Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of battery pieces and interconnecting pieces, the plurality of battery pieces are arranged along a first direction, the interconnecting pieces are arranged on the battery pieces and electrically connected with the adjacent battery pieces, a plurality of conductive connecting layers which are arranged at intervals are arranged between one interconnecting piece and each battery piece, and the interconnecting pieces are electrically connected with the battery pieces through the conductive connecting layers; and a gap is formed between the two adjacent conductive connecting layers and at least part of the position between the interconnection piece and the battery piece. Therefore, stray light can irradiate into the gap and is reflected by the surface of the battery piece and the surface of the interconnection piece for multiple times to generate resonance enhancement, so that the stray light can be absorbed and utilized by the battery piece, and the light absorption rate of the battery piece can be increased. Besides, the photovoltaic module structure can be realized only by optimizing a local structure in the photovoltaic module based on an existing process, new equipment and new materials do not need to be introduced, and the product cost is not increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are the core components of photovoltaic power generation systems. Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. During the power generation process of photovoltaic modules, only part of the sunlight is absorbed and converted by the cells in the module, and some sunlight will pass through the gaps between the cells or be scattered or reflected in other forms and cannot be effectively utilized.

[0003] Related technologies employ reflective strips placed between cells in modules to guide light passing through the gaps back toward the cells, thereby enhancing light management efficiency. However, installing reflective strips not only increases manufacturing costs but can also cause hidden cracks in the cells, impacting module yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application aims to provide a photovoltaic module that can solve the problem in the related art that enhancing light management efficiency by setting reflective strips will increase manufacturing costs and easily cause hidden cracks in the solar cells.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a plurality of cells and interconnects; The plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction, and the interconnecting member is provided on the battery cells and electrically connects adjacent battery cells. A plurality of conductive connection layers arranged at intervals are provided between one of the interconnecting members and the battery cell, and the interconnecting member is electrically connected to the battery cell through the conductive connection layers; and a gap is provided between the interconnecting member and the battery cell at least partially between two adjacent conductive connection layers.

[0006] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the height of the gap is less than or equal to 100 μm and greater than or equal to 0 μm; Alternatively, the height of the gap ranges from 0.36 μm to 89.3 μm.

[0007] Optionally, the height L of the gap satisfies the following formula:

[0008] Wherein, n is the refractive index of the medium in the gap, m is a positive integer, λ1 is the wavelength of light that can be utilized by the cell entering the gap, and Δλ is the minimum interval between adjacent resonance modes.

[0009] Optionally, along the extension direction of the interconnection member, the gap has at least a first position and a second position, and the height of the gap at the first position is greater than the height at the second position; And / or, the height difference between the gap at the first position and the gap at the second position is: 0.1 μm-88 μm; And / or, there are height differences at at least three locations within one of the gaps.

[0010] Optionally, along the extension direction of the interconnection member, a plurality of the conductive connection layers are arranged at intervals between the interconnection member and the battery cell; a gap is provided between two adjacent conductive connection layers, and at least two gaps are provided under one interconnection member; And / or, between some adjacent conductive connection layers, the interconnection member is in partial contact with the battery cell.

[0011] Optionally, an insulating layer is further provided between the interconnection member and the battery cell, and the battery cell, the interconnection member, the conductive connection layer and the insulating layer form the gap.

[0012] Optionally, the insulating layer fills at least a portion of the gap between the interconnection member and the battery cell, or the insulating layer is disposed on a side surface of the interconnection member.

[0013] Optionally, a surface of the interconnecting member facing the gap has a concave-convex structure; And / or, a surface of the battery cell facing the gap has a concave-convex structure.

[0014] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the battery cell, a height difference between a highest point and a lowest point in the concave-convex structure is in the range of 0.05 μm to 10 μm.

[0015] Optionally, a surface of the interconnection member facing the gap has protruding tin particles; And / or, a surface of the battery cell facing the gap has a velvet structure.

[0016] Optionally, a surface of the conductive connection layer facing the gap has a concave-convex structure.

[0017] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly includes at least one of the following conditions: A. Along the extension direction of the interconnection member, a plurality of spaced-apart gaps are formed between the same interconnection member and the battery cell, and at least two of the gaps have unequal heights; B. A plurality of interconnecting members are provided on the battery cell, the plurality of interconnecting members including a first interconnecting member and a second interconnecting member, a gap formed between the first interconnecting member and the battery cell corresponding to the first gap, a gap formed between the second interconnecting member and the battery cell corresponding to the second gap, and the first gap and the second gap have different heights; C. The plurality of battery cells include a first battery cell and a second battery cell, the gap formed on the first battery cell is a third gap, the gap formed on the second battery cell is a fourth gap, and the heights of the third gap and the fourth gap are not equal.

[0018] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes a packaging adhesive layer; at least a portion of the gap is filled with the packaging adhesive layer; And / or, the encapsulation adhesive layer is provided between the side surface of the interconnection member and the battery cell.

[0019] Optionally, the refractive index of the encapsulation adhesive layer is: 1.4-1.5; And / or, the height of the packaging adhesive layer located in the gap is: 0.5 μm-100 μm.

[0020] Optionally, at least one side of the conductive connection layer along the first direction has a first inclined surface; And / or, the conductive connection layer has a second inclined surface on at least one side along a second direction, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

[0021] Optionally, a first angle is formed between the first inclined surface and the surface of the battery cell, a second angle is formed between the second inclined surface and the surface of the battery cell, and the first angle is not equal to the second angle; and / or, the surface roughness of the first inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm; And / or, the surface roughness of the second inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm.

[0022] Optionally, an electrode is provided on the battery cell at a position corresponding to the gap, and the electrode protrudes from the surface of the battery cell.

[0023] Optionally, the height of the electrode protruding from the surface of the battery cell is 2 μm-35 μm.

[0024] Optionally, the interconnection member is a flat solder strip; and / or, the width of the interconnection member is greater than the thickness of the interconnection member; And / or, the width of the interconnection member is 0.2 mm to 1 mm, and the thickness of the interconnection member is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0025] Optionally, an electrode is provided on the back side of the cell, or electrodes are provided on both the front side and the back side of the cell, and the interconnection member is electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive connection layer; And / or, the photovoltaic module is a double-sided glass photovoltaic module.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic system comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic modules, wherein the photovoltaic modules are the photovoltaic modules described in the first aspect.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present application, an interconnection is provided on the surface of the cell to electrically connect adjacent cells using the interconnection, thereby connecting the cells to form a string. A conductive connection layer is provided between the interconnection and the cell, and the interconnection is electrically connected to the cell through the conductive connection layer. At the same time, a gap exists between the interconnection and the cell in at least a portion of the area. In this way, an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap, so that stray light can be irradiated into the gap and reflected multiple times by the cell surface and the interconnection surface, generating resonance enhancement so that it can be absorbed and utilized by the cell, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the cell and improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the photovoltaic module structure of the present application can be achieved by optimizing the local structure of the photovoltaic module based on existing processes, without introducing new equipment and new materials, and without increasing product costs.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical cavity effect formed in a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the interconnection member and the battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is one of the side cross-sectional views of a photovoltaic module at a conductive connection layer according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a second side cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module at the conductive connection layer according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the interconnection member and the battery cell along its extension direction according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6is a cross-sectional view of a structure of an interconnection element according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is one of the cross-sectional views of the photovoltaic module at the connection between the interconnector and the cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a second cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module at the connection between the interconnector and the solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 3 is a graph showing the resonant wavelength distribution of photovoltaic modules at different gap heights according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Reference numerals: 10: Battery cell; 10a: First battery cell; 10b: Second battery cell; 11: Gap; a: First position; b: Second position; L: Gap height; 20: Interconnection; 20a: First interconnection; 20b: Second interconnection; 201: Concave-convex structure; 30: Conductive connection layer; 301: First inclined plane; 302: Second inclined plane; A1: First angle; A2: Second angle; 40: Encapsulation adhesive layer; 50: Electrode; X: First direction; Y: Second direction; Z: Third direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly refer to one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected entities, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected entities.

[0033] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] Before introducing the photovoltaic modules provided in the embodiments of the present application, the application scenarios of the photovoltaic modules are described first: In photovoltaic power generation systems, the actual power generation of photovoltaic modules is affected by various types of light: on the one hand, a large amount of sunlight directly hits the front of the photovoltaic module, and on the other hand, sunlight is reflected by the ground and hits the back of the photovoltaic module. In addition, due to the spacing between the panels and strings on the front of the photovoltaic module, some front-facing light passes through the gaps and is not directly absorbed by the module. Generally, light that does not directly hit the front or back of the photovoltaic module is uniformly defined as module stray light. Efficiently utilizing stray light that passes through and resides within the module is crucial to improving the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0036] Related technologies utilize interstitial light by adding reflective strips to corresponding gaps in photovoltaic modules, directing light passing through the gaps to reflect back onto the cells, thereby enhancing light management efficiency and increasing module power. However, the introduction of reflective strips significantly increases the risk of hidden cracks in the module manufacturing process, affecting product yield. It also requires the introduction of new processing equipment, increasing module costs.

[0037] Effective utilization of ground-reflected light is primarily achieved by reducing obstruction on the back of the module, such as by reducing the width of solder strips and grid lines. However, these measures require a balance between electrical transmission performance and optical exposure area, and the actual results are not ideal.

[0038] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. The photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below through specific embodiments and application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, according to some embodiments of the present application, the photovoltaic module includes: a plurality of battery cells 10 and an interconnector 20; the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged along a first direction X, the interconnector 20 is provided on the battery cell 10 and electrically connects adjacent battery cells 10, a plurality of conductive connection layers 30 arranged at intervals are provided between an interconnector 20 and a battery cell 10, and the interconnector 20 is electrically connected to the battery cell 10 through the conductive connection layer 30; at a position between two adjacent conductive connection layers 30, there is a gap 11 between the interconnector 20 and the battery cell 10 at least in part.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, an interconnecting member 20 is provided on the surface of the cell 10 to electrically connect adjacent cells 10 using the interconnecting member 20, thereby connecting the cells 10 to form a string. A conductive connection layer 30 is provided between the interconnecting member 20 and the cell 10, and the interconnecting member 20 is electrically connected to the cell 10 through the conductive connection layer 30. At the same time, a gap 11 exists between the interconnecting member 20 and the cell 10 in at least a portion of the area. In this way, an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap 11, allowing stray light to be irradiated into the gap 11 and reflected multiple times by the surface of the cell 10 and the surface of the interconnecting member 20, generating resonance enhancement so that it can be absorbed and utilized by the cell 10, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the cell 10 and improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the photovoltaic module structure of the present application can be achieved by optimizing the local structure of the photovoltaic module based on existing processes, without introducing new equipment and new materials, and without increasing product costs.

[0041] Specifically, if Figure 2As shown, during the manufacturing process of a photovoltaic module, interconnects 20, such as solder ribbons, are used to connect multiple cells 10 in series along a first direction X to form a cell string. Multiple cell strings are then connected in series and parallel along a second direction Y to form a cell layer. In this way, the multiple interconnects 20 connect the cells 10 to form a series circuit. Electrodes (not shown) are provided on the surfaces of the cell 10, and the interconnects 20 are electrically connected to the electrodes. A conductive connection layer 30 is provided between the interconnects 20 and the electrodes. The conductive connection layer 30 improves the connection between the interconnects 20 and the electrodes. Between the two conductive connection layers 30, a gap 11 exists between the interconnects 20 and the cell 10, at least partially. This creates a Fabry-Perot cavity-like structure between the interconnects 20 and the cell 10. The surfaces of the interconnects 20 and the cell 10 act as two reflective surfaces. When stray light within the photovoltaic module enters the gap 11, it is reflected multiple times by the surfaces of the interconnects 20 and the cell 10, resulting in interference, resonance, and other interactions. Light within a specific wavelength range exhibits a resonance enhancement effect, also known as the optical cavity effect.

[0042] In the photovoltaic module manufacturing process, when the interconnection member 20 is used to interconnect the cell 10, a gap 11 is present between two adjacent conductive connection layers 30, that is, between the two connection points between the interconnection member 20 and the cell 10, and at least part of the position between the interconnection member 20 and the cell 10, so that an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap 11, thereby increasing the cell 10's absorption of stray light, improving the light management efficiency inside the photovoltaic module, and thus improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0043] It is understood that multiple cell sheets 10 are electrically connected via interconnects 20 to form a cell string. Multiple cell strings are then connected in series and parallel to form the cell layer of a photovoltaic module. Furthermore, encapsulation film layers, front sheets, and back sheets are laid on both sides of the cell layer, and laminated to form a photovoltaic module. For example, 12 cell strings can be connected in series and parallel to form the cell layer of a photovoltaic module.

[0044] Positive and negative fine grid electrodes extending along the second direction Y and arranged along the first direction X are provided on the surface of the cell 10 to collect the current generated by the cell 10. Solder pads are also provided on the surface of the cell 10 to electrically connect the positive and negative fine grid electrodes to the interconnect 20. Preferably, a main grid or conductive connecting wire may be provided between the solder pads.

[0045] The conductive connection layer 30 is formed of a conductive material and primarily serves to electrically connect the interconnect 20 to the electrodes on the cell 10. In practical applications, the interconnect 20 and the electrodes on the cell 10 can be connected by welding or other methods. Multiple electrical connection points are formed on the electrodes using a flux material (e.g., solder paste). The conductive connection layer 30 corresponds to each of these electrical connection points. The conductive connection layer 30 welds the interconnect 20 to the electrical connection points to achieve electrical connection between the interconnect 20 and the cell 10. The structure formed by welding at the electrical connection points constitutes the conductive connection layer 30.

[0046] The interconnection member 20 may be a solder ribbon, comprising a core of metal wire and a peripheral solder layer; or it may be an electrical connection layer on a conductive backplane. When the interconnection member 20 is a solder ribbon, the extension direction of the interconnection member 20, i.e., its length direction, is aligned with the first direction X.

[0047] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, by setting the width of the interconnection member 20 to be greater than the thickness of the interconnection member 20, the interconnection member 20 is made into a flat structure. At this time, the surface of the interconnection member 20 facing the battery cell 10 is a quasi-plane. Compared with the arc surface, it can ensure that the light entering the gap 11 can be more reflected by the surface of the interconnection member 20, thereby forming an optical cavity effect.

[0048] The width of the interconnection member 20 refers to the average width of the interconnection member 20 along the extension direction parallel to the surface of the battery cell 10 and perpendicular to the interconnection member 20 , and the thickness of the interconnection member 20 refers to the average thickness of the interconnection member 20 along the extension direction perpendicular to the surface of the battery cell 10 .

[0049] Specifically, the width of the interconnect 20 is 0.2 mm to 1 mm. For example, the width of the interconnect 20 can be set to 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, etc. By setting the width of the interconnect 20 between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, it is possible to ensure that the optical cavity effect can be generated in the gap 11 between the interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10. In addition, it is possible to prevent the interconnect 20 from being too wide and causing excessive obstruction on the surface of the solar cell 10, thereby avoiding material waste.

[0050] Specifically, the thickness of the interconnection member 20 is 0.1mm-0.5mm. For example, the thickness of the interconnection member 20 can be set to 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, etc. By setting the thickness of the interconnection member 20 to 0.1mm-0.5mm, it is ensured that the interconnection member 20 has a certain thickness to play the role of current conduction between the battery cells 10, while also preventing the interconnection member 20 from being too thin or too weak in strength, which may cause deformation due to stress during assembly processing, thereby affecting the formation of the gap 11. In addition, it also prevents the interconnection member 20 from being too thick, resulting in a large height difference on the surface of the battery cell 10, which may easily cause local cracks in the battery cell 10 during the lamination process.

[0051] For example, the interconnection member 20 in the present application may be a flat solder strip so as to electrically connect the flat solder strip to the electrode on the surface of the battery cell 10, and a gap 11 is set at least partially between the flat solder strip and the surface of the battery cell 10, so that an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap 11.

[0052] It is understood that in the optical cavity effect, after light undergoes multiple reflections within the cavity (i.e., gap 11 in this application), only light with an optical path difference that is an integer multiple of half the wavelength can form a stable standing wave, that is, satisfy the resonance condition: 2nL = mλ, where n is the refractive index of the cavity medium, L is the cavity length (i.e., the height of gap 11 in this application), λ is the wavelength of light in a vacuum, and m is a positive integer (the resonance order). Light that meets this condition will continuously accumulate and amplify within the cavity, while light that does not meet the condition will gradually attenuate due to destructive interference. This screening effect allows the optical cavity to only allow light of a specific wavelength (the resonant wavelength) to exist stably, forming a resonance peak. Therefore, in the optical cavity effect, the cavity length (i.e., the height of gap 11) directly affects the wavelength of light that can produce resonance.

[0053] Alternatively, as Figure 1 As shown, along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, the height L of the gap 11 is less than or equal to 100 μm and greater than or equal to 0 μm. Preferably, the height L of the gap 11 ranges from 0.36 μm to 89.3 μm.

[0054] On the one hand, the inventors conducted research and analysis, and tested the distribution of strong resonance wavelengths corresponding to the optical cavity effect generated at different gap 11 heights, and selected the distribution of the top three strongest resonance wavelengths under the corresponding conditions. The specific results are as follows: Figure 9As shown in the figure. From the test results in the figure, it can be seen that when the height L of the gap 11 is ≤ 100μm, the coverage range of the strong resonance wavelength is 500nm-1000nm; and when the height L of the gap 11 is greater than 100μm, the coverage range of the resonance wavelength only has obvious strong resonance in the shorter wavelength range. Therefore, in this application, the height L of the gap 11 is set to be less than or equal to 100μm to ensure that the wavelength of the optical cavity resonance can cover the wavelength range that the cell 10 can absorb as much as possible, so as to improve the light management efficiency inside the photovoltaic module and thus enhance the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0055] On the other hand, in the optical cavity effect, in addition to considering the distribution range of the resonant wavelength, it is also necessary to consider the number of wave packets in the resonant cavity, wherein a wave packet refers to a localized wave state formed by the superposition of multiple waves of different frequencies and different phases. As the height L of the gap 11 increases, the number of wave packets generated by the optical cavity effect increases accordingly, the total resonant energy tends to decrease, and the energy concentration is greatly reduced. In this way, the resonance enhancement effect of the optical cavity effect on stray light is reduced. Moreover, as the height L of the gap 11 increases, the longer the distance the light travels in the cavity, the greater the energy loss of the light during the travel process, and the resonance energy will decrease. To this end, the present application sets the height L of the gap 11 to ≤100μm to reduce the energy attenuation of light transmission in the optical effect, thereby ensuring the resonance enhancement effect of the optical cavity effect on stray light.

[0056] In addition, due to the characteristics of the cell 10 itself that short-wavelength light has strong absorption and weak penetration, and long-wavelength light has weak absorption and strong penetration, that is, short-wavelength light is easily absorbed by the cell 10, while long-wavelength light easily penetrates the cell 10. In this application, by setting the height L ≤ 100 μm, the optical cavity effect generated can cover a wider wavelength range. In this way, the optical cavity effect generated by the gap 11 can not only have a light management effect on the stray light directly irradiated into the gap 11, but also play a light management role for the long-wavelength light penetrating the cell 10, thereby increasing the absorption and utilization rate of light by the cell 10.

[0057] Specifically, the height L of the gap 11 can be set to: 0.1μm, 0.2μm, 0.36μm, 0.5μm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 89.3μm, 90μm, 100μm, etc.

[0058] It can be understood that the measurement of the height L of the gap 11 in the present application can be carried out by measuring the straight-line distance from the side of the battery cell 10 facing the gap 11 to the side of the interconnection member 20 facing the gap 11 along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and measuring multiple distance values. The average of the multiple distance values ​​of a gap 11 is the height L of the gap 11.

[0059] Optionally, the height L of the gap 11 satisfies the following formula:

[0060] Wherein, n is the refractive index of the medium in the gap 11, m is a positive integer (indicating the resonance order), λ1 is the wavelength of light that can be utilized by the cell 10 entering the gap 11, and Δλ is the minimum interval between adjacent resonance modes.

[0061] It should be understood that n in the above formula represents the refractive index of the medium within the gap 11. The value of n depends on the material within the gap 11 in the actual photovoltaic module. For example, when the gap 11 is filled with an encapsulant layer 40, n here refers to the refractive index of the encapsulant layer 40. m in the above formula represents the resonance order, representing the "order" of interference enhancement. It is typically a positive integer, for example, m = 1, 2, 3, ..., and in this application, the value of m is 1. λ1 in the above formula represents the wavelength of light that can be utilized by the cell 10 entering the gap 11. Typically, the wavelength of light that can be utilized by the cell 10 is in the range of 400 nm to 1200 nm. However, to enable the generation of the optical cavity effect, the value of λ1 in this application is set to 400 nm to 1000 nm. Δλ in the above formula represents the minimum spacing between adjacent resonant modes, that is, the minimum frequency difference between resonant frequencies (longitudinal modes) that can stably exist within the optical cavity. In this application, the value of Δλ is set to 4 nm to 5 nm.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, after the light is reflected in the gap 11, a stable standing wave can only be formed if certain resonance conditions are met. The resonance effect of the light is affected by factors such as the height L of the gap and the refractive index of the dielectric material in the gap 11. By establishing a correlation between the height L of the gap 11 and the wavelength of the available light entering the gap 11 and the refractive index of the medium in the gap 11, the height L of the gap 11 can be flexibly set according to the application scenario of the actual component, thereby ensuring that a stable and effective optical cavity effect can be formed, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic component.

[0063] Alternatively, as Figure 5 As shown, along the extension direction of the interconnection member 20, the gap 11 has at least a first position a and a second position b, and the height of the gap 11 at the first position a is greater than the height at the second position b.

[0064] It can be understood that, based on the above analysis, different heights of the gap 11 can produce a resonance enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths. Therefore, the heights L at at least two different positions in the gap 11 are unequal, so that the same gap can produce a resonance enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the absorption of light of different wavelengths by the photovoltaic module.

[0065] In some embodiments, the height difference between the first position a and the second position b of the gap 11 is in the range of 0.1 μm to 88 μm. By setting the height difference between the two different positions of the gap 11 in the range of 0.1 μm to 88 μm, different positions within the gap 11 can generate a vibration enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the absorption of light of different wavelengths by the photovoltaic module.

[0066] Exemplarily, the height difference may be set to: 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 88 μm, etc.

[0067] In some embodiments, there are height differences at at least three locations within one gap 11. By providing at least three height differences within the gap 11, the gap 11 can generate a vibration enhancement effect on light of more different wavelengths, thereby facilitating the photovoltaic module to fully absorb and utilize sunlight, a full-band light source.

[0068] Alternatively, as Figure 5 As shown, along the extension direction of the interconnection member 20 , a plurality of conductive connection layers 30 are arranged at intervals between the interconnection member 20 and the battery cell 10 ; a gap 11 is provided between two adjacent conductive connection layers 30 , and at least two gaps 11 are provided under one interconnection member 20 .

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, gaps 11 are provided between different parts of the same interconnector 20 and the cell 10 so that an optical cavity effect can be generated at different gaps 11, thereby improving the absorption rate of light at different positions in the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the overall conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0070] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the interconnection member 20 is partially in contact with the cell 10 between adjacent conductive connection layers 30. This partial contact between the interconnection member 20 and the cell 10 provides local support for the interconnection member 20 at the contact location. Furthermore, the height of the gap 11 around the contact location varies, which facilitates resonance enhancement of light of different wavelengths.

[0071] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, an insulating layer (not shown in the figure) is further provided between the interconnection member 20 and the battery cell 10 , and the battery cell 10 , the interconnection member 20 , the conductive connection layer 30 and the insulating layer form a gap 11 .

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the cell 10 to insulate and protect part of the structure on the surface of the cell 10, thereby positioning at least a portion of the insulating layer between the interconnect 20 and the cell 10. Thus, the cell 10, the interconnect 20, the conductive connection layer 30, and the insulating layer collectively form the gap 11. The conductive connection layer 30 and the insulating layer can refract or reflect light, thereby enhancing the optical cavity effect at the gap 11. The cell 10 and the interconnect 20 can serve as the primary reflectors and refractors, while the conductive connection layer 30 and the insulating layer can provide support to form the gap 11 and assist in the refraction and reflection.

[0073] In some embodiments, the insulating layer fills at least a portion of the gap 11 between the interconnect 20 and the cell 10. Specifically, the insulating layer can be provided on the surface of the cell 10 directly below the interconnect 20 to fill at least a portion of the gap 11 between the interconnect 20 and the cell 10. In this way, after light enters the gap 11, it can be refracted by the insulating layer, thereby generating an optical cavity effect in the gap 11.

[0074] In other embodiments, an insulating layer is disposed on the side of the interconnect 20. Specifically, the insulating layer is disposed between at least one side of the interconnect 20 along the width direction and the cell 10, or between at least one side of the interconnect 20 along the length direction and the cell 10. In this way, the insulating layer, the cell 10, the interconnect 20, and the conductive connection layer 30 can form a cavity, thereby generating an optical cavity effect within the cavity. Furthermore, the insulating layer on the side of the interconnect 20 can refract stray light into the cavity, thereby achieving a "light-catching" effect.

[0075] Of course, an insulating layer may also be provided below and on both sides of the interconnection member 20 . The specific location of the insulating layer may be flexibly set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0076] Alternatively, as Figure 6 As shown, the surface of the interconnecting member 20 facing the gap 11 has a concave-convex structure 201. This convex-convex structure 201 on the surface of the interconnecting member 20 facing the gap 11 enhances the diffuse reflection of light from the surface of the interconnecting member 20, allowing more light to be captured within the gap 11, creating an optical cavity effect. Furthermore, the convex-convex structure 201 on the surface of the interconnecting member 20 can vary the height of the gap 11 at different locations within the gap 11, thereby generating a resonance enhancement effect for light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's absorption of light of different wavelengths.

[0077] Optionally, the side of the cell 10 facing the gap 11 has a concave-convex structure 201. By providing the side of the cell 10 facing the gap 11 with the concave-convex structure 201, the diffuse reflection of light from the cell 10 surface is enhanced, thereby "capturing" more light into the gap 11 to form an optical cavity effect. Furthermore, providing the concave-convex structure 201 on the cell 10 surface can change the height of the gap 11 at different locations within the gap 11, thereby generating a resonance enhancement effect for light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's absorption of light of different wavelengths.

[0078] Alternatively, as Figure 6 As shown, along the thickness direction of the cell 10, the height difference H1 between the highest point and the lowest point of the concave-convex structure 201 is in the range of 0.05 μm to 10 μm. For example, the height difference can be set to 0.05 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, etc.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the height difference between the highest and lowest points of the undulating structure 201 on the surface of the cell 10 or interconnect member 20 to be between 0.05 μm and 10 μm, the undulating structure 201 can be used to diffusely reflect light and can also be used to vary the height of different locations within the gap 11. However, if the height difference is too large, sharp protrusions will appear on the surface of the cell 10 or interconnect member 20, which can easily cause local damage to the cell 10 or interconnect member 20 during module processing, thereby affecting module performance.

[0080] In some embodiments, the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11 has protruding tin particles. By having protruding tin particles on the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11, the high reflectivity of the tin metal particles can reflect light impinging on the surface of the interconnect 20 toward the cell 10, thereby enhancing the optical cavity effect. Furthermore, the protruding tin particles on the surface of the interconnect 20 create different gap heights between the interconnect 20 and the cell 10 at different locations, thereby generating a resonance enhancement effect for light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's absorption of light of different wavelengths.

[0081] In other embodiments, the surface of the cell 10 facing the gap 11 has a velvet structure. By providing the cell 10 with a velvet structure on the side facing the gap 11, the surface of the cell 10 presents a large, relatively regular, concave-convex structure 201. This can enhance the diffuse reflection of light from the cell 10 surface, thereby "capturing" more light into the gap 11 to form an optical cavity effect. Furthermore, the height of the gap 11 can be varied at different locations within the gap 11, thereby generating a resonance enhancement effect for light of different wavelengths, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic module's absorption of light of different wavelengths.

[0082] In some other embodiments, the surface of the conductive connection layer 30 facing the gap 11 has a concavo-convex structure 201. By providing the concavo-convex structure 201 on the surface of the conductive connection layer 30 facing the gap 11, light can be reflected to the surface of the cell 10 facing the gap 11 or the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11 when it strikes the surface of the conductive connection layer 30. In this way, the light can generate an optical cavity effect in the gap 11, which helps to improve the absorption of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0083] Optionally, along the extension direction of the interconnect 20, multiple spaced-apart gaps 11 are formed between the same interconnect 20 and the cell 10, with at least two gaps 11 having unequal heights. By forming multiple spaced-apart gaps 11 between the same interconnect 20 and the cell 10, different gaps 11 can be utilized to generate an optical cavity effect. Furthermore, by making at least two gaps 11 of unequal height, the different gap 11 heights can resonate and enhance light of different wavelengths. This can enhance the absorption of light of different wavelengths by a region of the interconnect 20, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the entire interconnect 20 for a full-band light source such as sunlight, and avoiding enhancing absorption of light of only a single wavelength or a narrow wavelength range.

[0084] It should be noted that the unequal heights of the two gaps 11 mentioned here means that the average height of one gap 11 is not equal to the average height of the other gap 11. Specifically, the straight-line distance between the surface of the battery cell 10 and the surface of the interconnect 20 at each gap 11 is measured along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the height of the corresponding gap 11 is obtained by averaging the multiple distance values ​​obtained by measurement.

[0085] Alternatively, as Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of interconnecting members 20 are provided on the battery cell 10, and the plurality of interconnecting members 20 include a first interconnecting member 20a and a second interconnecting member 20b. A gap 11 corresponding to the first interconnecting member 20a and the battery cell 10 is formed as a first gap, and a gap 11 corresponding to the second interconnecting member 20b and the battery cell 10 is formed as a second gap. The heights of the first gap and the second gap are not equal.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present application, by making the gaps 11 corresponding to different interconnections 20 on the same cell 10 have different heights, the different gaps 11 corresponding to different interconnections 20 on the cell 10 can be used to produce a resonance enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the utilization rate of the entire cell 10 for a full-band light source such as sunlight.

[0087] It should be noted that the height of the first gap here refers to the average height of the first gap along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the same applies to the height of the second gap.

[0088] Optionally, the plurality of battery cells 10 include a first battery cell 10a and a second battery cell 10b, a gap 11 formed on the first battery cell 10a is a third gap, a gap 11 formed on the second battery cell 10b is a fourth gap, and heights of the third gap and the fourth gap are not equal.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present application, by making the heights of the gaps 11 formed on different cell slices 10 unequal, the gaps 11 formed on different cell slices 10 on the photovoltaic module can produce a resonance enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths. In this way, the utilization rate of the entire photovoltaic module for sunlight, a full-band light source, can be improved.

[0090] It should be noted that the height of the third gap here refers to the average height of the third gap along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the same applies to the height of the fourth gap.

[0091] Alternatively, as Figure 5 As shown, the photovoltaic module further includes a packaging adhesive layer 40 ; at least a portion of the gap 11 is filled with the packaging adhesive layer 40 .

[0092] During the preparation of photovoltaic modules, an encapsulation adhesive layer 40 is used to encapsulate and protect the battery cell 10. In the present application, the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 is filled into the gap 11 formed by the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10. On the one hand, the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 can change the height difference at different positions in the gap 11, thereby improving the resonance enhancement effect of the gap 11 for light of different wavelengths; on the other hand, the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 can refract stray light in the photovoltaic module into the gap 11, thereby playing a role of "catching light", helping to enhance the optical cavity effect at the gap 11 and improving the absorption of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0093] Specifically, the photovoltaic module may include a front panel, a back panel, a battery layer and an encapsulation adhesive layer 40. The battery layer is formed by connecting multiple battery cells 10 in series and parallel through an interconnector 20. The front panel and the back panel are stacked, the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 is arranged between the front panel and the back panel, and the battery layer is embedded in the encapsulation adhesive layer 40. The encapsulation adhesive layer 40 can provide an encapsulation and protection effect on the battery layer.

[0094] Among them, the encapsulation glue layer 40 can be made of a transparent material, for example, one or a combination of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyolefin elastomer (POE) can be selected. Of course, other transparent encapsulation materials can also be selected. It can be flexibly selected according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0095] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module in this application is a double-sided glass photovoltaic module, that is, the front and back panels of the photovoltaic module are both made of glass. This allows light to enter the photovoltaic module through the glass on the front and back of the module, so that both the front and back of the cell 10 can receive light. Combined with the optical cavity effect formed by the gap 11 on the surface of the cell 10, the photovoltaic module's absorption and utilization rate of light can be improved, thereby improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0096] In some embodiments, an encapsulation layer 40 is provided between the side of the interconnection member 20 and the cell 10. By providing the encapsulation layer 40 between the side of the interconnection member 20 and the cell 10, a closed or semi-closed cavity space is formed by the interconnection member 20, the cell 10, the electrical connection layer, and the encapsulation layer 40, thereby generating an optical cavity effect within the cavity space.

[0097] It should be noted that the side surface of the interconnection member 20 mentioned here includes at least one side of the interconnection member 20 along its length direction, or at least one side of the interconnection member 20 along its width direction.

[0098] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the encapsulant layer 40 is 1.4-1.5. By setting the refractive index of the encapsulant layer 40 between 1.4 and 1.5, so that the refractive index of the encapsulant layer 40 is between the refractive index of the cell 10 and the refractive index of the interconnect 20, the refractive effect of the encapsulant layer 40 on light can be enhanced. The cell 10, the encapsulant layer 40, and the interconnect 20 cooperate with each other to refract more stray light into the gap 11 between the cell 10 and the interconnect 20, thereby generating an optical cavity effect for the light.

[0099] Specifically, the refractive index of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 can be set to 1.4, 1.43, 1.45, 1.45, 1.5, etc. The refractive index of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 varies with the selected material and can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0100] In some embodiments, the height of the encapsulation layer 40 within the gap 11 is 0.5 μm to 100 μm. By setting the height of the encapsulation layer 40 within the gap 11 to be between 0.5 μm and 100 μm, the encapsulation layer 40 partially fills the gap 11. This ensures that the refractive effect of the encapsulation layer 40 can capture more stray light into the gap 11 to form an optical cavity effect, while preventing the encapsulation layer 40 from being too thick and affecting the reflection of light between the interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10.

[0101] For example, the height of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 located in the gap 11 can be set to 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, etc.

[0102] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic module has a first direction X and a second direction Y intersecting each other, and both the first direction X and the second direction Y are parallel to a surface of the cell 10 on which the interconnection member 20 is provided. The conductive connection layer 30 has a first inclined surface 301 along at least one side of the first direction X, and a first angle A1 is formed between the first inclined surface 301 and the surface of the cell 10.

[0103] In this application, the conductive connection layer 30 has a first inclined surface 301 on at least one side along the first direction X. The first inclined surface 301 forms a certain angle with the surface of the cell 10. When light entering the photovoltaic module strikes the first inclined surface 301, the light is reflected by the first inclined surface 301 toward the side of the cell 10 facing the gap 11 or the side of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11, thereby generating an optical cavity effect within the gap 11. In this way, the first inclined surface 301 of the conductive connection layer 30 can "catch" light, allowing more stray light to enter the gap 11 and generate the optical cavity effect.

[0104] In other embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, at least one side of the conductive connection layer 30 along the second direction Y has a second inclined surface 302 .

[0105] In the present application, the conductive connection layer 30 has a second inclined surface 302 on at least one side along the second direction Y, and there is a certain inclination angle between the second inclined surface 302 and the surface of the battery cell 10. When the light entering the photovoltaic module is irradiated by the second inclined surface 302, it is reflected by the second inclined surface 302 to the battery cell 10 or the interconnection component 20, which can improve the utilization rate of the light; at the same time, part of the light reflected by the second inclined surface is directly used by the battery cell 10, and part enters the gap 11 and can be further used.

[0106] Alternatively, as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a first angle A1 is formed between the first inclined surface 301 and the surface of the cell 10, and a second angle A2 is formed between the second inclined surface 302 and the surface of the cell 10. The first angle A1 and the second angle A2 are not equal. By setting the first inclined surface 301 and the second inclined surface 302 at different angles relative to the surface of the cell 10, the different inclined surfaces of the conductive connection layer 30 can reflect light with different incident angles, so that more light can be "captured" into the gap 11 or directly absorbed by the cell 10, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's absorption and utilization rate of stray light.

[0107] In some embodiments, the surface roughness of the first inclined surface 301 is greater than or equal to 20 nm. By setting the surface roughness of the first inclined surface 301, the first inclined surface 301 can generate diffuse reflection, so as to reflect more stray light into the gap 11, thereby improving the utilization rate of stray light by the photovoltaic module.

[0108] In other embodiments, the surface roughness of the second inclined surface 302 is greater than or equal to 20 nm. By setting the surface roughness of the second inclined surface 302, the second inclined surface 302 can generate diffuse reflection, thereby reflecting more stray light into the gap 11, thereby improving the utilization rate of stray light by the photovoltaic module.

[0109] Alternatively, as Figure 5 As shown, an electrode 50 is provided on the battery cell 10 at a position corresponding to the gap 11 , and the electrode 50 protrudes from the surface of the battery cell 10 .

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, a portion of the electrode 50 is present in the gap 11, and the portion of the electrode 50 protrudes from the surface of the corresponding cell 10. Since the surface of the electrode 50 can reflect light, by arranging the electrode 50 in the gap 11, the height difference between different positions in the gap 11 is changed, so as to produce a resonance enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module for sunlight, a full-band light source.

[0111] It should be noted that the portion of the electrode 50 located in the gap 11 may be in contact with the side of the interconnection member 20 facing the gap 11 , or may be set to be non-contacting. This can be flexibly set according to the actual structure and is not limited here.

[0112] It can be understood that the electrode 50 located in the gap 11 can be at least one of a current collecting electrode and a bus electrode, wherein the current collecting electrode is used to collect the carriers generated by the battery cell 10, and the bus electrode is used to collect the carriers collected by the current collecting electrode and transmit them to the interconnect 20.

[0113] Alternatively, as Figure 5As shown, the height of the electrode 50 protruding from the surface of the battery cell 10 is 2 μm-35 μm. For example, the height of the electrode 50 protruding from the surface of the battery cell 10 can be set to 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, etc.

[0114] In the embodiment of the present application, the protruding height range of the electrode 50 located in the gap 11 is set so that the electrode 50 occupies part of the gap space, thereby ensuring that light can be reflected multiple times between the interconnect 20, the battery cell 10 and the electrode 50 in the gap 11 to produce an optical cavity effect. At the same time, it also avoids the electrode 50 protruding too high and occupying more of the gap 11, which is not conducive to the resonance of light in the gap 11.

[0115] In some embodiments, the cell 10 is a back-contact cell 10, with an electrode disposed on the back side of the cell 10, a conductive connection layer 30 disposed on the electrode, and the interconnect 20 electrically connected to the electrode via the conductive connection layer 30. Furthermore, a gap 11 is provided at least partially between the interconnect 20 and the cell 10, so that the gap 11 can generate an optical cavity effect, thereby improving the light absorption efficiency of the back side of the cell 10.

[0116] In other embodiments, the cell 10 is a bifacial cell 10, with electrodes provided on both the front and back sides of the cell 10. A conductive connection layer 30 is provided on the electrodes, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the electrodes via the conductive connection layer 30. Furthermore, by forming gaps 11 on both the front and back sides of the cell 10, an optical cavity effect can be generated by utilizing the gaps 11 to increase the light absorption efficiency of the front and back sides of the cell 10. Furthermore, the provision of the conductive connection layer 30 can also improve the connectivity between the electrodes and the interconnect 20.

[0117] It can be understood that the electrodes arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell include collecting electrodes and bus electrodes. The collecting electrodes are used to collect carriers generated by the battery cell 10, and the bus electrodes are used to collect the carriers collected by the collecting electrodes and transmit them to the interconnect 20.

[0118] It should be noted that the cell 10 in the present application may be a busbar cell 10, i.e., a current collecting electrode and a busbar electrode are provided on the surface of the cell 10, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the busbar electrode via a conductive connection layer 30. Alternatively, the cell 10 in the present application may be a busbarless cell 10, i.e., only a current collecting electrode is provided on the surface of the cell 10, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the current collecting electrode via a conductive connection layer 30. The specific electrode arrangement structure can be flexibly set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0119] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0120] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: multiple battery cells and interconnects; The plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction, and the interconnecting member is provided on the battery cells and electrically connects adjacent battery cells; A plurality of conductive connection layers arranged at intervals are provided between one of the interconnecting members and the battery cell, and the interconnecting member is electrically connected to the battery cell through the conductive connection layers; and a gap is provided between the interconnecting member and the battery cell at least partially between two adjacent conductive connection layers.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the height of the gap is less than or equal to 100 μm and greater than or equal to 0 μm; Alternatively, the height of the gap ranges from 0.36 μm to 89.3 μm.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The height L of the gap satisfies the following formula: Wherein, n is the refractive index of the medium in the gap, m is a positive integer, λ1 is the wavelength of light that can be utilized by the cell entering the gap, and Δλ is the minimum interval between adjacent resonance modes.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the extending direction of the interconnection member, the gap has at least a first position and a second position, The height of the gap at the first position is greater than the height at the second position; And / or, the height difference between the gap at the first position and the gap at the second position is: 0.1 μm-88 μm; And / or, there are height differences at at least three locations within one of the gaps.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the extension direction of the interconnection member, a plurality of the conductive connection layers are arranged at intervals between the interconnection member and the battery cell; a gap is provided between two adjacent conductive connection layers, and at least two gaps are provided under one interconnection member; And / or, between some adjacent conductive connection layers, the interconnection member is in partial contact with the battery cell.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that An insulating layer is further provided between the interconnection member and the battery cell, and the battery cell, the interconnection member, the conductive connection layer and the insulating layer form the gap.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The insulating layer fills at least a portion of the gap between the interconnection element and the battery cell, or the insulating layer is disposed on a side surface of the interconnection element.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that A surface of the interconnecting member facing the gap has a concave-convex structure; And / or, a surface of the battery cell facing the gap has a concave-convex structure.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein Along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the concave-convex structure is 0.05 μm-10 μm.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A surface of the interconnection member facing the gap has protruding tin particles; And / or, a surface of the battery cell facing the gap has a velvet structure.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A surface of the conductive connection layer facing the gap has a concave-convex structure.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The photovoltaic module includes at least one of the following conditions: A. Along the extension direction of the interconnection member, a plurality of spaced-apart gaps are formed between the same interconnection member and the battery cell, and at least two of the gaps have unequal heights; B. A plurality of interconnecting members are provided on the battery cell, the plurality of interconnecting members including a first interconnecting member and a second interconnecting member, a gap formed between the first interconnecting member and the battery cell corresponding to the first gap, a gap formed between the second interconnecting member and the battery cell corresponding to the second gap, and the first gap and the second gap have different heights; C. The plurality of battery cells include a first battery cell and a second battery cell, the gap formed on the first battery cell is a third gap, the gap formed on the second battery cell is a fourth gap, and the heights of the third gap and the fourth gap are not equal.

13. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module further includes a packaging adhesive layer; at least a portion of the gap is filled with the packaging adhesive layer; And / or, the encapsulation adhesive layer is provided between the side surface of the interconnection member and the battery cell.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that: The refractive index of the encapsulation layer is: 1.4-1.5; And / or, the height of the packaging adhesive layer located in the gap is: 0.5 μm-100 μm.

15. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: At least one side of the conductive connection layer along the first direction has a first inclined surface; And / or, the conductive connection layer has a second inclined surface on at least one side along a second direction, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 15, characterized in that: A first angle is formed between the first inclined surface and the surface of the battery cell, a second angle is formed between the second inclined surface and the surface of the battery cell, and the first angle is not equal to the second angle; and / or, the surface roughness of the first inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm; And / or, the surface roughness of the second inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm.

17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: Electrodes are provided on the battery sheet at positions corresponding to the gaps, and the electrodes protrude from the surface of the battery sheet.

18. The photovoltaic module according to claim 17, characterized in that: The height of the electrode protruding from the surface of the battery cell is 2 μm-35 μm.

19. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The interconnection member is a flat welding ribbon; and / or, the width of the interconnection member is greater than the thickness of the interconnection member; And / or, the width of the interconnection member is 0.2 mm to 1 mm, and the thickness of the interconnection member is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

20. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The back side of the cell is provided with an electrode, or both the front side and the back side of the cell are provided with electrodes, and the interconnection element is electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive connection layer; And / or, the photovoltaic module is a double-sided glass photovoltaic module.

21. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic modules, wherein the photovoltaic modules are the photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

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