Ecological balance protection method for tea planting

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological balance protection method for tea planting. Aiming at the problems that a traditional single tea garden is ecologically fragile, has many diseases and insect pests, degenerates soil and the like, a tree-shrub-grass multi-layer composite planting system is constructed by scientifically planning tea garden layout, and ecological soil management and disease and insect pest prevention and control measures are matched. Specifically, arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants in a specific proportion are configured in a tea garden, and technical means such as organic fertilizer application, grass growing cultivation and natural enemy introduction are combined, so that the virtuous circle of a tea garden ecological system is achieved. The method not only improves the quality and yield of the tea leaves, but also protects the ecological environment, and has remarkable ecological benefits and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tea planting, and specifically relates to a method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting, and in particular to a method for protecting the ecological balance of tea based on three-dimensional composite planting of trees, shrubs and grasses. Background Art

[0002] Tea, as an important economic crop in my country, has a long history of cultivation and is grown on a wide area. However, traditional tea cultivation often relies on monoculture, where tea trees are planted in large, continuous plots. This model has many drawbacks.

[0003] First, the simple ecosystem structure of a single tea garden, low biodiversity, and a fragile ecological chain make large-scale outbreaks of pests and diseases prone to occur. To control pests and diseases, growers often use large amounts of chemical pesticides. This not only causes excessive pesticide residues in tea, affecting tea quality and consumer health, but also damages the ecological environment in and around the tea garden, killing a large number of beneficial organisms, creating a vicious cycle.

[0004] Secondly, long-term tea monoculture can lead to soil nutrient imbalances, a decrease in soil organic matter content, deterioration of soil structure, and a weakening of its ability to retain water and fertilizer, leading to soil degradation. Furthermore, to increase yields, growers overuse chemical fertilizers, further exacerbating soil acidification and compaction, compromising the sustainable cultivation of tea.

[0005] Furthermore, traditional tea plantations lack effective soil and water conservation measures, making them prone to soil erosion during the rainy season, leading to a decline in soil fertility and pollution of surrounding water bodies. Furthermore, the monoculture model results in poor microclimate regulation in tea plantations, and strong summer sunlight can easily burn tea trees, affecting their growth.

[0006] Some research has attempted to improve tea garden ecology through composite planting models, but these efforts have faced challenges such as irrational species selection, unscientific plant ratios, and inadequate management measures, hindering their full potential. For example, some composite plantings employ only a few plant species, resulting in limited improvements in biodiversity. Furthermore, some planting models employ excessively high tree density, which affects the sunlight conditions of tea trees and leads to reduced tea yields.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can build a stable and diverse tea garden ecosystem and achieve the coordinated development of tea planting and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in existing tea planting, such as fragile ecosystem, frequent pests and diseases, soil degradation, soil erosion and decline in tea quality, and provide a method for protecting the ecological balance of tea based on three-dimensional composite planting of trees, shrubs and grasses, so as to achieve a win-win situation of ecological balance in tea gardens and high-quality and efficient production of tea.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for protecting the ecological balance of tea leaves based on three-dimensional composite planting of trees, shrubs and grasses, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Tea garden site selection and planning

[0011] (1) Site selection criteria: Select plots of land with an altitude of 200-800 meters, an average annual temperature of 15-22°C, an annual precipitation of 1200-2000 mm, a soil pH of 4.5-6.5, and a slope of ≤25° for tea plantations. Priority should be given to the use of existing cultivated land or low-yield forest land, and avoid occupying ecologically sensitive areas such as nature reserves, virgin forests, and water conservation areas.

[0012] (2) Functional area division: The tea garden is divided into a planting area, an ecological buffer zone, and ancillary facilities area. The planting area is used for the cultivation of tea trees and trees, shrubs, and grasses; the ecological buffer zone is set up around the tea garden, along the river bank, and on both sides of the road, with a width of 15-30 meters; the ancillary facilities area includes reservoirs, sedimentation tanks, tool sheds, etc., and its area does not exceed 5% of the total area of ​​the tea garden.

[0013] (3) Terrace construction: For plots with a slope of 15-25°, terraces are built along the contour lines. The width of the terraced field is 2-4 meters, and the height of the ridge is 0.3-0.5 meters. The ridges are built with stones or concrete to prevent soil erosion.

[0014] Selection and configuration of tree, shrub and grass varieties

[0015] (1) Selection of tree species: Choose trees that have the functions of shading, nitrogen fixation, and pest control, such as camphor, chestnut, walnut, and acacia. Camphor has an insect repellent effect, chestnut and walnut can provide economic benefits, and acacia has a nitrogen fixation function.

[0016] (2) Shrub species selection: Choose shrubs that are highly adaptable, can improve soil fertility, or have certain economic value, such as rhododendrons, bayberries, and tea tree relatives. Rhododendrons can beautify the environment, bayberries can increase income, and tea tree relatives are beneficial to maintaining the ecological stability of the tea garden.

[0017] (3) Selection of herbaceous species: Leguminosae herbs such as clover, alfalfa, and hairy vetch are mainly selected. These plants have nitrogen-fixing properties, which can improve soil fertility, cover the ground surface, and reduce soil erosion.

[0018] (4) Allocation ratio: In the planting area, the planting density of trees is 15-25 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 6-8 meters and 8-10 meters. The planting density of shrubs is 80-120 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 2-3 meters and 3-4 meters. The planting coverage of herbaceous plants is above 80%, and they are planted by broadcasting. The planting ratio of trees, shrubs and grasses is 1:(4-6):(20-30).

[0019] Planting process

[0020] (1) Tea tree planting: Select high-quality tea varieties, such as Longjing 43 and Tieguanyin, and plant them in February-March in spring or October-November in autumn. Use single-row planting with a row spacing of 1.5-1.8 meters and a plant spacing of 0.3-0.4 meters. Plant 2-3 tea seedlings per hole at a planting depth of 15-20 cm.

[0021] (2) Tree Planting: Dig planting holes in the tea garden according to the above density and spacing. The planting holes should be 80 cm × 80 cm × 60 cm. Apply 5-10 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole as base fertilizer. Plant the trees in March or April in the spring. After planting, water them thoroughly to allow them to take root.

[0022] (3) Shrub planting: Dig planting holes between trees and at the edge of the tea garden according to the above density and spacing. The planting holes should be 40 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm. Apply 2-3 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer to each hole. Plant shrubs in spring or autumn. After planting, compact the soil and water.

[0023] (4) Herbaceous plant planting: Sow herbaceous plant seeds between the rows of tea trees and under the trees and shrubs in spring from March to April or autumn from September to October. The sowing amount is 1-2 kg / mu. After sowing, shallowly plow the soil to ensure full contact between the seeds and the soil.

[0024] Soil management

[0025] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: In March and April in spring and September and October in autumn, ditches are dug between the rows of tea trees and around the roots of trees and shrubs to apply decomposed organic fertilizers such as straw, tea residue, cattle and sheep manure, etc. The application amount is 2000-3000 kg / mu.

[0026] (2) Grass cultivation management: Regularly mow the grass plants in the tea garden at a height of 10-15 cm. The mowed grass plants are used as green manure around the roots of the tea trees. Mowing is done 3-4 times a year, in May, July, September and November.

[0027] (3) Soil cultivation: Deep plowing is carried out 1-2 times a year, with a depth of 20-30 cm, in spring from February to March and autumn from November to December respectively, to improve soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0028] Ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases

[0029] (1) Introduction of natural enemies: Release natural enemies of pests, such as trichogrammatids, predatory mites, and parasitic wasps, into tea gardens. Trichogrammatids are used to control lepidopteran pests such as tea loopers, with a release rate of 10,000 to 20,000 per mu; predatory mites are used to control pests such as spider mites, with a release rate of 2,000 to 3,000 per mu.

[0030] (2) Application of biological pesticides: When the incidence of pests and diseases in tea gardens is relatively mild, biological pesticides can be applied for prevention and control, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for tea loopers and azadirachtin for aphids. Application should be carried out according to the dosage and method specified in the pesticide instructions, and avoid application during periods of high temperature and strong light.

[0031] (3) Physical control: Install yellow boards, insecticidal lamps, pheromone traps and other physical control equipment in the tea garden. Install 20-30 yellow boards per mu, hanging them at the same height as the tops of the tea trees; install 1-2 insecticidal lamps per mu, hanging them at a height of 2-3 meters; set up 5-10 pheromone traps per mu according to the target pest species.

[0032] (4) Ecological regulation: By properly pruning tea trees, we can maintain good ventilation and light transmission in the tea garden, and enhance the resistance of the tea trees themselves. At the same time, we can protect the ecological buffer zone around the tea garden, provide habitats for birds and insects, and use natural enemies to control pests and diseases.

[0033] Moisture Management

[0034] (1) Irrigation: Irrigation should be carried out according to the soil moisture conditions and the growth requirements of the tea trees. Use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to avoid flooding. Irrigation should be carried out when the soil moisture content is less than 60% of the field water holding capacity. The irrigation amount should be sufficient to moisten the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm.

[0035] (2) Drainage: During the rainy season, the drainage ditches in the tea garden should be cleaned in time to ensure smooth drainage and prevent water accumulation in the tea garden. The drainage ditches should be 30-50 cm deep, 40-60 cm wide, and spaced 10-15 meters apart.

[0036] Pruning and harvesting

[0037] (1) Pruning of tea trees: Pruning is done 1-2 times a year, including light pruning and deep pruning. Light pruning is done in spring from February to March, and the top 3-5 cm of branches and leaves of the tea tree are cut off. Deep pruning is done every 2-3 years, in autumn from October to November, and the top 10-15 cm of branches and leaves of the tea tree are cut off to promote the germination of new shoots.

[0038] (2) Pruning of trees and shrubs: Prune trees and shrubs regularly to maintain their appropriate height and crown width to avoid excessive shading that affects the growth of tea trees. The pruning height of trees should be controlled at 5-8 meters, and the pruning height of shrubs should be controlled at 1-2 meters.

[0039] (3) Tea harvesting: Tea should be harvested according to the harvesting standards and time of different tea varieties, and picked by hand to avoid damaging the tender buds of the tea trees. After harvesting, the tea should be processed in a timely manner.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. Improving ecosystem stability: By constructing a three-dimensional composite planting system of trees, shrubs and grasses, the biodiversity of the tea garden has been increased, a complex food web and ecological chain has been formed, the resistance and resilience of the tea garden ecosystem has been improved, and the risk of large-scale outbreaks of pests and diseases has been reduced.

[0042] 2. Improve soil quality: The fallen leaves of trees, shrubs and grasses and the residues of herbaceous plants can increase the content of soil organic matter after decomposition. The nitrogen fixation of leguminous herbaceous plants can increase the nitrogen level in the soil. Soil tillage and grass cultivation improve soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and effectively alleviate the problem of soil degradation.

[0043] 3. Reduce soil erosion: The roots of trees, shrubs and grasses are intertwined, forming a solid soil protection layer. The construction of terraces and the establishment of ecological buffer zones further reduce the erosion of soil by rainwater and reduce the rate of soil erosion.

[0044] 4. Reduce the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers: Through ecological control measures such as the introduction of natural enemies, the application of biological pesticides and physical control, the occurrence of pests and diseases is effectively controlled and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced; the application of organic fertilizers and the nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0045] 5. Improve tea quality and yield: A good ecological environment and soil conditions are conducive to the growth of tea trees. The content of active ingredients such as amino acids and tea polyphenols in tea increases, and the aroma and taste are improved. At the same time, the stability of the ecosystem also provides a stable environment for tea growth, increasing tea yield.

[0046] 6. Increase economic benefits: Trees and shrubs such as chestnut, walnut, and bayberry can provide additional economic benefits, improving the overall economic benefits of the tea garden. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] (1) Example 1

[0049] This example was conducted in a tea garden in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, which has an area of ​​100 mu, an altitude of 300 meters, an annual average temperature of 17°C, an annual precipitation of 1500 mm, a soil pH of 5.5, and a slope of 15°.

[0050] 1. Tea Garden Site Selection and Planning: The site is low-yield forestland and meets the site selection criteria. The tea garden will be divided into an 80-mu planting area, a 15-mu ecological buffer zone, and a 5-mu supporting facilities area. Terraces will be constructed on the 15° slope, with a 3-meter wide field and a 0.4-meter high ridge.

[0051] 2. Selection and Arbor, Shrub, and Grass Varieties: Select camphor and chestnut for trees in a 1:1 ratio; select azalea and bayberry for shrubs in a 1:1 ratio; and select clover and alfalfa for herbs in a 1:1 ratio. The tree planting density is 20 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 7 meters by 9 meters; the shrub planting density is 100 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 2.5 meters by 3.5 meters; and the herbaceous planting coverage is 85%. The planting ratio of trees, shrubs, and grass is 1:5:25.

[0052] 3. Planting process

[0053] (1) Tea tree planting: Longjing 43 variety was selected and planted in February in spring. Single row planting was adopted with a row spacing of 1.6 meters and a plant spacing of 0.35 meters. Two tea seedlings were planted in each hole.

[0054] (2) Tree planting: In March, dig planting holes in the planting area with a size of 80 cm × 80 cm × 60 cm, apply 8 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, and plant camphor and chestnut.

[0055] (3) Shrub planting: In March, dig planting holes between trees and at the edge of the tea garden with a size of 40 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm. Apply 2.5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole and plant azaleas and bayberries.

[0056] Herbaceous planting: In March, sow clover and alfalfa seeds between the rows of tea trees and under the trees and shrubs, with a sowing rate of 1.5 kg / mu, and shallowly cultivate the soil.

[0057] 4. Soil management

[0058] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: In March and September each year, dig trenches between the rows of tea trees and around the roots of trees and shrubs and apply decomposed cow and sheep manure at an application rate of 2,500 kg / mu.

[0059] (2) Grass cultivation management: mow the herbaceous plants in May, July, September and November, with a mowing height of 12 cm, and cover the roots of the tea trees with the mowed herbs.

[0060] (3) Soil cultivation: Deep plowing is carried out in February and November every year, with a depth of 25 cm.

[0061] 5. Ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases

[0062] (1) Introduction of natural enemies: Release 15,000 trichogrammatids per mu in May and 2,500 predatory mites per mu in July. (2) Application of biological pesticides: When tea looper larvae are found, apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) according to the dosage instructions.

[0063] (3) Physical control: Install 25 yellow boards, 1 insecticidal lamp, and 8 sex pheromone traps per mu.

[0064] 6. Water management: Use drip irrigation and irrigate when the soil moisture content is less than 60%.

[0065] Clean the drains in time during the rainy season.

[0066] 7. Pruning and harvesting

[0067] (1) Pruning of tea trees: Light pruning is performed in February of spring, cutting off the top 4 cm of branches and leaves; deep pruning is performed every two years in October of autumn, cutting off the upper 12 cm of branches and leaves.

[0068] (2) Pruning of trees and shrubs: Prune camphor trees and chestnuts every winter to a height of 6-7 meters; prune azaleas and bayberries to a height of about 1.5 meters.

[0069] (3) Tea harvesting: Mingqian tea and Yuqian tea are harvested in spring from April to May. They are picked by hand, and the picking standard is one bud and one leaf or one bud and two leaves.

[0070] After a year of implementation, the tea garden's ecological environment has significantly improved. Soil organic matter content has increased from 1.5% to 2.2%, soil erosion has decreased by 60%, pest and disease incidence has dropped by 70%, and chemical pesticide and fertilizer use has decreased by 80% and 60%, respectively. Tea yields have increased by 15%, amino acid content has increased by 20%, and tea polyphenols are moderate, resulting in a rich aroma and mellow taste. Economic benefits have also increased significantly, with chestnut and bayberry income increasing by 500 yuan per mu.

[0071] (II) Example 2

[0072] This example was conducted in a tea garden in Anxi County, Fujian Province, which has an area of ​​150 mu, an altitude of 500 meters, an annual average temperature of 20°C, an annual precipitation of 1800 mm, a soil pH of 5.0, and a slope of 20°.

[0073] 1. Tea Garden Site Selection and Planning: Select existing arable land that meets the site selection requirements. Dedicate 120 mu (approximately 120 acres) to the planting area, 20 mu (approximately 10 acres) to the ecological buffer zone, and 10 mu (approximately 10 acres) to the supporting facilities area. Terraces will be constructed on the 20° slope, with a 2.5-meter wide field and a 0.5-meter high ridge.

[0074] 2. Selection and Arbor, Shrub, and Grass Varieties: Choose walnut and acacia trees in a 1:1 ratio for trees; choose tea tree relatives and bayberry in a 2:1 ratio for shrubs; and choose hairy vetch. The tree planting density is 25 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 6 meters by 8 meters; the shrub planting density is 120 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 2 meters by 3 meters; and the herbaceous planting coverage is 90%. The planting ratio of trees, shrubs, and grass is 1:6:30.

[0075] 3. Planting process

[0076] (1) Tea tree planting: Choose Tieguanyin tea varieties and plant them in October in autumn. Plant them in single rows with a row spacing of 1.8 meters and a plant spacing of 0.4 meters. Plant 3 tea seedlings in each hole.

[0077] (2) Tree planting: In April, dig planting holes of 80 cm × 80 cm × 60 cm, apply 10 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, and plant walnuts and acacia trees.

[0078] (3) Shrub planting: In October, dig planting holes of 40 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm, apply 3 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, and plant tea-related species and bayberry.

[0079] (4) Herbaceous planting: In September, sow hairy vetch seeds between the rows of tea trees and under the trees and shrubs, with a sowing rate of 2 kg / mu, and shallowly plow the soil.

[0080] 4. Soil management

[0081] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: Apply decomposed straw and tea residue in March and September every year, with an application rate of 3,000 kg / mu.

[0082] (2) Grass cultivation management: Cut the hairy vetch in May, July, September and November, with a cutting height of 15 cm, covering the roots of the tea trees.

[0083] (3) Soil cultivation: Deep plowing is carried out in March and December every year, with a depth of 30 cm.

[0084] 5. Ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases

[0085] (1) Introduction of natural enemies: Release 20,000 trichogrammatids per mu in June and 3,000 predatory mites per mu in August. (3) Application of biological pesticides: When aphids are found, apply azadirachtin according to the dosage instructions.

[0086] (3) Physical control: Install 30 yellow boards, 2 insecticidal lamps, and 10 sex pheromone traps per mu.

[0087] 6. Water management: Use sprinkler irrigation, irrigate when the soil moisture content is lower than 60%, and drain in time during the rainy season.

[0088] 7. Pruning and harvesting

[0089] (1) Pruning of tea trees: Light pruning in March of spring, cutting off the top 5 cm of branches and leaves; deep pruning in November of autumn every three years, cutting off the upper 15 cm of branches and leaves.

[0090] (2) Pruning of trees and shrubs: Prune walnut and acacia trees in winter to a height of 7-8 meters; prune tea tree relatives and bayberry to a height of 1-2 meters.

[0091] (3) Tea harvesting: Tea is harvested in autumn according to the harvesting standards of Tieguanyin and picked by hand.

[0092] After one year of implementation, the tea garden's soil organic matter content increased from 1.2% to 2.0%, soil erosion decreased by 55%, pest and disease incidence dropped by 65%, and chemical pesticide and fertilizer use decreased by 75% and 55%, respectively. Tea production increased by 12%, and the tea's market price increased by 20%. Walnut production also increased by 600 yuan per mu, resulting in positive overall economic benefits.

[0093] The above description of the present invention and its embodiments is non-limiting. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by the above description and designs a similar structure and embodiment to the technical solution without departing from the purpose of the present invention, they should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting, characterized by: The following steps are involved: (1) Site selection and planning of tea gardens: Select plots with an altitude of 200-800 meters, an average annual temperature of 15-22°C, an annual precipitation of 1200-2000 mm, a soil pH of 4.5-6.5, and a slope of ≤25°. Divide the plots into planting areas, ecological buffer zones, and supporting facilities areas. Terrace the plots with a slope of 15-25°. (2) Selection and arrangement of tree, shrub and grass species: Select trees, shrubs and leguminous plants with specific functions and arrange them in a certain proportion and density; (3) Planting process: Plant tea trees, trees, shrubs and herbs at appropriate times; (4) Soil management: including organic fertilizer application, grass cultivation management and soil tillage; (5) Ecological pest control: adopting natural enemy introduction, biopesticide application, physical control and ecological regulation measures; (6) Water management: Irrigation and drainage according to soil moisture conditions; (7) Pruning and harvesting: Prune tea trees and shrubs and harvest tea leaves according to standards.

2. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the width of the ecological buffer zone is 15-30 meters, and the area of ​​the supporting facilities area does not exceed 5% of the total area of ​​the tea garden; the width of the terraced field is 2-4 meters, and the height of the ridge is 0.3-0.5 meters.

3. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the tree is selected from at least one of camphor, chestnut, walnut, and acacia; the shrub is selected from at least one of azalea, bayberry, and tea tree relatives; and the herb is selected from at least one of clover, alfalfa, and hairy vetch.

4. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the planting density of trees is 15-25 plants / mu, and the spacing between rows is 6-8 meters × 8-10 meters; the planting density of shrubs is 80-120 plants / mu, and the spacing between rows is 2-3 meters × 3-4 meters; the planting coverage rate of herbaceous plants is more than 80%; and the planting ratio of trees, shrubs and grasses is trees: shrubs: herbs = 1: (4-6): (20-30).

5. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), tea trees are planted in a single row in February-March in spring or October-November in autumn, with a row spacing of 1.5-1.8 meters and a plant spacing of 0.3-0.4 meters, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each hole; trees are planted in March-April in spring, with a planting hole size of 80 cm × 80 cm × 60 cm, and 5-10 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole; shrubs are planted in spring or autumn, with a planting hole size of 40 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm, and 2-3 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole; herbaceous plants are sown in March-April in spring or September-October in autumn, with a sowing rate of 1-2 kg / mu.

6. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), decomposed organic fertilizer is applied in March-April in spring and September-October in autumn every year, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg / mu; the herbaceous plants are mowed 3-4 times a year at a mowing height of 10-15 cm, and the mowed herbs are covered on the roots of the tea trees; deep plowing is carried out 1-2 times a year at a depth of 20-30 cm.

7. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, wherein: In step (5), the release rate of trichogrammatids is 10,000 to 20,000 per mu, and the release rate of predatory mites is 2,000 to 3,000 per mu; 20 to 30 yellow boards, 1 to 2 insecticidal lamps, and 5 to 10 sex pheromone traps are installed per mu.

8. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation is used for irrigation, and irrigation is performed when the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field water holding capacity; drainage ditches with a depth of 30-50 cm, a width of 40-60 cm, and a spacing of 10-15 meters are set in the tea garden.

9. The method for protecting the ecological balance of tea planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the tea trees are pruned 1-2 times a year, light pruning is performed in spring from February to March, cutting off the top 3-5 cm of branches and leaves, and deep pruning is performed every 2-3 years in autumn from October to November, cutting off the upper 10-15 cm of branches and leaves; the pruning height of trees is controlled at 5-8 meters, and the pruning height of shrubs is controlled at 1-2 meters.