Alternate transformation method for litchis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of litchis, and particularly relates to a litchis alternation transformation method which comprises the following steps: S1, re-retracting vertical large branches of inner bores in the middle of an original fruit tree serving as stocks, culturing small branches of the inner bores, and continuously managing the reserved peripheral large branches serving as fruit bearing branches and also serving as water pumping branches; s2, selecting a robust branch of a high-quality seed tree as a scion, grafting the scion to the small branch cultured in the step S1, synchronously managing the scion and a peripheral bough after the scion survives, and gradually retracting the peripheral bough after the survived scion begins to bear fruits, thereby completing the new variety replacement and transformation. According to the method, inner bore branches in the middle of the fruit tree are re-retracted to culture small branches for grafting and seed changing, peripheral boughs are reserved to continue to serve as fruit bearing branches for management and serve as water drawing branches, 50-60% of the yield of the original fruit bearing tree before transformation can be reserved, loss of the yield and benefits during transformation is reduced, meanwhile, the boughs serve as the water drawing branches, new scion growth is facilitated, crown recovery is fast, and the yield of the fruit bearing tree is increased. The method is of great significance to the development of the litchi industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of litchi, and particularly relates to a litchi rotation transformation method. Background Art

[0002] Lychees, a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree in the genus Litchi of the Sapindaceae family, are one of southern my country's most important subtropical commercial fruits. Renowned for their color, aroma, and flavor, they are considered one of the "Four Great Fruits of the South," along with bananas, pineapples, and longans. Lychees are famous for being favored by Yang Guifei, inspiring Du Mu to compose the timeless line, "A horse gallops through the dusty world, and the concubine smiles; no one knows it's the lychees that are coming." Lychees are rich in sugar, protein, vitamins, fat, citric acid, pectin, and various trace elements, including phosphorus and iron, making them extremely beneficial to human health.

[0003] High grafting is a common transformation technology for optimizing, upgrading and improving the structure of litchi varieties. The traditional high grafting method is to retain a large upright branch in the middle of the original fruit tree as a water-drawing branch, then re-cut all the remaining large branches and cultivate small branches for grafting new varieties. After the scion survives, the water-drawing branch is cut off, and the new variety transformation is completed in one go. The traditional method generally has the disadvantages of no yield within three years and slow crown recovery. The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a litchi rotation transformation method to solve the problems existing in the traditional high-grafting and one-time transformation method in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A litchi rotation transformation method comprises the following steps: S1. Use the inner branches in the middle of the tree as rootstocks for growing smaller branches, while retaining the larger outer branches as fruiting branches and also as water-producing branches. S2. Select strong branches from high-quality mother trees as scions and graft them onto the twigs cultivated in step S1. After the scions survive, they are managed synchronously with the surrounding large branches. After the scions survive and begin to bear fruit, the surrounding large branches are gradually retracted to complete the transformation of the new variety.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the fruit tree variety is Jizui Litchi.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S2, the excellent mother tree variety is Yuezhou Red.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the scion has a diameter of 0.8-1 cm and a length of 3-5 cm.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, 3-4 buds are left on each scion.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention addresses the shortcomings of conventional litchi high-grafting and replanting methods and improves upon them. By replanting the inner branches of the central part of the tree, small branches are cultivated for grafting and replanting, while the outer large branches are retained as fruit-bearing branches and also serve as water-drawing branches. This method can retain 50-60% of the original pre-transformation yield of the original fruit-bearing tree, reducing yield and efficiency losses during the transformation. Furthermore, these large branches also serve as water-drawing branches, facilitating the growth of the new graft and accelerating crown recovery. Furthermore, the resulting transformed trees have high yields, which is of great significance to the development of the litchi industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A litchi tree transformed by the method of the present invention; Description of main reference numerals: Figure 1 Among them, the one located in the lower middle part of the outer crown of the fruit tree is Jizui Li, and the one in the upper middle part of the crown is Yuezhou Hong. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0013] A litchi rotation transformation method comprises the following steps: S1. Re-cut the inner branches of the "Jizuili" tree to cultivate smaller branches, while retaining the larger branches on the outside to continue to be used as fruiting branches and also as water supply branches. S2. Select "Yuezhou Red" branches as scions and graft the scions onto the twigs cultured in step S1; wherein the scion diameter is 0.8-1 cm and the length is 3-5 cm, leaving 3-4 buds on each scion.

[0014] The method of this embodiment was used to conduct an experiment in Jiangchang Orchard, Nanzhong Village, Xintang Town, Qinbei District, Guangxi. The orchard had 20 mu of 30-year-old Jizui Li trees with a row spacing of 5.4m×5.5m and an average number of 27 trees per mu.

[0015] (1) Traditional transformation method (10 mu): After harvesting, the Jizui Litchi trees were heavily pruned back, leaving one relatively upright large branch as a water-drawing branch, and the remaining large branches were thinned out from the base to cultivate small branches before grafting; (2) The method of this embodiment was used to transform 10 mu of land: after the Jizui Li was harvested, a "skylight" was opened in the middle of the inner chamber, and small branches were cultivated and then grafted to the Yuezhou Red variety. The outer large branches were retained and continued to be managed normally. After the scion began to bear fruit, the outer large branches were gradually retracted to complete the transformation of the new variety.

[0016] Ten Yuezhouhong plants modified using the method of this example and ten plants modified using the traditional method were randomly selected. The number of ears per plant and the average number of ears per plant were counted. One ear per plant was randomly selected from each of the four directions: east, south, west, and north. The ear weights were weighed and the average was calculated to obtain the average ear weight. The average yield per plant was calculated by multiplying the average number of ears per plant by the average ear weight. The average yield per mu was calculated by multiplying the average yield per plant by the number of plants per mu. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0017] Table 1 Effects of different transformation methods on litchi yield method years variety Average number of ears (ears / plant) Average single ear fruit weight (g) Average yield per plant (kg) Total yield per plant (kg) Average yield per mu (kg) The method of this embodiment 2020 Chicken-billed Lychee 613.2 62.1 38.1 38.1 1028.7 2021 Yuezhou Red 0 0 0 23.7 639.9 Chicken-billed Lychee 436.2 54.4 24.6 2022 Yuezhou Red 12.5 33.8 0.42 23.2 626.4 Chicken-billed Lychee 424.6 53.7 22.8 2023 Yuezhou Red 323.4 73.6 23.8 56.5 1525.5 Chicken-billed Lychee 481.6 67.9 32.7 2025 Yuezhou Red 421 80.3 35.3 60.7 1638.9 Chicken-billed Lychee 347 72.1 25.4 Traditional transformation methods 2021 Yuezhou Red 0 0 0 0 0 2022 Yuezhou Red 8.6 30.4 0.26 0.26 7.0 2023 Yuezhou Red 488.2 62.6 24.3 24.3 656.1 2025 Yuezhou Red 658 75.2 46.3 46.3 1520.1 Note: 2020 is the year of transformation. Abnormal climate occurred in the winter of 2023 and the spring of 2024, resulting in 2024 being an extremely low year for lychees nationwide. The overall flowering rate was ≤10%, and the output was not counted.

[0018] As shown in Table 1, the present invention retains the large outer branches as fruit-bearing branches and also serves as water-drawing branches, preserving some of the yield of the original fruit-bearing tree before transformation and reducing the loss of yield and efficiency during the transformation. In contrast, the traditional transformation method yields almost no fruit in the first two years after transformation. This indicates that the transformation method of the present invention can increase the yield of individual lychee trees and enrich the variety of lychee fruits.

[0019] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A litchi rotation transformation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Use the inner branches in the middle of the tree as rootstocks for growing smaller branches, while retaining the larger outer branches as fruiting branches and also as water-producing branches. S2. Select strong branches from high-quality mother trees as scions and graft them onto the twigs cultivated in step S1. After the scions survive, they are managed synchronously with the surrounding large branches. After the scions survive and begin to bear fruit, the surrounding large branches are gradually retracted to complete the transformation of the new variety.

2. The litchi rotation transformation method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the fruit tree variety is Jizui Litchi.

3. The litchi rotation transformation method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the excellent mother tree variety is Yuezhou Red.

4. The litchi rotation transformation method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the scion has a diameter of 0.8-1 cm and a length of 3-5 cm.

5. The litchi rotation transformation method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, 3-4 buds are left on each scion.

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