria concentration of 200 million / g, purchased from Wuhan Tiandu Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

[0083] The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are preferably phosphate-solubilizing bacteria powder, with an initial viable bacteria concentration of 200 million / g, purchased from Hubei Kangshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0084] In the present invention, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent (1) comprises the following steps:

[0085] (A) mixing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with Brevibacillus laterosporus and allowing to stand at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours, preferably 36 hours, to obtain bacterial agent A1;

[0086] (B) Mixing bacterial agent A1 with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leaving it at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours, preferably 36 hours, to obtain bacterial agent B1;

[0087] (C) The bacterial agent B1 is mixed with photosynthetic bacteria and allowed to stand for 24 to 48 hours, preferably 36 hours, to obtain a composite microbial agent (1).

[0088] In the present invention, in the upper anti-scour layer, the mass ratio of the straw to polylactic acid (PLA) is 1-3:2-4, preferably 2:3;

[0089] The mesh size of the PLA geocell is 13 to 15 cm, preferably 14 cm;

[0090] The particle size of the lightweight foamed ceramsite is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm; the porosity of the lightweight foamed ceramsite is 65% to 75%, preferably 70%.

[0091] In the present invention, in the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, the water conduit is preferably a polylactic acid (PLA) water conduit; the length of the water conduit is 45 to 50 cm, preferably 47 cm; the diameter of the water conduit is 1 to 2 cm, preferably 1.5 cm;

[0092] The plant root inducer includes one of indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), preferably naphthylacetic acid (NAA); the concentration of the plant root inducer is 350-450 mg / L, preferably 400 mg / L;

[0093] The length of the anchor rod is 2 to 4 meters, preferably 3 meters; the diameter of the anchor rod is 20 to 30 mm, preferably 25 mm; the tensile strength of the anchor rod is ≥85 MPa;

[0094] The pH of the composite matrix is ​​6.5 to 7.5, preferably 7;

[0095] The composite microbial agent (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 to 65 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus, preferably 52 parts; 10 to 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, preferably 13 parts; 10 to 15 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, preferably 13 parts; and 15 to 25 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, preferably 22 parts.

[0096] The initial concentration of the NAA rooting agent is 300-500 mg / L, preferably 400 mg / L.

[0097] In the present invention, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent (2) comprises the following steps:

[0098] (a) mixing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and allowing to stand for 24 to 48 hours, preferably 36 hours, to obtain bacterial agent A2;

[0099] (b) mixing Brevibacillus laterosporus and photosynthetic bacteria and allowing to stand for 24 to 48 hours, preferably 36 hours, to obtain bacterial agent B2;

[0100] (c) Mix the bacterial agent A2 and the bacterial agent B2 to obtain a composite microbial agent (2).

[0101] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological protection system in the ecological restoration of soil slopes.

[0102] The present invention also provides a soil slope ecological restoration method, comprising the following steps:

[0103] (1) Anchor rods are laid on the slope surface, grooves are opened on the surface of the anchor rods and filled with composite matrix, and water pipes pre-filled with plant root inducers are implanted into the slope surface to obtain a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer;

[0104] (2) laying PLA geocells on the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, filling the PLA geocells with lightweight foamed ceramsite to obtain a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, and then covering the upper anti-scour layer to obtain an intermediate protective layer;

[0105] (3) Plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a matrix layer are mixed to obtain a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation matrix is ​​sprayed on the surface of the middle protective layer. 135 to 155 minutes after spraying, preferably 145 minutes, a degradable fiber mesh is embedded in the vegetation matrix to obtain a surface vegetation system.

[0106] In the present invention, the anchor rods in step (1) are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, with a spacing of 1 to 1.5 m, preferably 1.2 m; the angle between the anchor rods and the slope surface is 10° to 20°, preferably 15°; the depth of the anchor rods into the slope is 2 to 5 m, preferably 2.5 m;

[0107] The depth of the groove in step (1) is 1 to 3 mm, preferably 2 cm; the width of the groove is 3.5 to 4.5 mm, preferably 4 mm; the density of the groove is 16 to 18, preferably 17;

[0108] The water conduit in step (1) is implanted at the node of the PLA geocell; the implantation depth of the water conduit is 40 to 50 cm, preferably 47 cm;

[0109] The thickness of the upper anti-scour layer in step (2) is 2 to 4 cm, preferably 3 cm.

[0110] In the present invention, the pressure of the spraying in step (3) is 0.4-1.3 MPa, and the spraying distance is ≥15 m;

[0111] The spraying equipment is a dry spraying machine or a hydraulic spraying machine;

[0112] The dry spraying machine is suitable for slopes with a slope of more than 45 degrees. The spraying pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, preferably 0.7 MPa; the spraying distance is 10-20 m, preferably 15 m.

[0113] The hydraulic seeding machine is suitable for slopes with a slope of ≤45°, the seeding pressure is 1.0-1.3MPa, preferably 1.2MPa; the seeding distance is 10-30m, preferably 20m;

[0114] The embedding method in step (3) is longitudinal rolling embedding along the slope surface; the embedding temperature is 70-90°C, preferably 80°C; the embedding pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, preferably 0.3 MPa; the embedding time is 45-55 s / m 2 , preferably 50s / m 2 ; The embedding depth is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm.

[0115] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0116] In the present invention, the slow-release fertilizer is a resin-coated slow-release fertilizer purchased from Wuzhoufeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; Brevibacillus laterosporus powder was purchased from Hubei Taidao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; photosynthetic bacteria powder was purchased from Huachuang Jianong Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd.; nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder was purchased from Wuhan Tiandu Plant Technology Co., Ltd.; phosphate-solubilizing bacteria powder was purchased from Hubei Kangshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0117] Among the equipment of the present invention, the GZ-5 dry spraying machine was purchased from Zhengzhou Gaode Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.; the ZKP-132 hydraulic spraying machine was purchased from Henan Qingshan Lushui Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd.; and the crawler hot press was purchased from Shenzhen Shenkeda Precision Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0118] Example 1: Soil Slope Ecological Restoration Method

[0119] The repair method of this embodiment is suitable for repairing soil slopes with a slope of 35° to 45°.

[0120] (1) 55 kg of PLA and 45 kg of bamboo fiber were combined to obtain an anchor rod with a length of 3 m, a diameter of 25 mm, and a tensile strength of 92 MPa;

[0121] 13 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 22 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain agent A2; 52 kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 13 kg of photosynthetic bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain agent B2; the agents A2 and B2 were mixed to obtain a composite microbial agent (2);

[0122] 65 kg of peat soil, 4 kg of composite microbial agent (2), 1 kg of 400 mg / L NAA rooting agent and 30 kg of water were mixed to obtain a composite matrix with a pH of 7;

[0123] Anchor rods were laid out in a plum blossom pattern on the trimmed slope surface, with a spacing of 1.2 m between them, a 15° angle with the slope surface, and an anchor depth of 1.5 times the slope height. Seventeen grooves, 2 cm deep and 4 mm wide, were created on the surface of each anchor rod and filled with a composite matrix. 400 mg / L NAA was pre-loaded into a 47 cm long, 1.5 cm diameter PLA water conduit. The water conduit was then vertically implanted at a depth of 47 cm at the nodes of the PLA geocells pre-set on the slope surface, forming a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer.

[0124] (2) Mix 2 kg of straw and 3 kg of PLA to obtain an upper anti-scour layer;

[0125] A PLA geocell with a mesh size of 14 cm was laid on the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, and a lightweight expanded ceramsite with a particle size of 2 cm and a porosity of 70% was filled into the PLA geocell to obtain a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, which was then covered with a 3 cm upper anti-scour layer to obtain an intermediate protective layer.

[0126] (3) Mixing 7 kg of ryegrass seeds and 3 kg of Amorpha fruticosa seeds to obtain plant seeds;

[0127] A resin-coated slow-release fertilizer with a nitrogen (N) content of 25%, a phosphorus (P2O5) content of 15%, and a potassium (K2O) content of 10% is used as the slow-release fertilizer;

[0128] 20 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 50 kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain bacterial agent A1; then 15 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and bacterial agent A1 were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain bacterial agent B1; then 15 kg of photosynthetic bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and bacterial agent B1 were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain composite microbial bacterial agent (1);

[0129] 60 kg of paddy soil, 30 kg of vermiculite, 0.3 kg of PAM, and 2 kg of composite microbial agent (1) were mixed to obtain a matrix layer;

[0130] Plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a substrate layer are mixed to obtain a planting substrate, wherein the amount of plant seeds in the planting substrate is 40 g / m 3 The ZKP-132 hydraulic seeding machine was used to spray the plant matrix on the surface of the middle protective layer at a pressure of 1.2 MPa and a distance of 20 m. 145 minutes after the spraying, a crawler hot press was used to press the plant matrix with a weight of 300 g / m 2 , the coconut fiber net with a mesh size of 3 cm is rolled longitudinally along the slope and embedded into the planting matrix, and the embedding time is set to 50s / m 2, the embedding depth is 2 cm, and the surface vegetation system is obtained.

[0131] Example 2: Soil Slope Ecological Restoration Method

[0132] The repair method of this embodiment is suitable for repairing soil slopes with a slope of 45° to 60°.

[0133] (1) 55 kg of PLA and 45 kg of bamboo fiber were combined to obtain an anchor rod with a length of 3 m, a diameter of 25 mm, and a tensile strength of 92 MPa;

[0134] 13 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 22 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain agent A2; 52 kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 13 kg of photosynthetic bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain agent B2; the agents A2 and B2 were mixed to obtain a composite microbial agent (2);

[0135] 65 kg of peat soil, 4 kg of composite microbial agent (2), 1 kg of 400 mg / L NAA rooting agent and 30 kg of water were mixed to obtain a composite matrix with a pH of 7;

[0136] Anchor rods were laid out in a plum blossom pattern on the trimmed slope surface, with a spacing of 1.2 m between them, a 15° angle with the slope surface, and an anchor depth of 1.5 times the slope height. Seventeen grooves, 2 cm deep and 4 mm wide, were created on the surface of each anchor rod and filled with a composite matrix. 400 mg / L NAA was pre-loaded into a 47 cm long, 1.5 cm diameter PLA water conduit. The water conduit was then vertically implanted at a depth of 47 cm at the nodes of the PLA geocells pre-set on the slope surface, forming a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer.

[0137] (2) Mix 2 kg of straw and 3 kg of PLA to obtain an upper anti-scour layer;

[0138] A PLA geocell with a mesh size of 14 cm was laid on the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, and a lightweight expanded ceramsite with a particle size of 2 cm and a porosity of 70% was filled into the PLA geocell to obtain a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, which was then covered with a 3 cm upper anti-scour layer to obtain an intermediate protective layer.

[0139] (3) taking 7 kg of tall fescue seeds and 3 kg of Lespedeza seeds and mixing them to obtain plant seeds;

[0140] A resin-coated slow-release fertilizer with a nitrogen (N) content of 25%, a phosphorus (P2O5) content of 15%, and a potassium (K2O) content of 10% is used as the slow-release fertilizer;

[0141] 20 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 50 kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain bacterial agent A1; then 15 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and bacterial agent A1 were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain bacterial agent B1; then 15 kg of photosynthetic bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and bacterial agent B1 were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain composite microbial bacterial agent (1);

[0142] 60 kg of yellow loam, 30 kg of vermiculite, 0.3 kg of PAM, and 2 kg of composite microbial agent (1) were mixed to obtain a matrix layer;

[0143] Plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a substrate layer are mixed to obtain a planting substrate, wherein the amount of plant seeds in the planting substrate is 40 g / m 3 The GZ-5 dry spray machine was used to spray the vegetation matrix on the surface of the middle protective layer at a pressure of 0.7 MPa and a distance of 15 m. 145 minutes after spraying, a crawler hot press was used to press the vegetation matrix with a weight of 120 g / m 2 , a PLA fiber mesh with a mesh size of 4 cm was rolled longitudinally along the slope and embedded into the vegetation matrix, and the embedding time was set to 50s / m 2 , the embedding depth is 2 cm, and the surface vegetation system is obtained.

[0144] Example 3: Ecological restoration method for soil slopes

[0145] The repair method of this embodiment is suitable for repairing soil slopes with a slope of less than 35°.

[0146] (1) 55 kg of PLA and 45 kg of bamboo fiber were combined to obtain an anchor rod with a length of 3 m, a diameter of 25 mm, and a tensile strength of 92 MPa;

[0147] 13 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 22 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain agent A2; 52 kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 13 kg of photosynthetic bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain agent B2; the agents A2 and B2 were mixed to obtain a composite microbial agent (2);

[0148] 65 kg of peat soil, 4 kg of composite microbial agent (2), 1 kg of 400 mg / L NAA rooting agent and 30 kg of water were mixed to obtain a composite matrix with a pH of 7;

[0149] Anchor rods were laid out in a plum blossom pattern on the trimmed slope surface, with a spacing of 1.2 m between them, a 15° angle with the slope surface, and an anchor depth of 1.5 times the slope height. Seventeen grooves, 2 cm deep and 4 mm wide, were created on the surface of each anchor rod and filled with a composite matrix. 400 mg / L NAA was pre-loaded into a 47 cm long, 1.5 cm diameter PLA water conduit. The water conduit was then vertically implanted at a depth of 47 cm at the nodes of the PLA geocells pre-set on the slope surface, forming a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer.

[0150] (2) Mix 2 kg of straw and 3 kg of PLA to obtain an upper anti-scour layer;

[0151] A PLA geocell with a mesh size of 14 cm was laid on the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, and a lightweight expanded ceramsite with a particle size of 2 cm and a porosity of 70% was filled into the PLA geocell to obtain a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, which was then covered with a 3 cm upper anti-scour layer to obtain an intermediate protective layer.

[0152] (3) Mixing 7 kg of ryegrass seeds and 3 kg of Amorpha fruticosa seeds to obtain plant seeds;

[0153] A resin-coated slow-release fertilizer with a nitrogen (N) content of 25%, a phosphorus (P2O5) content of 15%, and a potassium (K2O) content of 10% is used as the slow-release fertilizer;

[0154] 20 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and 50 kg of Brevibacillus laterosporus with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain bacterial agent A1; then 15 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and bacterial agent A1 were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain bacterial agent B1; then 15 kg of photosynthetic bacteria powder with an initial live bacteria concentration of 200 million cells / g and bacterial agent B1 were mixed and allowed to stand for 36 hours to obtain composite microbial bacterial agent (1);

[0155] 60 kg of red soil, 30 kg of vermiculite, 0.3 kg of PAM, and 2 kg of composite microbial agent (1) were mixed to obtain a matrix layer;

[0156] Plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a substrate layer are mixed to obtain a planting substrate, wherein the amount of plant seeds in the planting substrate is 40 g / m 3 The ZKP-132 hydraulic seeding machine was used to spray the plant matrix on the surface of the middle protective layer at a pressure of 1.2 MPa and a distance of 20 m. 145 minutes after the spraying, a crawler hot press was used to press the plant matrix with a weight of 200 g / m 2 , a straw fiber net with a mesh size of 2 cm is rolled longitudinally along the slope and embedded into the planting matrix, and the embedding time is set to 50s / m 2, the embedding depth is 2 cm, and the surface vegetation system is obtained.

[0157] Experimental Example 1: Ecological Restoration of Highway Soil Slopes

[0158] The road soil slope is located on the newly excavated south-facing slope of Longjiaoshan County Road in Daye City, Hubei Province. The test area is 2450m 2 The slope is 42°, the slope soil is mainly clay, and the pH is 5.8.

[0159] The highway slope was repaired by the method described in Example 1, and the traditional three-dimensional network method disclosed by Sun Liguo in the literature (Sun Liguo. Application of three-dimensional vegetation network in highway slope protection [J]. China Science and Technology Information, 2009 (10): 63+68) was used as the control group 1. The vegetation coverage rate was measured by the segmented sampling method (sample size: 1m×1m) on the 30th and 180th days after completion; the runoff cell method (trapezoidal clustering) was used to measure the vegetation coverage rate.

[0160] Soil loss was measured using a flow channel (1.5 m × 0.8 m × 0.3 m). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0161] Table 1 Ecological restoration effect of highway soil slope

[0162]

[0163] Note: Ecological restoration effect = (value of Example 1 - value of control group 1) ÷ value of control group 1.

[0164] The results showed that the ecological restoration method described in Example 1 significantly outperformed the traditional three-dimensional mesh method described in Control Group 1 in repairing soil slopes. Compared to Control Group 1, vegetation coverage increased by 115.8% and soil loss decreased by 88.7% 30 days after completion. By 180 days after completion, vegetation coverage had increased by 88.2% and soil loss had decreased by 94.9%. This demonstrates that the ecological restoration method for soil slopes of the present invention can more quickly establish stable vegetation and significantly reduce soil and water loss.

[0165] Experimental Example 2: Ecological Restoration of Mine Soil Slopes

[0166] The mine soil slope is located in an abandoned quarry in Huangshi City, Hubei Province. The test area is 2850m 2 The slope is 58°, and the slope soil is mainly composed of silty clay and clay, containing a small amount of gravel, with a pH of 6.1.

[0167] The method described in Example 2 was used to repair the mine slope, and the net spraying method disclosed by Liu Anfu et al. in the literature (Liu Anfu, Zhang Xiulei, Qiao Xiongbiao, et al. Application of in-situ barrier technology in the treatment of legacy contaminated sites [J]. Energy Conservation in Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2021, 37(03): 51-55) was used as control group 2, and the geocell method disclosed by Gao Xiaohu et al. in the literature (Gao Xiaohu, Wang Long, Guan Changfu, et al. Experimental analysis of ecological slope reinforcement based on geocell and reinforcement [J]. Roadbed Engineering, 2022, (05): 112-116) was used as control group 3. On the 30th and 180th days after completion, the vegetation coverage rate was determined by the segmented sampling method (sample size: 1m×1m); the soil loss was determined by the runoff cell method (trapezoidal trough size: 1.5m×0.8m×0.3m). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0168] Rainfall was simulated on the 30th and 180th day after completion, with a rainfall intensity of 55 mm / h and a rainfall duration of 2 hours. After the rainfall, the methods disclosed in "GB / T 16453.1-2008 Technical Specification for Comprehensive Management of Soil and Water Conservation - Management Technology for Sloping Farmland" were used to measure the runoff sediment content, substrate retention rate, aqueduct drainage rate, and anchor displacement in each construction area. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0169] Table 2 Ecological restoration effect of mine slopes

[0170]

[0171] Note: Ecological restoration effect = (value of Example 2 - value of control group 2) ÷ value of control group 2.

[0172] Table 3 Effect of mine slopes against rainstorm erosion

[0173] Observation indicators Example 2 Control group 3 Range of change Runoff sediment content (g / L) 12.7±1.3 89.4±6.8 85.8% reduction Matrix retention rate (%) 95.3±2.1 66.4±5.7 Increased by 43.6% Aqueduct drainage rate (L / h) 172±15 —— —— Anchor displacement (mm) 3.2±0.8 28.5±3.2 88.8% reduction

[0174] The results show that the ecological restoration method described in Example 2 has a significantly better restoration effect on the soil slope of the mine than the net spraying method described in Control Group 2; after restoration by the ecological restoration method described in Example 2, compared with Control Group 2. On the 30th day after completion, the vegetation coverage rate of the soil slope of the mine increased by 146.9%, and the soil loss decreased by 88.4%; on the 180th day after completion, the vegetation coverage rate of the soil slope of the mine increased by 85.7%, and the soil loss decreased by 85.5%. After the slope was impacted by heavy rain, the sediment content of the runoff was reduced by 85.8% compared with Control Group 3, and the matrix retention rate reached 95.3%; the anchor rod displacement was only 3.2 mm, which was 88.8% lower than that of Control Group 3, combined with the water conduit drainage rate of 172 L / h. It shows that the ecological restoration method of the soil slope of the present invention can effectively overcome the site limitation of the 58° steep slope, promote the continuous growth of plants, and the structural stability is significantly better than conventional methods.

[0175] As can be seen from the above examples, the present invention provides an ecological protection system for soil slopes and its construction and application methods. This system can synergistically match the plant root development cycle, thereby increasing vegetation root density, vegetation coverage, and anchoring depth, reducing surface runoff and soil loss. It is suitable for ecological management of slopes along roads, railways, mines, and riverbanks.

[0176] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil slope ecological protection system, characterized in that: It includes surface vegetation system, middle protection layer and bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer; The surface vegetation system includes a degradable fiber net and a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation matrix includes plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a matrix layer; The matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of clay, 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 0.2-0.4 parts of water-retaining agent, and 1-3 parts of composite microbial agent (1); The intermediate protective layer includes an upper anti-scour layer and a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer; The upper anti-scour layer includes straw and polylactic acid, and the lower water-conducting reinforcement layer includes PLA geocells and lightweight foamed ceramsite; The bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer includes a water pipe, a plant root inducer, an anchor rod, and a composite matrix; The anchor rod comprises the following components by weight: 50-60 parts of polylactic acid and 40-50 parts of bamboo fiber; The composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-70 parts of peat soil, 3.5-4.5 parts of composite microbial agent (2), 0.1-1.5 parts of NAA rooting agent, and 25-35 parts of water.

2. The soil slope ecological protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The degradable fiber net includes one or more of a coconut fiber net, a polylactic acid fiber net and a straw fiber net; The weight of the degradable fiber web is 115 to 350 g / m 2 , the mesh size of the degradable fiber mesh is 2 to 5 cm; The plant seeds include herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds; The mass ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6-8:2-4; The herbaceous plant seeds include ryegrass and / or tall fescue; the shrub plant seeds include Amorpha fruticosa and / or Lespedeza bicolor; The amount of the plant seeds is 35-45 g / m 3 ; The slow-release fertilizer contains 20% to 30% nitrogen, 10% to 20% phosphorus, and 5% to 15% potassium. The clay is one or more of paddy soil, yellow loam and red loam; The water-retaining agent comprises one of polyacrylamide, hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate; The composite microbial agent (1) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-20 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 15-25 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

3. The ecological protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite microbial agent (1) comprises the following steps: (A) Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Brevibacillus laterosporus were mixed and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent A1; (B) Mixing bacterial agent A1 with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and letting it stand at room temperature for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent B1; (C) The bacterial agent B1 is mixed with photosynthetic bacteria and allowed to stand for 24 to 48 hours to obtain a composite microbial agent (1).

4. The ecological protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the upper anti-scour layer, the mass ratio of the straw to the polylactic acid is 1-3:2-4; The mesh size of the PLA geocell is 13 to 15 cm; The particle size of the lightweight foamed ceramsite is 1 to 3 cm, and the porosity of the lightweight foamed ceramsite is 65% to 75%.

5. The ecological protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, the diameter of the water-conducting pipe is 1 to 2 cm; The plant root inducer includes one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; the concentration of the plant root inducer is 350-450 mg / L; The length of the anchor rod is 2 to 4 m, and the diameter of the anchor rod is 20 to 30 mm; The pH of the composite matrix is ​​6.5 to 7.5; The composite microbial agent (2) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-65 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-15 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 15-25 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; The initial concentration of the NAA rooting agent is 300-500 mg / L.

6. The ecological protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite microbial agent (2) comprises the following steps: (a) mixing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and allowing them to stand for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent A2; (b) mixing Brevibacillus laterosporus and photosynthetic bacteria and allowing to stand for 24 to 48 hours to obtain bacterial agent B2; (c) Mix the bacterial agent A2 and the bacterial agent B2 to obtain a composite microbial agent (2).

7. Use of the ecological protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the ecological restoration of soil slopes.

8. A soil slope ecological restoration method, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Anchor rods are laid on the slope surface, grooves are opened on the surface of the anchor rods and filled with composite matrix, and water pipes pre-filled with plant root inducers are implanted into the slope surface to obtain a bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer; (2) laying PLA geocells on the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, filling the PLA geocells with lightweight foamed ceramsite to obtain a lower water-conducting reinforcement layer, and then covering the upper anti-scour layer to obtain an intermediate protective layer; (3) Plant seeds, slow-release fertilizers, and a substrate layer are mixed to obtain a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation matrix is ​​sprayed on the surface of the intermediate protective layer. 135 to 155 minutes after spraying, a degradable fiber mesh is embedded in the vegetation matrix to obtain a surface vegetation system; The bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, the middle protective layer and the surface vegetation system are the bottom water-conducting reinforcement layer, the middle protective layer and the surface vegetation system in the ecological protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. The soil slope ecological restoration method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anchor rods in step (1) are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, with a spacing of 1 to 1.5 m between the anchor rods and an angle between the anchor rods and the slope surface of the side slope of 10° to 20°; The depth of the groove in step (1) is 1 to 3 mm, the width of the groove is 3.5 to 4.5 mm, and the density of the grooves is 16 to 18; The implantation depth of the aqueduct in step (1) is 40 to 50 cm; The thickness of the upper anti-scour layer in step (2) is 2 to 4 cm.

10. The soil slope ecological restoration method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pressure of the spraying in step (3) is 0.4-1.3 MPa, and the spraying distance is ≥15 m; The embedding temperature in step (3) is 70-90°C, the embedding pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the embedding time is 45-55 s / m 2 The embedding depth is 1 to 3 cm.

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