Water and soil conservation prevention and control scheme making method, equipment, medium and product

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and soil conservation prevention and control scheme making method and device, a medium and a product, and relates to the field of water and soil conservation prevention and control, and the method comprises the steps: determining landform features according to a topographic map, a remote sensing image and DEM data of a research area; based on the landform features, determining a small watershed boundary by using a GIS technology; simulating a surface catchment relationship in the small watershed based on the boundary of the small watershed, and dividing the small watershed into different preliminary prevention and control spaces according to influence factors in multiple aspects in combination with morphological characteristics of the small watershed; the influence factors in multiple aspects comprise water and soil loss severity, ecological vulnerability and human activity influence; adjusting the preliminary prevention and control space in combination with field survey data, and determining an adjusted prevention and control space; according to the method, the fine features and dynamic changes of the small watershed can be accurately captured, and the water and soil conservation prevention and control space division accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of soil and water conservation prevention and control, and in particular to a method, equipment, medium and product for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan. Background Art

[0002] Small watersheds in hilly and gully regions are currently facing a series of severe ecological challenges, including increased soil erosion, vegetation destruction and ecosystem degradation, water shortages and pollution, declining ecological services, and frequent natural disasters. Due to complex terrain, concentrated rainfall, and the impact of human activities, soil erosion is severe, leading to a decline in land productivity and sedimentation in rivers, posing a threat to the downstream ecological environment. Furthermore, excessive vegetation destruction and irrational use have further exacerbated ecosystem degradation, reducing surface cover and stability. These challenges have collectively led to a weakening of ecological services in small watersheds in hilly and gully regions, impairing water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity protection, posing a serious challenge to the region's ecological security and sustainable development. Therefore, effective measures are urgently needed to improve ecological and environmental quality and ensure regional ecological security and sustainable development.

[0003] At present, the ecological governance of small watersheds in hilly and gully areas faces many challenges. Traditional methods mainly rely on topographic maps, hydrological data and field surveys, which are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to accurately capture the fine features and dynamic changes of small watersheds. In addition, existing technologies often ignore the interactive effects of multiple factors such as topography, vegetation cover, and soil erosion, resulting in inaccurate spatial division of prevention and control, limited prevention and control effects, and due to the lack of unified standards and norms, it is difficult to form an effective regional coordination and overall prevention and control pattern. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more scientific, efficient and adaptable method to improve and perfect the identification of small watersheds and the spatial division of soil and water conservation prevention and control in hilly and gully areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, equipment, medium and product for formulating soil and water conservation control plans to solve the problem of difficulty in accurately capturing the fine characteristics and dynamic changes of small watersheds and low accuracy in spatial division of soil and water conservation control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan, comprising:

[0007] Determine the geomorphic features based on topographic maps, remote sensing images, and DEM data of the study area;

[0008] Based on the geomorphic features, the boundaries of small watersheds were determined using GIS technology;

[0009] Based on the boundaries of the small watershed, simulate the surface water catchment relationship within the small watershed;

[0010] Based on the surface water catchment relationship and the morphological characteristics of the small watershed, the small watershed is divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces according to multiple influencing factors; the multiple influencing factors include the severity of soil erosion, ecological fragility, and the impact of human activities;

[0011] Based on the field survey data, adjust the preliminary prevention and control space and determine the adjusted prevention and control space;

[0012] Formulate a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan based on the adjusted prevention and control space.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a computer device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement any one of the soil and water conservation control plan formulation methods described above.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any of the above-mentioned methods for formulating a soil and water conservation plan.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned methods for formulating a soil and water conservation plan.

[0016] According to the specific embodiments provided by this application, this application discloses the following technical effects: This application combines topographic maps, remote sensing images and DEM data, and with the help of GIS technology, quickly processes a large amount of topographic data and multi-source information, greatly improving the efficiency of small watershed identification and soil and water conservation prevention and control space division. At the same time, this application comprehensively considers the morphological characteristics, surface water collection relationships and various influencing factors of small watersheds, accurately captures the fine characteristics and dynamic changes of small watersheds, thereby dividing different preliminary prevention and control spaces, and adjusts the preliminary prevention and control spaces in combination with field survey data, improving the accuracy of prevention and control space division, and then formulating a more systematic soil and water conservation prevention and control plan, improving the overall effect of soil and water conservation work, and conducting soil and water conservation prevention and control based on the above-mentioned soil and water conservation prevention and control plan formulation method provided by this application, thereby forming an effective regional coordination and overall prevention and control pattern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 In one embodiment of this application DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0021] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan, which is executed by a computer device, specifically, a computer device such as a terminal or a server, or a terminal and a server. In the embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps.

[0022] S1: Determine the landform characteristics based on the topographic map, remote sensing images and DEM data of the study area.

[0023] S2: Based on the geomorphological features, use GIS technology to determine the boundaries of small watersheds.

[0024] S3: Based on the small watershed boundary, simulate the surface water catchment relationship within the small watershed.

[0025] S4: Based on the surface water catchment relationship and the morphological characteristics of the small watershed, the small watershed is divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces according to multiple influencing factors; the multiple influencing factors include the severity of soil erosion, ecological fragility and the impact of human activities.

[0026] S5: Based on the field survey data, adjust the preliminary prevention and control space to determine the adjusted prevention and control space;

[0027] S6: Formulate a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan based on the adjusted prevention and control space.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, S1 may be replaced by the following steps.

[0029] As the basic unit for soil and water loss control, the identification and division of small watersheds is the basis for scientific prevention and control. The specific steps are as follows:

[0030] ① Basic data collection:

[0031] Collect topographic maps, high-resolution remote sensing images, digital elevation model (DEM) data, etc. to determine landform features.

[0032] Acquisition of topographic maps and high-resolution remote sensing images:

[0033] Obtain a topographic map from the local surveying and mapping department or relevant geographic information data platform. The scale of the topographic map should be no less than 1:10,000 to ensure that the topographic details of the hilly and gully areas are clearly reflected, including contour lines, elevation points, ridge lines, valley lines and other information. This information is crucial for determining landform features.

[0034] At the same time, high-resolution remote sensing imagery (with a resolution better than 0.5 meters) should be obtained, such as satellite remote sensing imagery (such as the Gaofen series) or aerial remote sensing imagery. Remote sensing imagery can provide real-time information on land cover, including vegetation type and distribution, as well as land use types (such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and construction land), providing basic data for subsequent analysis of the ecological and environmental status of the small watershed.

[0035] DEM data collection:

[0036] DEM data can be sourced from the National Geographic Information Center or a professional geographic data provider. Data resolution is selected based on the size of the study area and the required accuracy, typically between 5 and 30 meters. DEM data intuitively reflects elevation changes in terrain. Analysis of this data allows calculation of topographic factors such as slope, aspect, and relief. These factors are key parameters for identifying small watershed boundaries and analyzing potential risks of soil erosion.

[0037] Collect administrative division data, including district, township, and village boundaries, to facilitate subsequent boundary determination.

[0038] Administrative division data is obtained from the local government's civil affairs department to ensure accuracy and timeliness. This data includes information such as district, township, and village boundaries. These administrative boundaries can be used as a reference when determining small watershed boundaries, ensuring that the resulting small watershed divisions are more aligned with actual management needs and facilitating the organization and implementation of subsequent soil and water conservation efforts.

[0039] Collect hydrological data, such as river vector data, to understand the drainage structure of the basin.

[0040] River vector data within hydrological data is obtained from water conservancy departments and includes information such as river location, flow direction, and drainage area. River vector data can help us understand the drainage structure of small watersheds and determine the direction and extent of watershed drainage. This is crucial for accurately demarcating small watershed boundaries and analyzing hydrological processes within them.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, S2 may be replaced by the following steps.

[0042] S21: For micro-watersheds: using the hydrological analysis tool of Geographic Information System (GIS) in combination with the DEM data, extract the channels and micro-watershed watershed lines.

[0043] S22: Using a smoothing algorithm, the channel and the micro-watershed watershed are smoothed to determine the smoothed channel and micro-watershed watershed.

[0044] S23: Determine the boundaries of small watersheds based on the smoothed channels and micro-watershed watershed lines.

[0045] S24: For large reservoirs: The large reservoir has an area greater than 100km 2 For a reservoir, the reservoir boundary vector data of the reservoir management department is fused with the extracted small watershed boundary, and the management boundary is used as the small watershed boundary; the small watershed boundary is the hydrological unit boundary.

[0046] S25: For narrow and long river basins: divide the narrow and long river basin into a small river basin and determine the boundary of the small river basin.

[0047] S26: For fault depression areas: comprehensively analyze the topography, water system and vegetation, merge multiple micro-watersheds into one slope-type small watershed based on the drainage relationship, topographic continuity and ecological similarity, and determine the watershed boundaries of the slope-type small watershed.

[0048] In practical applications, GIS technology is used to identify small watersheds:

[0049] Hydrological analysis tools based on ArcGIS software are combined with DEM data to extract channel and micro-watershed watershed lines.

[0050] First, the collected DEM data was imported into ArcGIS software and preprocessed using its hydrological analysis tools. This included a depression-filling operation to eliminate local depressions in the DEM data and ensure accurate simulation of water flow. Then, the flow direction was calculated to determine the flow direction for each grid cell, which served as the basis for the subsequent extraction of channel and micro-watershed watersheds.

[0051] Based on the flow direction data, we extract the cumulative runoff. This cumulative runoff indicates the degree to which water flows converge within a watershed. Areas with large cumulative runs typically correspond to channels or rivers. By setting an appropriate threshold (e.g., one determined empirically or through multiple trials), we can extract the channel network.

[0052] The extracted channel network is used to further determine the micro-watershed watershed lines. Micro-watershed watershed lines are the dividing lines between adjacent micro-watersheds, dividing the watershed into several independent catchment areas. By extracting the watershed lines, the scope of the small watershed can be preliminarily determined.

[0053] By setting the micro-watershed area threshold (such as 0.1km 2 ), and all micro-watersheds whose catchment areas are larger than the threshold are extracted.

[0054] After many tests and analyses, combined with the actual terrain characteristics of the hilly and gully areas and the need for soil and water loss control, the micro-watershed area threshold was set at 0.1 km 2 Using ArcGIS's spatial analysis capabilities, we extracted all micro-watersheds with catchment areas larger than this threshold. This avoids creating overly fragmented small watersheds while ensuring that they are of a certain size for easier soil and water loss control and management.

[0055] Automatically extracted channel arcs and microwatershed watersheds are inspected and smoothed to ensure accuracy and continuity.

[0056] Manual inspection of automatically extracted channel arcs and micro-watershed watersheds was performed. Inspections included channel continuity and the rationality of watersheds. Discontinuous channel arcs were connected by manual editing or parameter adjustment. Inappropriate watersheds were corrected based on the terrain and water system conditions.

[0057] A smoothing algorithm is used to smooth channel arcs and micro-watershed watershed lines, making the extracted boundaries more natural and accurate. Smoothing can reduce jagged boundaries caused by data errors or algorithms, improve the accuracy of micro-watershed boundaries, and provide a reliable foundation for subsequent analysis and application.

[0058] Special terrain processing:

[0059] 1) For large reservoirs (such as those with an area greater than 100km 2 reservoirs), with their management boundaries used as small watershed boundaries.

[0060] By collecting reservoir boundary vector data provided by the reservoir management department, we merged it with the extracted small watershed boundaries. This is because large reservoirs have a significant impact on the surrounding hydrological processes and ecological environment. Their management boundaries can be used as relatively independent hydrological unit boundaries to facilitate soil and water conservation and water resources management.

[0061] 2) A narrow and long river basin with deep valleys, large catchment area and difficult to divide shall be separately divided into a small river basin.

[0062] For narrow, long watersheds with deep gullies, large catchment areas, and difficulty in segmentation, field surveys and topographic analysis identified their unique topographical features and drainage patterns. Based on these unique characteristics, the entire narrow watershed was divided into a single small watershed without further subdivision. This is because the topography and hydrological conditions of these watersheds are complex, and forced segmentation could disrupt their integrity, hindering accurate analysis and control of soil erosion.

[0063] 3) For the transition zone from mountains to plains or the fault depression area with wide river valleys, multiple micro-watersheds can be merged into one slope-type small watershed.

[0064] In areas transitioning from mountainous terrain to plains or with wide valleys, micro-watershed delineation may not reflect actual ecological and hydrological conditions due to significant topographical variation. Through a comprehensive analysis of factors such as topography, water systems, and vegetation, multiple micro-watersheds were merged into a single slope-type watershed. This merging process fully considered factors such as drainage relationships, topographic continuity, and ecological similarity, ensuring that the resulting slope-type watershed better reflects the region's actual ecological processes and soil erosion characteristics.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, S2 further includes:

[0066] S27: Overlay analysis is performed on the small watershed boundary and the remote sensing image to determine the degree of consistency between the small watershed boundary and the actual surface features, and preliminarily correct the small watershed boundary.

[0067] S28: Based on the water conservancy projects and the locations of settlements, adjust the initially revised small watershed boundaries and determine the adjusted small watershed boundaries.

[0068] In practical applications, boundary determination and correction:

[0069] With reference to high-resolution remote sensing images and combined with the locations of water conservancy projects such as reservoirs and sluices, as well as villages and settlements, the boundaries of small watersheds are corrected.

[0070] Reference high-resolution remote sensing images:

[0071] The extracted watershed boundaries were overlaid with high-resolution remote sensing imagery for analysis. The boundaries were carefully observed on the remote sensing imagery to determine their consistency with actual surface features (such as vegetation distribution, land use type changes, and topographic relief). Any boundary sections that did not conform to the actual situation were adjusted based on the information provided by the remote sensing imagery. For example, if the boundary crossed a distinct vegetation community boundary or an area with a sudden change in land use type, the boundary was moved to better align with the natural geographic characteristics.

[0072] Combined with the location of water conservancy facilities and settlements:

[0073] Small watershed boundaries should be revised based on the location and function of hydraulic facilities such as reservoirs and sluice gates. If hydraulic facilities have a significant impact on watershed catchment or flow regulation, this should be factored into the boundary definition. For example, the location of a reservoir's dam site may alter the catchment area of ​​a watershed. Small watershed boundaries should be adjusted based on the reservoir's actual operation to ensure that the boundary delineation accurately reflects the impact of hydraulic facilities on hydrological processes.

[0074] At the same time, the location of villages and settlements should be considered. The distribution of settlements is closely related to human activities, which may affect soil erosion and the ecological environment of the small watershed. When demarcating the boundaries of the small watershed, it is necessary to try to coordinate the distribution of settlements with the boundaries of the small watershed to facilitate the organization and implementation of subsequent soil and water conservation work, as well as residents' participation in and management of soil and water conservation measures.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, S3 may be replaced by the following steps.

[0076] S31: Divide the small watershed into a plurality of grid units.

[0077] S32: Use GIS hydrological analysis tools to analyze the flow direction and cumulative runoff of each grid cell.

[0078] S33: Based on the water flow direction and the cumulative amount of runoff, the area on the same runoff path is divided into a prevention and control unit to simulate the surface runoff relationship in the small watershed.

[0079] In practical application, the spatial division of soil and water conservation prevention and control is as follows:

[0080] Based on the identification of small watersheds, small watersheds are divided into different prevention and control spaces according to factors such as the severity of soil erosion, ecological fragility, and the impact of human activities.

[0081] Division principles:

[0082] 1) Comprehensively consider the surface water collection relationship to ensure the correctness of the upstream and downstream water collection relationship.

[0083] Utilize GIS's hydrological analysis capabilities to accurately simulate surface water collection processes within small watersheds. Analyze the flow direction and cumulative runoff of each grid cell to ensure the accuracy of upstream and downstream watershed relationships. When demarcating control areas, follow the natural laws of water flow to ensure that control areas match the catchment areas. For example, areas along the same catchment path can be designated as a control unit to facilitate holistic soil erosion control and unified water resource management.

[0084] 2) Consider the morphological characteristics of small watersheds and try to maintain their integrity.

[0085] During the demarcation process, the natural morphological features of the small watershed, such as the orientation of valleys and ridges, and the meandering of rivers, should be fully respected. Minimizing the fragmentation of the small watershed should be avoided, preserving its integrity as a relatively independent ecosystem. This helps maintain the continuity of ecological processes within the small watershed, such as material circulation, energy flow, and biological migration, and contributes to the stability of the ecosystem and the performance of its soil and water conservation functions.

[0086] 3) Combined with the principles of small watershed outlet treatment, such as alluvial fans, residential areas and other factors, appropriate adjustments should be made to the small watershed.

[0087] For alluvial fan areas at the outlets of small watersheds, their unique topography and soil conditions, as well as potential flood risks and siltation, are considered. When demarcating prevention and control areas, the alluvial fan area is considered a key area of ​​focus, and appropriate prevention and control measures, such as the construction of protective dikes and land reclamation, are formulated based on its characteristics.

[0088] For residential areas near the outlet of a small watershed, the spatial division of prevention and control measures should be rationally adjusted based on the impact of residents' living and production activities on soil and water conservation, as well as the residential areas' demand for soil and water conservation measures. For example, ecological buffer zones could be established around residential areas to reduce the impact of human activities on the small watershed's ecological environment while ensuring the ecological safety of the residential areas.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, S4 may be replaced by the following steps.

[0090] S41: Based on the surface water catchment relationship, combined with the morphological characteristics of the small watershed, and according to various influencing factors, the small watershed is divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces using GIS spatial analysis tools; the preliminary prevention and control spaces are displayed on the GIS map with different layers or area labels.

[0091] In practical applications, preliminary division: small watersheds are divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces based on their morphological characteristics, area and watershed relationship.

[0092] GIS spatial analysis tools are used to perform preliminary spatial delineation of small watersheds based on their morphological characteristics (such as aspect ratio, area size, and topographic relief), as well as their area and watershed relationships. For example, areas with larger areas, more undulating terrain, and concentrated watersheds are initially designated as candidate areas for key control zones; smaller areas with relatively flat terrain and simpler watershed relationships are initially designated as candidate areas for general protection zones. The results of these preliminary delineations are displayed on the GIS map as separate layers or regional markers to facilitate subsequent analysis and adjustments.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, S5 may be replaced by the following steps.

[0094] S51: Determine soil indices at soil sampling points set up in different terrain locations and land use types; the soil indices include soil texture, organic matter content, and erosion modulus.

[0095] S52: Measure vegetation cover and determine the type and intensity of human activities through questionnaires and field interviews.

[0096] S53: The soil indicators, preparation coverage, and human activity types and intensities are used as field survey data.

[0097] S54: Comparing and analyzing the field survey data with the preliminary prevention and control space, adjusting the preliminary prevention and control space that is inconsistent with the field survey data, and determining the adjusted prevention and control space.

[0098] In practical applications, field survey: Combined with field survey data, the preliminary division results are verified and adjusted.

[0099] Organize a professional survey team to conduct in-depth field surveys in small watersheds. Survey content includes soil type, soil erosion level, vegetation cover, current land use, and human activity intensity. Accurate, first-hand data is obtained through field sampling, measurement, and observation. For example, soil sampling points are set up in different terrain locations and land use types to measure soil texture, organic matter content, erosion modulus, and other indicators. Vegetation cover is measured using sampling methods or drone remote sensing technology. Questionnaires and on-site interviews are used to understand the type and intensity of human activities.

[0100] Compare and analyze the field survey data with the preliminary delineation results. Adjustments will be made to any preliminary delineation that does not align with actual conditions based on the survey data. For example, if an area initially designated as a general protected area is found to have severe soil erosion problems and significant human impacts during field surveys, it will be reclassified as a key control or prevention area.

[0101] Comprehensive analysis: Taking into account the severity of soil erosion, ecological fragility and the impact of human activities, the small watershed is divided into key prevention areas, key control areas and general protection areas.

[0102] Taking into account factors such as the severity of soil erosion, ecological fragility, and the impact of human activities, the final prevention and control space division of the small watershed is carried out.

[0103] The severity of soil erosion is quantitatively assessed using indicators such as soil erosion modulus, vegetation cover, and terrain slope. For example, areas with a soil erosion modulus greater than 5,000 tons per square kilometer per year, vegetation cover less than 30%, and terrain slope greater than 25° are designated as key control areas; areas with a soil erosion modulus between 1,000 and 5,000 tons per square kilometer per year, vegetation cover between 30% and 50%, and terrain slope between 15° and 25° are designated as key prevention areas; and areas with a soil erosion modulus less than 1,000 tons per square kilometer per year, vegetation cover greater than 50%, and terrain slope less than 15° are designated as general protection areas.

[0104] Ecological vulnerability assessments consider factors such as soil type, vegetation type, and biodiversity. For example, areas dominated by sandy or sandy loam soils, with a single vegetation type and low biodiversity, are considered highly vulnerable and are designated as key prevention or control areas. Meanwhile, areas with fertile soils, rich vegetation, and high biodiversity are considered less vulnerable and are designated as general protection areas.

[0105] The impact assessment of human activities includes agricultural production activities (such as farmland reclamation and irrigation methods), forestry activities (such as deforestation and afforestation), and construction activities (such as road construction and housing construction). Areas with high intensity of human activities and negative impacts on the ecological environment are designated as key control areas or key prevention areas based on actual conditions; areas with low intensity of human activities and less impact on the ecological environment are designated as general protection areas.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, S6 may be replaced by the following steps: The adjusted prevention and control space divides the small watershed into a key prevention area, a key control area, and a general protection area.

[0107] S61: For key prevention areas: establish long-term monitoring stations and monitoring networks, implement closed-off protection, and formulate soil and water conservation plans that strengthen monitoring and prevention measures; the monitoring content includes vegetation growth, soil moisture changes, and meteorological conditions.

[0108] S62: For key control areas: formulate a soil and water conservation plan that combines engineering measures and biological measures; wherein, the engineering measures include the construction of terraces, granaries and sand dams; the biological measures include afforestation and grass planting for slope protection.

[0109] S63: For general protected areas: maintain the original soil and water conservation plan; the original soil and water conservation plan includes reasonable planning of land use, regular tending and replanting, promotion of ecological agricultural technology, and standardization and guidance of human activities that affect the ecological environment.

[0110] In practical applications, the characteristics of the prevention and control space are:

[0111] 1) Key prevention areas: The potential risk of soil erosion is high and the ecological environment is fragile, requiring strengthened monitoring and prevention measures.

[0112] The region has a high potential risk of soil erosion, primarily due to relatively low vegetation cover that has not yet been severely damaged, weak soil resistance to erosion, steep terrain slopes, and a unique geographical location, such as a windward location. The ecological environment is fragile, potentially resulting in a simple vegetation community structure, low biodiversity, and low soil fertility.

[0113] In view of these characteristics, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and preventive measures. Monitoring content includes vegetation growth, soil moisture changes, meteorological conditions, etc., and long-term monitoring stations and monitoring networks will be established to regularly collect data and conduct analysis. Preventive measures include implementing closed protection, restricting human activities (such as prohibiting grazing, cutting wood, and land reclamation), promoting the natural recovery of vegetation; carrying out artificial afforestation and grass planting in suitable areas, selecting vegetation varieties with strong adaptability and good resistance to stress, and increasing vegetation coverage; setting up warning signs, strengthening publicity and education, and raising local residents' awareness of ecological protection.

[0114] 2) Key control areas: serious soil and water loss and degradation of ecological functions require engineering and biological measures for control.

[0115] This region suffers from severe soil erosion, manifested in high soil erosion moduli, significant gully erosion, and surface erosion, leading to a decline in land productivity. Ecological functions are degraded, vegetation is severely damaged, vegetation cover is low, biodiversity is reduced, and soil physical and chemical properties deteriorate, including reduced soil fertility and damaged soil structure.

[0116] Control measures include a combination of engineering and biological measures. Engineering measures, such as the construction of terraces, granaries, and sediment dams, modify the topography to slow water flow, intercept sediment, and reduce soil erosion. Biological measures include afforestation and grass planting for slope protection. Selecting fast-growing, soil-stabilizing tree and grass species suitable for the region, they will restore vegetation cover and enhance ecosystem stability. Simultaneously, the maintenance and management of control projects will be strengthened to ensure their long-term soil and water conservation capabilities.

[0117] 3) General protected areas: soil erosion is relatively light and the ecological environment is relatively good, but appropriate protection measures still need to be taken to prevent further aggravation of soil erosion.

[0118] The region has relatively low soil erosion, a relatively good ecological environment, high vegetation coverage, a low soil erosion modulus, and maintained land productivity at a certain level. However, appropriate protective measures are still needed to prevent further soil erosion.

[0119] Protection measures include rationally planning land use to avoid excessive reclamation and unreasonable construction; strengthening the protection and management of existing vegetation, and carrying out regular tending and replanting; promoting ecological agricultural technologies, such as contour planting and intercropping, to reduce soil erosion in farmland; and regulating and guiding human activities that may affect the ecological environment to promote the sustainable stability of the regional ecological environment.

[0120] This application can improve the accuracy of small watershed identification and soil and water conservation prevention and control space division: using scientific data analysis and algorithm models, it can more accurately identify the boundaries and scope of small watersheds, and divide soil and water conservation prevention and control spaces, providing more precise guidance for soil and water conservation work.

[0121] This application can improve work efficiency: with the help of advanced means such as geographic information systems and remote sensing technology, a large amount of terrain data and multi-source information can be quickly processed, greatly improving the work efficiency of small watershed identification and soil and water conservation prevention and control space division.

[0122] This application can formulate a systematic soil and water conservation prevention and control plan: by comprehensively considering various factors such as the terrain characteristics, soil type, vegetation coverage, etc. of the small watershed, a more systematic soil and water conservation prevention and control plan can be formulated to improve the overall effect of soil and water conservation work.

[0123] This application can promote the improvement and sustainable development of the regional ecological environment: through scientific identification of small watersheds and spatial division of soil and water conservation prevention and control, it can effectively control soil erosion, improve the ecological environment, increase land productivity, and promote the sustainable development of the regional economy.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server or a terminal. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output (I / O) interface, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus via the I / O interface. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store data for formulating a soil and water conservation plan. The I / O interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and an external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for formulating a soil and water conservation plan is implemented.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the above method when executing the computer program.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program, which implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0127] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0129] In this application, all actions to obtain signals, information or data are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and policies of the country where they are located and with the authorization given by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0130] The databases involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchains. The processors involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include, but are not limited to, general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic units, data processing logic units based on quantum computing, and the like.

[0131] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0132] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above examples is only intended to help understand the method and core concept of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the concept of this application, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan, characterized in that: include: Determine the geomorphic features based on topographic maps, remote sensing images, and DEM data of the study area; Based on the geomorphic features, the boundaries of small watersheds were determined using GIS technology; Based on the boundaries of the small watershed, simulate the surface water catchment relationship within the small watershed; Based on the surface water catchment relationship and the morphological characteristics of the small watershed, the small watershed is divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces according to multiple influencing factors; the multiple influencing factors include the severity of soil erosion, ecological fragility, and the impact of human activities; Based on the field survey data, adjust the preliminary prevention and control space and determine the adjusted prevention and control space; Formulate a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan based on the adjusted prevention and control space.

2. The method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the geomorphic features, GIS technology is used to determine the boundaries of small watersheds, including: For micro-watersheds: using GIS hydrological analysis tools, combined with the DEM data, to extract channels and micro-watershed watershed lines; Using a smoothing algorithm, the channel and micro-watershed watershed lines are smoothed to determine the smoothed channel and micro-watershed watershed lines; Determine the boundaries of small watersheds based on the smoothed channels and micro-watershed watershed lines; For large reservoirs: the area of ​​the large reservoir is greater than 100km 2 For a reservoir, the reservoir boundary vector data of the reservoir management department is merged with the extracted small watershed boundary, and the management boundary is used as the small watershed boundary; the small watershed boundary is the hydrological unit boundary; For narrow and long river basins: divide the narrow and long river basin into a small river basin and determine the boundary of the small river basin; For fault depression areas: comprehensively analyze the topography, water system and vegetation, merge multiple micro-watersheds into one slope-type small watershed based on the water collection relationship, topographic continuity and ecological similarity, and determine the small watershed boundaries of the slope-type small watershed.

3. The method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the geomorphic features, GIS technology is used to determine the boundaries of the small watershed, which will then include: Overlaying and analyzing the small watershed boundary and the remote sensing image to determine the degree of coincidence between the small watershed boundary and the actual surface features, and preliminarily revising the small watershed boundary; Based on the water conservancy projects and the location of settlements, the initially revised small watershed boundaries are adjusted to determine the adjusted small watershed boundaries.

4. The method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the small watershed boundary, simulate the surface water catchment relationship within the small watershed, specifically including: Dividing the small watershed into a plurality of grid units; Use GIS hydrological analysis tools to analyze the flow direction and cumulative runoff of each grid cell; Based on the water flow direction and cumulative runoff, the area on the same runoff path is divided into a prevention and control unit to simulate the surface runoff relationship in the small watershed.

5. The method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the surface water catchment relationship, combined with the morphological characteristics of the small watershed, and according to various influencing factors, the small watershed is divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces, including: Based on the surface water catchment relationship, combined with the morphological characteristics of the small watershed, and according to various influencing factors, the small watershed is divided into different preliminary prevention and control spaces using GIS spatial analysis tools; the preliminary prevention and control spaces are displayed on the GIS map with different layers or area labels.

6. The method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan according to claim 1, characterized in that: Combined with the field survey data, the preliminary prevention and control space is adjusted to determine the adjusted prevention and control space, specifically including: Determine soil indices at soil sampling points located in different terrain locations and land use types; the soil indices include soil texture, organic matter content, and erosion modulus; Determine vegetation cover and determine the type and intensity of human activities through questionnaires and field interviews; The soil indicators, prepared cover, and types and intensities of human activities are used as field survey data; The field survey data is compared and analyzed with the preliminary prevention and control space, and the preliminary prevention and control space that is inconsistent with the field survey data is adjusted to determine the adjusted prevention and control space.

7. The method for formulating a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan according to claim 1, characterized in that: Formulate a soil and water conservation prevention and control plan based on the adjusted prevention and control space, specifically including: dividing the small watershed into key prevention areas, key control areas and general protection areas based on the adjusted prevention and control space; For key prevention areas: establish long-term monitoring stations and networks, implement closed-off protection measures, and develop soil and water conservation plans that strengthen monitoring and prevention measures. Monitoring should include vegetation growth, soil moisture changes, and meteorological conditions. For key control areas: formulate a soil and water conservation plan that combines engineering measures and biological measures; engineering measures include building terraces, troughs, and sediment dams; biological measures include afforestation and grass planting for slope protection; For general protected areas: maintain the original soil and water conservation plan; the original soil and water conservation plan includes reasonable planning of land use, regular tending and replanting, promotion of ecological agricultural technology, and standardization and guidance of human activities that affect the ecological environment.

8. A computer device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for formulating a soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for formulating a soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for formulating a soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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