GEO and IGSO orbit cross-satellite measurement and control and communication method

Abstract

The invention relates to a GEO and IGSO orbit cross-satellite measurement and control and communication method, which realizes large-range cooperative work of a GTO orbit networking satellite communication network system through high-speed, efficient and reliable transmission of measurement and control data and service data between GEO and IGSO orbit communication satellites. The typical structure comprises a networking satellite inter-satellite link, inter-satellite laser link equipment, inter-satellite microwave link equipment and inter-satellite measurement and control / service data routing switching equipment. The method is suitable for inter-satellite continuous measurement and control and communication scheme design of synchronous orbit networking satellites, realizes routing exchange and efficient elastic transmission of multi-source inter-satellite data, has laser high-speed inter-satellite data transmission capability, and is adjustable in grading according to a laser link connection state and inter-satellite data transmission rate; and meanwhile, basic data transmission between satellites is realized by adopting a microwave inter-satellite link, and the continuity of the inter-satellite data transmission is ensured, so that the working reliability of the inter-satellite link is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a GEO and IGSO orbit inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method, and to the technical field of communication satellite transponder systems. Background Art

[0002] Satellite communications are evolving towards a network-based system, achieving global coverage. Communication satellites in geosynchronous orbit offer extensive coverage, with three satellites sufficient for global coverage. To further enhance coverage in high-latitude regions, a multi-layered approach combining IGSO and GEO communication satellites is commonly employed. The IGSO satellites' operating cycle matches the Earth's rotational period, enhancing communication coverage in high-latitude regions. GEO satellites are located above the Earth's equator, maintaining a fixed position relative to the ground.

[0003] Multiple geosynchronous orbit satellites provide global coverage, and their fixed locations are also distributed across the Earth. Some satellites are located in locations invisible to the mainland, while others are over the ocean, creating significant challenges for satellite tracking and control, as well as the transmission of operational data. Intersatellite links (ISLs) connect different geosynchronous orbit satellites, enabling inter-satellite tracking and control, as well as relaying operational data, for local landing or transmission back to mainland China. This significantly improves satellite tracking and control capabilities, as well as the ability to support communications data.

[0004] The visibility time between synchronous orbit communication satellites is long and the amount of data transmitted is large, so the inter-satellite links between satellites require large data transmission capacity, long duration and high reliability.

[0005] Intersatellite link technology is widely used between satellites in high, medium, and low orbits, and has distinct characteristics. Laser intersatellite links offer high transmission rates, but are susceptible to factors such as satellite platform micro-vibrations and solar eclipses. Microwave intersatellite links have wider beams, lower data transmission rates, and higher reliability.

[0006] "Intersatellite Link Optimization Method and System", publication number (patent number) CN109661014A, this patent relates to an intersatellite link optimization method in the aerospace field, including four steps: satellite orbit calculation, satellite visibility judgment, intersatellite transmission rate calculation, and optimal path selection, which is different from the research content of the present invention.

[0007] "An intersatellite link mesh routing system based on CCSDS specification", publication number (patent number) CN113300756B, this patent discloses an intersatellite link mesh routing system based on CCSDS specification, the data bus adopts a full mesh structure, which is different from the research content of this invention.

[0008] "An Intersatellite Link Communication Method for Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation", Publication No. (Patent No.)

[0009] CN106254019B, this patent proposes an inter-satellite link communication method for a low-orbit satellite constellation. The inter-satellite link adopts the TDD communication mode, and the synchronization mechanism and timing requirements are simpler. At the same time, the amount of synchronization window search calculation is greatly reduced, the real-time performance is high, and the spectrum resources are less occupied. It is different from the research content of the present invention.

[0010] "An intersatellite communication system and method based on formation satellites", publication number (patent number) CN109951222B, this patent relates to an intersatellite communication system and method based on formation satellites, the system includes a communication antenna array dedicated to omnidirectional signal reception and transmission, an intersatellite link terminal dedicated to multi-channel search / capture / tracking, a processor dedicated to intersatellite data reception and transmission and screening, a radio frequency channel, an intersatellite link management unit and an intersatellite baseband, which is different from the research content of the present invention.

[0011] "High-speed signal timing synchronization and precision measurement method based on laser inter-satellite link", publication number (patent number) CN117856906A. This patent is based on the characteristics of inter-satellite links, and targets the high-speed sampling requirements, parallel processing requirements and the integration of laser communication algorithms and precision ranging algorithms in laser inter-satellite link high-speed communication and precision ranging systems. It combines laser communication and ranging technologies, adopts a fully digital parallel processing architecture, combines high-speed signal timing synchronization with precision measurement, and realizes the integrated design of communication ranging algorithms based on laser inter-satellite links and high-speed signal multi-channel parallel precision ranging. The research content is different from the present invention.

[0012] "A Laser-Microwave Hybrid Intersatellite Link System," patented under publication number CN115396006B, builds a laser-microwave hybrid intersatellite link, combining the advantages of both links. Low-speed data is transmitted via the microwave intersatellite link, while high-speed data transmission is achieved through the microwave link, which guides laser-assisted alignment. This shortens laser capture time and enables efficient link mode switching. This intersatellite link primarily studies how microwave links can assist in laser capture, and describes the reliability of microwave links for low-speed data transmission. This research differs from the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, to meet the satellite control and business operation needs of the globally distributed network, and to provide a GEO and IGSO orbit inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method. By establishing inter-satellite links between communication satellites to carry out measurement, control and communication business transmission, the domestic communication gateway station can realize the business operation and management functions of the entire satellite communication network.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0015] A method for inter-satellite measurement, control, and communication in GEO and IGSO orbits, which establishes a laser + microwave composite inter-satellite link between synchronous orbit satellites to achieve direct inter-satellite communication or inter-satellite communication, providing inter-satellite laser high-speed communication measurement and control capabilities and inter-satellite microwave basic measurement and control capabilities; the laser + microwave composite inter-satellite link includes an inter-satellite laser link and an inter-satellite microwave link;

[0016] Inter-satellite tracking and control data are transmitted through inter-satellite laser links or inter-satellite microwave links. When the inter-satellite laser link is in good condition, the inter-satellite laser link is used to transmit inter-satellite tracking and control data. The inter-satellite laser link supports multiple transmission rates from high to low. The inter-satellite microwave link provides basic inter-satellite tracking and control capabilities. That is, when the inter-satellite laser link is unstable or interrupted, the inter-satellite microwave link is used to ensure basic inter-satellite tracking and control data transmission between geostationary orbit satellites.

[0017] Furthermore, the basic inter-satellite measurement and control data transmission refers to: satellite attitude and orbit data, telemetry data of key equipment working status, position protection and equipment control instructions required for normal satellite operation, and business management and control data.

[0018] Furthermore, the synchronous orbit satellites include GEO and IGSO orbit satellites. The synchronous orbit satellites visible to the country communicate with the ground station through satellite-to-ground links, and the synchronous orbit satellites invisible to the country communicate with each other through laser + microwave composite inter-satellite links.

[0019] Furthermore, a laser + microwave composite intersatellite link is established between the geostationary orbit satellites, which is achieved by setting up an intersatellite link subsystem on the geostationary orbit satellite. The intersatellite link subsystem has the ability to simultaneously establish two east and west intersatellite links, including: intersatellite laser link equipment, intersatellite microwave link equipment, routing and switching equipment, and intersatellite pointing controller;

[0020] Intersatellite laser link equipment includes an optical head and optical processor, and intersatellite microwave link equipment includes an intersatellite antenna and intersatellite transceiver equipment;

[0021] The intersatellite pointing controller controls the optical head and intersatellite antenna to capture and track other satellites, and the routing switching equipment controls the flow of intersatellite communication and measurement and control data, including the data path of the local satellite, the data path of other satellites, or the satellite-to-ground data path.

[0022] Furthermore, the optical processor has a maximum transmission and receiving information rate of 100Gbps and supports multiple transmission rate modes. Within the maximum transmission rate range, the intersatellite transmission rate is reduced by 1 / 2 of the current rate, or increased by 2 times the current rate. The optical processor adjusts the communication rate according to the intersatellite laser link status to fully and stably exert the transmission capacity of the laser intersatellite link. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the gear is increased for communication transmission; as the link status decreases, the gear is gradually decreased for communication transmission.

[0023] Furthermore, the high-speed data communication port between the optical processor and the routing switching equipment adopts flow control technology. Specifically, the receiving end sets a receiving buffer. When the data traffic of the service data interface is too large, it sends flow control frames according to the alarm threshold to reduce the sending rate of the sending end, thereby realizing interface data speed reduction control; by reducing the interface transmission rate, it ensures that the data transmission rate of the high-speed data communication port matches the inter-satellite transmission rate, avoiding the loss of important data.

[0024] Furthermore, intersatellite communication and measurement and control information are sorted according to their importance, and multi-level priorities are set for intersatellite transmission information. Important user communication data, networking information, and basic intersatellite measurement and control data are set at high priority, while routine communication data is set at low priority. The routine communication data refers to delay-insensitive business data, including video records, images, and emails transmitted across satellites.

[0025] The routing and switching processor adapts to the inter-satellite transmission rate and queues the inter-satellite communication data and measurement and control data for transmission according to their priority. When the inter-satellite transmission rate drops, high-priority data is transmitted first, ensuring the normal operation of the satellite constellation and the QoS experience of important users to the greatest extent possible.

[0026] Furthermore, the maximum information transmission rate of the intersatellite laser link is 100Gbps, supporting multiple transmission rate modes.

[0027] Furthermore, inter-satellite tracking and control data are transmitted through inter-satellite laser links and inter-satellite microwave links respectively, and the inter-satellite tracking and control data are restored and de-redundant processed at the receiving end to ensure the inter-satellite tracking and control data transmission capability to the greatest extent.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0029] (1) Intersatellite communication measurement and control data can be transmitted through intersatellite laser links or intersatellite microwave links. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the laser intersatellite link is used for high-speed intersatellite communication measurement and control data transmission. The intersatellite microwave link provides basic intersatellite measurement and control capabilities, and ensures the basic intersatellite measurement and control transmission capabilities between synchronous orbit satellites when the laser intersatellite link is unstable or interrupted. The present invention adopts a composite solution of intersatellite laser link + intersatellite microwave link, which realizes high-speed intersatellite communication transmission and at the same time maximizes the continuity and reliability of the intersatellite measurement and control link.

[0030] (2) The present invention employs a technology for adjustable communication rates in intersatellite high-speed laser links. The intersatellite communication rate is adjusted based on the laser link status to fully and stably utilize the transmission capacity of the laser intersatellite link. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, a high rate is used for communication transmission. As the link condition deteriorates, a lower rate is gradually used for communication transmission.

[0031] (3) The high-speed data communication port of the present invention employs flow control technology. When the laser link transmission rate decreases, the high-speed data communication interface triggers the flow control mechanism, notifying the communication switching device to reduce the transmission data communication rate to reduce communication data loss. When the laser link transmission rate increases, the high-speed data communication interface exits the flow control mechanism, and the communication switching device increases the transmission data communication rate to serve more users.

[0032] (4) The present invention adapts to the operational requirements of satellite constellations by prioritizing intersatellite communication data and measurement and control data according to their importance. In any intersatellite link connectivity state, high-priority intersatellite data is transmitted across satellites first, maximizing the stability of the constellation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of inter-satellite tracking, control and communication implementation for geostationary satellites;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the implementation of intersatellite laser + microwave link between synchronous orbit satellites;

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of satellite-borne laser + microwave composite intersatellite link related equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] In the global networked satellite communication system, in order to meet the satellite control and business operation needs of the globally distributed network, inter-satellite links are established between communication satellites to carry out measurement and control and communication business transmission, so as to realize the business operation and management functions of the entire satellite communication network by domestic gateway stations.

[0038] Geosynchronous orbit communication satellites are generally large communication satellites with long visibility time between satellites and large communication traffic. The inter-satellite links between satellites are required to have large data transmission capacity, long duration and high reliability.

[0039] The space segment of the geostationary global satellite communications network is distributed globally. Ground-based tracking and control of these satellites requires the establishment of tracking and control stations worldwide, which is costly and sometimes even impossible due to political and economic factors. Inter-satellite communication between users requires transmission between multiple satellites. If communication is relayed through ground stations, the implementation is complex, the communication capacity is limited, and the transmission time is prolonged.

[0040] Laser or microwave links can be used between satellites. Laser intersatellite links have high transmission rates, but are susceptible to factors such as satellite platform micro-vibration and solar eclipses. Microwave intersatellite links have wider beams and lower data rates, but offer higher reliability. Establishing intersatellite links between satellites in geostationary orbits, through direct communication between satellites or intersatellite communication, can effectively implement tracking and control of satellites distributed over a large area, as well as intersatellite communication within a constellation.

[0041] The schematic diagram of inter-satellite measurement, control and communication implementation of the space segment of the synchronous orbit global satellite communication network is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, geostationary orbit satellites include GEO and IGSO orbit satellites. The GEO-01 satellite's territory is visible in the figure, while the GEO-02 and IGSO satellites' territories are not. GEO-01's tracking, control, and communication functions are achieved through GEO-01's own satellite-to-ground link. GEO-02's tracking, control, and communication functions are achieved by connecting to GEO-01 via the intersatellite link between GEO-02 and GEO-01. IGSO satellites' tracking, control, and communication functions are achieved by connecting to GEO-02 via the intersatellite link between IGSO and GEO-02. GEO-01 forwards tracking, control, and communication data from GEO-02 and IGSO satellites. GEO-02 forwards tracking, control, and communication data from IGSO satellites.

[0042] In order to improve the transmission capacity of intersatellite communication data and have stronger communication capability, the present invention establishes a laser + microwave composite intersatellite link between synchronous orbit satellites, such as Figure 2As shown, it provides both high-speed intersatellite laser communication and tracking capabilities, as well as basic intersatellite microwave tracking and tracking capabilities. Intersatellite tracking and tracking data can be transmitted via either intersatellite laser links or intersatellite microwave links. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the laser intersatellite link is used for high-speed intersatellite communication and tracking data transmission. The intersatellite laser link supports multiple transmission rates, from high to low, to fully and stably utilize the transmission capacity of the laser intersatellite link. The intersatellite microwave link provides basic intersatellite tracking and tracking capabilities, ensuring basic intersatellite tracking and tracking data transmission between geostationary orbit satellites in the event of instability or interruption of the laser intersatellite link.

[0043] The basic inter-satellite measurement and control data transmission refers to: satellite attitude and orbit data, telemetry data of key equipment working status, position protection and equipment control instructions required for normal satellite operation, and a small amount of business management and control data.

[0044] The establishment of laser + microwave composite intersatellite links between synchronous orbit satellites is achieved by installing an intersatellite link subsystem on the synchronous orbit satellite. The satellite-borne laser + microwave composite intersatellite link subsystem has the ability to establish two east / west intersatellite links at the same time. The components include: east / west intersatellite laser link equipment, east / west intersatellite microwave link equipment, intersatellite measurement and control / service data routing and switching equipment, and intersatellite pointing controller. The system composition diagram is shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, intersatellite laser link equipment primarily includes an optical head and optical processor. Intersatellite microwave link equipment primarily includes an intersatellite antenna and intersatellite transceiver. The intersatellite pointing controller controls the acquisition and tracking functions of the optical head and intersatellite antenna. Intersatellite TT&C / service data routing and switching equipment directs the flow of intersatellite communication TT&C data, including data paths between the local satellite, other satellites, or between the satellite and the Earth.

[0045] The optical processor has a maximum transmit and receive data rate of 100 Gbps and supports multiple transmission rate modes. Within the maximum transmission rate range, the intersatellite transmission rate is reduced by half the current rate or increased by double the current rate. The communication rate is adjusted based on the intersatellite laser link status to fully and stably utilize the transmission capacity of the intersatellite laser link. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the transmission rate is increased. As the link condition deteriorates, the transmission rate is gradually reduced.

[0046] The high-speed data communication port between the optical processor and the routing and switching processor utilizes flow control technology. A receive buffer is set up on the receiving end. When data traffic on the service data interface is excessive, flow control frames are sent according to the alarm threshold. This flow control mechanism reduces the sender's transmission rate, achieving interface data deceleration control. By reducing the interface transmission rate, the data transmission rate of the high-speed data communication port matches the intersatellite transmission rate, preventing the loss of important data.

[0047] Intersatellite communication and TT&C information are prioritized by importance, with multi-level priorities assigned to intersatellite transmissions. Important user communication data, networking information, and basic TT&C information are prioritized, while routine communication data is prioritized. The routing and switching processor adapts to intersatellite transmission rates and queues intersatellite communication and TT&C data for transmission based on priority. If the intersatellite transmission rate decreases, high-priority data is transmitted first, ensuring the normal operation of the satellite constellation and the QoS experience for important users.

[0048] Inter-satellite tracking and control data are transmitted through inter-satellite laser and microwave links respectively, and the inter-satellite tracking and control data are restored and de-redundant processed at the receiving end to ensure the inter-satellite tracking and control data transmission capability to the greatest extent.

[0049] Through these measures, a laser + microwave hybrid intersatellite link has been established between satellites, increasing both transmission capacity and robustness. Intersatellite data transmission is divided into different rate tiers, while flow control technology is employed on the intrasatellite high-speed data interface to enhance transmission efficiency and flexibility, maximizing the user experience. Prioritization of intersatellite data transmission ensures the reliable transmission of critical data.

[0050] Example:

[0051] The schematic diagram of inter-satellite measurement, control and communication implementation of the space segment of the synchronous orbit global satellite communication network is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the GEO-01 satellite's territory is visible, while the GEO-02 and IGSO satellite territories are not. GEO-01's tracking, control, and communication functions are performed via GEO-01's own satellite-to-ground link. GEO-02's tracking, control, and communication functions are performed by connecting to GEO-01 via the intersatellite link between GEO-02 and GEO-01. IGSO satellites' tracking, control, and communication functions are performed by connecting to GEO-02 via the intersatellite link between IGSO and GEO-02. GEO-01 forwards tracking, control, and communication data from GEO-02 and IGSO satellites. GEO-02 forwards tracking, control, and communication data from IGSO satellites.

[0052] In order to improve the transmission capacity of inter-satellite communication data and have stronger communication capabilities, a laser + microwave composite inter-satellite link is established between synchronous orbit satellites, such as Figure 2As shown, it provides both high-speed intersatellite laser communication and tracking capabilities, as well as basic intersatellite microwave tracking and tracking capabilities. Intersatellite tracking and tracking data can be transmitted via either intersatellite laser links or intersatellite microwave links. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the laser intersatellite link is used for high-speed intersatellite communication and tracking data transmission. The intersatellite laser link supports multiple transmission rates, from high to low, to fully and stably utilize the transmission capacity of the laser intersatellite link. The intersatellite microwave link provides basic intersatellite tracking and tracking capabilities, ensuring basic intersatellite tracking and tracking data transmission between geostationary orbit satellites in the event of instability or interruption of the laser intersatellite link.

[0053] The satellite-borne laser + microwave composite intersatellite link subsystem has the ability to establish two east / west intersatellite links at the same time. Its components include: east / west intersatellite laser link equipment, east / west intersatellite microwave link equipment, and intersatellite measurement and control / service data routing and switching equipment. The system composition diagram is shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, intersatellite laser link equipment mainly includes: optical head and optical processor. Intersatellite microwave link equipment mainly includes: intersatellite antenna and intersatellite transceiver equipment.

[0054] The intersatellite pointing controller uses its own satellite's attitude and orbit control information and other satellite's ephemeris data, following a pointing algorithm, to control its own satellite's optical head and intersatellite antenna to capture and track the other satellite's optical head and intersatellite antenna. The western optical head and intersatellite antenna establish a westbound intersatellite link, while the eastern optical head and intersatellite antenna establish an eastbound intersatellite link.

[0055] The optical processor implements the reception and transmission of intersatellite optical signals and the intersatellite data transmission and reception between the routing and switching processors. The specific details are as follows:

[0056] The optical processor receiving part performs digital demodulation, decoding and other processing on the satellite signal light received by the optical head after coherent detection. The generated inter-satellite communication data is output to the routing switching processor through the high-speed data interface, and the generated inter-satellite measurement and control data is output to the routing switching processor through the RS422 interface.

[0057] The optical processor's transmitter section transmits intersatellite information, receiving intersatellite communication data from the routing and switching processor via a high-speed data interface and intersatellite measurement and control data from the routing and switching processor via an RS422 interface. The optical processor frames, encodes, and modulates intersatellite communication and measurement and control data destined for other satellites, and then transmits the data to the optical head via an optical amplifier for transmission.

[0058] The optical processor has a maximum transmit and receive rate of 100 Gbps and supports multiple transmission rate modes. Within the maximum transmission rate range, the intersatellite transmission rate is reduced by half the current rate or increased by double the current rate. The communication rate is adjusted based on the intersatellite laser link status to fully and stably utilize the transmission capacity of the intersatellite laser link. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the transmission rate is increased. As the link condition deteriorates, the transmission rate is gradually reduced.

[0059] The high-speed data communication port between the optical processor and the routing and switching processor utilizes flow control technology. A receive buffer is set up on the receiving end. When data traffic on the service data interface is excessive, flow control frames are sent according to the alarm threshold. This flow control mechanism reduces the sender's transmission rate, achieving interface data deceleration control. By reducing the interface transmission rate, the data transmission rate of the high-speed data communication port matches the intersatellite transmission rate, preventing the loss of important data.

[0060] The inter-satellite measurement and control / service data routing and switching equipment is shared with the network control subsystem to realize the flow of inter-satellite communication measurement and control data, including the data path of the local satellite, the data path of other satellites or the satellite-to-ground data path.

[0061] Intersatellite communication and TT&C information are prioritized by importance, with multi-level priorities assigned to intersatellite transmissions. Important user communication data, networking information, and basic TT&C information are prioritized, while routine communication data is prioritized. The routing and switching processor adapts to intersatellite transmission rates and queues intersatellite communication and TT&C data for transmission based on priority. If the intersatellite transmission rate decreases, high-priority data is transmitted first, ensuring the normal operation of the satellite constellation and the QoS experience for important users.

[0062] Inter-satellite tracking and control data are transmitted through inter-satellite laser and microwave links respectively, and the inter-satellite tracking and control data are restored and de-redundant processed at the receiving end to ensure the inter-satellite tracking and control data transmission capability to the greatest extent.

[0063] Parts of the present invention that are not described in detail belong to common knowledge among those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method, characterized by: By establishing laser + microwave composite intersatellite links between synchronous orbit satellites, direct intersatellite communication or intersatellite communication is achieved, providing intersatellite laser high-speed communication measurement and control capabilities and intersatellite microwave basic measurement and control capabilities; laser + microwave composite intersatellite links include intersatellite laser links and intersatellite microwave links; Inter-satellite tracking and control data are transmitted through inter-satellite laser links or inter-satellite microwave links. When the inter-satellite laser link is in good condition, the inter-satellite laser link is used to transmit inter-satellite tracking and control data. The inter-satellite laser link supports multiple transmission rates from high to low. The inter-satellite microwave link provides basic inter-satellite tracking and control capabilities. That is, when the inter-satellite laser link is unstable or interrupted, the inter-satellite microwave link is used to ensure basic inter-satellite tracking and control data transmission between geostationary orbit satellites.

2. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic inter-satellite measurement and control data transmission refers to: satellite attitude and orbit data, key equipment working status telemetry data, position protection and equipment control instructions required for normal satellite operation, and business management and control data.

3. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous orbit satellites include GEO and IGSO orbit satellites. The synchronous orbit satellites visible to the country communicate with ground stations through satellite-to-ground links, and the synchronous orbit satellites invisible to the country communicate between satellites through laser + microwave composite inter-satellite links.

4. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Laser + microwave composite intersatellite links are established between geostationary orbit satellites. This is achieved by installing an intersatellite link subsystem on the geostationary orbit satellite. The intersatellite link subsystem has the ability to simultaneously establish two intersatellite links, one east and one west, and includes: intersatellite laser link equipment, intersatellite microwave link equipment, routing and switching equipment, and an intersatellite pointing controller. Intersatellite laser link equipment includes an optical head and optical processor, and intersatellite microwave link equipment includes an intersatellite antenna and intersatellite transceiver equipment; The intersatellite pointing controller controls the optical head and intersatellite antenna to capture and track other satellites, and the routing switching equipment controls the flow of intersatellite communication and measurement and control data, including the data path of the local satellite, the data path of other satellites, or the satellite-to-ground data path.

5. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The optical processor has a maximum transmission and receiving information rate of 100Gbps and supports multiple transmission rate modes. Within the maximum transmission rate range, the intersatellite transmission rate is reduced by 1 / 2 of the current rate, or increased by 2 times the current rate. The optical processor adjusts the communication rate based on the intersatellite laser link status to fully and stably utilize the transmission capacity of the laser intersatellite link. When the intersatellite laser link is in good condition, the gear is increased for communication transmission; as the link status decreases, the gear is gradually decreased for communication transmission.

6. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-speed data communication port between the optical processor and the routing switching equipment uses flow control technology. Specifically, the receiving end sets a receiving buffer. When the data traffic on the service data interface is too large, it sends flow control frames according to the alarm threshold to reduce the sending rate of the sending end, thereby achieving interface data speed reduction control. By reducing the interface transmission rate, it ensures that the data transmission rate of the high-speed data communication port matches the inter-satellite transmission rate, avoiding the loss of important data.

7. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Intersatellite communication and measurement and control information are sorted according to their importance, and multi-level priorities are set for intersatellite transmission information. Important user communication data, networking information, and basic intersatellite measurement and control data are set at high priority, while routine communication data is set at low priority. The routine communication data refers to delay-insensitive business data, including video records, images, and emails transmitted across satellites. The routing and switching processor adapts to the inter-satellite transmission rate and queues and transmits inter-satellite communication data and measurement and control data according to their priority. When the inter-satellite transmission rate decreases, high-priority data is transmitted first, ensuring the normal operation of the satellite constellation and the QoS experience of important users to the greatest extent.

8. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum information transmission rate of the intersatellite laser link is 100Gbps, and it supports multiple transmission rate modes.

9. The GEO and IGSO inter-satellite measurement, control and communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Inter-satellite tracking and control data are transmitted through inter-satellite laser links and inter-satellite microwave links respectively, and the inter-satellite tracking and control data are restored and de-redundant processed at the receiving end to ensure the inter-satellite tracking and control data transmission capability to the greatest extent.

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