Heat transfer capacity determination method and device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a heat transfer capacity determination method and device and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of thermal hydraulic calculation. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first heat transfer parameter of target metal equipment in a containment and a second heat transfer parameter of gas in the containment; calculating and generating a first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first convective heat transfer coefficient is a convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal equipment and the gas; the second convective heat transfer coefficient is a convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal equipment and the gas; and according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient, the first heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the gas is determined. According to the method, the error between the calculated heat transfer amount between the metal equipment and the surrounding gas and the actual heat transfer amount is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of thermal hydraulic calculation technology, and specifically relates to a method, device and electronic equipment for determining heat transfer. Background Art

[0002] The containment vessel is the last barrier in a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant to prevent the release of radioactive materials into the environment. It houses numerous metal components, including the pressure vessel, primary piping, steam generator, and pressurizer. Determining the heat transfer between the metal components and the surrounding gas within the containment vessel facilitates the design of an appropriate heat removal system, ensuring that the temperature and pressure within the containment vessel can be effectively controlled during accident conditions, thereby maintaining the containment's structural integrity and sealing.

[0003] In related technologies, the lumped parameter method is generally used to determine the heat transfer between metal equipment and the surrounding gas. However, the heat transfer determined by this method has a large error compared to the actual heat transfer.

[0004] Therefore, there is a large error between the calculated heat transfer between the metal equipment and the surrounding gas in the related technology and the actual heat transfer, which needs further optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a method, device and electronic device for determining heat transfer in response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. By using the heat transfer determination method, the error between the calculated heat transfer and the actual heat transfer between the metal equipment and the surrounding gas can be reduced.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining heat transfer, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device within the containment and a second heat transfer parameter of the gas within the containment; the first heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the target metal device; the second heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the gas;

[0008] A first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient are calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas; the second convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas;

[0009] A first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas is determined based on the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, calculating and generating the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter includes:

[0011] calculating a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient is a natural convection heat transfer coefficient between a vertical surface and the gas; the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient is a natural convection heat transfer coefficient between a horizontal surface and the gas;

[0012] calculating a forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the gas based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter;

[0013] The first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient are determined according to the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes: an average height of the target metal device and a first current temperature; the second heat transfer parameter includes the Rayleigh number of the gas, the first thermal conductivity, the Grashof number, and the second current temperature;

[0015] Calculating a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter includes:

[0016] inputting the Rayleigh number into a first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and determining a first natural convection Nusselt number between the vertical surface and the gas based on the first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm;

[0017] calculating a quotient between a first product and the average height to generate a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient; the first product being the product of the first natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity;

[0018] inputting the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the Rayleigh number, and the Grashof number into a second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and determining a second natural convection Nusselt number between the horizontal surface and the gas based on the second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm;

[0019] The quotient of the second product and the average height is calculated to generate a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient; the second product is the product of the second natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0020] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: a hydraulic diameter of a compartment in the containment where the target metal device is located; the second heat transfer parameter further includes: a Reynolds number and a Prandtl number of the gas;

[0021] Calculating the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the gas based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter, including:

[0022] inputting the average height, hydraulic diameter, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number into a third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and determining a forced convection Nusselt number between the target metal device and the gas based on the third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm;

[0023] The forced convection heat transfer coefficient is generated by calculating the quotient of the third product, which is the product of the forced convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity, and the hydraulic diameter.

[0024] In some embodiments of the first aspect, determining the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient comprises:

[0025] The larger value of the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is taken as the first convection heat transfer coefficient;

[0026] The larger value of the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is taken as the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0027] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: a first surface area of ​​the vertical surface not submerged by the liquid in the containment vessel, a second surface area of ​​the horizontal surface not submerged by the liquid, and a first surface radiation characteristic factor of the target metal device; the second heat transfer parameter further includes a second surface radiation characteristic factor of the gas;

[0028] Determining a first amount of heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient includes:

[0029] Inputting the first surface area, the second surface area, the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the first convective heat transfer coefficient, and the second convective heat transfer coefficient into a first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and calculating and generating the convective heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas based on the first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm;

[0030] Inputting the first surface radiation characteristic factor, the second surface radiation characteristic factor, the first current temperature, and the second current temperature into a second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and calculating and generating the radiation heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas based on the second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm;

[0031] The convective heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer are summed to generate a first heat transfer.

[0032] In some embodiments of the first aspect, after determining the first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas based on the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient, the further step further includes:

[0033] Determine the second heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment;

[0034] The first heat transfer and the second heat transfer are summed to generate a total heat transfer between the target metal device and the surrounding environment.

[0035] In some embodiments of the first aspect, determining the second heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment vessel includes:

[0036] Obtaining a third heat transfer parameter of the liquid; the third heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the liquid;

[0037] Calculate and generate a theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter; the theoretical heat transfer coefficient is the heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the liquid;

[0038] A second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid is calculated and generated according to the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0039] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes an average height of the target metal device; the third heat transfer parameter includes a second thermal conductivity of the liquid and a Nusselt number of the liquid;

[0040] The theoretical heat transfer coefficient is calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter, including:

[0041] Calculate the fourth product between the Nusselt number and the second thermal conductivity of the liquid;

[0042] The quotient between the fourth product and the average height is calculated to produce the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0043] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first heat transfer parameter further includes a total surface area of ​​the target metal device submerged in the liquid and a first current temperature of the target metal device; the third heat transfer parameter further includes a first mass of the liquid, a first specific heat capacity, and a third current temperature;

[0044] The second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid is calculated and generated according to the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient, including:

[0045] Inputting the first mass, the total surface area, and the first specific heat capacity into a preset limit value calculation algorithm, and calculating and generating a heat transfer coefficient limit value corresponding to the liquid based on the preset limit value calculation algorithm;

[0046] The smaller value between the theoretical heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient limit is selected as the actual heat transfer coefficient;

[0047] calculating a difference between the third current temperature and the first current temperature;

[0048] The product of the actual heat transfer coefficient, the total surface area, and the difference is calculated to generate the second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid.

[0049] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes a second specific heat capacity and a second mass of the target metal device;

[0050] After summing the first heat transfer and the second heat transfer to generate the total heat transfer between the target metal device and the surrounding environment, it also includes:

[0051] The second specific heat capacity, the second mass and the total heat transfer are input into a preset temperature calculation algorithm, and the temperature of the target metal device after heat transfer with the surrounding environment is calculated based on the preset temperature calculation algorithm.

[0052] Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a heat transfer determination device, comprising:

[0053] An acquisition module is used to acquire a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device in the containment and a second heat transfer parameter of the gas in the containment; the first heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to the heat transfer of the target metal device; the second heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to the heat transfer of the gas;

[0054] a calculation module, configured to calculate and generate a first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first convective heat transfer coefficient being the convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas; and the second convective heat transfer coefficient being the convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas;

[0055] The determination module is used to determine a first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0056] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the computing module is specifically configured to:

[0057] The first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient are calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface and the gas; the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface and the gas; the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal equipment and the gas is calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient are determined based on the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0058] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes: an average height of the target metal device and a first current temperature; the second heat transfer parameter includes the Rayleigh number of the gas, the first thermal conductivity, the Grashof number, and the second current temperature;

[0059] When the calculation module calculates the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter, it is specifically used to:

[0060] The Rayleigh number is input into a first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and the first natural convection Nusselt number between the vertical surface and the gas is determined based on the first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm; the quotient between the first product and the average height is calculated to generate a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient; the first product is the product between the first natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity; the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the Rayleigh number and the Grashof number are input into a second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and the second natural convection Nusselt number between the horizontal surface and the gas is determined based on the second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm; the quotient between the second product and the average height is calculated to generate a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient; the second product is the product between the second natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0061] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: a hydraulic diameter of a compartment in the containment where the target metal device is located; the second heat transfer parameter further includes: a Reynolds number and a Prandtl number of the gas;

[0062] When calculating the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the gas based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter, the calculation module is specifically used to:

[0063] The average height, hydraulic diameter, Reynolds number and Prandtl number are input into a third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and the forced convection Nusselt number between the target metal equipment and the gas is determined based on the third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm; the quotient between the third product and the hydraulic diameter is calculated to generate a forced convection heat transfer coefficient; the third product is the product of the forced convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0064] In some embodiments of the second aspect, when the calculation module determines the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient based on the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient, it is specifically configured to:

[0065] The larger value of the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is taken as the first convection heat transfer coefficient; the larger value of the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is taken as the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0066] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: a first surface area of ​​the vertical surface not submerged by the liquid in the containment vessel, a second surface area of ​​the horizontal surface not submerged by the liquid, and a first surface radiation characteristic factor of the target metal device; the second heat transfer parameter further includes a second surface radiation characteristic factor of the gas;

[0067] Determine the module specifically for:

[0068] The first surface area, the second surface area, the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient are input into a first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and the convective heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the gas is calculated based on the first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm; the first surface radiation characteristic factor, the second surface radiation characteristic factor, the first current temperature and the second current temperature are input into a second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and the radiation heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the gas is calculated based on the second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm; the convective heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer are summed to generate a first heat transfer.

[0069] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the apparatus further comprises:

[0070] The generation module is used to determine the second heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment; and sum the first heat transfer and the second heat transfer to generate the total heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the surrounding environment.

[0071] In some embodiments of the second aspect, when determining the second heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment vessel, the generation module is specifically configured to:

[0072] Obtain a third heat transfer parameter of the liquid; the third heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the liquid; calculate and generate a theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter; the theoretical heat transfer coefficient is the heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the liquid; calculate and generate a second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid based on the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0073] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes an average height of the target metal device; the third heat transfer parameter includes a second thermal conductivity of the liquid and a Nusselt number of the liquid;

[0074] When the generation module calculates and generates the theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter, it is specifically used to:

[0075] The fourth product between the Nusselt number and the second thermal conductivity of the liquid is calculated; the quotient between the fourth product and the average height is calculated to generate the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0076] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes a total surface area of ​​the target metal device submerged in the liquid and a first current temperature of the target metal device; the third heat transfer parameter further includes a first mass of the liquid, a first specific heat capacity, and a third current temperature;

[0077] When the generation module calculates and generates the second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid based on the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient, it is specifically used to:

[0078] The first mass, total surface area, and first specific heat capacity are input into a preset limit calculation algorithm, and a heat transfer coefficient limit corresponding to the liquid is calculated based on the preset limit calculation algorithm; the smaller value between the theoretical heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient limit is selected as the actual heat transfer coefficient; the difference between the third current temperature and the first current temperature is calculated; the product of the actual heat transfer coefficient, the total surface area, and the difference is calculated to generate a second heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the liquid.

[0079] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the first heat transfer parameter includes a second specific heat capacity and a second mass of the target metal device;

[0080] The device also includes:

[0081] The temperature calculation module is used to input the second specific heat capacity, the second mass and the total heat transfer into a preset temperature calculation algorithm, and calculate and generate the temperature of the target metal equipment after heat transfer with the surrounding environment based on the preset temperature calculation algorithm.

[0082] Based on the same inventive concept, in a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0083] memory and processor;

[0084] Memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0085] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the heat transfer amount determination method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0086] According to the heat transfer determination method, device, and electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application, the first heat transfer parameter of the target metal device in the containment and the second heat transfer parameter of the gas in the containment are obtained, and the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient are calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter. At the same time, the first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas is determined based on the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convective heat transfer coefficient, and the second convective heat transfer coefficient. Since the first convective heat transfer coefficient is related to the vertical surface of the target metal device and the second convective heat transfer coefficient is related to the horizontal surface of the target metal device, the heat transfer conditions between the vertical surface and the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas are taken into account when determining the first heat transfer amount, so that the determined first heat transfer amount is closer to the actual heat transfer amount, thereby reducing the error between the calculated heat transfer amount and the actual heat transfer amount between the metal device and the surrounding gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart showing a method for determining heat transfer provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0088] Figure 2 Another flow chart of the method for determining the heat transfer amount provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0089] Figure 3 Another flow chart of the method for determining the heat transfer amount provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0090] Figure 4 An environmental schematic diagram showing a metal device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0091] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a heat transfer amount determination device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0092] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0093] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present application and are not configured to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating the examples of the present application.

[0094] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0095] The heat transfer determination methods in related technologies, such as the lumped parameter method, have large errors between the heat transfer determined and the actual heat transfer. Therefore, further optimization is needed.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] The heat transfer determination method provided in the embodiments of this application is applicable to heat transfer determination processes in various application scenarios, such as nuclear power plant scenarios. This heat transfer determination method can be performed by a heat transfer determination device and electronic devices. The following description uses the heat transfer determination method performed by an electronic device as an example.

[0098] like Figure 1 As shown, the heat transfer amount determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application may include steps S101 to S103.

[0099] S101. Obtain a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device within a containment vessel and a second heat transfer parameter of the gas within the containment vessel. The first heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating heat transfer of the target metal device, and the second heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating heat transfer of the gas.

[0100] For example, there may be one or more target metal devices within the containment vessel, each of which is a metal device for which the heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas needs to be determined. For each metal device for which the heat transfer needs to be determined, a first heat transfer parameter of the metal device may be obtained.

[0101] For example, the target metal equipment may be distributed in different or the same compartments within the containment vessel. The target metal equipment may be pressure vessels, primary circuit piping, steam generators, pressurizers, and other equipment.

[0102] Exemplarily, the first heat transfer parameter is related to the calculation of the heat transfer of the target metal device, including the geometric properties of the target metal device such as volume, surface area, height, etc., the heat transfer properties of the target metal device such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, temperature, etc., and the hydraulic diameter of the compartment where the target metal device is located.

[0103] Exemplarily, the second heat transfer parameter is related to the calculation of gas heat transfer, including the heat transfer properties of the gas such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, temperature, etc., the physical properties of the gas such as Prandtl number, dynamic viscosity, etc., and the flow characteristic parameters of the gas such as Grashof number and Reynolds number, etc.

[0104] Exemplarily, the first heat transfer parameter of the target metal equipment and the second heat transfer parameter of the gas in the containment can be obtained through a thermal hydraulic analysis program, through manual input, or through acquisition equipment.

[0105] S102. Calculate and generate a first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter. The first convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas. The second convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas.

[0106] For example, there are many types of vertical surfaces of the target metal equipment. According to the actual surface conditions of the metal equipment, the vertical surfaces include vertical surfaces perpendicular to the horizontal surface (vertical surfaces), vertical surfaces at a certain angle to the vertical surface (surfaces with an inclined angle), etc. The range of the angle can be set according to the actual application, for example, the angle can be less than 45°, less than 60°, etc.

[0107] The vertical surface may be a rectangular, arc-shaped surface, etc., and is generally located between the bottom and top of the target metal device.

[0108] For example, there are many types of horizontal surfaces. According to the actual surface conditions of metal equipment, the horizontal surface includes a horizontal plane parallel to the horizontal plane (a purely horizontal surface) and a horizontal plane at a certain angle to the horizontal plane (a horizontal plane at a certain inclination angle). The range of the angle can be set according to actual applications. For example, the angle can be less than 20°, less than 15°, etc.

[0109] The horizontal surface can be a rectangular, arc-shaped surface, etc., and is generally located at the bottom and top of the target metal device.

[0110] Illustratively, the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient are generally different, the first convective heat transfer coefficient corresponds to a vertical surface of the target metal device, and the second convective heat transfer coefficient corresponds to a horizontal surface of the target metal device.

[0111] For example, the first and second convective heat transfer coefficients can be calculated by, based on the first and second heat transfer parameters, calculating a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient corresponding to a vertical surface, a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient corresponding to a horizontal surface, and a forced convection heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the target metal device. The first and second convective heat transfer coefficients are then determined based on the first, second, and forced convection heat transfer coefficients.

[0112] S103: Determine a first heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0113] For example, the heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas is generally convective. The first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas can be calculated by combining the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient, as well as the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter.

[0114] For example, the first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas can be determined based on the simulated first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient, or the first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas can be determined based on the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient in the actual environment.

[0115] According to the heat transfer determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application, by obtaining the first heat transfer parameter of the target metal device in the containment and the second heat transfer parameter of the gas in the containment, the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient are calculated and generated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter. At the same time, the first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas is determined based on the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient. Since the first convective heat transfer coefficient is related to the vertical surface of the target metal device and the second convective heat transfer coefficient is related to the horizontal surface of the target metal device, the heat transfer conditions between the vertical surface and the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas are taken into account when determining the first heat transfer amount, so that the determined first heat transfer amount is closer to the actual heat transfer amount, thereby reducing the error between the calculated heat transfer amount and the actual heat transfer amount between the metal device and the surrounding gas.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] like Figure 2 As shown, the heat transfer determination method provided in this embodiment of the present application is further described based on the heat transfer determination method provided in Example 1 of the present application, and may include steps S201 to S207. Steps S202 to S204 can be replaced with step S102 in Example 1. This embodiment is not limited to this.

[0118] S201. Obtain a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device in a containment vessel and a second heat transfer parameter of a gas in the containment vessel.

[0119] In this embodiment, the implementation of S201 is similar to the implementation of S101 in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] S202. Calculate a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter. The first natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface and the gas. The second natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface and the gas.

[0121] For example, the first and second natural convection heat transfer coefficients can be calculated using the first heat transfer parameter, such as the average height and current temperature of the target metal device, and the second heat transfer parameter, such as the Rayleigh number and thermal conductivity of the gas. The average height refers to the average height of the target metal device as a whole used to calculate the data. For example, if the target metal device is divided into several sections, the average height is the average of the heights of the sections.

[0122] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter includes an average height of the target metal device and a first current temperature of the target metal device. The second heat transfer parameter includes a Rayleigh number of the gas, a first thermal conductivity of the gas, a Grashof number of the gas, and a second current temperature of the gas.

[0123] Step S202 may be specifically as follows:

[0124] The Rayleigh number is input into a first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and a first natural convection Nusselt number between the vertical surface and the gas is determined based on the first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm.

[0125] The quotient between the first product and the average height is calculated to generate a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient. The first product is the product of the first natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0126] The first current temperature, the second current temperature, the Rayleigh number, and the Grashof number are input into a second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and a second natural convection Nusselt number between the horizontal surface and the gas is determined based on the second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm.

[0127] The quotient of the second product and the average height is calculated to generate the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient. The second product is the product of the second natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0128] By respectively calculating the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, a basis can be provided for subsequent calculations of the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0129] Exemplarily, the first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm is as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, Nu conv_natural_g_ver is the first natural convection Nusselt number between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas, Ra g is the Rayleigh number of the gas.

[0132] For example, the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient can be calculated using the following algorithm:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, h conv_natural_g_ver is the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, k g is the first thermal conductivity of the gas, H is the average height of the target metal device, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those of the above parameters.

[0135] Exemplarily, the second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm is as follows:

[0136]

[0137] Among them, Nu conv_natural_g_hor is the second natural convection Nusselt number between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas, T m is the first current temperature of the target metal device, T g is the second current temperature of the gas, Gr g is the Grashof number of the gas, and the other parameters are the same as the above parameters.

[0138] For example, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient can be calculated using the following algorithm:

[0139]

[0140] Among them, h conv_natural_g_hor is the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0141] S203 , calculating the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal equipment and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter.

[0142] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: the hydraulic diameter of the compartment in the containment where the target metal device is located. The second heat transfer parameter further includes: the Reynolds number of the gas and the Prandtl number of the gas.

[0143] Step S203 may be specifically as follows:

[0144] The average height, hydraulic diameter, Reynolds number and Prandtl number are input into a third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and the forced convection Nusselt number between the target metal device and the gas is determined based on the third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm.

[0145] The forced convection heat transfer coefficient is generated by calculating the quotient between the third product and the hydraulic diameter. The third product is the product of the forced convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0146] For example, the hydraulic diameter is an equivalent diameter used to describe the flow characteristics of fluids in non-circular cross-section pipes or channels, so that the flow analysis of these complex shapes can refer to the calculation methods of circular pipes.

[0147] Exemplarily, the third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm is as follows:

[0148]

[0149] When 2000≤Re g When ≤6000, the forced convection Nusselt number Nu is calculated using the interpolation method. conv_forced_g :

[0150] Nu conv_forced_g =exp(alnRe g +b)

[0151]

[0152] b=Nu 2000 -alg2000

[0153]

[0154] Nu 6000 =lg(0.23×6000 0.8 Pr g 0.3 )

[0155] Among them, Re g is the Reynolds number of the gas, Pr g is the Prandtl number of the gas, D is the hydraulic diameter, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0156] For example, the forced convection heat transfer coefficient can be calculated by the following algorithm:

[0157]

[0158] Among them, h conv_forced_g is the forced convection heat transfer coefficient, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0159] S204. Determine a first convection heat transfer coefficient and a second convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0160] Illustratively, the first convection heat transfer coefficient is related to the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient is related to the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0161] In some implementations, step S204 may be specifically as follows:

[0162] The larger value of the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is taken as the first convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0163] The larger value of the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is taken as the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0164] By taking the larger value of the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient as the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and taking the larger value of the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient as the second convection heat transfer coefficient, the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient can cover the extreme cases of different working conditions, ensuring that the heat transfer requirements can still be met under the most unfavorable conditions.

[0165] S205: Determine a first heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0166] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: a first surface area of ​​the vertical surface not submerged by the liquid in the containment vessel, a second surface area of ​​the horizontal surface not submerged by the liquid, and a first surface radiation characteristic factor of the target metal device. The second heat transfer parameter further includes a second surface radiation characteristic factor of the gas.

[0167] Step S205 may be specifically as follows:

[0168] The first surface area, the second surface area, the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient are input into a first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and the convective heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the gas is calculated based on the first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm.

[0169] The first surface radiation characteristic factor, the second surface radiation characteristic factor, the first current temperature and the second current temperature are input into a second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and the radiation heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the gas is calculated based on the second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm.

[0170] The convective heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer are summed to generate a first heat transfer.

[0171] For example, the liquid may be water, other types of liquids in practical applications, etc.

[0172] Exemplarily, the vertical surface of the target metal device may be completely submerged by the liquid, partially submerged by the liquid, or not submerged by the liquid. When completely submerged by the liquid, the first surface area is zero, and when not submerged by the liquid, the first surface area is the same as the surface area of ​​the vertical surface of the metal.

[0173] Exemplarily, the horizontal surface of the target metal device may be completely submerged in the liquid, partially submerged in the liquid, or not submerged in the liquid. When completely submerged in the liquid, the second surface area is zero, and when not submerged in the liquid, the second surface area is the same as the surface area of ​​the horizontal surface of the metal.

[0174] Exemplarily, the first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm is as follows:

[0175] q g_conv =h g_conv_ver (T g -T m )A ver +h g_conv_hor (T g -T m )A hor

[0176] Among them, q g_conv is the convective heat transfer, h g_conv_ver is the first convection heat transfer coefficient, h g_conv_hor is the second convection heat transfer coefficient, A ver is the first surface area, A hor is the second surface area, and the other parameters have the same meanings as the above parameters.

[0177] Exemplarily, the second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm is as follows:

[0178]

[0179] Among them, q g_rad is the radiation heat transfer, E m is the first surface radiation characteristic factor, E g is the second surface radiation characteristic factor, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as the above parameters.

[0180] S206. Determine a second heat transfer amount between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment vessel.

[0181] The surrounding environment of the target metal equipment generally includes a gas environment and a liquid environment (such as a water pool). Determining the second heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment can provide a basis for determining the total heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the surrounding environment.

[0182] In some implementations, step S206 may be specifically as follows:

[0183] Obtain a third heat transfer parameter of the liquid. The third heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the liquid.

[0184] A theoretical heat transfer coefficient is calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter. The theoretical heat transfer coefficient is the heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the liquid.

[0185] A second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid is calculated and generated according to the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0186] For example, the theoretical heat transfer coefficient refers to a calculated heat transfer coefficient between a target metal device and a liquid.

[0187] Exemplarily, the third heat transfer parameter includes heat transfer properties of the liquid such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, temperature, etc., physical properties of the liquid such as Prandtl number, dynamic viscosity, etc., and flow characteristic parameters of the liquid such as Grashof number and Reynolds number, etc.

[0188] In some embodiments, the third heat transfer parameter includes a second thermal conductivity of the liquid and a Nusselt number of the liquid.

[0189] The process of calculating and generating the theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter can be specifically as follows:

[0190] Calculate the fourth product between the Nusselt number and the second thermal conductivity of the liquid.

[0191] The quotient between the fourth product and the average height is calculated to produce the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0192] Calculating the theoretical heat transfer coefficient can provide a basis for determining the second heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment.

[0193] For example, the theoretical heat transfer coefficient can also be calculated based on the following algorithm:

[0194]

[0195] Among them, h w is the theoretical heat transfer coefficient, Nu wis the Nusselt number of the liquid, k w is the second thermal conductivity, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those of the above parameters.

[0196] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes the total surface area of ​​the target metal device submerged in the liquid and the first current temperature of the target metal device. The third heat transfer parameter further includes the first mass of the liquid, the first specific heat capacity of the liquid, and the third current temperature of the liquid.

[0197] The specific process of calculating and generating the second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid based on the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient is as follows:

[0198] The first mass, the total surface area, and the first specific heat capacity are input into a preset limit value calculation algorithm, and a heat transfer coefficient limit value corresponding to the liquid is calculated and generated based on the preset limit value calculation algorithm.

[0199] The smaller value between the theoretical heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient limit is selected as the actual heat transfer coefficient.

[0200] A difference between the third current temperature and the first current temperature is calculated.

[0201] The product of the actual heat transfer coefficient, the total surface area, and the difference is calculated to generate the second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid.

[0202] By setting limits on the heat transfer coefficient, you can avoid numerical instabilities and balance the temperature values ​​of liquids, such as water, and metal devices within the same time step. Examples of numerical instabilities include a water pool initially at a lower temperature than the metal device, but then reaching a higher temperature after heat transfer, or a water pool initially at a higher temperature than the metal device, but then reaching a lower temperature after heat transfer.

[0203] Exemplarily, the preset limit calculation algorithm is as follows:

[0204]

[0205] Among them, h w_lim is the heat transfer coefficient limit, M w is the first mass of the liquid, c w is the first specific heat capacity of the liquid, A w is the total surface area and Δt is the time step.

[0206] Exemplarily, the second heat transfer value may be calculated by the following algorithm:

[0207] q w =min(h w_lim ,h w )(T w -T m )Aw

[0208] Among them, q w is the second heat transfer, T w The third current temperature, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as the above parameters.

[0209] S207 , summing the first heat transfer amount and the second heat transfer amount to generate a total heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the surrounding environment.

[0210] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes a second specific heat capacity of the target metal device and a second mass of the target metal device.

[0211] After S207, the temperature calculation process after heat transfer is also included, as follows:

[0212] The second specific heat capacity, the second mass and the total heat transfer of the target metal device are input into a preset temperature calculation algorithm, and the temperature of the target metal device after heat transfer with the surrounding environment is calculated based on the preset temperature calculation algorithm.

[0213] Exemplarily, the preset temperature calculation algorithm is as follows:

[0214]

[0215] Among them, T m1 is the temperature after the time step heat transfer, q is the total heat transfer, M m is the second mass, c m is the second specific heat capacity, is the temperature at the beginning of the heat transfer time step, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0216] The heat transfer determination method of this embodiment considers vertical and horizontal surfaces separately when calculating convective heat transfer between metal equipment and gas, resulting in more accurate convective heat transfer. Furthermore, when calculating heat transfer between metal equipment and liquids such as water, heat transfer coefficient limits are set to avoid numerical instability. Furthermore, the heat transfer determination device can be integrated as a separate module with various thermal-hydraulic analysis programs, improving its applicability.

[0217] In order to better understand the heat transfer determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application, a specific application implementation method is described below.

[0218] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific process is as follows:

[0219] Step S301, define the geometric dimensions and physical properties of the metal equipment: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the environment of a metal device, where the surrounding environment of the metal device (represented by a rectangle in the figure) is composed of gas (represented by white fill) and water (one of the aforementioned liquids, represented by gray fill). The metal device is partially submerged in the figure. As shown in the figure, the horizontal area not submerged in water is the surface area of ​​the upper horizontal surface of the metal device, the vertical area not submerged in water is the surface area of ​​the dashed portion of the metal device rectangle, and the submerged area is the surface area covered by the gray area within the metal device rectangle.

[0220] The volume of the metal equipment is V, the average height is H, and the first vertical surface area not submerged in water is A. ver , the second horizontal surface area A that is not submerged in water hor , the total surface area flooded by water is A w The hydraulic diameter of the compartment is D, and the thermal conductivity of the metal equipment material is k m , density ρ m , the second specific heat capacity c m and the first surface radiation characteristic factor E m .

[0221] Step 302: Initialize the temperature of the metal device to T m0 .

[0222] Step 303: Calculate the first heat transfer q between the metal device and the gas g .

[0223] Step 303-1: Calculate the convective heat transfer q between the metal equipment and the gas g_conv .

[0224] 1) Calculate the Prandtl number Pr of the gas g , Grashof number Gr g and Reynolds number Re g

[0225]

[0226] Among them, c p_g is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the gas, μ g is the dynamic viscosity of the gas, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0227]

[0228] Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, ρ g is the density of the gas, υ g is the kinematic viscosity of the gas, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0229]

[0230] Ra g =Gr g ·Pr g

[0231] Among them, v g is the velocity of the gas, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0232] 2) Calculate the heat transfer coefficient of natural convection heat transfer

[0233] For vertical surfaces, the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient is h conv_natural_g_ver :

[0234] For horizontal surfaces, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient is h conv_natural_g_hor The calculation method can refer to the calculation method in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0235] 3) Calculate the forced convection heat transfer coefficient h conv_forced_g The calculation method can refer to the calculation method in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0236] 4) Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient

[0237] For vertical surfaces, the first convection heat transfer coefficient is given by:

[0238] h g_conv_ver =max(h conv_natural_g_ver ,h conv_forced_g )

[0239] For horizontal surfaces, the second convection heat transfer coefficient is given by:

[0240] h g_conv_hor =max(h conv_natural_g_hor ,h conv_forced_g )

[0241] 5) Calculate the convective heat transfer q between the metal equipment and the gas g_conv The calculation method can refer to the calculation method in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0242] Step S303-2: Calculate the radiation heat transfer q between the metal equipment and the gas g_rad The calculation method can refer to the calculation method in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0243] Step S303-3: Calculate the first heat transfer value q between the metal device and the gas g

[0244] q g =q g_conv +q g_rad

[0245] In the above formula, the velocity of the gas v g , physical properties including density ρ g , the first thermal conductivity k g Specific heat capacity at constant pressure c p_g , dynamic viscosity μ g and kinematic viscosity υ g The above parameters can be calculated through thermal hydraulic analysis program, or obtained through manual input or acquisition from data collection equipment.

[0246] Step S304: Calculate the second heat transfer value q between the metal equipment and the water pool w (The liquid is water).

[0247]

[0248] Among them, Pr w is the Prandtl number of water, c p_w is the specific heat capacity of water at constant pressure, μ w is the dynamic viscosity of water, k w is the second thermal conductivity of water.

[0249]

[0250] Among them, Gr w is the Grashof number of water, ρ w is the density of water, and the meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0251] Ra w =Gr w ·Pr w

[0252] Among them, Ra w is the Rayleigh number of water.

[0253]

[0254] Among them, Nu w is the Nusselt number of water in the pool.

[0255] Step S304-1: Calculate the theoretical heat transfer coefficient h between the metal equipment and the water pool w The calculation method can refer to the calculation method in Example 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0256] Step 4-2: Calculate the heat transfer coefficient limit h w_lim , you can refer to the calculation method in Example 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0257] If the predicted heat transfer coefficient results in a water pool initially at a lower temperature than the metal device but later at a higher temperature than the metal device, or vice versa, a water pool initially at a higher temperature than the metal device but later at a lower temperature than the metal device, numerical instability will occur. In such cases, the actual heat transfer coefficient should be constrained to balance the temperatures of the water pool and the metal device within the same time step.

[0258] Step S304-3: Calculate the second heat transfer value q between the metal equipment and the water pool w , you can refer to the calculation method in Example 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0259] The physical properties of the water pool in the above formula include density ρ w , the second thermal conductivity k w Specific heat capacity at constant pressure c p_w and dynamic viscosity μ w They can all be calculated through thermal hydraulic analysis programs, or obtained through manual input or acquisition from collection equipment.

[0260] Step 305: Calculate the temperature of the metal device.

[0261] Metal equipment typically has a smaller ratio of conductive thermal resistance to convective thermal resistance, meaning its Biot number is smaller. Therefore, the temperature change rate of metal equipment can be calculated using the lumped parameter method:

[0262]

[0263] Where q is the net heat transfer rate of the metal equipment (i.e. the total heat transfer), M m is the second mass of the metal equipment, T m1 is the temperature of the metal equipment after heat transfer in the time step. The meanings of other parameters are the same as those mentioned above.

[0264] M m =ρ m V

[0265] q=q g +q w

[0266] Transform it to get:

[0267]

[0268] Right now:

[0269]

[0270] in, The temperature of the metal equipment at the time step of heat transfer. If it is the first calculation, it is T m0 , otherwise the temperature at the end of the previous time step

[0271] By solving the above equation, the temperature of the metal equipment is obtained.

[0272] Example 3

[0273] like Figure 5 As shown, the heat transfer determination device 400 provided in the embodiment of the present application may include:

[0274] Acquisition module 401 is used to obtain a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device within the containment and a second heat transfer parameter of the gas within the containment. The first heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the target metal device. The second heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the gas.

[0275] Calculation module 402 is configured to calculate and generate a first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter. The first convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas. The second convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas.

[0276] The determination module 403 is configured to determine a first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0277] In some implementations, the calculation module 402 is specifically configured to:

[0278] A first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient are calculated based on the first and second heat transfer parameters. The first natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between a vertical surface and the gas. The second natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between a horizontal surface and the gas. A forced convection heat transfer coefficient is calculated between the target metal device and the gas based on the first and second heat transfer parameters. The first and second convection heat transfer coefficients are determined based on the first and second natural convection heat transfer coefficients and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0279] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter includes an average height of the target metal device and a first current temperature, and the second heat transfer parameter includes a Rayleigh number of the gas, a first thermal conductivity, a Grashof number, and a second current temperature.

[0280] When the calculation module 402 calculates the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter, it is specifically used to:

[0281] The Rayleigh number is input into a first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and a first natural convection Nusselt number between the vertical surface and the gas is determined based on the first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm. The quotient between the first product and the average height is calculated to generate a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient. The first product is the product of the first natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity. The first current temperature, the second current temperature, the Rayleigh number, and the Grashof number are input into a second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and a second natural convection Nusselt number between the horizontal surface and the gas is determined based on the second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm. The quotient between the second product and the average height is calculated to generate a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient. The second product is the product of the second natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0282] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: the hydraulic diameter of the compartment in the containment where the target metal device is located. The second heat transfer parameter further includes: the Reynolds number and the Prandtl number of the gas.

[0283] When calculating the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the gas based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter, the calculation module 402 is specifically configured to:

[0284] The average height, hydraulic diameter, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number are input into a third predetermined Nusselt number determination algorithm. The forced convection Nusselt number between the target metal device and the gas is determined based on the third predetermined Nusselt number determination algorithm. The quotient of the third product and the hydraulic diameter is calculated to generate a forced convection heat transfer coefficient. The third product is the product of the forced convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

[0285] In some embodiments, when the calculation module 402 determines the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient based on the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient, it is specifically configured to:

[0286] The larger value of the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is used as the first convection heat transfer coefficient. The larger value of the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is used as the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

[0287] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes: a first surface area of ​​the vertical surface not submerged by the liquid in the containment vessel, a second surface area of ​​the horizontal surface not submerged by the liquid, and a first surface radiation characteristic factor of the target metal device. The second heat transfer parameter further includes a second surface radiation characteristic factor of the gas.

[0288] The determination module 403 is specifically configured to:

[0289] The first surface area, the second surface area, the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the first convective heat transfer coefficient, and the second convective heat transfer coefficient are input into a first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm. Based on the first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, a convective heat transfer value between the target metal device and the gas is calculated. The first surface radiation characteristic factor, the second surface radiation characteristic factor, the first current temperature, and the second current temperature are input into a second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm. Based on the second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, a radiative heat transfer value between the target metal device and the gas is calculated. The convective heat transfer value and the radiative heat transfer value are summed to generate a first heat transfer value.

[0290] In some embodiments, the heat transfer determining device 400 further includes:

[0291] The generating module is configured to determine a second heat transfer between the target metal device and the liquid in the containment vessel, and to sum the first heat transfer and the second heat transfer to generate a total heat transfer between the target metal device and the surrounding environment.

[0292] In some embodiments, when determining the second heat transfer value between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment vessel, the generation module is specifically configured to:

[0293] Obtain a third heat transfer parameter of the liquid. The third heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the liquid. Calculate and generate a theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first and third heat transfer parameters. The theoretical heat transfer coefficient is the heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the liquid. Calculate and generate a second heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the liquid based on the first, third, and theoretical heat transfer coefficients.

[0294] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter includes an average height of the target metal device.The third heat transfer parameter includes a second thermal conductivity of the liquid and a Nusselt number of the liquid.

[0295] When the generation module calculates and generates the theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter, it is specifically used to:

[0296] Calculate the fourth product between the Nusselt number and the second thermal conductivity of the liquid. Calculate the quotient between the fourth product and the average height to generate the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

[0297] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter further includes the total surface area of ​​the target metal device submerged in the liquid and the first current temperature of the target metal device. The third heat transfer parameter further includes the first mass of the liquid, the first specific heat capacity, and the third current temperature.

[0298] When the generation module calculates and generates the second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid based on the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient, it is specifically used to:

[0299] The first mass, total surface area, and first specific heat capacity are input into a preset limit calculation algorithm. Based on the preset limit calculation algorithm, a heat transfer coefficient limit corresponding to the liquid is calculated. The smaller of the theoretical heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient limit is selected as the actual heat transfer coefficient. The difference between the third current temperature and the first current temperature is calculated. The product of the actual heat transfer coefficient, the total surface area, and the difference is calculated to generate a second heat transfer value between the target metal device and the liquid.

[0300] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer parameter includes a second specific heat capacity of the target metal device and a second mass of the target metal device.

[0301] The heat transfer determination device 400 further includes:

[0302] The temperature calculation module is used to input the second specific heat capacity of the target metal device, the second mass of the target metal device and the total heat transfer into a preset temperature calculation algorithm, and calculate and generate the temperature of the target metal device after heat transfer with the surrounding environment based on the preset temperature calculation algorithm.

[0303] The heat transfer determination device provided in the embodiment of the present application has the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the heat transfer determination methods provided in Examples 1 and 2 of the present application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the heat transfer determination method in the above Examples 1 and 2, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0304] Example 4

[0305] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0306] Memory and processor.

[0307] Memory stores computer-executable instructions.

[0308] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the heat transfer amount determination method of Example 1 and Example 2.

[0309] The electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application has the heat transfer determination method of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the heat transfer determination method in the above embodiments 1 and embodiment 2, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0310] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and substance of the present application, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for determining heat transfer, characterized in that: include: obtaining a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device in the containment vessel and a second heat transfer parameter of the gas in the containment vessel; The first heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to the calculation of the heat transfer of the target metal equipment; the second heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to the calculation of the heat transfer of the gas; A first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient are calculated based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas; the second convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas; A first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas is determined according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating and generating the first convective heat transfer coefficient and the second convective heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter includes: Calculating a first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and a second natural convection heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface and the gas; the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient is the natural convection heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface and the gas; Calculating a forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the gas based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; The first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient are determined according to the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first heat transfer parameter includes: an average height of the target metal device and a first current temperature; the second heat transfer parameter includes the Rayleigh number, the first thermal conductivity, the Grashof number and the second current temperature of the gas; Calculating the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter includes: inputting the Rayleigh number into a first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and determining a first natural convection Nusselt number between the vertical surface and the gas based on the first preset Nusselt number determination algorithm; calculating a quotient between a first product and the average height to generate the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient; the first product is the product of the first natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity; inputting the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the Rayleigh number, and the Grashof number into a second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and determining a second natural convection Nusselt number between the horizontal surface and the gas based on the second preset Nusselt number determination algorithm; The quotient between a second product and the average height is calculated to generate the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient; the second product is the product of the second natural convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The first heat transfer parameter further includes: the hydraulic diameter of the compartment in the containment where the target metal equipment is located; the second heat transfer parameter further includes: the Reynolds number and Prandtl number of the gas; Calculating the forced convection heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter includes: inputting the average height, the hydraulic diameter, the Reynolds number, and the Prandtl number into a third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm, and determining a forced convection Nusselt number between the target metal device and the gas based on the third preset Nusselt number determination algorithm; The quotient between a third product and the hydraulic diameter is calculated to generate the forced convection heat transfer coefficient; the third product is the product of the forced convection Nusselt number and the first thermal conductivity.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The determining the first convection heat transfer coefficient and the second convection heat transfer coefficient according to the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient, the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient includes: The larger value of the first natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is used as the first convection heat transfer coefficient; The larger value of the second natural convection heat transfer coefficient and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is used as the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The first heat transfer parameter further includes: a first surface area of ​​the vertical surface not submerged by the liquid in the containment vessel, a second surface area of ​​the horizontal surface not submerged by the liquid, and a first surface radiation characteristic factor of the target metal device; the second heat transfer parameter further includes a second surface radiation characteristic factor of the gas; The determining of a first amount of heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient includes: inputting the first surface area, the second surface area, the first current temperature, the second current temperature, the first convective heat transfer coefficient, and the second convective heat transfer coefficient into a first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and calculating and generating the convective heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas based on the first preset heat transfer calculation algorithm; Inputting the first surface radiation characteristic factor, the second surface radiation characteristic factor, the first current temperature, and the second current temperature into a second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm, and calculating and generating the radiation heat transfer between the target metal device and the gas based on the second preset heat transfer calculation algorithm; The convective heat transfer amount and the radiative heat transfer amount are summed to generate the first heat transfer amount.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After determining the first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient, the method further includes: determining a second heat transfer value between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment vessel; The first heat transfer amount and the second heat transfer amount are summed to generate a total heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the surrounding environment.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Determining the second heat transfer between the target metal equipment and the liquid in the containment vessel includes: Obtaining a third heat transfer parameter of the liquid; the third heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the liquid; Calculate and generate a theoretical heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter; the theoretical heat transfer coefficient is the heat transfer coefficient between the target metal device and the liquid; A second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid is calculated and generated according to the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The first heat transfer parameter includes an average height of the target metal device; the third heat transfer parameter includes a second thermal conductivity of the liquid and a Nusselt number of the liquid; The calculating and generating a theoretical heat transfer coefficient according to the first heat transfer parameter and the third heat transfer parameter includes: calculating a fourth product between the Nusselt number of the liquid and the second thermal conductivity; The quotient between the fourth product and the average height is calculated to generate the theoretical heat transfer coefficient.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The first heat transfer parameter further includes the total surface area of ​​the target metal device submerged in the liquid and the first current temperature of the target metal device; the third heat transfer parameter further includes the first mass, the first specific heat capacity and the third current temperature of the liquid; The calculating and generating a second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid according to the first heat transfer parameter, the third heat transfer parameter, and the theoretical heat transfer coefficient includes: Inputting the first mass, the total surface area, and the first specific heat capacity into a preset limit value calculation algorithm, and calculating and generating a heat transfer coefficient limit value corresponding to the liquid based on the preset limit value calculation algorithm; Selecting the smaller value between the theoretical heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient limit as the actual heat transfer coefficient; calculating a difference between the third current temperature and the first current temperature; The product of the actual heat transfer coefficient, the total surface area, and the difference is calculated to generate a second heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the liquid.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The first heat transfer parameter includes a second specific heat capacity and a second mass of the target metal device; After summing the first heat transfer amount and the second heat transfer amount to generate a total heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the surrounding environment, the method further includes: The second specific heat capacity, the second mass, and the total heat transfer amount are input into a preset temperature calculation algorithm, and the temperature of the target metal device after heat transfer with the surrounding environment is calculated based on the preset temperature calculation algorithm.

12. A device for determining heat transfer, characterized in that: include: an acquisition module, configured to acquire a first heat transfer parameter of a target metal device in the containment and a second heat transfer parameter of the gas in the containment; The first heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the target metal equipment; The second heat transfer parameter is a parameter related to calculating the heat transfer of the gas; a calculation module, configured to calculate and generate a first convective heat transfer coefficient and a second convective heat transfer coefficient based on the first heat transfer parameter and the second heat transfer parameter; the first convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the vertical surface of the target metal device and the gas; and the second convective heat transfer coefficient is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the horizontal surface of the target metal device and the gas; A determination module is configured to determine a first heat transfer amount between the target metal device and the gas according to the first heat transfer parameter, the second heat transfer parameter, the first convection heat transfer coefficient, and the second convection heat transfer coefficient.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: memory and processor; The memory stores computer-executable instructions; The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the heat transfer amount determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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