Ginger soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a ginger soilless culture substrate and a preparation method thereof. By adopting wool compound fermentation and applying carbonized rice husks, coco coir and river sand in a matched mode, the compound matrix is high in animal protein content, and the carbonized rice husks are high in silicon and potassium content, so that the yield and quality formation of ginger are promoted; the volume weight of the substrate is adjusted through river sand, so that the ginger has good appearance development and comprehensive economic benefits of the ginger are improved; the invention provides a special soilless culture substrate formula which is rich in nutrition, low in material cost and suitable for ginger growth, and the special soilless culture substrate formula plays an important role in ginger industry upgrading and agricultural sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ginger soilless cultivation, in particular to a ginger soilless cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ginger, a key edible and medicinal crop, is a major export-earning vegetable in my country. China boasts the world's largest ginger cultivation area and highest production levels. However, traditional ginger cultivation relies on the soil environment. Long-term continuous cropping can lead to frequent soil-borne diseases (such as ginger wilt and root-knot nematode disease), decreased soil fertility, and heavy metal contamination, severely hindering the sustainable development of the industry. Soilless cultivation, with its advantages of environmental control and efficient resource utilization, has become an important approach to addressing the bottlenecks of traditional cultivation. In recent years, this technology has been widely adopted in high-value-added crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers, but its application in ginger is still in its infancy. As a crop harvested from its underground commercial organs, ginger has high requirements for substrate air permeability, water retention, physiological and biochemical properties, and microbial environment. Conventional soilless cultivation substrates (such as coconut coir and rockwool) are unable to meet these specific requirements, resulting in frequent problems such as poor plant growth and malformed ginger tubers. Therefore, developing specialized substrates tailored to the physiological characteristics of ginger has become a key breakthrough in promoting soilless cultivation technology in the ginger industry.

[0003] Ginger has a long growing period and is highly tolerant to fertilizers. However, the physical and chemical properties of existing general-purpose substrates (such as perlite and vermiculite) for soilless ginger cultivation currently do not meet the growth requirements of ginger. For example, the low organic nutrient content makes it difficult to improve yield and quality, while the low substrate compactness results in poor product appearance. Furthermore, existing substrates often rely on imports (such as peat), which are expensive and non-renewable, significantly increasing ginger production costs. Therefore, developing a specialized soilless cultivation substrate formula that is nutritious, inexpensive, and suitable for ginger growth is crucial for the upgrading of the ginger industry and the sustainable development of agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a soilless cultivation substrate for ginger and a preparation method thereof, which can significantly promote the growth of ginger, improve the yield and quality, reduce production costs, and enhance the economic benefits of ginger.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a soilless cultivation substrate for ginger, characterized in that the soilless substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 50 parts of fermented composite animal protein, 10-20 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of carbonized rice husk, and 10 parts of river sand;

[0006] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented composite animal protein comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Cut the waste wool fibers into fragments less than 5 mm using an eddy current shear;

[0008] 2) Add 2 times the volume of the wool to a 3% sodium carbonate solution and soak at 60°C for 2 hours;

[0009] 3) Add keratinase (1000 U / g) to the above mixture and pretreat for 30 minutes;

[0010] 4) Filter and dry the treated product until the moisture content is less than 10%;

[0011] 5) Crush the corn stalks to a particle size of <20 mm;

[0012] 6) Mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of wool from step 4), 50 parts of corn stalks from step 5), and 10-15 parts of biochar;

[0013] 7) inoculating the mixture with fermentation bacteria and treating for 50 to 60 days;

[0014] 8) After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is squeezed using a hydraulic press, and the residue is retained as the fermented composite animal protein.

[0015] Wherein, the moisture content of the corn stalks in step 5) is less than 10%.

[0016] Wherein, the fermentation bacteria in step 7) are 0.1%-0.2% of yeast and 0.2%-0.3% of Bacillus subtilis in the total mass of the mixture.

[0017] In step 7), the water content is adjusted to 65% to 70% during the fermentation process, and the compost is turned over every 5 days during the fermentation process.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 7), the amount of viable bacteria of the fermentation bacteria is 109-1010 / g.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 7), the fermentation process is covered with a 0.08 mm thick plastic film and the fermentation temperature is maintained at 45-50°C.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 8), the fermented product is squeezed using a hydraulic press to reduce the water content to 40% to 50%.

[0021] Furthermore, the squeezed liquid in step 8) can be used as a raw material for the formulation of nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of ginger.

[0022] Preferably, the method for preparing the carbonized rice husk comprises the following steps:

[0023] 1) Crushing rice husks into 2-3 mm pieces using a toothed disc crusher;

[0024] 2) Treat in a 10kHz high-frequency plasma field for 15 minutes;

[0025] 3) Carbonizing rice husks using a multi-stage gradient pyrolysis method;

[0026] 4) When the temperature drops to 300°C, inject citric acid atomized liquid;

[0027] 5) Dry to a moisture content of <15%.

[0028] The plasma field power density in step 2) is 2W / cm 2 ;

[0029] Wherein, the temperature gradient of the multi-stage gradient pyrolysis method in step 3) has three stages;

[0030] Furthermore, the three temperature gradients in step 3) are 200-300°C for pre-carbonization with a heating rate of 5°C / min; 450-550°C for main carbonization with a heating rate of 8°C / min; and 650°C for passivation for 5 minutes.

[0031] Furthermore, the concentration of the citric acid atomized liquid in step 4) is 0.5 mol / L, and the atomized amount is 1.5 times the volume of the material.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] Ginger is a fertilizer-loving and fertilizer-tolerant crop with high potassium and silicon requirements. Furthermore, as it is an underground product, the physical and chemical properties of the substrate significantly influence its appearance and quality. This invention utilizes a composite fermentation of wool, supplemented with carbonized rice husks, coconut coir, and river sand. The composite substrate, high in animal protein and high in silicon and potassium from the carbonized rice husks, promotes ginger yield and quality. River sand is used to adjust the substrate's bulk density, resulting in well-developed ginger appearance and improved overall economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the substrate morphology of experimental group II of the present invention and the growth status of ginger 30 days after sowing;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of ginger in experimental group II of the present invention 150 days after sowing;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the appearance of ginger at harvest in experimental group 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the appearance of ginger at harvest in experimental groups I and II of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a soilless cultivation medium for ginger, comprising the following raw materials in parts by volume: 50 parts of fermented composite animal protein, 10-20 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of carbonized rice husks, and 10 parts of river sand.

[0040] A method for preparing a soilless culture medium for ginger, wherein fermented composite animal protein is prepared by the following steps:

[0041] 1) Cut the waste wool fibers into fragments less than 5 mm using an eddy current shear;

[0042] 2) Add 2 times the volume of the wool to a 3% sodium carbonate solution and soak at 60°C for 2 hours;

[0043] 3) adding keratinase to the above mixture for pretreatment for 30 minutes;

[0044] 4) Filter and dry the treated product until the moisture content is less than 10%;

[0045] 5) Crush the corn stalks to a particle size of <20 mm;

[0046] 6) Mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of the wool from step 4), 50 parts of the corn stalks from step 5), and 10-15 parts of biochar;

[0047] 7) inoculating the mixture with fermentation bacteria and treating for 50 to 60 days;

[0048] 8) After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is squeezed using a hydraulic press, and the residue is retained as the fermented composite animal protein.

[0049] A method for preparing a soilless culture medium for ginger, wherein carbonized rice husks are prepared by the following steps:

[0050] The rice husk was crushed into 2-3 mm and the 2 Plasma field treatment for 15 min;

[0051] Three-stage gradient pyrolysis: pre-carbonization at 200-300°C at 5°C / min → main carbonization at 450-550°C at 8°C / min → passivation at 650°C for 5 minutes;

[0052] When the temperature drops to 300°C, inject 1.5 times the volume of the material into the 0.5 mol / L citric acid atomized liquid;

[0053] Dry to a moisture content of <15%.

[0054] The corn stalks are pre-crushed to a particle size of <20 mm and a moisture content of <10%.

[0055] During the fermentation process, the mixture was covered with a 0.08 mm plastic film to maintain the temperature. The amount of biochar added was 10-15 parts by weight of the total mixture. Citric acid atomized liquid was injected when the carbonized rice husk was cooled to 300°C.

[0056] Example 1:

[0057] The raw material processing steps of the above matrix preparation method are as follows:

[0058] 1. Raw material processing

[0059] 1. Preparation of fermented compound animal protein:

[0060] 1) Cut the waste wool fibers into fragments less than 5 mm using an eddy current shear;

[0061] 2) Add 2 times the volume of the wool to a 3% sodium carbonate solution and soak at 60°C for 2 hours;

[0062] 3) Add keratinase (1000 U / g) to the above mixture and pretreat for 30 minutes;

[0063] 4) Filter and dry the treated product until the moisture content is less than 10%;

[0064] 5) Crush corn stalks with a moisture content of less than 10% to a particle size of less than 20 mm;

[0065] 6) Mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of wool from step 4), 50 parts of corn stalks from step 5), and 10 parts of biochar;

[0066] 7) inoculating the mixture with 0.1%-0.2% of yeast (viable bacteria quantity of 109-1010 cells / g) and 0.2%-0.3% of Bacillus subtilis (viable bacteria quantity of 109-1010 cells / g) of the total mass of the mixture, adjusting the moisture content to 65%-70%, covering with 0.08 mm plastic film, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 45-50° C., turning the compost every 5 days, and processing for 50-60 days;

[0067] 8) After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is squeezed using a hydraulic press to a moisture content of 40% to 50%, and the residue is retained as the fermented composite animal protein.

[0068] 2. Preparation of corn straw fermentation matrix:

[0069] 1) Crush corn stalks with a moisture content of less than 10% to a particle size of less than 20 mm;

[0070] 2) Mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of corn stalks and 20 parts of biochar from step 1);

[0071] 3) inoculating the mixture with 0.1%-0.2% of yeast (viable bacteria quantity of 109-1010 cells / g) and 0.2%-0.3% of Bacillus subtilis (viable bacteria quantity of 109-1010 cells / g) of the total mass of the mixture, adjusting the moisture content to 65%-70%, covering with 0.08 mm plastic film, maintaining the fermentation temperature at 45-50° C., turning the compost every 5 days, and processing for 50-60 days;

[0072] 4) After fermentation is completed, the fermented material is squeezed using a hydraulic press to a moisture content of 40% to 50%, and the residue is retained as a fermentation substrate for corn straw.

[0073] 3. Preparation of carbonized rice husk:

[0074] 1) Crushing rice husks into 2-3 mm pieces using a toothed disc crusher;

[0075] 2) Treat in a 10kHz high-frequency plasma field for 15 minutes with a power density of 2W / cm 2 ;

[0076] 3) Carbonizing the rice husks using a multi-stage gradient pyrolysis method: pre-carbonization at 200-300°C with a heating rate of 5°C / min; main carbonization at 450-550°C with a heating rate of 8°C / min; and passivation at 650°C for 5 min.

[0077] 4) When the temperature drops to 300°C, inject citric acid atomized liquid with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L and an atomized amount of 1.5 times the volume of the material.

[0078] 5) Dry to a moisture content of <15%.

[0079] 4. Preparation of ordinary rice husk:

[0080] 1) Crushing rice husks into 2-3 mm pieces using a toothed disc crusher;

[0081] 2) Treat in a 10kHz high-frequency plasma field for 15 minutes with a power density of 2W / cm 2 ;

[0082] 3) Add 2 times the volume of water to the treated rice husks and boil for 30 minutes;

[0083] 4) Dry to a moisture content of <15%.

[0084] 2. Preparation of soilless substrate:

[0085] The above-mentioned materials were mixed and prepared into a soilless matrix according to the volume ratio, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0086] Table 1 Soilless substrate formula

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] The above soilless culture substrates 1 to 9 were used to carry out ginger cultivation experiments:

[0090] Different ratios of substrates were placed in black plastic cultivation bags with a diameter of 38 cm and a height of 45 cm. Different experimental groups were set up according to the substrate type as shown in Table 2:

[0091] Table 2 Grouping of ginger cultivation experiment

[0092] experimental group I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX matrix 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

[0093] On April 25, 2024, ginger seeds were sown in cultivation bags in groups of 100 pots per group. The seeds were watered every 7 days and supplemented with 1000 mL of nutrient solution per pot every 30 days (water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 1:1:1 was diluted 100 times before August, and water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 2:1:4 was diluted 100 times before harvest).

[0094] On October 20, 2024, ginger was harvested and its yield and quality were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0095] Table 3 Statistics of yield and quality of soilless cultured ginger

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] From the above results, it can be seen that the substrate formula used in experimental groups I and II can significantly improve the yield and quality of ginger and enhance the economic benefits of cultivation. In addition, due to the addition of an appropriate amount of river sand in experimental II, the substrate has a higher compactness, the ginger plant shape is more compact, and the appearance quality is higher.

[0099] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A soilless culture medium for ginger, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 50 parts of fermented compound animal protein, 10-20 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of carbonized rice husk and 10 parts of river sand.

2. The method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 1, wherein The fermented composite animal protein is prepared by the following steps: 1) Cut the waste wool fibers into fragments less than 5 mm using an eddy current shear; 2) Add 2 times the volume of the wool to a 3% sodium carbonate solution and soak at 60°C for 2 hours; 3) adding keratinase to the above mixture for pretreatment for 30 minutes; 4) Filter and dry the treated product until the moisture content is less than 10%; 5) Crush the corn stalks to a particle size of <20 mm; 6) Mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of the wool from step 4), 50 parts of the corn stalks from step 5), and 10-15 parts of biochar; 7) inoculating the mixture with fermentation bacteria and treating for 50 to 60 days; 8) After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is squeezed using a hydraulic press, and the residue is retained as the fermented composite animal protein.

3. A method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbonized rice husk is prepared by the following steps: The rice husk was crushed into 2-3 mm and the 2 Plasma field treatment for 15 min; Three-stage gradient pyrolysis: pre-carbonization at 200-300°C at 5°C / min → main carbonization at 450-550°C at 8°C / min → passivation at 650°C for 5 minutes; When the temperature drops to 300°C, inject 1.5 times the volume of the material into the 0.5 mol / L citric acid atomized liquid; Dry to a moisture content of <15%.

4. A method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: The corn stalks are pre-crushed to a particle size of <20 mm and a moisture content of <10%.

5. A method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation process was covered with a 0.08 mm plastic film to maintain the temperature.

6. A method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: The amount of biochar added is 10-15 parts by weight of the total mass of the mixture.

7. A method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: The citric acid atomized liquid is injected when the carbonized rice husk is cooled to 300°C.

8. A method for preparing a ginger soilless culture medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the fermentation process, the compost is turned over once every five days, the fermented material is squeezed to a water content of 40% to 50%, and the squeezed liquid is used as a raw material for a nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of ginger.

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