Hydrogen variable-pressure circulating system based on fuel cell

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen variable-pressure circulation system based on a fuel cell, which belongs to the technical field of fuel cell fluid circulation, is suitable for an electric pile, and comprises a gas circulation unit, a water circulation unit and a control unit, the gas circulation unit comprises a tank A and a tank B, and a gas outlet of the tank A and a gas outlet of the tank B are communicated with a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile; a gas inlet of the tank A and a gas inlet of the tank B are communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile, and a water inlet of the tank A and a water inlet of the tank B are communicated with a cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile; the water circulation unit comprises a heat exchanger and a circulating water pump which are sequentially connected, the heat exchanger is communicated with a water outlet of the tank A and a water outlet of the tank B, and the heat exchanger is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the galvanic pile and a cooling water outlet of the galvanic pile; the control unit is connected with the tank A and the tank B and used for controlling the air outlets, the air inlets and the water inlets of the tank A and the tank B to be opened and closed. The circulating hydrogen pressurization range is wide, the change requirement of a wider power range is met, and parasitic power is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell fluid circulation, and in particular relates to a hydrogen pressure-changing circulation system based on a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The basic principle is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell respectively. Hydrogen enters the anode flow channel and dissociates into protons and electrons under the action of the catalyst. The protons reach the cathode of the battery through the proton exchange membrane, and the electrons are collected through the collecting plate and do work in the external circuit. Oxygen reaches the catalytic side surface of the cathode through the gas diffusion layer. Under the action of the catalyst, oxygen combines with the protons passing through the proton exchange membrane and the electrons in the external circuit to generate water, releasing a large amount of heat.

[0003] When working, hydrogen fuel cells provide hydrogen through a hydrogen storage system. The hydrogen enters the fuel cell and reacts with the oxygen at the anode. The reaction is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of product water. To ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell, excess hydrogen and oxygen are often required to remove the water generated inside the fuel cell. However, hydrogen is expensive and flammable. Direct discharge is a waste of resources and poses a safety hazard.

[0004] Currently, a hydrogen circulation pump or ejector is typically installed between the fuel cell's hydrogen outlet and hydrogen inlet to recycle and reuse the hydrogen. However, the circulation pump is an electromechanical device that consumes power from the battery system to operate. This power consumption directly reduces the fuel cell system's net output power and system efficiency, and the circulation pump has high parasitic power. The ejector's performance is highly dependent on the operating point, specifically the hydrogen flow rate and pressure, resulting in a narrow boost range for the ejector, making it unable to adapt to changes in power within a wider range. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen pressure-switching circulation system based on a fuel cell, aiming to solve the technical problems of high parasitic power caused by a hydrogen circulation pump and a narrow ejector boost range that cannot adapt to changing requirements within a wider power range.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: providing a hydrogen pressure-switching circulation system based on a fuel cell, comprising:

[0007] An air circulation unit, comprising a tank A and a tank B, wherein the gas outlet of the tank A and the gas outlet of the tank B are both connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the air inlet of the tank A and the air inlet of the tank B are both connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the water inlet of the tank A and the water inlet of the tank B are both connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0008] a water circulation unit, comprising a heat exchanger and a circulating water pump connected in sequence, wherein the heat exchanger is connected to the water outlet of the tank A and the water outlet of the tank B, respectively, and the heat exchanger is also connected to the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet of the stack; and

[0009] A control unit is connected to the tank A and the tank B, and is used to control the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of the tank A and control the opening and closing of the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of the tank B.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the control unit includes:

[0011] a first control assembly, comprising a valve A1 provided between the water inlet of the tank A and the heat exchanger, a valve A2 provided between the water outlet of the tank A and the heat exchanger, a valve A3 provided between the air inlet of the tank A and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and a valve A4 provided between the air outlet of the tank A and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; and

[0012] The second control component includes a valve B1 provided between the water inlet of the tank B and the heat exchanger, a valve B2 provided between the water outlet of the tank B and the heat exchanger, a valve B3 provided between the air inlet of the tank B and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and a valve B4 provided between the air outlet of the tank B and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first control component further includes a liquid level gauge A1 and a liquid level gauge A2, the liquid level gauge A1 and the liquid level gauge A2 are distributed vertically, and the liquid level gauge A1 and the liquid level gauge A2 are both communicatively connected to the valve A1, the valve A2, the valve A3, and the valve A4;

[0014] The second control component further includes a liquid level gauge B1 and a liquid level gauge B2, which are distributed vertically and are both communicatively connected to the valve B1, the valve B2, the valve B3, and the valve B4.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the gas circulation unit includes an outlet pipe A connected to both the gas outlet of tank A and the gas outlet of tank B, and an outlet pipe B connected to the hydrogen storage tank, and the fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure swing circulation system further includes a mixing unit;

[0016] The mixing unit comprises:

[0017] a mixing box, connected to the gas outlet pipe A, connected to the gas outlet pipe B, and also connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0018] a first air inlet pipe spirally disposed in the mixing box, the first air inlet pipe being connected to the air outlet pipe A, and a plurality of first air holes being opened on a wall of the first air inlet pipe and being connected to the interior of the mixing box; and

[0019] The second air inlet pipe is spirally arranged in the mixing box, the second air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe B, and a pipe wall of the second air inlet pipe is provided with a plurality of second air holes connected to the interior of the mixing box.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the head end of the first air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe A, the rotation axis of the first air inlet pipe is parallel to the vertical direction, the head end of the second air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe B, the rotation axis of the second air inlet pipe is parallel to the vertical direction, and the rotation direction of the second air inlet pipe is opposite to that of the first air inlet pipe;

[0021] The mixing unit further includes a power member drivingly connected to the first air intake pipe and the second air intake pipe, and the power member is used to drive the first air intake pipe and the second air intake pipe to rotate.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the tail end of the first air inlet pipe is spherically hinged with a first ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a first rolling groove adapted to roll with the first ball;

[0023] The tail end of the second air inlet pipe is spherically hinged with a second ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a second rolling groove adapted for rolling with the second ball.

[0024] In a possible implementation, an anti-deflection unit is provided at the intersection of the first rolling groove and the second rolling groove;

[0025] The anti-deflection unit includes:

[0026] a first anti-deflection plate, disposed in the second rolling groove, the first anti-deflection plate being rotatably connected to the mixing box, the rotation axis of the first anti-deflection plate being parallel to the up-down direction, the curvature of the concave surface of the first anti-deflection plate being the same as the curvature of the first rolling groove, and a first torsion spring being installed at the rotation connection between the first anti-deflection plate and the mixing box;

[0027] a first adsorption member, provided on the first anti-deflection plate, for adsorbing and fixing the first anti-deflection plate and the inner wall of the second rolling groove;

[0028] a second anti-deflection plate, disposed in the first rolling groove, the second anti-deflection plate being rotatably connected to the mixing box, the rotation axis of the second anti-deflection plate being parallel to the up-down direction, the curvature of the concave surface of the second anti-deflection plate being the same as the curvature of the second rolling groove, and a second torsion spring being installed at the rotational connection between the second anti-deflection plate and the mixing box; and

[0029] The second adsorption component is provided on the second anti-deflection plate and is used for adsorbing and fixing the second anti-deflection plate and the inner wall of the first rolling groove.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure swing circulation system further includes a detection unit;

[0031] The detection unit comprises:

[0032] a detection box, connected to the bottom of the mixing box;

[0033] a detector, disposed in the detection box, for detecting the hydrogen humidity in the detection box; and

[0034] The reprocessing component is connected to the detection box and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and is used to increase, decrease or keep the humidity of the hydrogen output from the detection box unchanged.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the reprocessing component includes:

[0036] A humidification pipe having a humidification inlet and a humidification outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box. A nozzle is installed in the humidification pipe, and the nozzle is connected to the water tank. A first one-way valve is installed at the connection between the humidification outlet and the detection box, and a humidification feed valve is installed at the connection between the humidification inlet and the detection box.

[0037] a drying pipe having a drying inlet and a drying outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box, a desiccant being provided in the drying pipe, a second one-way valve being installed at the connection between the drying outlet and the detection box, and a drying feed valve being installed at the connection between the drying inlet and the detection box; and

[0038] A qualified pipe is connected to the detection box and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a qualified feed valve is installed at the connection point between the qualified pipe and the detection box.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the drying feed valve, the humidifying feed valve, and the qualified feed valve are all communicatively connected to the detector.

[0040] Compared with the existing technology, the fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure-switching circulation system provided by the present invention closely integrates the hydrogen circulation with the thermal management of the fuel cell stack. The high-temperature water at the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is directly introduced into tank A or tank B. On the one hand, the heat of the water is used to maintain or increase the temperature of the hydrogen in the tank and enhance its fluidity. On the other hand, it also participates in regulating the humidity of the hydrogen, which helps to optimize the reaction environment inside the fuel cell stack and improve performance. More importantly, the design constructs a closed-loop hydrogen circulation system, in which the unreacted hydrogen at the fuel cell stack outlet is effectively recovered and re-supplied to the hydrogen inlet for use, greatly reducing the consumption of expensive hydrogen, avoiding the safety hazards and economic losses caused by direct emissions, and achieving efficient resource utilization and safe operation. At the same time, the present invention adopts a variable pressure circulation structure in which tanks A and B work alternately, and uses the natural change of the pressure difference in the tanks as a driving force to achieve the circulation flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen inlet, thereby improving the pressurization range, being able to adapt to the requirements of changes within a wider power range, and completely eliminating the additional power consumption caused by the circulation pump and the strict dependence of the ejector on the working point. The water circulation pump provides power for the air circulation unit and the water circulation unit at the same time, significantly improving the net output power and efficiency of the system and reducing parasitic power. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a water circulation unit and an air circulation unit used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of a mixing unit and a detection unit used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of the first air intake pipe and the second air intake pipe used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the anti-deflection unit used in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 10. Air circulation unit; 101. Tank A; 102. Tank B; 103. Outlet pipe A; 104. Outlet pipe B;

[0047] 20. Water circulation unit; 201. Heat exchanger; 202. Circulating water pump; 203. Flow regulating valve; 204. Filter;

[0048] 30. Mixing unit; 301. Mixing box; 3011. First rolling groove; 3012. Second rolling groove; 302. First air inlet pipe; 3021. First air hole; 3022. First ball; 303. Second air inlet pipe; 3031. Second air hole; 3032. Second ball;

[0049] 40. Anti-deflection unit; 401. First anti-deflection plate; 402. Second anti-deflection plate;

[0050] 50. Detection unit; 501. Detection box; 502. Humidification tube; 503. Drying tube; 504. Qualified tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] Please also refer to Figures 1 to 4 , the present invention is to describe the hydrogen pressure-changing circulation system based on fuel cells. A hydrogen pressure-changing circulation system based on fuel cells, comprising an air circulation unit 10, a water circulation unit 20 and a control unit; the air circulation unit 10 comprises a tank A101 and a tank B102, the air outlet of tank A101 and the air outlet of tank B102 are both connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the air inlet of tank A101 and the air inlet of tank B102 are both connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, the water inlet of tank A101 and the water inlet of tank B102 are both connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack; the water circulation unit 20 comprises a plurality of water circulation units connected in sequence. The heat exchanger 201 and the circulating water pump 202 are connected, and the heat exchanger 201 is respectively connected to the water outlet of tank A101 and the water outlet of tank B102. The heat exchanger 201 is also connected to the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack. The water circulating pump is a variable frequency booster pump, and the circulating water is deionized water. The control unit is connected to tank A101 and tank B102, and is used to control the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of tank A101 and control the opening and closing of the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of tank B102.

[0053] Specifically, water circulation unit 20 also includes a flow control valve 203, a filter 204, and a valve 5. Flow control valve 203 regulates the water flow balance between water circulation unit 20 and air circulation unit 10. Filter 204 filters impurities within the water circulation system. Excess circulating water within the water circulation system can be periodically drained through valve 5. Both flow control valve 203 and filter 204 are conventional technologies and will not be described in detail herein.

[0054] It should be noted that when the quality of the circulating hydrogen cannot meet the process requirements, the hydrogen can be compressed into other purification systems, such as the distributed power station PSA purification system, to improve the hydrogen utilization rate.

[0055] In the fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure-changing circulation system provided in this embodiment, the control unit opens the air inlet and water outlet of tank A101, and the unreacted hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell flows into tank A101. After the hydrogen enters tank A101, the water in tank A101 is squeezed out from the water outlet of tank A101, and the hydrogen remains in tank A101; at the same time, the control unit opens the air outlet and water inlet of tank B102, and after the water enters tank B102, it squeezes the hydrogen in tank B102 into the fuel cell through the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell to participate in the reaction, and the water remains in tank B102.

[0056] The water flowing out from the water outlet of tank A101 or tank B102 enters the water circulation unit 20, first flows through the heat exchanger 201, where it is further cooled to a temperature suitable for the operation of the fuel cell stack, and then is pressurized by the circulating water pump 202 and transported back to the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack, and enters the fuel cell stack again to absorb heat, completing the circulation of the cooling water; at the same time, the heat exchanger 201 is also directly connected to the cooling water outlet and cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack, which means that the heat exchanger 201 needs to process the water flowing out of tank A101, tank B102 and the fuel cell stack in parallel.

[0057] Compared with the existing technology, the hydrogen circulation is tightly integrated with the thermal management of the fuel cell stack, and the high-temperature water at the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is directly introduced into tank A101 or tank B102. On the one hand, the heat of the water is used to maintain or increase the temperature of the hydrogen in the tank and enhance its fluidity. On the other hand, it also participates in the humidity regulation of the hydrogen, which helps to optimize the reaction environment inside the fuel cell stack and improve performance. More importantly, this design constructs a closed-loop hydrogen circulation system, in which the unreacted hydrogen at the fuel cell stack outlet is effectively recovered and re-supplied to the hydrogen inlet for use, greatly reducing the consumption of expensive hydrogen, avoiding the safety hazards and economic losses caused by direct emissions, and realizing efficient resource utilization and safe operation. At the same time, the present invention adopts a variable pressure circulation structure in which tanks A101 and tanks B102 work alternately, and uses the natural change of the pressure difference in the tanks as a driving force to achieve the circulation flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen inlet, thereby improving the pressurization range and being able to adapt to the requirements of changes within a wider power range. It completely eliminates the additional power consumption caused by the circulation pump and the strict dependence of the ejector on the working point. The water circulation pump provides power for the gas circulation unit 10 and the water circulation unit 20 at the same time, significantly improving the net output power and efficiency of the system and reducing parasitic power.

[0058] In some embodiments, see Figure 1The control unit includes a first control component and a second control component; the first control component includes a valve A1 provided between the water inlet of tank A101 and the heat exchanger 201, a valve A2 provided between the water outlet of tank A101 and the heat exchanger 201, a valve A3 provided between the air inlet of tank A101 and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and a valve A4 provided between the air outlet of tank A101 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; the second control component includes a valve B1 provided between the water inlet of tank B102 and the heat exchanger 201, a valve B2 provided between the water outlet of tank B102 and the heat exchanger 201, a valve B3 provided between the air inlet of tank B102 and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and a valve B4 provided between the air outlet of tank B102 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0059] The first control component further includes a liquid level gauge A1 and a liquid level gauge A2, which are distributed vertically and are both communicatively connected to valves A1, A2, A3 and A4.

[0060] The second control component further includes a liquid level gauge B1 and a liquid level gauge B2. The liquid level gauge B1 and the liquid level gauge B2 are distributed vertically and are both communicatively connected with valves B1, B2, B3 and B4.

[0061] Tank A101 draws hydrogen: Valves A1 and A4 are closed, while valves A2 and A3 are open. As the water circulation pump operates, the water level in tank A101 gradually drops from LA1. Unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell stack is drawn (or introduced) into tank A101 under backpressure, maintaining the pressure within the tank. The entrained water enters tank A101 and is collected. The hydrogen is then humidified again until the water level drops to LA2, completing the hydrogen draw. Tank A101 releases hydrogen: Valves A2 and A3 are closed, while valves A1 and A4 are open. The water level gradually rises from LA2, forcing hydrogen back into the fuel cell stack's hydrogen supply system until it reaches LA1, completing the hydrogen release. Tank B102 operates in the opposite manner to tank A101, maintaining the water circulation pump at all times.

[0062] By configuring independent four-valve group control structures (valves A1-A4 and valves B1-B4) for tank A101 and tank B102 respectively, precise decoupling and coordinated management of the gas and water circuits are achieved, completely eliminating the parasitic power consumption and working condition dependence of traditional mechanical circulation devices. At the same time, the hard isolation mechanism of valve opening and closing ensures that the two tanks operate completely independently during alternating working cycles, avoiding gas or liquid cross-flow interference.

[0063] Each valve is directly installed at the key pipeline node, replacing dynamic mechanical components with the simplest static structure, significantly improving system reliability and achieving zero-maintenance operation; in addition, the modular layout of the valve group provides a clear execution path for the control unit, so that the pressure conversion, hydrogen circulation and water heat exchange processes of the dual tanks can be switched strictly according to the time sequence, fundamentally ensuring the efficient generation and transmission of variable pressure driving force.

[0064] In some embodiments, see Figures 1 to 3 The gas circulation unit 10 includes an outlet pipe A103 connected to the gas outlet of tank A101 and the gas outlet of tank B102, and an outlet pipe B104 connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure change circulation system also includes a mixing unit 30.

[0065] The mixing unit 30 includes a mixing box 301, a first air inlet pipe 302 and a second air inlet pipe 303; the mixing box 301 is connected to the outlet pipe A103, and is connected to the outlet pipe B104, and is also connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; the first air inlet pipe 302 is spirally arranged in the mixing box 301, and the first air inlet pipe 302 is connected to the outlet pipe A103, and the wall of the first air inlet pipe 302 is provided with a plurality of first air holes 3021 connected to the interior of the mixing box 301; the second air inlet pipe 303 is spirally arranged in the mixing box 301, and the second air inlet pipe 303 is connected to the outlet pipe B104, and the wall of the second air inlet pipe 303 is provided with a plurality of second air holes 3031 connected to the interior of the mixing box 301.

[0066] The recycled hydrogen from tank A101 and tank B102 is combined with the newly added hydrogen in the mixing box 301. The recycled hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen are released into the mixing box 301 through dense pores. Hydrogen with different pressures and humidity is mixed in the mixing box 301, which significantly improves the pressure stability and humidity uniformity of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell stack.

[0067] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The head end of the first air inlet pipe 302 is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe A103, and the rotation axis of the first air inlet pipe 302 is parallel to the up and down directions. The head end of the second air inlet pipe 303 is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe B104, and the rotation axis of the second air inlet pipe 303 is parallel to the up and down directions. The rotation direction of the second air inlet pipe 303 is opposite to the rotation direction of the first air inlet pipe 302.

[0068] The mixing unit 30 further includes a power member that is transmission-connected to the first air inlet pipe 302 and the second air inlet pipe 303 . The power member is used to drive the first air inlet pipe 302 and the second air inlet pipe 303 to rotate. The power member may be a motor.

[0069] Optionally, two power members are provided, and the two power members correspond to the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 respectively, and the output shafts of the two power members rotate in opposite directions.

[0070] Optionally, the power component is provided with one, and the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 are connected via a gear set, so that the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 rotate in opposite directions.

[0071] The power component is started to drive the first air inlet pipe 302 and the second air inlet pipe 303 to rotate, so that the positions of the first air inlet hole and the second air inlet hole are constantly changing, thereby constantly changing the starting point of the recycled and reused hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen entering the mixing box 301, thereby improving the mixing uniformity of the recycled and reused hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen; at the same time, the first and second air inlet pipes 302 and 303 will stir the gas in the mixing box 301 during the rotation process, thereby further improving the mixing uniformity of the recycled and reused hydrogen and the newly added hydrogen.

[0072] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The tail end of the first air inlet pipe 302 is ball-hinged with a first ball 3022, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box 301 is provided with a first rolling groove 3011 that is rolling-adapted to the first ball 3022; the tail end of the second air inlet pipe 303 is ball-hinged with a second ball 3032, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box 301 is provided with a second rolling groove 3012 that is rolling-adapted to the second ball 3032.

[0073] During the rotation of the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303, the first ball 3022 rolls freely along the first rolling groove 3011, and the second ball 3032 rolls freely along the second rolling groove 3012, thereby constraining the tail ends of the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 to move in the horizontal plane. At the same time, the ball hinge allows the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 to float slightly in the vertical direction to compensate for thermal deformation or assembly errors.

[0074] The two ends of the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 are flexibly positioned to ensure the concentricity and flatness of the rotation trajectory, absorb dynamic stress during operation, and avoid jamming or wear caused by rigid connection; the rolling guidance of the first rolling groove 3011 for the first ball 3022 and the rolling groove 3012 for the second ball 3032 further limit the radial movement of the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303, so that the first air intake pipe 302 and the second air intake pipe 303 under the rotating working condition can still maintain smooth operation.

[0075] In some embodiments, see Figure 4, an anti-deflection unit 40 is provided at the intersection of the first rolling groove 3011 and the second rolling groove 3012; the anti-deflection unit 40 includes a first anti-deflection plate 401, a first adsorption member, a second anti-deflection plate 402 and a second adsorption member; the first anti-deflection plate 401 is provided in the second rolling groove 3012, the first anti-deflection plate 401 is rotatably connected to the mixing box 301, the rotation axis of the first anti-deflection plate 401 is parallel to the up and down directions, the concave curvature of the first anti-deflection plate 401 is the same as the curvature of the first rolling groove 3011, and a first torsion spring is installed at the rotation connection between the first anti-deflection plate 401 and the mixing box 301; the first adsorption member is provided on the first anti-deflection plate 401, which is used to The anti-deflection plate 401 is fixed to the inner wall of the second rolling groove 3012 by adsorption, and the first adsorption component can be an electric suction cup; the second anti-deflection plate 402 is arranged in the first rolling groove 3011, and the second anti-deflection plate 402 is rotatably connected to the mixing box 301, and the rotation axis of the second anti-deflection plate 402 is parallel to the up and down directions, and the concave curvature of the second anti-deflection plate 402 is the same as the curvature of the second rolling groove 3012, and a second torsion spring is installed at the rotation connection between the second anti-deflection plate 402 and the mixing box 301; the second adsorption component is arranged on the second anti-deflection plate 402, and is used to adsorb and fix the second anti-deflection plate 402 to the inner wall of the first rolling groove 3011, and the second adsorption component can be an electric suction cup.

[0076] When the first ball 3022 rolls along the first rolling groove 3011 and approaches the intersection with the second rolling groove 3012, its movement path will overlap with the second rolling groove 3012. At this time, the first anti-deflection plate 401 arranged in the second rolling groove 3012 closes the second rolling groove 3012 under the action of the torsion spring, and at the same time, the first adsorption component is started so that the first anti-deflection plate 401 is adsorbed and fixed to the inner wall of the second rolling groove 3012. When the first ball 3022 passes through the intersection area, the first anti-deflection plate 401 guides the first ball 3022 to prevent the first ball 3022 from being stuck in the intersection area; after the first ball 3022 passes through the intersection area, the first adsorption component stops working, and the first anti-deflection plate 401 disengages from the inner wall of the second rolling groove 3012. When the second ball 3032 passes through the intersection area, the second ball 3032 squeezes the first anti-deflection plate 401 to make the first anti-deflection plate 401 rotate, and the second rolling groove 3012 opens for the second ball 3032 to enter. Similarly, the second anti-deflection plate 402 prevents the second ball 3032 from getting stuck in the intersection area, which will not be described in detail.

[0077] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure-switching circulation system also includes a detection unit 50; the detection unit 50 includes a detection box 501, a detector, and a reprocessing component; the detection box 501 is connected to the bottom of the mixing box 301; the detector is arranged in the detection box 501, and is used to detect the humidity of the hydrogen in the detection box 501. The detector can be a gas humidity sensor; the reprocessing component is connected to the detection box 501 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and is used to increase, decrease, or keep the humidity of the hydrogen output from the detection box 501 unchanged.

[0078] The reprocessing component includes a humidifying tube 502, a drying tube 503 and a qualified tube 504; the humidifying tube 502 has a humidifying inlet and a humidifying outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box 501, a nozzle is installed in the humidifying tube 502, the nozzle is connected to the water tank, a first one-way valve is installed at the connection between the humidifying outlet and the detection box 501, and a humidifying feed valve is installed at the connection between the humidifying inlet and the detection box 501; the drying tube 503 has a drying inlet and a drying outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box 501, a desiccant is provided in the drying tube 503, a second one-way valve is installed at the connection between the drying outlet and the detection box 501, and a drying feed valve is installed at the connection between the drying inlet and the detection box 501; the qualified tube 504 is connected to the detection box 501 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a qualified feed valve is installed at the connection between the qualified tube 504 and the detection box 501.

[0079] The drying feed valve, the humidifying feed valve and the qualified feed valve are all communicatively connected with the detector.

[0080] By integrating humidity detection and reprocessing, a hydrogen humidity closed-loop control system has been constructed, achieving real-time and precise control of the humidity at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack in the hydrogen circulation loop. The detection box 501 directly captures the hydrogen sample output by the mixing box 301, the detector monitors the humidity, and the reprocessing component switches the humidification, drying or direct-through path according to the humidity value, completely solving the risk of membrane electrode "flooding" or "drying out" failure caused by humidity fluctuations in traditional systems. This design upgrades humidity management from passive adaptation to active intervention, significantly improving the output stability and life of the fuel cell stack, while avoiding the high energy consumption problem of the external humidifier, and enabling the voltage transformer circulation system to have the ability to self-optimize under all operating conditions.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen pressure-switching circulation system based on a fuel cell, suitable for a fuel cell stack, characterized in that: include: An air circulation unit, comprising a tank A and a tank B, wherein the gas outlet of the tank A and the gas outlet of the tank B are both connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the air inlet of the tank A and the air inlet of the tank B are both connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the water inlet of the tank A and the water inlet of the tank B are both connected to the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack; a water circulation unit, comprising a heat exchanger and a circulating water pump connected in sequence, wherein the heat exchanger is connected to the water outlet of tank A and the water outlet of tank B, respectively, and the heat exchanger is also connected to the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack; as well as A control unit is connected to the tank A and the tank B, and is used to control the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of the tank A and control the opening and closing of the air outlet, air inlet, water inlet and water outlet of the tank B.

2. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit comprises: a first control assembly, comprising a valve A1 provided between the water inlet of the tank A and the heat exchanger, a valve A2 provided between the water outlet of the tank A and the heat exchanger, a valve A3 provided between the air inlet of the tank A and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and a valve A4 provided between the air outlet of the tank A and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; and The second control component includes a valve B1 provided between the water inlet of the tank B and the heat exchanger, a valve B2 provided between the water outlet of the tank B and the heat exchanger, a valve B3 provided between the air inlet of the tank B and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and a valve B4 provided between the air outlet of the tank B and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

3. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first control assembly further includes a liquid level gauge A1 and a liquid level gauge A2, which are arranged vertically and horizontally, and are both communicatively connected to the valve A1, the valve A2, the valve A3, and the valve A4; The second control component further includes a liquid level gauge B1 and a liquid level gauge B2, which are distributed vertically and are both communicatively connected to the valve B1, the valve B2, the valve B3, and the valve B4.

4. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas circulation unit includes an outlet pipe A connected to the gas outlet of tank A and the gas outlet of tank B, and an outlet pipe B connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure-switching circulation system also includes a mixing unit. The mixing unit comprises: a mixing box, connected to the gas outlet pipe A, connected to the gas outlet pipe B, and also connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; a first air inlet pipe spirally disposed in the mixing box, the first air inlet pipe being connected to the air outlet pipe A, and a plurality of first air holes being opened on a wall of the first air inlet pipe and being connected to the interior of the mixing box; and The second air inlet pipe is spirally arranged in the mixing box, the second air inlet pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe B, and a pipe wall of the second air inlet pipe is provided with a plurality of second air holes connected to the interior of the mixing box.

5. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The head end of the first air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe A, and the rotation axis of the first air inlet pipe is parallel to the up-down direction. The head end of the second air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the air outlet pipe B, and the rotation axis of the second air inlet pipe is parallel to the up-down direction. The rotation direction of the second air inlet pipe is opposite to that of the first air inlet pipe. The mixing unit further includes a power member drivingly connected to the first air intake pipe and the second air intake pipe, and the power member is used to drive the first air intake pipe and the second air intake pipe to rotate.

6. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tail end of the first air inlet pipe is spherically hinged with a first ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a first rolling groove adapted to roll with the first ball; The tail end of the second air inlet pipe is spherically hinged with a second ball, and the inner bottom wall of the mixing box is provided with a second rolling groove adapted for rolling with the second ball.

7. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: An anti-deflection unit is provided at the intersection of the first rolling groove and the second rolling groove; The anti-deflection unit includes: a first anti-deflection plate, disposed in the second rolling groove, the first anti-deflection plate being rotatably connected to the mixing box, the rotation axis of the first anti-deflection plate being parallel to the up-down direction, the curvature of the concave surface of the first anti-deflection plate being the same as the curvature of the first rolling groove, and a first torsion spring being installed at the rotation connection between the first anti-deflection plate and the mixing box; a first adsorption member, provided on the first anti-deflection plate, for adsorbing and fixing the first anti-deflection plate and the inner wall of the second rolling groove; a second anti-deflection plate, disposed in the first rolling groove, the second anti-deflection plate being rotatably connected to the mixing box, the rotation axis of the second anti-deflection plate being parallel to the up-down direction, the curvature of the concave surface of the second anti-deflection plate being the same as the curvature of the second rolling groove, and a second torsion spring being installed at the rotational connection between the second anti-deflection plate and the mixing box; and The second adsorption component is provided on the second anti-deflection plate and is used for adsorbing and fixing the second anti-deflection plate and the inner wall of the first rolling groove.

8. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fuel cell-based hydrogen pressure swing circulation system further includes a detection unit; The detection unit comprises: a detection box, connected to the bottom of the mixing box; a detector, disposed in the detection box, for detecting the hydrogen humidity in the detection box; and The reprocessing component is connected to the detection box and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and is used to increase, decrease or keep the humidity of the hydrogen output from the detection box unchanged.

9. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The reprocessing assembly comprises: A humidification pipe having a humidification inlet and a humidification outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box. A nozzle is installed in the humidification pipe, and the nozzle is connected to the water tank. A first one-way valve is installed at the connection between the humidification outlet and the detection box, and a humidification feed valve is installed at the connection between the humidification inlet and the detection box. a drying pipe having a drying inlet and a drying outlet, both of which are connected to the detection box, a desiccant being provided in the drying pipe, a second one-way valve being installed at the connection between the drying outlet and the detection box, and a drying feed valve being installed at the connection between the drying inlet and the detection box; and A qualified pipe is connected to the detection box and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a qualified feed valve is installed at the connection point between the qualified pipe and the detection box.

10. The hydrogen pressure swing circulation system based on a fuel cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drying feed valve, the humidifying feed valve and the qualified feed valve are all communicatively connected with the detector.

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