Melt structure for battery fusing protection and fuse

Abstract

The invention provides a melt structure for battery fusing protection and a fuse, and relates to the technical field of electrical apparatus elements, the melt structure for battery fusing protection comprises a melt body, the melt body comprises a power connection part, a fusing part, a load part and a temperature compensation part, the power connection part is used for being electrically communicated with a power supply, the load part is used for being electrically communicated with a load, and the fusing part is used for being electrically communicated with the power supply. The power connection part is electrically connected with the load part through the fusing part; the temperature compensation part is used for being electrically connected with an external control circuit, and the external control circuit can control the temperature compensation part to be connected with current so that the temperature compensation part can generate heat. According to the melt structure for battery fusing protection provided by the invention, the safety protection performance of the battery is improved. The invention further provides a fuse comprising the melt structure for battery fusing protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrical components, in particular to a fuse structure and a fuse for battery fusing protection. Background Art

[0002] Battery fuse protection and temperature failure are key issues for the safety and reliability of electric vehicles. Overcurrent / short-circuit protection is the last line of defense for the battery system. When the current is abnormal (such as short circuit or overload), the fuse accumulates its own heat through the loop current, its own resistance and the flow time, which is converted into a temperature rise of the fuse. When the temperature exceeds the melting point of the fuse, it melts, cutting off the circuit and preventing thermal runaway or fire. However, the fuse protection of existing batteries is relatively simple. When the protection fails, it will aggravate thermal runaway, causing the battery to overheat and burn, increasing safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuse structure and a fuse for battery fuse protection, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the safety protection performance of the battery.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a fuse structure for battery fuse protection, comprising a fuse body, wherein the fuse body comprises a power connection part, a fuse part, a load part and a temperature compensation part, wherein the power connection part is used to be electrically connected to a power source, the load part is used to be electrically connected to a load, and the power connection part is electrically connected to the load part through the fuse part; the temperature compensation part is used to be electrically connected to an external control circuit, and the external control circuit can control the temperature compensation part to pass current to make the temperature compensation part heat up.

[0006] Preferably, one end of the temperature compensation part is electrically connected to the load part, and the other end is used to electrically connect to the external control circuit. The external control circuit can be electrically connected to the power supply, and the external control circuit can control its own conduction to make the temperature compensation part, the fuse part, the power supply and the external control circuit electrically conductive.

[0007] Preferably, the fuse part includes at least one fuse element, two ends of which are electrically connected to the power connection part and the load part respectively; the fuse element can be melted when overcurrent occurs to disconnect the power connection part and the load part.

[0008] Preferably, the fuse is made of a first conductive material and is coated with a reaction film. When an overload current flows through the fuse, the reaction film can produce a metallurgical effect with the fuse to cause the fuse to melt.

[0009] Preferably, the temperature compensation part includes a compensation body, one end of the compensation body is electrically connected to the load part, and the other end is used to electrically conduct the external control circuit; the compensation body can generate heat when current is passed through it.

[0010] Preferably, the compensating body is arranged to be bent in a plane, and one end of the compensating body used for electrically conducting the external control circuit is provided with a compensation end, and the compensation end is used for electrically conducting the external control circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the melt body is provided in a sheet shape, and the melt body is formed in one piece.

[0012] Preferably, the melt body is made of conductive material.

[0013] The present invention further provides a fuse, comprising a substrate, a cover, and the above-mentioned fuse structure for battery fuse protection, wherein the fuse structure for battery fuse protection is arranged between the substrate and the cover.

[0014] Preferably, the substrate and the cover are made of insulating material, a plurality of pins are distributed on the circumferential edge of the substrate, and the power connection part, the load part and the temperature compensation part are electrically connected to the power supply, the load and the external control circuit through corresponding pins respectively.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0016] The present invention provides a fuse structure and a fuse for battery fuse protection. When the battery is in normal working state, the battery is electrically connected to the load through the power connection part, the fuse part and the load part in sequence to supply power. When the current in the circuit is abnormal (such as short circuit, overload) and overcurrent occurs, the fuse part accumulates its own heat through the loop current, its own resistance and the flow time to increase its temperature. After the temperature exceeds the melting point of the fuse part, it melts and cuts off the circuit to prevent thermal runaway or fire. When the protection of the fuse part fails and cannot be melted or cannot be melted within the specified time, the temperature compensation part can pass current under the control of the external control circuit to achieve heat and temperature compensation for the fuse part, which helps to quickly increase the temperature of the fuse part, quickly melt it, cut off the circuit, and provide reliable protection for related circuits and components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1A schematic structural diagram of a melt body provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an external control circuit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a fuse provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1-melt body; 11-power connection part; 12-fuse part; 121-fuse body; 13-load part; 14-temperature compensation part; 141-compensation body; 142-compensation end; 2-external control circuit; 3-base plate; 31-pin; 4-cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuse structure and a fuse for battery fuse protection, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the safety protection performance of the battery.

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This embodiment provides a fuse structure for battery fuse protection, see Figure 1 , including a melt body 1, the melt body 1 includes a power connection part 11, a fuse part 12, a load part 13 and a temperature compensation part 14, the power connection part 11 is used to electrically connect to the power supply, the load part 13 is used to electrically connect to the load, and the power connection part 11 is electrically connected to the load part 13 through the fuse part 12; the temperature compensation part 14 is used to electrically connect to the external control circuit 2, and the external control circuit 2 can control the temperature compensation part 14 to pass current to make the temperature compensation part 14 heat up.

[0027] When the battery is in normal working condition, it is electrically connected to the load through the power connection part 11, the fuse part 12 and the load part 13 in sequence to supply power. When the current in the circuit is abnormal, such as short circuit, overload and overcurrent, the fuse part 12 accumulates its own heat through the loop current, its own resistance and the flow time to increase its temperature. When the temperature exceeds the melting point of the fuse part, it melts and cuts off the circuit to prevent thermal runaway or fire; when the protection of the fuse part 12 fails and cannot be melted or cannot be melted within the specified time, the temperature compensation part 14 can pass current under the control of the external control circuit 2 to achieve heat generation and temperature compensation for the fuse part 12, which helps to quickly increase the temperature of the fuse part 12, quickly melt it, cut off the circuit, and provide reliable protection for related circuits and components.

[0028] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that one end of the temperature compensation part 14 is electrically connected to the load part 13, and the other end is used to electrically connect to the external control circuit 2. The external control circuit 2 can be electrically connected to the power supply, and the external control circuit 2 can control its own conduction to make the temperature compensation part 14, the fuse part 12 and the power supply and the external control circuit 2 electrically conductive.

[0029] Among them, the temperature compensation part 14 is electrically connected to the load part 13, and the external control circuit 2 turns on the temperature compensation part 14 and the power supply, i.e., the battery. 50% of the rated current provided by the power supply flows through the temperature compensation part 14, and the fuse part 12 carries the normal working current of the load and also carries 50% of the rated current provided by the power supply flowing through the temperature compensation part 14. The fuse part 12 and the temperature compensation part 14 generate heat at the same time. Under the temperature compensation effect of the temperature compensation part 14, the temperature of the fuse part 12 rises to the melting temperature in a short time, providing reliable protection for related circuits and components; in this way, the problem of traditional battery melting without temperature compensation can be solved under specific conditions, and it has the ability to cut off the circuit faster, which can provide more accurate and timely protection for the protected circuit.

[0030] Among them, the external control circuit 2 adopts a conventional control circuit capable of controlling on and off, such as Figure 2 As shown, the external control circuit 2 can be connected to the central control system of the battery itself. When the battery monitoring system detects a related temperature abnormality, the central control system of the battery itself controls the external control circuit 2 to be turned on, thereby achieving electrical conduction between the temperature compensation unit 14, the fuse unit 12, the power supply, and the external control circuit 2. Figure 2 In the figure, VCC represents the power supply voltage, VSS represents the ground terminal, VDD represents the IC power supply voltage, IGBT1 and IGBT2 are two semiconductor devices, C1 and C2 are capacitors, R1-R4 are four resistors, the IC control module is the central control system of the battery, and the current monitoring module and temperature monitoring module are conventional modules in the existing battery detection system, which will not be described in detail here.

[0031] In an optional solution of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the fuse part 12 includes at least one fuse 121, and the two ends of the fuse 121 are electrically connected to the power connection part 11 and the load part 13 respectively; the fuse 121 can melt when there is an overcurrent to disconnect the power connection part 11 and the load part 13.

[0032] It should be noted that the number of fuses 121 can be set according to actual needs. The fuses 121 are set in a conventional narrow-diameter form. The power connection part 11 and the load part 12 are both set in a similar long strip shape. The fuse part 12 is set on one side in the middle length direction between the power connection part 11 and the load part 12. The fuse part 12 itself is arranged along the width direction. The fuse part 12 can be provided with a square through hole or notch to form two fuses 121 on both sides of the through hole or notch. The cross-sectional area of ​​the fuse 121 is greatly reduced. When the overload current passes through the fuse 121, it will quickly heat up and melt within a certain period of time, cutting off the circuit, providing reliable protection for related circuits and components. The fuse body 1 is configured as a whole to withstand the rated voltage and current, and meet the packaging requirements with the substrate 3 and the cover 4, such as wave soldering and reflow soldering. The corresponding size of the fuse body 1 is specifically determined according to the actual application scenario.

[0033] In the optional solution of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the fuse 121 adopts the first conductive material and is coated with a reaction film. When an overload current flows through the fuse 121, the reaction film can produce a metallurgical effect with the first conductive material to cause the fuse 121 to melt.

[0034] The first conductive material is an oxygen-free copper strip, a silver strip, or a copper-silver composite strip, and the reactive film is a tin film. The fuse 121 is formed with a tin film by tin-enameling. When an overload current passes through the fuse 121, the tin film forms a tin bridge and produces a metallurgical effect with the copper, causing the fuse 121 to melt and cut off the circuit. Moreover, if a short circuit occurs in the circuit system, the short-circuit current passes through the fuse 121, causing it to quickly melt and cut off the circuit.

[0035] In the optional solution of this embodiment, more preferably, the temperature compensation part 14 includes a compensation body 141, one end of the compensation body 141 is electrically connected to the load part 13, and the other end is used to electrically conduct the external control circuit 2; the compensation body 141 can generate heat when current is passed through it.

[0036] The compensating body 141 is configured to generate heat when current is passed through it, so as to compensate the temperature of the fuse 121 under abnormal conditions, thereby increasing the temperature of the fuse portion 12 to the melting temperature in a short time.

[0037] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the compensation body 141 is bent in a plane, and a compensation end 142 is provided at one end of the compensation body 141 for electrically conducting the external control circuit 2 , and the compensation end 142 is used to electrically conduct the external control circuit 2 .

[0038] The compensating body 141 is arranged in a serpentine shape and extends along the middle length direction between the power connection portion 11 and the load portion 12 to maximize the overall length of the compensating body 141. This ensures that the compensating body 141 has a sufficient overall resistance value, which should exceed the resistance value of the fuse 121, so that the compensating body 141 can generate sufficient heat to compensate for the temperature of the fuse 121. Specifically, the compensating body 141 can be formed by providing a plurality of staggered notches or through holes on the basis of the fuse body 1. The provision of the compensating end 142 facilitates electrical connection with the external control circuit 2.

[0039] In the optional solution of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the melt body 1 is configured as a sheet and the melt body 1 is formed in one piece.

[0040] Among them, it is set in a sheet shape to facilitate the overall arrangement and the formation of the fuse part 12 and the temperature compensation part 14, so as to meet the battery fuse protection needs; in addition, the one-piece molding of the melt body 1 can reduce the additional electrical connection operations between the power connection part 11, the fuse part 12, the load part 13 and the temperature compensation part 14, and avoid improper operation resulting in the failure to achieve the corresponding connection. Specifically, the corresponding through holes or gaps can be opened through the etching process.

[0041] In the optional solutions of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the melt body 1 is made of conductive material; specifically, the melt body 1 can be made of oxygen-free copper strip, silver strip or copper-silver composite strip.

[0042] The fuse structure for battery fuse protection provided in this embodiment can solve the problem of the lack of temperature compensation and limitation of the traditional battery fuse 121 under specific conditions. That is, it can prevent the thermal runaway of the battery temperature failure part from spreading to the entire battery pack (such as "heat creep") during battery operation, which may cause a short circuit in the battery and trigger an overcurrent. If the fuse protection fails, the thermal runaway will be aggravated, resulting in overheating and burning of the battery, and even causing a fire, thereby reducing safety hazards. When the monitored temperature of the battery pack reaches the set value, the fuse structure for battery fuse protection provided in this embodiment has the ability to cut off the circuit more quickly, and can provide more accurate and timely protection for the protected circuit.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment provides a fuse, see Figure 3 , including a substrate 3, a cover 4 and a melt structure for battery fuse protection as in Example 1, wherein the melt structure for battery fuse protection is arranged between the substrate 3 and the cover 4.

[0045] Among them, the fuse structure for battery fuse protection is arranged between the substrate 3 and the cover 4 to form a whole, namely a fuse, which is convenient for setting in the circuit; moreover, it can reduce the loss of the temperature compensation amount of the temperature compensation part 14 in the fuse structure for battery fuse protection to the outside world, and perform temperature compensation on the fuse part 12 as much as possible.

[0046] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the substrate 3 and the cover 4 are set to insulating materials, and a plurality of pins 31 are distributed on the circumferential edge of the substrate 3. The power connection part 11, the load part 13 and the temperature compensation part 14 are electrically connected to the power supply, the load and the external control circuit 2 through a corresponding pin 31 respectively.

[0047] Among them, the substrate 3 and the cover 4 are set to insulating materials to avoid leakage; by distributing multiple pins 31 on the circumferential edge of the substrate 3, it is convenient for the power connection part 11, the load part 13 and the temperature compensation part 14 to be electrically connected with the power supply, the load and the external control circuit 2; specifically, the substrate 3 is made of porcelain to reduce heat dissipation; the connection between the power connection part 11, the load part 13 and the temperature compensation part 14 and the corresponding pins 31 is welded by reflow soldering, and the cover 4 is made of PPS injection molding material, which can be set on the melt body 1 by injection molding.

[0048] In this way, the fuse for battery fuse protection provided in this embodiment can solve the problem of limited temperature compensation of the traditional battery fuse 121 under specific conditions, that is, to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery temperature failure part from spreading to the entire battery pack (such as "heat creep") during battery operation, which may cause a short circuit in the battery and trigger overcurrent. If the fuse protection fails, it will aggravate the thermal runaway, causing the battery to overheat and burn, and even cause a fire, thereby reducing safety hazards. When the monitored temperature of the battery pack reaches the set value, the fuse provided in this embodiment has the ability to cut off the circuit more quickly, and can provide more accurate and timely protection for the protected circuit.

[0049] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuse structure for battery fuse protection, characterized by: The invention comprises a melt body (1), wherein the melt body (1) comprises a power connection part (11), a fuse part (12), a load part (13) and a temperature compensation part (14), wherein the power connection part (11) is used for electrically connecting to a power source, the load part (13) is used for electrically connecting to a load, and the power connection part (11) is electrically connected to the load part (13) through the fuse part (12); and the temperature compensation part (14) is used for electrically connecting to an external control circuit (2), and the external control circuit (2) can control the temperature compensation part (14) to pass current so that the temperature compensation part (14) generates heat.

2. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the temperature compensation part (14) is electrically connected to the load part (13), and the other end is used to electrically connect to the external control circuit (2). The external control circuit (2) can be electrically connected to the power supply, and the external control circuit (2) can control itself to be conductive so that the temperature compensation part (14), the fuse part (12), the power supply and the external control circuit (2) are electrically conductive.

3. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuse part (12) comprises at least one fuse (121), with two ends of the fuse (121) electrically connected to the power connection part (11) and the load part (13) respectively; the fuse (121) can be melted when an overload current flows, thereby disconnecting the power connection part (11) and the load part (13).

4. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fuse (121) is made of a first conductive material and is coated with a reaction film. When an overload current flows through the fuse (121), the reaction film can produce a metallurgical effect with the fuse (121) to cause the fuse (121) to melt.

5. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature compensation part (14) includes a compensation body (141), one end of which is electrically connected to the load part (13), and the other end of which is used to electrically conduct the external control circuit (2); the compensation body (141) is capable of generating heat when current is passed through it.

6. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compensating body (141) is arranged in a bent manner in a plane, and one end of the compensating body (141) used for electrically conducting the external control circuit (2) is provided with a compensating end (142), and the compensating end (142) is used for electrically conducting the external control circuit (2).

7. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melt body (1) is configured in a sheet shape, and the melt body (1) is integrally formed.

8. The fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melt body (1) is made of conductive material.

9. A fuse, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate (3), a cover (4) and a fuse structure for battery fuse protection according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fuse structure for battery fuse protection is arranged between the substrate (3) and the cover (4).

10. The fuse according to claim 9, characterized in that: The substrate (3) and the cover (4) are made of insulating materials. A plurality of pins (31) are distributed on the circumferential edge of the substrate (3). The power connection portion (11), the load portion (13) and the temperature compensation portion (14) are electrically connected to the power supply, the load and the external control circuit (2) through a corresponding pin (31).

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